Space agencies such as ESA, NASA, the Chinese space agency and even private companies are launching new human deep space exploration programs to the Moon and Mars. Radiation is one of the most important long-term risks to such missions. In preparation, this requires a very timely and thorough study to better understand the space weather conditions and their effects as a baseline for the...
Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) models have been developed by NASA, ROSCOSMOS and the European Space Agency (ESA) to provide fluxes for Hydrogen and heavy ions up to Iron over a broad energy range, while remaining computationally fast so that they may be used in an operational setting. The methodology behind the NASA Badhwar-O'Neill model (O’Neill, Golge, and Slaba 2015), the ESA DLR model (Matthia...
