The ATLAS detector was designed and built to study proton-proton collisions produced at the LHC at centre-of-mass energies up to 14 TeV and instantaneous luminosities up to 1034 cm−2 s−1. Liquid argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters are employed for all electromagnetic calorimetry in the pseudo-rapidity region |η| < 3.2, and for hadronic calorimetry in the region from |η| = 1.5 to |η| = 4.9. In...
The final phase of the CMS Hadron Forward Calorimeters Phase I upgrade was performed during the Extended Year End Technical Stop of 2016 – 2017. In the framework of the upgrade, the PMT boxes were reworked to implement two channel readout in order to exploit the benefits of the multi-anode PMTs in background tagging and signal recovery. The front-end electronics were also upgraded to...
The LHCb calorimeter system plays a key role in the hardware trigger of the experiment and also serves the measurement of radiative heavy flavor decays and neutral mesons. Placed 12 meters from the interaction region, the system is composed of four elements: a plane of scintillating tiles followed by a pre-shower detector used for particle identification, a shashlik ECAL and a sampling...
Many physics analyses using the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the LHC require accurate, high resolution electron and photon energy measurements. Particularly important are decays of the Higgs boson resulting in electromagnetic particles in the final state, as well as searches for very high mass resonances decaying to energetic photons or electrons. Following the excellent performance...
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab searches for the charged-lepton flavour violating neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of a aluminum nucleus. The dynamics of such a process is well modelled by a two-body decay, resulting in a mono-energetic electron with an energy slightly below the muon rest mass (104.967 MeV). If no events are observed in three years of...
A shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter will be produced in Hall A of Jefferson Laboratory for Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID). WLS fiber and clear fiber will be used as the light guide part of the calorimeter. The blue light from scintillators is converted into green light by WLS fibers and is carried out to the back of the calorimeters for readout. Since the magnetic field reaches...
We will introduce observation technique, future plan and report current results of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment to research Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs).
The UHECR, highest energetic phenomena in the Universe, is crucially important to solve mysteries in modern astrophysics. The UHECRs can be observed with an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) which is an interaction of UHECR with...
The PADME experiment at the Frascati Beam-Test Facility (BTF) aim at searching for invisible decays of a dark photon A’, by measuring the missing mass in fixed-target annihilations of a positron beam: e+ e- A’. The measurement requires a precise determination of the momentum of the recoil photon, performed by means of a highly-segmented, high-resolution and low-threshold BGO crystal...
In particle physics experiments, the quality of calorimetric particle detection is typically considerably worse for hadrons than
for electromagnetic showers. In this talk, I will discuss the root causes of this
problem and evaluate two different methods that have been exploited to remedy this situation: compensation and dual-readout. It turns out that the latter approach is more promising, as...
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the hadronic sampling calorimeter of ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). TileCal uses iron absorbers and scintillators as active material and it covers the central region |η| < 1.7. Jointly with the other calorimeters it is designed for measurements of hadrons, jets, tau-particles and missing transverse energy. It also assists in muon...
The calibration of energy scale of the CMS Hadron Calorimeter is performed using isolated charged hadrons. This approach can be applied in the areas covered by the tracking system, which allows high-precision measurement of the momenta of charged particles. The performance of the calibration procedure is discussed including the impact of pileup and the developed technique of correction for...
Particle Flow Algorithms (PFAs) attempt to measure each particle in a hadronic jet individually, using the component or detector subsystem providing the best energy/momentum resolution. The application of PFAs has been shown to achieve energy resolutions of 3 – 4% for hadronic jets produced in a future lepton collider. In this context the CALICE collaboration developed the Digital Hadron...
The ILD silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ILD Si-W ECAL) is a sampling calorimeter with tungsten absorber and highly segmented silicon layers to achieve precise jet energy measurements by particle flow concept. While CALICE is centered on the single ECAL Active Sensor Unit (ASU) prototype and its tests, specific R&D is going on larger scale detector approaching the size of an ILD...
The successful running of the technological prototype of the Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimter (SDHCAL) proposed to equip the future ILD detector of the ILC has provided excellent results in terms of energy linearity and resolution and also tracking capabilities. Stability with time of the prototype is also successfully tested.
To validate completely the SDHCAL option for ILD, a new R&D...
The Tile Calorimeter is the hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. It is a scintillator-steel sampling calorimeter read out via wavelength shifting fibers coupled to photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The PMT signals are digitized and stored on detector until a trigger is received. The High-Luminosity phase of LHC (HL-LHC)expected to...
In 2019-2020, the LHCb collaboration will enter into the Phase I upgrade. The goal is to increase the working luminosity up to 2·1033 cm-2s-1. To achieve this, the hardware based Level 0 trigger will be replaced by a full software trigger. All the events will be read out; the event reconstruction and selection will be done in real time at a large CPU farm.
In the first part of the talk, the...
The expected increase of the particle flux at the high luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) with instantaneous luminosities up to L ≃ 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s-1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector performance. The pile-up is expected to increase on average to 200 interactions per bunch crossing. The reconstruction and trigger performance for electrons, photons as well as jets and...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will integrate 10 times more luminosity than the LHC, posing significant challenges for radiation tolerance and event pileup on detectors, especially for forward calorimetry, and hallmarks the issue for future colliders. As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS collaboration is designing a High Granularity Calorimeter to replace the existing endcap...
Within the CALICE collaboration, several concepts for the hadronic calorimeter of a future linear collider detector are studied. After having demonstrated the capabilities of the measurement methods in "physics prototypes", the focus now lies on improving their implementation in "engineering prototypes", that are scalable to the full linear collider detector. The Analog Hadron Calorimeter...
The circular electron and positron collider (CEPC) was proposed as a future Higgs factory. To meet the physics requirements, a particle flow algorithm-oriented calorimeter system with high energy resolution and precise reconstruction is considered. A sampling calorimeter with scintillator-tungsten structure is selected as one of the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) options due to its good...
The Dual-Readout calorimetry, developed to overcome the main limiting factor in hadronic energy measurements, has been thoroughly investigated by the DREAM/RD52 collaboration during the last 15 years. The latest results show that very interesting performance may be obtained for both e.m. and hadronic showers, together with excellent standalone e/π separation. These results and the plans (and...
The luminosity of the Future Linear Colliders will be measured by counting Bhabha scattering events at low angles coincident in the two calorimeters (LumiCal) located symmetrically at opposite sides of the interaction point. The LumiCal has been designed as a 30 layers sampling calorimeter with tungsten as absorbel and silicon sensors. Each silicon layer composed of 12 tails with 256 pads. In...
The CALICE collaboration develops highly granular calorimeters for present and future collider experiments. Among the physics prototypes already tested extensively in particle beams are Silicon-Tungsten (SiW ECAL) and Scintillator-Tungsten (Sc ECAL) electromagnetic calorimeters and a scintillator – SiPM based analog hadron calorimeter (AHCAL). These prototypes were operated together in hadron...
Increasing precision requirements on particle reconstruction in future collider experiments ask for calorimeter systems with a high granularity. These calorimeters offer a unique and detailed view into electromagnetic and hadronic particle showers. We have performed test measurements with a digital Si-W electromagnetic calorimeter prototype using high granularity Monolithic Active Pixel...
CALICE scintillator ECAL module which consists of a scintillator strip layer and an embedded electronics layer will be reported. In total 144 scintillator strips whose dimentions (5mmx45mmx2mm thick) are covering 18cm x 18cm surface, where the same size ECAL base unit called EBU, is located behind the strip layer equipping 144 photo-sensors and front end read out system. The amplifier,...
It is widely expected that the non-linear growth of parton densities at low x predicted from linear QCD evolution will lead to gluon saturation. As a decisive probe of gluon saturation, the measurement of forward (3.5 < y < 5) direct photons in a new region of low x (10-5 - 10-6) in proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC is proposed. An extremely high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter is...
A status report about the options considered for the electromagnetic calorimeter for the Hidden
Sector Detector of the SHiP experiment will be presented. A “cheap” sampling calorimeter is under
design with an unusual requirement that it be able, standalone, to reconstruct the vertex and
momentum of an unknown particle decaying into final states with only 2 or more photons, produced
between 5...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will require a significant upgrade of the readout electronics for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL). The Very Front-End (VFE) output signal will be sampled at 160 MS/s (i.e. four times the current sampling rate) with a 13 bits resolution. Therefore, a high-speed, high-resolution ADC is required. Moreover, each readout channel will produce 2.08 Gb/s,...
The LHC high-luminosity upgrade in 2024-2026 requires the associated detectors to operate at luminosities about 5-7 times larger than assumed in their original design. The pile-up is expected to increase to up to 200 events per proton bunch-crossing.
The current readout of the ATLAS Liquid Argon (LAr) Calorimeters does not provide sufficient buffering and bandwidth capabilities to accommodate...
The High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), presently being designed by the CMS collaboration to replace the CMS endcap calorimeters for the High Luminosity phase of LHC, will feature six million channels distributed over 52 longitudinal layers. The requirements for the front-end electronics are extremely challenging, including high dynamic range (0-10 pC), low noise (~2000e- to be able to...
The International Large Detector (ILD) is one of two detector concepts of International Linear Collider (ILC). The ILD silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ILD Si-W ECAL) is a sampling calorimeter with tungsten absorber and highly segmented silicon layers to achieve precise jet energy measurements by particle flow concept. Readout ASICs should be embedded between absorber and...
The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter utilizes scintillating lead tungstate crystals, with avalanche photodiodes (APD) as photodetectors in the barrel part. The high voltage system, consisting of 1224 channels, biases groups of 50 APD pairs, each at a voltage of about 380 V. The sensitivity of the APD gain to the bias voltage is 3%/V. A stability of better than 60 mV is therefore required to...
During the second run of operation, the LHC delivers proton-proton collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with a peak instantaneous luminosity of $1.5 \cdot
10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ in 2016, almost double the peak luminosity reached during
Run-1 and far larger than the design value. To maintain acceptance for proton and
heavy ion collision events of interest without exceeding the 100...
The NA62 experiment at CERN SPS accelerator studies the ultra-rare decays of charged kaons. The high-resolution Liquid Krypton (LKr) electromagnetic calorimeter is a key component of the experiment photon-veto system. The LKr readout system comprises 14 thousand 14-bit ADC acquisition channels, 432×1 Gbit Ethernet data request and readout links routed to the experiment computer farm. The...
The upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) scheduled for a shut-down period of 2019-2020, referred to as the Phase-I upgrade, will increase the instantaneous luminosity to about three times the design value. Since the current ATLAS trigger system does not allow sufficient increase of the trigger rate, an improvement of the trigger system is required. The Liquid Argon (LAr) Calorimeter...
In view of the LHC results, in order to mitigate the cost of an ILC or at least to spread
it in time, the prospect of a staged development for ILC takes consistence.
An initial phase at an energy of about 250 GeV is strongly considered with a hope to go
to 380 GeV or even 500. A rather long stay at low energy suggests to revisit the detector
design for an optimisation which weighs more...
The physics reach and feasibility of the hadron-hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) with a centre of mass energies up to 100 TeV and unprecedented luminosities is currently under investigation. We will present the current baseline technologies for the calorimeter system of the FCC-hh reference detector: a liquid argon (LAr) electromagnetic and a scintillator-steel (Tile) hadronic...
Future digital and semi-digital hadron calorimeters, will consist of 40-50 layers of thin
sampling elements interposed between absorber planes. The total area coverage of such
elements could reach a few thousands of square meters, thus requiring robust, cost-
effective solutions. The thin, single-element Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector
concept could be an effective solution for DHCAL,...
The data acquisition software, EUDAQ1, was originally developed to read out
data from beam telescope systems. This was successfully used in many
beam tests in which an external position reference was required. The
software has recently undergone a significant upgrade, EUDAQ2, ensuring that
it is agnostic to the hardware and is a generic, modular system for use by
many detectors, including...
The upgrade of the calorimeters for the HL-LHC or for future colliders requires an extensive programme of tests to qualify different detector prototypes with dedicated test beams. A common data-acquisition system (called H4DAQ) was developed for the H4 test beam line at the North Area of the CERN SPS in 2014 and it has since been adopted by an increasing number of teams involved in the CMS...
Online Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) is a central tool for the good operation of High Energy Physics experiments. Most of these experiments develop their own DQM solutions on top of the Event Data Model (EDM) specific to their detector. This leads to a strong dependency on the data format and make the reusability of the DQM tools for other detectors difficult.
We developed a generic online...
Pyrame3 is the new version of the Pyrame framework, with emphasize on the online data treatment and the complex tasks scripting. A new mechanism has been implemented to allow any module to treat and publish data in real time. This data is made available to any requesting module. A circular buffer mechanism allows to break the real-time constraint and to serve the slower programs in a generic...
In the context of calorimetry R&D activities developed in the CALICE Collaboration, in synergy with the ILD experiment, and in the AIDA2020 project, one of the important goals is the construction of a new prototype of the Semi-digital Hadron Calorimeter (SDHCAL) with large chambers (similar to the largest proposed for the ILD) using new electronics and a mechanical structure built with the...
The ILD silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ILD Si-W ECAL) is a sampling calorimeter with tungsten absorber and highly segmented silicon layers to achieve precise jet energy measurements by particle flow concept. In this context, we started to study the impact of environmental loads on the Electromagnetic CALorimeter (ECAL) barrel detector. This ECAL barrel consists of several...
In the last 40 years, use of scintillation inorganic materials based calorimeters has played a crucial role in the discovery of matter properties and contributed to a continuous progress in this technique. Physicists had built a variety of detectors: small detectors based on NaI(Tl), CsI(Na), BaF2, PbF2, and Bi4Ge3O12 and large detectors such as the electromagnetic calorimeter of CMS,...
The upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), which will operate at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), will achieve a timing resolution of around 30 ps for high energy photons and electrons. In this talk we will discuss the benefits of precision timing for the ECAL event reconstruction at HL-LHC. Simulation studies focused on the...
The expected increase of the particle flux at the high luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) with instantaneous luminosities up to L ≃ 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS deetctor performance. The pile-up is expected to increase on average to 200 interactions per bunch crossing resulting in a vertex density that can be larger than 1.5 per mm.
The reconstruction and...
The Particle Flow approach to calorimetry requires highly granular calorimeters and sophisticated software in order to reconstruct and identify individual particles in complex event topologies. Within the CALICE collaboration, several concepts for highly granular calorimeters are studied. The Analog Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) concept is a sampling calorimeter of tungsten or steel absorber...
The physics research on the future International Linear Collider(ILC) needs both state-of-the-art detectors and dedicated software with high performance. In this article, a software to reconstruct final state particles in the jet environment, ArborPFA, is elaborated. Using multiple pattern recognition algorithms and the high granularity of calorimeters, particles are reconstructed by...
CALICE collaboration is developing highly granular calorimeters suitable for individual
reconstruction of particles in the jets and for Particle Flow Algorithms. Such calorimeters
should provide the best jet energy resolution at future high energy e + e - colliders. At high jet
energies, typically above 100 GeV, the jet particle showers start to overlap, and the
resolution is determined by the...
Future circular and linear colliders as well as the Large Hadron Collider in the High-Luminosity era have been imposing unprecedented challenges on the radiation hardness of particle detectors that will be used for specific purposes e.g. forward calorimeters, beam and luminosity monitors. We perform research on the radiation-hard active media for such detectors, particularly calorimeters, in...
As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, CMS is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter
(HGCAL) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The HGCAL will be realised as a
sampling calorimeter, including an electromagnetic compartment comprising 28 layers of
silicon pad detectors with pad areas of 0.5 - 1.0 cm 2 interspersed with absorbers.
Prototype modules, based on 6-inch hexagonal silicon...
We report on the first LHC collision data taken with a 20 degree wedge of
the CMS Hadron Calorimeter Endcap instrumented with SiPMs and the QIE
ASIC version 11 front-end chip.
Operational experience is reported on temperature and gain stability of the
SiPMs. The performance of the front-end ASIC and digital readout are also
presented. The light loss from the darkening of the CMS HCAL...
During the so-called Phase-II Upgrade the CMS experiment at CERN will undergo significant improvements to cope with a 10-fold increase in luminosity of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era. Especially the forward calorimetry will then suffer from very high radiation levels and intensified pile-ups in the detectors. Thus, the CMS collaboration is designing a High Granularity Calorimeter to...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will integrate 10 times more luminosity than the LHC, posing significant challenges for radiation tolerance, especially for forward calorimetry, and hallmarks the issue for future colliders. As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS collaboration is designing a High Granularity Calorimeter to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The upgrade includes...
The harsh radiation environment in which detectors will have to operate during the High Luminosity phase of The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS experiment at the LHC is a homogeneous calorimeter made of 75848 lead tungstate (PbWO_4) scintillating crystals, designed for high precision electron and photon energy measurements in hadron collisions at the TeV scale. The detailed...
The design and optimization of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter(ECAL) are crucial for the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) project, a proposed Higgs/Z factory with the total circumference of 100km. Following the reference design of the International Large Detector, a set of silicon-tungsten and scintillator-tungsten sampling ECAL geometries have been implemented into the Geant4...
The Geant4 Collaboration released a new generation of the Geant4 simulation toolkit (version 10) in December 2013. Since then, the Collaboration continues to improve its physics and computing performance and usability. This presentation will survey the major improvements made since version 10.0. On the physics side, it includes new multiple scattering models, Auger atomic de-excitation cascade...
We report on recent progress in the Geant4 electromagnetic (EM) physics sub-packages.
New interfaces and models introduced in Geant4 10.3 (December, 2016) are already
tried in LHC applications and may be useful for any type of Monte Carlo simulation.
Additional developments for EM physics are already available with the recent public
version Geant4 10.4beta (June, 2017) and will be included in...
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter technological prototype is a sampling calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chamber detectors with a three-threshold readout as the active medium. This technology is one of the two options proposed for the hadronic calorimeter of the International Large Detector for the International Linear Collider. The prototype was exposed to beams of muons,...
The Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a proposed 50 kton magnetised iron detector optimised for the detection of atmospheric muon neutrinos (and anti-neutrinos). These neutrinos interact with the target iron via both charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) interactions. The CC interactions produce a muon and hadrons in the final state,...
Ever increasing collision energies in current and future colliders demand for radiation hard calorimeters. Calorimeters based on secondary electron emission process from dynode metals was proposed in 1990s as radiation hard alternative to overcome this difficulty. Since the discovery of secondary emission of electrons from metal surfaces, there has been many approaches to quantify this process...
Abstract: The CALICE Semi-digital Hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) prototype with Glass Resistive Plate Chambers is the first technological prototype in a family of high-granularity calorimeters. It was exposed to beams of hadrons, electrons and muons several times on the CERN PS and SPS in 2012, 2015 and 2016. Based on the Boosted Decision trees method, we discuss the effect on the improvement...
