Conveners
C2Or2C: Thermophysics IV: Fluid & Transport Properties
- Jacob Leachman (Washington State University)
- Jonathan Stephens (NASA)
To enable the design of future in-space cryogenic propellant vehicles such as Lunar and Martian ascent and descent stages and the nuclear thermal propulsion system, high accuracy models of various phases of the propellant transfer process are required. This paper focuses on modeling of steady state flow through the transfer line that connects a propellant tank to an engine or customer receiver...
In the absence of external heat exchangers, the on-orbit transfer of cryogenic propellants requires the receiver tank to first be quenched to a sufficiently low energy state to allow for a continuous no-vent fill to avoid unnecessary venting of liquid. One proposed method for tank chilldown that minimizes the potential for venting liquid is the charge hold vent (CHV) method. CHV follows a...
Author: Erin Tesny
Co-authors: Jason Hartwig, Vishwanath Ganesan, Issam Mudawar, Mariano Mercado
Understanding two-phase cryogenic propellant behavior is key to enabling technologies for future spaceflight missions to the Moon and Mars. Developing accurate models of two-phase flow phenomena, particularly flow boiling in the heating case is relevant to the propellant transfer...
An instrument based on a modification to the 3-omega thermal conductivity technique that allows precise measurement of thermal properties in fluids is presented. Existing hot-wire techniques have difficulty measuring thermal conductivity because of the effects of natural convection. This device's geometry restricts fluid motion to enable a direct high-precision measurement of a fluid's thermal...
Available experimental data dealing with critical heat flux (CHF) of liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), and liquid oxygen (LO2) in pool and flow boiling are compiled. The compiled data are compared with widely used correlations.
Experimental pool boiling CHF data for the aforementioned cryogens are scarce. Based on only 25 data points found in five independent sources, the...
The past 20 years have seen great advances of pulse tube coolers. Behind these are the deeper and clearer understanding of their working principles and more accurate simulation aided by more powerful computing capability. This paper mainly generalizes the author’s understandings of the system, especially from the aspects of thermodynamics, acoustics and fluid dynamics. Maybe the most...
Cryopreservation has emerged as a promising technology to provide the semipermanent storage of biomaterials widely used in assisted reproduction and cell therapy. A large portion of successful cryopreservation requires the combination of ultra-rapid cooling and appropriate low-toxicity cryoprotectant agents, which inhibits the formation of ice crystals that damages the cells lethally....
