Conveners
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research
- Baidyanath Kundu (Princeton University (US))
- Diego Ciangottini (INFN, Perugia (IT))
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research: 1
- Daniele Cesini (Universita e INFN, Bologna (IT))
- Marica Antonacci (INFN)
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research
- Michael Poat
- Marica Antonacci (INFN)
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research
- Stefano Bagnasco (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Torino)
- Gioacchino Vino (INFN Bari (IT))
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research
- Maria Girone (CERN)
- Taylor Childers (Argonne National Laboratory (US))
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research
- Gioacchino Vino (INFN Bari (IT))
- Raquel Pezoa Rivera (Federico Santa Maria Technical University (CL))
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research
- Elena Gazzarrini (CERN)
- Nicola Mori (INFN Florence)
Track 1: Computing Technology for Physics Research
- Oksana Shadura (University of Nebraska Lincoln (US))
- Nicola De Filippis (Politecnico/INFN Bari (IT))
The ATLAS experiment at the LHC relies critically on simulated event samples produced by the full Geant4 detector simulation software (FullSim). FullSim was the major CPU consumer during the last data-taking year in 2018 and it is expected to be still significant in the HL-LHC era [1, 2]. In September 2020 ATLAS formed a Geant4 Optimization Task Force to optimize the computational performance...
The ASTRI Mini-Array is a gamma-ray experiment led by Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica with the partnership of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Fundacion Galileo Galilei, Universidade de Sao Paulo (Brazil) and North-West University (South Africa). The ASTRI Mini-Array will consist of nine innovative Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes that are being installed at the Teide...
Experiments at the CERN High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will produce hundreds of Petabytes of data per year. Efficient processing of this dataset represents a significant human resource and technical challenge. Today, ATLAS data processing applications run in multi-threaded mode, using Intel TBB for thread management, which allows efficient utilization of all available CPU cores...
GPU acceleration has been successfully utilised in particle physics for real time analysis and simulation, in this study, we investigate the potential benefits for medical physics applications by analysing performance, development effort, and availability. We selected a software developer with no high performance computing experience to parallelise and accelerate a stand-alone Monte Carlo...
The LHCb experiment underwent a major upgrade for data taking with higher luminosity in Run 3 of the LHC. New software that exploits modern technologies in the underlying LHCb core software framework, is part of this upgrade. The LHCb simulation framework, Gauss, is adapted accordingly to cope with the increase in the amount of simulated data required for Run 3 analyses. An additional...
HEPscore is a CPU benchmark, based on HEP applications, that the HEPiX Working Group is proposing as a replacement of the currently used HEPSpec06 benchmark, adopted in WLCG for procurement, computing resource pledges and performance studies.
In 2019, we presented at ACAT the motivations for building a benchmark for the HEP community based on HEP applications. The process from the conception...
During the LHC LS2, the ALICE experiment has undergone a major upgrade of the data acquisition model, evolving from a trigger-based model to a continuous readout. The upgrade allows for an increase in the number of recorded events by a factor of 100 and in the volume of generated data by a factor of 10. The entire experiment software stack has been completely redesigned and rewritten to adapt...
The CMS experiment has 1056 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) in its muon system. Monitoring their currents is the first essential step towards maintaining the stability of the CMS RPC detector performance. An automated monitoring tool to carry out this task has been developed. It utilises the ability of Machine Learning (ML) methods in the modelling of the behavior of the current of these...
To increase the science rate for high data rates/volumes, JLab is partnering with ESnet for development of an AI/ML directed dynamic Compute Work Load Balancer (CWLB) of UDP streamed data. The CWLB is an FPGA featuring dynamically configurable, low fixed latency, destination switching and high throughput. The CLWB effectively provides seamless integration of edge / core computing to support...
The INFN Tier1 data center is currently located in the premises of the Physics Department of the University of Bologna, where CNAF is also located. Soon it will be moved to the “Tecnopolo”, the new facility for research, innovation, and technological development in the same city area; it will follow the installation of Leonardo, the pre-exascale supercomputing machine managed by CINECA,...
The HERD experiment will perform direct cosmic-ray detection at the highest ever reached energies, thanks to an innovative design that maximizes the acceptance, and its placement on the future Chinese Space Station which will allow for an extended observation period."
Significant computing and storage resources are foreseen to be needed in order to cope with the necessities of a large...
The ReCaS-Bari datacenter enriches its service portfolio providing a new HPC/GPU cluster for Bari University and INFN users. This new service is the best solution for complex applications requiring a massively parallel processing architecture. The cluster is equipped with cutting edge Nvidia GPUs, like V100 and A100, suitable for those applications able to use all the available parallel...
The power consumption of computing is coming under intense scrutiny worldwide, driven both by concerns about the carbon footprint, and by rapidly rising energy costs.
ARM chips, widely used in mobile devices due to their power efficiency, are not currently in widespread use as capacity hardware on the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.
However, the LHC experiments are increasingly able to...
With the continuous increase in the amount of large data generated and stored in various scientific fields ,such as cosmic ray detection, compression technology becomes more and more important in reducing the requirements for communication bandwidth and storage capacity. Zstandard, abbreviated as zstd, is a fast lossless compression algorithm. For zlib-level real-time compression scenarios, it...
Lossy compression algorithms are incredibly useful due to powerful compression results. However, lossy compression has historically presented a trade-off between the retained precision and the resulting size of data compressed with a lossy algorithm. Previously, we introduced BLAST, a state-of-the-art compression algorithm developed by Accelogic. We presented results that demonstrated BLAST...
The evolution of the computing landscape has resulted in the proliferation of diverse hardware architectures, with different flavors of GPUs and other compute accelerators becoming more widely available. To facilitate the efficient use of these architectures in a heterogeneous computing environment, several programming models are available to enable portability and performance across different...
The simplicity of Python and the power of C++ provide a hard choice for a scientific software stack. There have been multiple developments to mitigate the hard language boundaries by implementing language bindings. The static nature of C++ and the dynamic nature of Python are problematic for bindings provided by library authors and in particular features such as template instantiations with...
One of the objectives of the EOSC (European Open Science Cloud) Future Project is to integrate diverse analysis workflows from Cosmology, Astrophysics and High Energy Physics in a common framework. The project’s development relies on the implementation of the Virtual Research Environment (VRE), a prototype platform supporting the goals of Dark Matter and Extreme Universe Science Projects in...
The LIGO, VIRGO and KAGRA Gravitational-wave interferometers are getting ready for their fourth observational period, scheduled to begin in March 2023, with improved sensitivities and higher event rates.
Data from the interferometers are exchanged between the three collaborations and processed by running search pipelines for a range of expected signals, from coalescing compact binaries to...
Since its inception, the minimal Linux image CernVM provides a portable and reproducible runtime environment for developing and running scientific software. Its key ingredient is the tight coupling with the CernVM-FS client to provide access to the base platform (operating system and tools) as well as the experiment application software. Up to now, CernVM images are designed to use full...
Vector fields are ubiquitous mathematical structures in many scientific domains including high-energy physics where — among other things — they are used to represent magnetic fields. Computational methods in these domains require methods for storing and accessing vector fields which are both highly performant and usable in heterogeneous environments. In this paper we present...
The CMS simulation, reconstruction, and HLT code have been used to deliver an enormous number of events for analysis during Runs 1 and 2 of the LHC at CERN. In fact, these techniques have been regarded as of fundamental importance for the CMS experiment. In the following arguments presented, several ways to improve efficiency of these procedures will be described and it will be displayed how...
Uproot reads ROOT TTrees using pure Python. For numerical and (singly) jagged arrays, this is fast because a whole block of data can be interpreted as an array without modifying the data. For other cases, such as arrays of std::vector<std::vector<float>>, numerical data are interleaved with structure, and the only way to deserialize them is with a sequential algorithm. When written in...
In the past few years, using Machine and Deep Learning techniques has become more and more viable, thanks to the availability of tools which allow people without specific knowledge in the realm of data science and complex networks to build AIs for a variety of research fields. This process has encouraged the adoption of such techniques: in the context of High Energy Physics, new algorithms...
Use of declarative languages for HEP data analysis is an emerging, promising approach. One highly developed example is ADL (Analysis Description Language), an external domain specific language that expresses the analysis physics algorithm in a standard and unambiguous way, independent of frameworks. The most advanced infrastructure that executes an analysis written in the formal ADL syntax...
PHASM is a software toolkit, currently under development, for creating AI-based surrogate models of scientific code. AI-based surrogate models are widely used for creating fast and inverse simulations. The project anticipates an additional, future use case: adapting legacy code to modern hardware. Data centers are investing in heterogeneous hardware such as GPUs and FPGAs; meanwhile, many...
A novel data collection system, known as Level-1 (L1) Scouting, is being introduced as part of the L1 trigger of the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The L1 trigger of CMS, implemented in FPGA-based hardware, selects events at 100 kHz for full read-out, within a short 3 microsecond latency window. The L1 Scouting system collects and stores the reconstructed particle primitives...
The data-taking conditions expected in Run 3 of the LHCb experiment will be unprecedented and challenging for the software and computing systems. Accordingly, the LHCb collaboration will pioneer the use of a software-only trigger system to cope with the increased event rate efficiently. The beauty physics programme of LHCb is heavily reliant on topological triggers. These are devoted to...
In the past four years, the LHCb experiment has been extensively upgraded, and it is now ready to start Run 3 performing a full real-time reconstruction of all collision events, at the LHC average rate of 30 MHz. At the same time, an even more ambitious upgrade is already being planned (LHCb "Upgrade-II"), and intense R&D is ongoing to boost the real-time processing capability of the...
APEIRON is a framework encompassing the general architecture of a distributed heterogeneous processing platform and the corresponding software stack, from the low level device drivers up to the high level programming model.
The framework is designed to be efficiently used for studying, prototyping and deploying smart trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) systems for high energy physics...
There are undeniable benefits of binding Python and C++ to take advantage of the best features of both languages. This is especially relevant to the HEP and other scientific communities that have invested heavily in the C++ frameworks and are rapidly moving their data analyses to Python.
The version 2 of Awkward Array, a Scikit-HEP Python library, introduces a set of header-only C++...
Particle transport simulations are a cornerstone of high-energy physics (HEP), constituting almost half of the entire computing workload performed in HEP. To boost the simulation throughput and energy efficiency, GPUs as accelerators have been explored in recent years, further driven by the increasing use of GPUs on HPCs. The Accelerated demonstrator of electromagnetic Particle Transport...
To achieve better computational efficiency and exploit a wider range of computing resources, the CMS software framework (CMSSW) has been extended to offload part of the physics reconstruction to NVIDIA GPUs, while the support for AMD and Intel GPUs is under development. To avoid the need to write, validate and maintain a separate implementation of the reconstruction algorithms for each...
Utilizing the computational power of GPUs is one of the key ingredients to meet the computing challenges presented to the next generation of High-Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Unlike CPUs, developing software for GPUs often involves using architecture-specific programming languages promoted by the GPU vendors and hence limits the platform that the code can run on. Various portability...
