The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a general-purpose high-energy particle physics detector. It was installed on the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2011 to conduct a unique long-duration mission of fundamental physics research in space. AMS has acquired the largest number of particles ever measured in space by a single experiment, performing the most precise measurement of...
Among the most extreme types of solar energetic particle (SEP) events are those that have hard enough particle spectra to penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere, interact, and cause sufficient secondary particles to be measured by ground-based instrumentation; they are commonly referred to as ‘ground level enhancement’ (GLE) events. By their very definition, GLE events cannot be identified with...
The magnetic field is fundamental to solar activity and shapes the interplanetary environment, defining our space weather, as clearly shown by the full three dimensional monitoring of the heliosphere provided by the measurements of the Helios, Ulysses, SOHO, ACE, Wind,STEREO, Hinode, IRIS, SDO, and Voyager spacecraft. Magnetic fields are also the source for coronal heating and the very...
