During its second run of operation (Run 2) which started in 2015, the LHC will deliver a peak instantaneous luminosity that may reach $2 \cdot 10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ with an average pile-up of about 55, far larger than the design value. Under these conditions, the online event selection is a very challenging task. In CMS, it is realized by a two-level trigger system: the Level-1 (L1) Trigger,...
The Phase I upgrade of the CMS pixel detector, installed by the CMS collaboration during the recent extended end-of-year technical stop, is built out of four barrel layers (BPIX) and three forward disks in each endcap (FPIX). It comprises a total of 124M pixel channels, in 1,856 modules and it is designed to withstand instantaneous luminosities of up to 2 x 10^34 cm-2 s-1 with increased...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a multi-purpose detector constructed in order to study high-energy particle collisions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The all-silicon design of the tracking system of the CMS experiment provided excellent resolution for charged tracks and an efficient tagging of jets during Run1 and Run2 of LHC.
As CMS upgraded and installed the pixel detector...
The tracking performance of the ATLAS detector relies critically on its 4-layer Pixel Detector, that has undergone significant hardware and software upgrades to meet the challenges imposed by the higher collision energy, pileup and luminosity that are being delivered by the Large Hadron Collider, with record breaking instantaneous luminosities of 1.3 x 10^34 cm-2 s-1 recently surpassed.
The...
The ATLAS trigger has been used very successfully for online event selection during the first part of the second LHC run (Run-2) in 2015/16 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The trigger system is composed of a hardware Level-1 trigger and a software-based high-level trigger. Events are selected based on physics signatures such as presence of energetic leptons, photons, jets or large...
The LHCb detector is a single-arm forward spectrometer, which has been designed for the efficient reconstruction decays of c- and b-hadrons. During the 2013-2015 long shut-down LHCb has introduced a novel real-time detector alignment and calibration strategy for LHC Run II. Data collected at the start of the fill are processed in a few minutes and used to update the alignment, while the...
KLOE-2 at the e$^+$e$^-$ DA$\Phi$NE collider, is the main experiment of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) and is the first high-energy experiment using the GEM technology with a cylindrical geometry, a novel idea developed at LNF exploiting the kapton properties. The experiment is the continuation of KLOE, upgraded with state-of-the-art technology to improve its discovery...
The SoLid short baseline reactor neutrino experiment consists of a highly segmented plastic scintillator detector with a fiducial mass of 2 ton. Its main purpose is to prove or rule out the existence of sterile neutrinos corresponding to $\delta_{M^2}$ values of order 1eV$^2$. The covered baseline ranges between 6 and 9 meters and is in-line with the compact core of the 60MW BR2 reactor of the...
The NA62 experiment at CERN SPS aims to measure the Branching Ratio of the very rare kaon decay K+ -> pi+ nu nubar collecting ~100 events with a 10% background to make a stringent test of the Standard Model in two years of data taking.
The Calorimeter Level 0 Trigger is used to suppress one of the main backgrounds, the K+ -> pi+ pi0 decay, and to select events with a pi+ in the final...
The long-baseline neutrino programme has been classified as one of the four highest-priority scientific objectives in 2013 by the European Strategy for Particle Physics. The Neutrino Platform is the CERN venture to foster and support the next generation of accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments.
Part of the present CERN Medium-Term Plan, the Neutrino Platform provide facilities...
Following successful demonstrations of the potential of highly granular calorimeters by the CALICE collaboration, the emphasis of current R&D has shifted to the next generation of prototypes. Optimized for Particle Flow Algorithms (PFA) which will achieve unprecedented jet energy resolution at future colliders, this new generation of CALICE calorimeters also addresses full system requirements...
The Pixel Luminosity Telescope (PLT) is a dedicated system for luminosity measurement at the CMS experiment using silicon pixel sensors arranged into "telescopes", each consisting of three planes. It was installed during LS1 at the beginning of 2015 and has been providing online and offline luminosity measurements throughout Run 2. The online bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurement employs the...
The aim of the ATLAS Forward Proton (AFP) detector system is the measurement of protons scattered diffractively or
electromagnetically at very small angles. The first arm of the system was installed last year and AFP took data in several commissioning and physics runs. The installation of the second arm is ongoing and will be completed in time for the 2017 data taking period. This will allow...
In coming years the LHC is expected to undergo upgrades to increase both the energy of proton-proton collisions and the instantaneous luminosity. In order to cope with these more challenging LHC conditions, upgrades of the ATLAS trigger system will be required. This talk will focus on some of the key aspects of these upgrades. Firstly, the upgrade period between 2019-2021 will see an...
ATLAS has embarked on a major program of development in its offline software framework and the indexing of the data. In this paper we outline the motivations for such major changes, based on expected CPU evolution in the next decade, the increasing need to use memory more efficiently, and the increase of data volume expected for the LHC Run 3. The offline software framework, Athena will...
The current innermost stations of the ATLAS endcap muon tracking system (the Small Wheel) will be upgraded in 2019 and 2020 to retain the good precision tracking and trigger capabilities in the high background environment expected with the upcoming luminosity increase of the LHC. The upgraded detector will consist of eight layers each of Resistive Micromegas (MM) and small-strip Thin Gap...
The upcoming upgrade of the CERN LHC injectors during 2019-20 will boost the luminosity and the collision rate beyond the design parameters of several of the key ALICE detectors including the forward trigger detectors. The nominal Pb-Pb interaction and readout rate for ALICE after LS2 will reach 50 kHz. To face this challenge the Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) is being designed and...
The future of connectivity is wireless, and the HEP community is not an exception. The demand for high capacity data transfer continues to increase year over year at a significant rate. This is an on-going race where technology and applications developers push into higher and higher bandwidths. For example the tracking detectors require readout systems with several thousand links that has to...
Galaxy surveys require support from massive datasets in order to achieve precision estimations of cosmological parameters. The CosmoHub platform and SciPIC pipeline have been developed at the Port d'Informació Científica (PIC) to provide this support, achieving nearly interactive performance in the processing of multi-Terabyte datasets. Cosmology projects currently supported include ESA's...
Performance & validation of new developments of reconstruction algorithms of several hadronic objects using data collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are presented.
The jet energy and missing transverse momentum scales are measured in MC and data. A likelihood based discriminator is used to distinguish jets originating from quarks and gluons, and...
The identification of jets containing b-hadrons is key to many physics analyses at the LHC, including measurements
involving Higgs bosons or top quarks, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this contribution, the
most recent enhancements in the capability of ATLAS to separate b-jets from jets stemming from lighter quarks, and
the latest measurements to calibrate the...
The availability of computing resources is a limiting factor in data collection at the LHCb experiment, due to the high production rate of beauty and charm hadrons. For Run 2, LHCb has implemented a novel approach to make optimal use of these resources: The output of the first software trigger stage is buffered to disk and the second stage is executed asynchronously, using 100% of the...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will employ a uniquely large Liquid Argon Time Projection chamber as the main component of its Far Detector. It will include four 10kt modules which will include single and dual-phase Liquid Argon technologies.
In order to validate its design, an experimental program been initiated which includes a beam test of large-scale DUNE prototypes at CERN...
We present the plan for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) photon detector system and recent research and development work that has contributed to the design. DUNE will be composed of multiple liquid argon time projection chambers (TPCs). In order to determine the full 3D position of a particle in the detector its initial time must be known accurately. This initial time can be...
A High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presently being designed by the CMS collaboration to replace the existing end cap detectors. The HGCAL must be able to cope with the very high collision rates, imposing the development of novel filtering and triggering strategies, as well as with the harsh radiation environment of the High Luminosity LHC. In this talk we present an overview of the full...
Over the last years, machine learning tools have been successfully applied to a wealth of problems in high-energy physics.
A typical example is the classification of physics objects.
Supervised machine learning methods allow for significant improvements in classification problems by taking into account observable correlations and by learning the optimum selection from examples, e.g. from...
A new detector exploiting the technology of Cylindrical Gas Electron Multipliers (CGEM) has been proposed to replace the innermost tracker chamber of BESIII (Beijing Electron Spectrometer) experiment, which is suffering from aging due to the high luminosity of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII).
The CGEM Inner Tracker will deploy several new features w.r.t. other state-of-art GEM...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will integrate 10 times more luminosity than the LHC, posing significant challenges for radiation tolerance and event pileup on detectors, especially for forward calorimetry, and hallmarks the issue for future colliders. As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS collaboration is designing a High Granularity Calorimeter to replace the existing endcap...
The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment (CMS) is operating at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV center-of-mass energy and at a bunch spacing of 25 ns. Challenging running conditions for CMS are expected after the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC). We review the design and R&D studies for the CMS ECAL crystal...
The ATLAS detector was designed and built to study proton-proton collisions produced at the LHC at centre-of-mass energies up to 14 TeV and instantaneous luminosities up to $10^{34} \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. A liquid argon (LAr)-lead sampling calorimeter is employed as electromagnetic calorimeter and hadronic calorimeter, except in the barrel region, where a scintillator-steel...
LHCb is one of the four main experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, focused on the study of CP violation and rare decays of b and c quarks. The Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system is a crucial component of the LHCb experiment providing identification of charged particles over a large momentum range (2-100 GeV/c) and angular acceptance (15-300 mrad). The LHCb RICH performed...
DarkSide-20k is a proposed 20 tonne fiducial mass liquid argon TPC that will perform an instrumental background-free search for WIMP dark matter. The TPC will be outfitted with more than 125,000 silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) grouped into 5210 single-channel, $25\ {\rm cm}^2$ photosensors that are sensitive to single photoelectrons, and will be filled with low radioactivity Argon extracted...
The direct observation of high-energy cosmic rays, up to the PeV region, will depend on highly performing calorimeters, and the physics performance will be primarily determined by their geometrical acceptance and energy resolution.Thus, it is fundamental to optimize their geometrical design, granularity, and absorption depth,with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, probably the most...
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) are standard sensors widely employed for applications in which high sensitivities and fast responses in the detection of low fluxes of visible and UV photons are required.
The Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), is involved in a R&D project for SiPM sensors sensitive to near UV wavelengths.
The...
In this contribution we will present the progresses toward the construction of a silicon tracking system able to measure the passage of charged particles with a combined precision of ∼ 10 ps and ∼ 10 μm, either using a single type of sensor, able to concurrently measure position and time, or a combination of position and time sensors.
The recent development of controlled multiplications in...
At present most experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
are planning upgrades in the next 5-10 years for their innermost
tracking layers as well as luminosity monitors to be able to take data
as the luminosity increases and CERN moves toward the High Luminosity-LHC
(HL-LHC). These upgrades will most likely require more radiation
tolerant technologies than exist today. As a result...
The COMET experiment at J-PARC aims to search for the charged lepton flavor violating process of neutrinoless muon to electron conversion with an improvement of a sensitivity by a factor of 10000 to the current limit, in order to explore the parameter region predicted by most of well-motivated theoretical models beyond the Standard Model. When the muon to electron conversion occurs, almost all...
With the growing diffusion of resistive Micromegas detectors in HEP experiments the study of long-term aging behaviour is becoming more and more relevant.
Two resistive bulk-Micromegas detectors were installed in May 2015 at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility exposed to an intense gamma irradiation with the aim to study the detector behavior under high irradiation and the long-term...
A prototype of a luminometer, designed for a future e+e− collider detector, and consisting at present of a four-plane module, was tested in the CERN PS accelerator T9 beam. The objective of this beam test was to demonstrate a multi-plane operation, to study the development of the electromagnetic shower and to compare it with MC simulations. In addition, the effective Molière radius of this...
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will measure the charged-lepton flavor violating (CLFV) neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus. This process results in a mono-energetic electron with an energy slightly below the muon rest mass (104.967 MeV). Mu2e will improve the previous measurement by four orders of magnitude using a new technique, reaching a...
The LHC machine is planning an upgrade program which will smoothly bring the luminosity at about 5*10^34cm-2s-1 in 2028, to possibly reach an integrated luminosity of 3000fb-1 by the end of 2037. This High Luminosity LHC scenario, HL-LHC, will require a preparation program of the LHC detectors known as Phase-2 upgrade. The current CMS Outer Tracker, already running beyond design...
In the high luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the instantaneous luminosity is expected to reach unprecedented values, resulting in about 200 proton-proton interactions in a typical bunch crossing. To cope with the resultant increase in occupancy, bandwidth and radiation damage, the ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon system, the Inner Tracker (ITk),...
The ALICE experiment at CERN is built to study the properties of the strongly interacting matter created in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. A major upgrade of its Inner Tracking System (ITS) is currently undergoing, which will increase the data taking capability by more than two orders of magnitude. At the same time, the secondary vertexes reconstruction precision will improve by at least a...
The largest gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) in the world, the ALICE TPC, will be upgraded based on Micro Pattern Gas Detector technology during the second long shutdown of the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2019/20. The upgraded detector will operate continuously without the use of a triggered gating grid. It will thus be able to record all minimum bias Pb-Pb collisions that the LHC will...
The Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment will measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 parts per billion, which is a factor of four improvement over the previous E821 measurement at Brookhaven. The experiment will also extend the search for the muon’s electric dipole moment (EDM) by approximately two orders of magnitude with a sensitivity down to 10$^{-21}$ e.cm. Both of...
The LHCb detector at the LHC is a general purpose detector in the forward region with a focus on reconstructing decays of c- and b-hadrons. For Run III (2021 onwards) of the LHC, LHCb will take data at an instantaneous luminosity of 2 × 10^{33} cm−2 s−1, five times higher than in Run II (2015-2018). To cope with the harsher data taking conditions, the LHCb collaboration will upgrade the DAQ...
The CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) mission will investigate the structure and the dynamic of the topside ionosphere, will monitor electric and magnetic field and high energy particle fluctuations, searching for their correlations with the geophysical activity, in order to contribute to the monitoring of earthquakes from space.
The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) is one of...
The SiD Detector is one of two validated detector designs for the future International Linear Collider. SiD features a compact, cost-constrained design for precision Higgs and other measurements, and sensitivity to a wide range of possible new phenomena. A robust silicon vertex and tracking system, combined with a 5 Tesla central solenoidal field, provides excellent momentum resolution. The...
The proposed Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will provide
electron-positron collisions with centre-of-mass energy operation in
three stages from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. This offers a rich
precision physics program combined with high sensitivity to a wide range
of possible new phenomena. The precision required for such measurements
and the specific conditions imposed by the beam bunch...
The ICARUS T600 detector is the largest LAr-TPC operated to date. It performed a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratories, studying neutrino oscillations with the CNGS neutrino beam from CERN, and searching for atmospheric neutrino interactions in cosmic rays.
After an intense refurbishing operation, the entire apparatus will be transferred to FNAL (USA), were...
The Baby MIND detector under construction at CERN will measure the momentum and charge of muons from neutrino interactions in the WAGASCI neutrino targets. The WAGASCI experiment, referred to as T59 at J-PARC, will measure the ratio of neutrino interaction cross-sections on water and plastic using a three-dimensional grid structure providing large angular acceptance. The Baby MIND consists of...
The T2K neutrino oscillation experiment established the $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ appearance with only 10\% of the original beam request of $7.8\times10^{21}$ 30 GeV protons on target (p.o.t.). In view of the J-PARC program of upgrades of the beam intensity, the T2K-II proposal requires to run up to $20\times10^{21}$ p.o.t., i.e. an increase of the exposure by more than a factor 10 aimed at...
The present CMS muon system operates three different detector types: in the barrel drift tubes (DT) and resistive plate chambers (RPC), along with cathode strip chambers (CSC) and another set of RPCs in the forward regions. In order to cope with increasingly challenging conditions various upgrades are planned to the trigger and muon systems.
In view of the operating conditions at HL-LHC, it...
