Pixel array detectors (PAD) are widely used in the synchrotron radiation facilities (SRF). This work aims to develop a common data acquisition (DAQ) system for PAD users. It provides the most essential functionalities such as data readout and real-time image display, and offers the customized functionalities including run control, data processing & transmission, event building, lossless...
We propose an algorithm, deployable on a highly-parallelized graph computing architecture, to perform rapid reconstruction of charged-particle trajectories in the high energy collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and future colliders. We use software emulation to show that the algorithm can achieve an efficiency in excess of 99.95% for reconstruction with good accuracy. The algorithm can be...
Proton Computed Tomography directly measures the proton stopping power in a patient to improve proton radiotherapy treatment plans. Conventionally the energy measurement in proton CT is performed via scintillators or range trackers which are limited to at most a few protons per readout cycle. We present here a proton CT device which utilises silicon strip trackers oriented at non orthogonal...
A custom large area (150 mm x 150 mm) microchannel plate (MCP) detector has been built to characterize the 30 keV proton source at the University of Manitoba (UofM), Canada. Two MCP plates from Incom, Inc. are arranged in the chevron configuration to provide a gain of $\sim10^6$. The detector is constructed using vacuum compatible materials and is operated in a $\sim10^{-7}$ Torr vacuum. A...
The Mu2e Cosmic Ray Veto must veto cosmic-ray muons over a large area with an efficiency of 99.99\% in the presence of high background rates. It consists of 5,376 scintillator extrusions with embedded 1.4\,mm wavelength-shifting fibers coupled to $2{\times}2$\,mm$^2$ silicon photomultipliers. A custom readout system consists of: (1) small circuit board, the Counter Mother Board, which...
A simple inexpensive read-out system has been developed for an RPC based muon imaging system. The Time-Over-Threshold property of the fast pre-amplification, discrimination chip NINO, can be utilized to measure the pulse-height and hence the charge content of a detector signal. The charge profile of an event can be obtained from the fired strips, which localizes the particle track. This...
Due to the increased luminosity, the background conditions at HL-LHC will be much harsher and can affect the performance of the RPC detector being used in CMS Experiment at LHC. In order to understand the sustainability of CMS-RPC system, a dedicated longevity study is ongoing at CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). For this study, few spare RPC detectors are being exposed to intense gamma...
The Associative Memory (AM) approach has been developed and used in the HEP experiments in terms of online track-finding based on silicon detector hits. We intend an extension of the AM approach to tracking with a drift-tube detector, taking advantage of the drift time information to define the AM pattern in the parameter space of observables. As a benchmark, our study demonstrates the...
It is important to understand how particle detector responses depend on the detailed location of an event in the detector volume. This can be particularly difficult to measure directly in cryogenic detectors because the cryostats in which they are operated generally restrict access. One solution is to develop in-situ calibration sources which can be moved without significant interruption to...
Artificially structured composites, also known as meta-materials can emerge with unusual electromagnetic (em) properties. Owing to Transformation Optics (TO) a variety of em-devices with extraordinary pre-designed functions can be defined. As the development of meta-materials progresses, many novel em-devices designed with TO have been experimentally demonstrated and used in specific...
Liquid Argon sampling calorimeters are employed by ATLAS for all electromagnetic calorimetry. After successful operation in Run-1, Run-2 of the LHC started in 2015 and approximately 150fb$^{-1}$ of data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV was recorded. With the end of Run-2 in 2018 a multi-year shutdown for the Phase-I detector upgrades was begun.
As part of the Phase-I upgrade, new...
The design for the Level-0 endcap muon trigger of the ATLAS experiment at High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the status of the development are presented. In the upgraded trigger system, the track reconstruction is achieved on a pattern matching algorithm using hit information on the detectors and predefined lists of the hits corresponding to tracks. Hardware implementation is planned to be done...
The Large Hadron Collider is expected to increase its center-of-mass energy to 14 TeV for Run 3 scheduled from 2021 to 2023. In order to cope with the high event rate, an upgrade of the ATLAS trigger system is required. The Level-1 Endcap Muon trigger system identifies muons with high transverse momentum by combining data from a fast muon trigger detector. In the ATLAS Phase-I upgrade, new...
T2K is a long-baseline neutrino experiment in Japan that aims to observe CP violation in neutrino oscillations. The upgrade of the T2K near detector (ND280) is ongoing now.
In the ND280 upgrade, a new detector, SuperFGD, that reconstructs the tracks of charged particles from neutrino-nuclear interactions with very fine granularity is planned to be introduced. It consists of two million...
An RF-only ion funnel has been developed to efficiently extract single Ba ions from a high-pressure (10 bar) xenon gas into vacuum. Gas is injected into the funnel where ions are radially confined by an RF field while the neutral gas escapes. Residual gas flow alone transports the ions longitudinally through the funnel. In the downstream chamber the ions are detected while the Xe is captured...
The Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is being built at an elevation of 4410 meters in Haizi Mountain, Sichuan province of China. One of its main goals is to survey the northern sky for very high energy gamma ray sources via its ground-based Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA). WCDA is consisted of 3120 water detector cells, divided into 3 water ponds. A hemispherical...
The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is a fundamental instrument for these analyses and its energy resolution is crucial for the Higgs boson mass measurement. Recently the energy response of the calorimeter has been precisely calibrated exploiting the full Run2 data, aiming at a legacy reprocessing of the data. A dedicated calibration of each detector channel has been performed with...
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts for the detector(s) at the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. The technological prototype addresses technical...
As a precursor to setting up a Dark Matter (DM) direct search experiment involving scintillators at low temperatures, we have investigated the change in characteristic properties of the photon readout channel. Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM), known for its high gain, miniature size, and low mass was studied. Leakage current of SiPM was found to have sensitive dependence on the temperature and...
GEM has become a widely used technology for high-rate particle physics experiments. Radiation hardness, ageing resistance and discharge stability are the main criteria for long-term operation of such detectors. In particular, discharge is a serious issue as it may cause irreversible damages to the detector and readout electronics. The charge density inside the amplification region is the...
In this contribution the authors will present the result of two couples of tests performed on a
Single Wire Proportional Chamber (SWPC). During the first test the SWPC was irradiated with
X-rays and alpha particles sources with the same hit rate until the same integrated charge was
reached. Nevertheless the performance loss during the X-ray irradiation was larger, traces of
polymers were...
Monolithic particle detector is expected to be used in ATLAS upgrade project and CEPC. Results of monolithic chip with pixel size 250μm×50μm designed by CPPM using LFoundry 150nm technology show that the depleted HVCMOS sensor has good performance on particle detecting. To improve the spatial resolution, the research work of sensors with small pixel size of 50μm×50μm was performed, and its...
The High Luminosity upgrade of Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will increase LHC Luminosity by an order of magnitude increasing the density of particles on the detector by an order of magnitude. For protecting the inner detectors of experiments and for monitoring the delivered luminosity, a radiation hard beam monitor is being developed. We are developing a set of detectors based on...
In order to improve the jet energy resolution and particle identification of future high-energy physics experiments, the calorimeters of the detector systems need a fine 3-D segmentation. Depending on the size and technology, millions of individual channels consisting of a photosensor coupled to a scintillator tile have to be assembled. The usage of structured plastic scintillators with...
We investigated a fast time -resolved SiPM driver board that could be used in the CEPC-TOF and other large experimental facilities with high time resolution. General the commercial SiPM driver boards are only available for certain models of SiPM. And this kind of driver board is unique for single-channel testing in the laboratory. This obviously does not apply to batch testing in large...
The current-voltage (I-V) measurements were carried out on un-implanted and Iron (Fe) implanted n-type Silicon to establish and study a change in electrical properties of the diode with Fe doping concentration. The n-type silicon (n-Si) material was doped with Fe at fluences of 10^15,10^16 and 10^17 ion/cm^2 and schottky diodes were fabricated. The (I-V) data were used to determine the effect...
Time Projection Chamber is the main tracker of the Multi-Purpose Detector. The detector will operate at one of beam interaction points of the collider NICA and it is optimized to investigate both hot and dense baryonic matter. The TPC Front-End Electronics will operate with event rate up to 7 kHz at average luminosity 10^27 cm^-2s^-1 for gold collisions at √SNN = 9 GeV/n. The electronics is...
LEGEND (Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay) is a ton-scale $^{76}$Ge-based neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life greater than $10^{28}$ years.
The first 200-kg phase (LEGEND-200) is currently under construction and will start data taking in 2021. In order to achieve its projected half-life...
The TRIUMF Ultra-Cold Advanced Neutron (TUCAN) collaboration is currently developing a new ultra-cold neutron (UCN) source for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) search experiment. Finding a nonzero nEDM, or improving its current upper limit will shed light on the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) - given that any measurable nEDM violates CP-symmetry which is also a crucial...
KamLAND-Zen is a neutrinoless double-beta($0\nu2\beta$) decay search experiment using $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ installed to ultra-low background environment of KamLAND detector, which is composed mainly of liquid scintillator and photo multiplier tubes(PMT).
The most dominant source of background within the $0\nu2\beta$ decay region of interest is $2\nu2\beta$ decay. Since the only way to...
Large Area Picosecond Photodetectors (LAPPD) are a new generation of microchannel plate photomultipliers. LAPPDs use 28 stripline anodes to give 1-3 mm spatial resolution via fast timing at low channel density. We have developed extremely compact and low-power electronics that mate directly to LAPPD tiles. An FPGA controls readout and parallel digitization of 2x28 channels, sampled by DRS4...
Large volume liquid argon (LAr) detectors require a precise assessment of optical key parameters for both modeling and interpreting the data. These parameters include light yield, the triplet lifetime and in particular, the attenuation length of the 128 nm primary scintillation wavelength. A change in impurity concentrations within the LAr volume affects these values and therefore requires a...
LHCb has recently submitted a physics case to upgrade the detector to be able to run at instantaneous luminosities of 2$\times 10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$, an order of magnitude above Upgrade I, and accumulate a sample of more than 300 fb$^{-1}$. At this intensity, the mean number of interactions per crossing would be 56, producing around 2500 charged particles within the LHCb acceptance. The...
The Modane Underground Laboratory (LSM) is located 1700 m (4800 m.w.e) below Fréjus peak (Alpes chain) mountain in the middle of the Fréjus tunnel between France/Italy. The LSM is a multi-disciplinary platform for the experiments requiring low radioactivity environment. Several experiments in Particle and Astroparticle Physics, low-level of High Purity of Germanium gamma ray spectrometry,...
Data acquisition systems for state of the art imaging based particle identification detectors are expected to handle large numbers of channels, high accuracy timing, and operate under limited spatial and power constraints. In many applications, full waveform digitization is considered necessary to guarantee the required timing resolution and avoiding the undesirable degradation due to time...
Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is a next generation water Cherenkov neutrino detector for discovery of CP violation in neutrino oscillations, determination of the neutrino mass ordering as well as potentially discover proton decay. A new Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector (IWCD) is proposed for Hyper-K to cancel the neutrino flux and cross section uncertainties located 1-2 km away from the...
The upgraded VELO modules will each host 12 VeloPix ASICs with a total power consumption of up to 30 W. To mitigate the radiation damage an efficient cooling system is to keep the sensors below -20 C. The solution created is to use a cooling substrate composed of thin silicon plates with embedded micro-channels that allow the circulation of boiling CO2. The advantages of this technique ...
In HL-LHC operation the instantaneous luminosity will reach unprecedented values, resulting in about 200 proton-proton interactions in a typical bunch crossing. The current ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon system, the Inner Tracker (ITk). The innermost part of ITk will consist of a state-of-the-art pixel detector.
Several different silicon sensor technologies will be...
After the realization of the MWPCs with CsI PC for the RICH detector of the COMPASS experiment at CERN SPS, we have upgraded COMPASS RICH by four novel gaseous Photon Detectors (PD) based on MPGD technology, never used before in RIChes, covering a total active area of 1.5 m2. The new PDs consist of two layers of THGEMs, the first also acting as a reflective PC thanks to CsI coating, and a...
Abstract: We are using multi-PMTs (mPMTs) as the photosensors for the
Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector (IWCD), the proposed near detector
for the approved Hyper-Kamiodande experiment. The IWCD mPMT design has
nineteen 3" PMTs enclosed in a water-tight pressure vessel, along with
the associated electronics. The 3" PMTs provide excellent spatial
imaging of the neutrino-induced...
The new ALICE Inner Tracking System is the first large-scale MAPS-based tracking system. It is covering an active surface of 10 m², with a total of 12.5 billion pixels. Several optimisations of the pixel chip lead to a quasi noise-free operation, with measured fake-hit rates of below 1 hit per pixel and billion events (on system level), numbers compatible with the order of magnitude expected...
A new, more precise reconstruction algorithm was introduced to recover broken clusters at the edge of the pixel sensors. Many improvements were done in handling the pixel bad components as well: an occupancy based bad component determination was developed, while a dynamical bad component simulation was introduced in MC to handle scenarios with temporary, or permanent issues like failures of...
We present a free and open source firmware designed to operate as an Intelligent Platform Management Controller (IPMC). An IPMC is a fundamental component for electronic boards conformant to the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard, being adopted by a number of high energy physics experiments, and is responsible for monitoring the health parameters of the board,...
The tracking performance of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN relies critically on its 4-layer Pixel Detector, consisting of four barrel layers at 33, 50.5, 88.5, and 122.5 mm from the geometric center of the ATLAS detector and a total of six disk layers, three at each end of the barrel region. It has undergone significant hardware and readout upgrades to meet the...
In spring 2019 the Belle II experiment started data taking at the energy of the Y(4S) resonance. The SuperKEKB collider of KEK (Japan) aims to provide 50 ab-1 of e+e− collision events at the unprecedented luminosity of 8 10^35 cm-2 s-1.
The challenge for the Belle II detector is to record high-quality data in the new high-luminosity environment, characterized by increased backgrounds.
The...
The present electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters of the CMS experiment will be upgraded to cope up with the harsh radiation environment and pileup conditions posed by the high luminosity operations of LHC (HL-LHC) expected to start in 2026. CMS has opted for a sampling calorimeter, based on silicon and scintillator technologies, with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal segmentation...
Direct digitization of signals at low-bit resolution can be realized directly using FPGAs, allowing for systems that have very high channel density, and more information bandwidth than simple discriminator-based designs. Such systems may be a good candidate for high channel density, low power, integrated readouts for future high energy physics applications. We have studied such systems at 3-...
For the LHC luminosity upgrade, the muon end-cap inner station of ATLAS detector will be replaced by New Small Wheels (NSWs) in 2020. The NSWs will effectively improve the online muon identification and maintain the current muon transverse momentum resolution despite the increased detector hit rates. The NSWs combine the Micromegas and small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) technologies. The...
The BESIII spectrometer offers an unique experimental setup to investigate Particle Physics. The CGEM(Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier) is designed to replace the BESIII inner drift chamber in order to avoid deterioration of its performance due to radiation background. This work aims to develop the CGEM DAQ software in current BESIII DAQ framework. The functional requirements of CGEM DAQ...
In this data driven concept era of instrument, we will need the versatile platforms to visualize and analyse their event data to explore, interpret and understand the information hide in the data at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). At present, the online instrument monitoring service based on EPICS and CSS is too professional to be suitable for the new real-time distributed data...
KamLAND-Zen experiment is a low background liquid scintillator (LS) detector and searches for neutrino-less double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe. In order to suppress backgrounds proportional to volume (cosmo-genic muon spallation products, solar $^{8}$B $\nu$, etc.), $^{136}$Xe loaded LS is stored in the inner balloon (IB) made of nylon. The IB was made as clean as possible,...
The dark current characteristic of an RPC is often simplistically represented by the current flown in an electrical circuit of diode and resistance. It follows mainly from the variation of electrical conductivity of the gas medium with the applied voltage. We have developed a detailed model to simulate the dark current from the first principle considering the electrical properties of all the...
This work presents a design and implementation of an I/O circuit block capable of simultaneous bidirectional-transmission in CMOS integrated circuits. In High Energy Experiments at high luminosity, reducing material of silicon trackers in the inner vertex layers is of major importance to suppress multiple-scattering and to achieve good overall detector performance. Merging data-transmitter and...
A wide range of gas mixtures is used for the operation of the gaseous detectors at the CERN LHC experiments. Some gases, as C2H2F4, CF4, C4F10 and SF6, are greenhouse gases (GHG) with high global warming potential and therefore subject to a phase down policy.
The reduction of GHG emissions is of paramount importance for CERN, which has identified four different strategies.
The first strategy...
At the CERN LHC experiments several gaseous detectors are operated with Freon based gas mixtures. CF4 is used for wire chambers and Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors while C2H2F4 and SF6 for Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs).Under the effects of electric field and radiation, these gases undergo radiolytic dissociation producing new molecules and radicals, which could be detrimental to...
ATLAS is preparing for the HL-LHC. In order to cope with occupancy and radiation doses expected, we will replace our Inner Detector with an all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk). The strip system will be built from modules, consisting of one n+-in-p sensor, and one or two PCB hybrids containing the front-end electronics glued directly on the active sensor surface.
Several prototypes have been...
The goal of the FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment is to measure the fragmentation cross-section of protons into H, C, O targets at beam energies of interest for hadrontherapy (50–250 MeV for protons and 50–400 MeV/u for Carbon ions). Given the short range of the fragments, an inverse kinematic approach has been chosen, hence requiring precise tracking capabilities in a magnetic volume...
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC is being upgraded during the ongoing second long shutdown of the LHC (2019-21) to enhance the vertexing, tracking and readout capabilities. This would improve upon the present physics measurements, provide insights into new measurements and to fully exploit the scientific potential of the LHC with heavy ions at high luminosity. In Runs 3 and 4 from 2021,...
During Run III, the LHC is expected to operate at a higher average instantaneous luminosity of around 2x10^34cm-2s-1, and to deliver an integrated luminosity of up to 100fb-1 per year. This will result in higher average pileup values during LHC fills and larger detector ageing effects. We propose to mitigate the increase in the noise contribution to the signal due to the ECAL barrel front-end...
The LHCb experiment is a forward spectrometer at the Large Hadron Collider designed to study the decays of beauty and charm hadrons. During the recently concluded data-taking phase, LHCb produced a vast dataset in flavour physics and in additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the experiment.
In the ongoing second long shutdown, a major upgrade of the...
In order to maintain sensitivity to new physics in the coming years of LHC operations, the ATLAS experiment performing a number of trigger and detector upgrades. All new components will be read out via a newly developed system featuring an application called the Software Readout Driver (SW ROD), which will run on a commodity server receiving front-end data via the Front-End Link eXchange...
Precision calorimeters consisting of inorganic crystal scintillators have been playing an important role in the experimental high energy physics (HEP) experiments. In the last two decades, it faces challenges of the hostile radiation environment expected at the HL-LHC, the unprecedented event rate expected at accelerator based rare process search experiments and the low cost required by the...
The performance of ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker (SCT) in Run-2 at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been reviewed during the current long shutdown. The LHC successfully completed its Run-2 operation (2015-2018) with a total integrated delivered luminosity of $156~{\rm fb^{-1}}$ at the centre-of-mass $pp$ collision energy of $13~{\rm TeV}$. The LHC high performance provide us a good opportunity...
Muography is a novel imaging technology to reveal density structure of hill-sized objects. The cosmic muons lose their energy and penetrate hundreds of meters into the ground, thus their differential local flux correlates with the density-lenght they traveled through.
Exploiting the high flux around the zenith the imaging of the internal structure of hills could be done underground. Various...
