The challenges posed by the forthcoming High-Energy Physics experiments, necessitate the development of particle detection technologies that are easily engineered and compatible with industrial-scale production. The micro-RWELL, a single-amplification stage resistive MPGD based on sequential build-up technology, effectively meets these demands. In this contribution, we provide an overview of...
The CYGNO experiment, a Gaseous TPC for directional Dark Matter searches
Davide Fiorina, on behalf of the CYGNO collaboration
The CYGNO/INITIUM project introduces an innovative approach to directional Dark Matter detection using a gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC). Targeting low mass (0.5-50 GeV) WIMPs, the experiment uses a He/CF4 gas mixture sensitive to both spin-dependent and...
Micro-pattern gas detectors (MPGDs) are widely used to measure particle momentum and trajectory in high-energy physics research. Operating at high pressures has expanded their ability to measure the energy spectrum of electrons and gamma rays at the MeV energy level, and have considerable prospects in the next generation of rare event searches and space astronomy experiments. For example, the...
A number of direct dark matter detection experiments invoke the Migdal effect to extend their sensitivities to sub-GeV masses; however, this effect has yet to be observed in nuclear scattering. The Migdal in Galactic Dark mAtter expLoration (MIGDAL) experiment aims to, for the first time, directly image and characterize the Migdal effect in nuclear scattering by recording high statistics of...
CYGNO/INITIUM is a directional TPC detector for low energy rare event searches with the purpose of detecting low mass (0.5-50 GeV/c2) WIMPs and performing solar neutrino spectroscopy. This project establishes itself by its strong directionality capabilities, the use of gaseous He:CF4 at atmospheric pressure, and optical readout.
In CYGNO detectors, the amplification is achieved by a stack...
Invited speech
Optical readout of MPGDs: applications and R&D
The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), due to start operations in 2029, aims to achieve instantaneous luminosities 5 to 7.5 times higher than the LHC nominal value. To effectively address the muon triggering and reconstruction performance under high background levels, the CMS collaboration is conducting several upgrades for the present systems. Among these, the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)...
ABSTRACT SUBMITTED BY THE ATLAS-MUON-SPEAKERS-COMMITTEE ON BEHALF OF THE ATLAS MUON COMMUNITY
THE SPEAKER NAME CAN ONLY BE COMMUNICATED AFTER THE SELECTION DONE UPON ACCEPTANCE OF THE CONTRIBUTION
After successfully completing Phase I upgrades during LHC Long Shutdown 2, the ATLAS detector is back in operation with several upgrades implemented. The most important and challenging upgrade...
In recent years, the near detector of the T2K experiment underwent an important upgrade of part of its equipment, which involved the construction of a set of new instruments. As a part of the upgrade, two gaseous TPCs, placed above and below the active target, will enable the study of particles generated at large angles by neutrino interactions. Each High Angle TPC (HA-TPC) includes a large...
Experiments at neutron spallation sources require detectors with specific features such as capability to sustain high count rates and high detection efficiency.
Gas detectors based on Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology distinguish themselves from other gaseous detectors thanks to their good spatial resolution, good detection efficiency, large surface covering and very high rate...
In response to the needs of cross-section measurement at the CSNS Back-n white neutron source, Multi-purpose Time Projection Chamber (MTPC) is constructed. As a gas detector, MTPC has the characteristics of large solid angle and high detection efficiency. Compared with traditional ionization chambers, MTPC uses a resistive micromegas readout at the anode. This design enables MTPC to have the...
A multi-TeV muon collider has been proposed as a powerful tool to explore the Standard Model with unprecedented precision, as a possible successor of the High-Luminosity LHC. The Muon Collider aims for precise Higgs boson coupling measurements and searches for new physics at the TeV scale, requiring accurate event reconstruction and particle identification. The Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA),...
Lucian Scharenberg on behalf of the CERN EP-DT-DD GDD team
To reconstruct the interaction position of particles, most MPGDs employ anode structures with strip pitches or pad sizes of hundreds of micrometres up to several millimetres. By using hybrid pixel ASICs with pixel pitches of typically 50 µm as readout anode, the granularity is increased significantly. This offers the possibility...
Invited speech
Future Colliders for High Energy Physics in China (CEPC & STCF)
Precise-timing detection techniques are in high demands for future particle physics experiments. PICOSEC Micromegas (MM) is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and a MM amplifying structure. Single-channel prototype has successfully achieved a sub-25ps time resolution with MIP, followed by ongoing developments to make the...
Imaging the detailed 3D topology of ionization in detectors is broadly desirable in nuclear and particle physics. Of particular interest is the directional detection of nuclear recoils from neutrinos or dark matter, which may prove critical for probing dark matter beneath the neutrino fog and affirming its galactic origin. Gaseous time projection chambers (TPCs) can provide the required...
Resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) technologies, such as Micro-Mesh Gaseous Structure (Micromegas), Micro Resistive WELL (uRWELL), and Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL), are single-stage amplification detectors where signals are induced on the readout electrode through a resistive material. While these technologies have been extensively studied for various applications, their...
Optical readout of MPGDs achieves high spatial resolution with state-of-the-art pixellated imaging sensors for applications ranging from optical Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) to imaging and detector characterisation. Gas mixtures containing CF4 are the most popular choice for optically read out MPGDs due to their strong visible light yield. This presents challenges due to decreasing...
Invited speech
China’s underground laboratories have emerged as key players in the global effort to explore fundamental physics. The Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), situated deep within the mountains of Sichuan, hosts several cutting-edge experiments. The PandaX-4T experiment, employing a two-phase liquid xenon detector, leads the search for dark matter and precision neutrino...
The Micro-Resistive Groove (μRGroove) is a single-stage MPGD featuring a groove amplification pattern. When developed into a cylindrical structure, it requires only two cylinders (electrodes) with independent support foams, offering advantages such as a simple structure, easy installation, and high mechanical strength. Additionally, the cathode of μRGroove can serve as a 1D readout strip...
This presentation provides a full review of the R&D for the µ-RWELL technology for the FCC-ee application, with the report
on update on the detector optimization, on the studies to improve the ASIC, and on the evaluation of the proposed performance within the IDEA framework
In the IDEA experiment, µ-RWELL technology is proposed for the muon systems and the pre-shower. This MPGD exploits a...
The DLC-RPC, a thin resistive plate chamber based on diamond-like carbon (DLC) electrodes, is being developed for further background suppression in the MEG II experiment. The detector should have ultra-low mass ((< 0.1~\%~X_0)) and high-rate capability (up to (3~\rm{MHz/cm^2})) due to high-intensity ((7 \times 10^7~/\rm{s})) and low-momentum ((28~{\rm MeV/}c)) muon beam passing...
The Back-n White Neutron Source at CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) has advantages of high flux and wide energy spectrum, which makes it a powerful facility for nuclear data measurement and neutron resonance transmission imaging. To promote the applications, a project, Multi-purpose Time Projection Chamber (MTPC), was proposed by the CSNS Back-n group. The MTPC, using Micromegas Detector...
The observation of gamma rays in the MeV energy band is crucial to astronomical research. There are fantastic scientific opportunities on dark matter detection, cosmic ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy via MeV gamma ray observations. MeV Gamma ray Telescope (MeGaT) is a new generation of high-resolution space MeV gamma ray detection telescopes by using Time Projection Chamber (TPC)...
The Apparatus for Mesons and Baryon Experimental Research (AMBER, NA66) is a high-energy physics experiment at CERN’s M2 beam line at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Its broad physics program extends beyond 2029. Measurements of the anti-proton production cross-section on He, proton, and Deuterium to support the dark matter searches, the charge-radius of the proton to contribute to the...
Spurious signals caused by microdischarges are a known effect inherent to all gaseous detectors, namely micropattern gaseous detectors. During the reconstruction in imaging and tracking detectors, such as time projection chambers (TPC), these signals are added to the actual track-generated signal as extra pixels or clusters, compromising the performance of the detector. We study the capability...
The former Outer Tracker of LHCb/CERN based on gas-filled straw-tubes has been kindly donated to GSI for further use in experiments at GSI and at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) and predominantly in PANDA, the anti-Proton ANnihilation in DArmstadt.
This formidable gaseous tracking detector of LHCb employed in LHC Run 1 and Run 2 performed continuously and above...
The μTPC (micro time projection chamber) is a working mode in MPGD which has mm-level gas gap for particle energy deposition. Similar to TPC, the μTPC method measures the signal time of each readout channel and calculates the corresponding drift distance. By reconstructing the track segment in the gas gap, the spatial resolution is significantly better than that of the charge centroid method,...
This presentation introduces a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) system based on Micromegas, designed for low background α and β detection. The system comprises a TPC and an anti-coincidence Micromegas detector, both manufactured using a thermal bonding method. Additionally, the system includes a power module, front-end electronics, and back-end electronics, all integrated to achieve high...
Micromegas detectors have been widely studied and applied in high-energy physics experiments due to their advanced performances such as high spatial resolution, high counting rate, radiation resistance, and cost-effectiveness, since its invention in the 1990s. In response to the performance requirements of different experiments, high-performance, large-area Micromegas detectors and their mass...
The large area and high spatial resolution of particle detection are important aspects in the research and application of MPGD. Currently, there is no satisfactory technological solution to address these challenges, particularly in achieving long-term stable, high-resolution readout of large area detectors, and managing high irradiation background and counter rates. In this study, we utilized...
The Super τ-Charm Facility (STCF) is a high-luminosity electron-positron collider under development in China, following the BEPCII. The STCF requires better particle identification for charged hadrons within its energy range, necessitating a ≥3σ resolution for π/K identification at momentum ranges of 2GeV/c and below. To meet these stringent requirements, a Cherenkov detector has been selected...
SU-8 is a high-contrast, epoxy-based photoresist designed for micromachining and other microelectronic applications where a thick, chemically, and thermally stable image is desired.μGroove is a high-performance single-stage MPGD featuring a groove amplification pattern, typically fabricated by chemical etching. In this study, we present the process of μGroove with smaller amplification units...
Cosmic ray muons tomography is a non‐destructive imaging technique that uses the natural radiation of cosmic ray muons to create tomographic images of objects. Here presents a novel imaging algorithm that effectively utilizes experimental measurement data to achieve rapid and clear imaging of cosmic ray muons. A clear image can be obtained with only 20 min of measurement time and approximately...
Muon imaging technology is an innovative imaging technique that can be applied in volcano imaging, heavy nuclear material detection, and archaeological research. The Micromegas detector is a promising choice for muon imaging due to its high spatial resolution and large area. However, the large number of readout channels poses a challenge for electronics. A highly integrated front-end...
To meet the needs of high count rate and high time resolution in future high energy physics experiments, a prototype of gas photodetector with RPC structure was developed. Garfield++ simulated the detector's performance, and the single photoelectron performance of different mixed gases was tested with an ultraviolet laser. The detector uses a low resistivity () float glass so that it's rate...
This report presents an investigation on the calibration of anode plate of the Multi-purpose Time Projection Chamber (MTPC). MTPC mainly acquires the energy of the emitted particles from the responsed pad. The energy information on the pad mainly depends on the gain uniformity. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the electron avalanche gain and the energy resolution of MTPC. The Micromegas...
The multi-purpose time projection chamber (MTPC), which is designed for measuring neutron nuclear data of varied field, is fabricated at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Its drift region is flexible, ranging from 70mm to 150mm. Ionization electrons are avalanched and collected via a resistive Micromegas detector with 1521 readout channels. As timing precision plays an important role in...
Mirco Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) plays a vital role in particle detection at The Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou and the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility. The MPGD has amplification structures of a few micron meters. However, the pad size of the readout plane does not match the high granularity due to limitations on the integration level of readout electronics. To...
Abstract
Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors are cost-effective, enabling large-area, continuous charged-particle detection with less detection material. Their wide application and rapid development raise the demand for high sensitivity, integration, and resolution. Silicon pixel detector ASIC can be used as readout circuits for Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors, enabling accurate measurement and fast...
The High-energy Fragment Separator (HFRS), which is currently under construction, is a leading international radioactive beam device. It will significantly enhance the experimental capability in the medium-heavy nuclear region. Given the high-energy and high-intensity properties of HFRS, it is imperative to implement a highly reliable identification of nuclides at high counting rates (∼10 MHz)...
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection facility (HERD) is a part of the Chinese Cosmic Lighthouse Program in China’s Space Station, which will be launched in 2027. HERD is expected to work 10 years in orbit and will indirectly detect dark matter, measure cosmic rays and observe high-energy gamma rays. As a sub-detector of HERD, the transition radiation detector's (TRD) main scientific goal...
Nuclear physics using radioactive beams has been the most dynamic research area in nuclear science. A High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is currently under construction, and a cutting-edge High Energy Fragment Separator (HFRS) with high energy and intensity capabilities is being installed. HFRS is an important facility in the HIAF, located between BRing and SRing, with a...
Muography is a method for scanning a target object by analyzing how it interacts with muons. Indeed, the interaction mode depends on the energy of the incident muon, as well as the characteristics of the medium participating in the interaction. Electromagnetic interaction between cosmic muons and the atoms of the target object causes the trajectories of cosmic muons to deviate before reaching...
Prototypes capable of detecting UV photons using photocathode vapors and their characterization data are well-documented in the literature. However, no research has been found that explores the impact of different vaporization methods of these gas-phase photocathodes on their quantum efficiency and signal production capabilities. In this study, Ethylferrocene (EF) and TMAE photocathode vapors...
Invited speech
China spallation neutron source and neutron detectors
Cosmic MeV gamma-ray observation presents a valuable diagnostic tool for studying the universe. The "MeV gap", ranging from about 0.1-100 MeV, has not yet been observed with the same sensitivity as neighboring energies, leaving questions like the origin of gamma-ray and positron excesses toward the galactic inner region. Traditional nonlinear imaging methods using Compton circle superposition...
Development and Preliminary Results of a Large-Volume Time Projection Chamber for X-ray Polarimetry
Davide Fiorina, on behalf of the HypeX collaboration
We present the development and initial results of a large-volume, increased field-of-view Time Projection Chamber (TPC) designed for X-ray polarimetry. This instrument utilizes a triple-GEM detector with optical readout, combining a...
The Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) is widely used in high energy physics experiments due to its good spatial and temporal resolution, high rate capability, cost-effective, and suitability for mass production. The MPGD-based Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) detector is one of the candidates for the barrel part of the Particle Identification Detector (PIDB) at STCF. The total readout channel of...
The ATLAS/BNL VMM3a ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) was originally developed within the ATLAS New Small Wheel (NSW) upgrade and has been successfully integrated into the SRS (Scalable Readout System) of the RD51 collaboration. This integration provides a self-triggered continuous readout system for a wide range of gaseous detectors. Depending on the detector it is for example...
Cosmic ray muons possess strong penetrating power and do not pose ionizing radiation hazards, making them an ideal probe for detecting special materials and large structures. Muon imaging includes both transmission and scattering imaging. In recent years, a new method called muon metrology has been developed, focusing on fine spatial resolution and large-area detectors.
In this work, we have...
Invited speech
Quantum Information: From Test of Quantum Foundations to New Quantum Tuechnologies
The extension of the BESIII experiment (IHEP, Beijing) until 2030 was the reason for a program to improve both the accelerator and the detector. In particular, the current inner drift chamber suffers from aging and it is proposed to replace it with a detector based on cylindrical GEM (CGEM) technology.
The inner CGEM tracker consists of three coaxial layers of triple GEM. The tracker is...
Gas detectors are widely preferred in many research centers and industries, including CERN, due to their superior features such as rapid and sensitive detection, low radiation damage, and low cost. Currently, Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and Micromegas detectors are recognized in the literature as the most advanced members of the gas detector family. These microstructured gas-filled detectors...
The presented project aims to establish the use of single amplification stage resistive MPGD based on Micromegas technology, for a stable and efficient operation up to 10 MHz/cm2 particle rate. Key challenges include the miniaturization of readout elements (small pads at mm2 scale), the optimization of the spark protection system, and ensuring reliability and robustness during...
In the context of the Physics-Beyond Colliders initiative at CERN, AMBER (NA66) is a fixed-target experiment at M2 beam line of the SPS, devoted to various fundamental QCD measurements. Several upgrades of the spectrometer are planned for the medium and long-term AMBER program. Among the R&D plans, a portion of the COMPASS Multi-Wire Proportional Chambers (MWPCs) will be replaced to address...
High Spatial Resolution Time Projection Chamber Technology R&D for the Future Circular e+e- Collider
The future linear and circular electron positron colliders were been proposed as a Higgs and a high luminosity Z pole factory in last few years. The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) accelerator Technology Design Report (TDR) has been released in 2023. The baseline design of a...
The Near Detector of the T2K experiment at J-PARC has recently being upgraded in order to reduce the present systematic uncertainties affecting the oscillation parameters measurements and to exploit the increased neutrino beam power of the J-PARC complex.
One of the major improvement to the T2K ND280 detector consisted in the the integration of two large size (~ 3m3 each) new...
Ceramic GEM neutron detector and its applications at China Spallation Neutron Source
MicroPattern Gaseous Detectors for Particle Detection in Space
Application of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors in Space X-ray Polarimetry
The Sao Paulo University and the CEA Saclay IRFU teams are developing a new readout ASIC for MPGD detectors, named SALSA. This ASIC is meant to be versatile and adapted to different kinds of MPGD applications like tracking, time projection chambers or photon detection. This 64-channel chip, designed in the TSMC 65nm technology, will integrate preamplifier and shaper frontends with 12-bit per...
Progress on Readout Electronics for TPC for Large Collider Experiments
GEM based detectors have been historically operated using gas mixtures containing mainly Ar, CO2 and CF4. CO2 being a polyatomic gas is used as quenching gas to stop the release of secondary electrons following the primary multiplication. Quenching gases are usually heavy, organic molecules or diatomic molecule gases. In this contribution we explored the possibility of operating GEM devices...
MIMAC – 35 x 35 cm2 : 3D-nuclear recoil tracks detection for directional Dark Matter detection and Neutron spectroscopy
Observing nuclear neutrinoless double beta decay (0vbb) would be a revolutionary result in particle physics. Observing such a decay would prove that the neutrinos are their own antiparticles, help to study the absolute mass of neutrinos, explore the origin of their mass, and may explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe by lepton number violation. We propose developing a time...
In recent years, Resistive Micromegas detectors have undergone an intense R&D phase to ensure their technological advancements for safe operation under diverse experimental conditions. Both low and high-rate versions have matured to be employed in upgrades of current detectors, large apparatuses at future colliders, and applications beyond high-energy physics.
Thus far, the advancement and...
Gaseous Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) have distinct advantages in a WIMP dark matter search, as well as other fields, owing to their ability to sense the highly directional nature of the signals [1,2]. How- ever, increasing the detector scale has presented technical challenges, especially electron diffusion over large drift distances. Electronegative TPC gases, such as SF6 [3] form negative...
In this work we present the latest results and applications of the SAMPA chip integrated into the Scalable Readout System (SRS). Developed to work as the Front-End of ALICE TPC and Muon Chamber, SAMPA is now adapted to the SRS framework developed by the RD51 (now DRD1) collaboration. Using a custom developed hybrid and adapter board it is possible to read data from up to 512 electronic...
