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Description
The encoded nuclear structures related to flow fluctuations can be investigated at a fixed impact parameter in ultra-relativistic ion collisions through the concept of factorization breaking. This phenomenon is explored by analyzing momentum-dependent correlations among flow harmonics across distinct kinematic bins, specifically in terms of pseudorapidity ($\eta$)[1] or transverse momentum ($pT$)[2]. The influence of various $\beta$ deformations on these momentum-dependent coefficients has been observed previously [3]. Our findings indicate a sensitivity to triaxiality for $pT > 1.5$ GeV in ultra-central U+U collisions. Notably, we find that the imprint of deformation is evident in the behavior of identified particles. We report a significant shift in the crossing point of observable ratios, specifically $\pi^{\pm}/p(\bar{p})$ and $\pi^{\pm}/K^{\pm}$. This new observable reveals that the crossing point occurs at higher $p_T$ values for quadrupole-deformed nuclei and higher ratio values for triaxiality in U+U and Au+Au collisions, as determined using the TRENTO+VISH(2+1D) framework. Furthermore, the structural effects can also be observed in lighter nucleus collisions, such as O+O and Ne+Ne (as well as O+Pb and Ne+Pb), which we propose for future LHC runs. Our analysis demonstrates that factorization breaking effectively differentiates between the structures of $^{16}O$ and $^{20}Ne$, as derived from the Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory (NLEFT) model, utilizing 3D-MCGlauber+Music simulations. It is noteworthy that the tendencies of identified particles exhibit significant differences compared to heavier nuclei, such as $^{238}U$ and $^{197}Au$.
[1] P. Bozek, W. Broniowski, and J. Moreira, Phys. Rev. C 83, 034911 (2011).
[2] F. G. Gardim, F. Grassi, M. Luzum, and J.-Y. Ollitrault, Phys. Rev. C 87, 031901 (2013).
[3] R. Samanta and P. Bozek, Phys.Rev.C 107 (2023) 5, 5.
