Conveners
Tue-Po-1.2: Cryocoolers, Dilution Refrigerators & Magnetic coolers
- Patricia Tavares Coutinho Borges De Sousa (CERN)
Conventionally cryocoolers are defined as devices that are capable of reaching temperatures of 120 K or below. Among various types of cryocoolers, pulse tube cryocoolers (PTCC) have developed rapidly over the past decades. PTCC are advantageous due to the absence of moving parts at the cold end, and their miniaturization aspects. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies are nowadays necessary...
Cryogenic thermoelectric coolers can be widely used in aerospace industry for satellite cooling systems. However, the commercialization of thermoelectric cooling technology has been built on the Bi2Te3 alloys, which have been aimed at room temperatures. Therefore, suitable materials for cryogenic thermoelectric coolers are needed. In this paper, four thermoelectric coolers have been fabricated...
Joule Thomson (JT) cryocoolers are emerging as an alternative choice for cooling temperatures upto 100 K. This is enabled by using refrigerants instead of single/pure refrigerant as a working fluid. Such cryocoolers are also referred to as Mixed Refrigerants Joule-Thomson (MRJT) cryocoolers. By using mixed refrigerants, the pressure ratio in the cryocooler is reduced from an order of 100s to...
A mixed refrigerant (MR) Joule-Thomson (J-T) refrigerator has been developed for application in the semiconductor etching process. The designed refrigerator operates on a 2-stage cascade-type MR J-T refrigeration cycle. For pre-cooling, a vapor compression cycle utilizing R1234yf, a low global warming potential refrigerant, is employed. The main cooling cycle utilizes a mixture of argon (Ar),...
A 4 K J-T cooler is developed to provide sufficient cooling capacity for SNSPD (superconducting nanowire single photon detector) or other quantum information devices. The system is designed for a nominal cooling capacity of 10 mW at 4 K and is conceived to retain sufficient operating flexibility so to properly tune the operating condition. To that extent the design facilitates additional...
Dilution refrigerators are widely used in the fields of condensed matter physics and quantum technology. The condensation-driven dilution refrigerator uses a condenser operating at temperatures below that of the Still to liquefy the 3He vapor and achieve the circulation of the 3He, which has the advantages of compact structure, lightweight, low cost, and low vibration. Due to these...
Stirling type Cryocoolers are required to cool the I-R detectors and have become essential in military and space-based applications due to its efficiency and compactness. At the core of a cryocooler lies the regenerator, a crucial component acting as a heat exchanger. This heat exchanger plays a vital role in the operation of the cryocooler due to its efficient heat transfer resulting in...
Cold end temperature of Stirling generator needs to be increased to reduce the heat sink radiator area which is limited due to the payload capacity of rocket in space application. However, the cold end temperature increase leads to the linear alternator’s overtemperature and failure consequently. A coupled Stirling Generator-Pulse Tube Cryocooler system driven by a Stirling Engine was proposed...
Multiple space X-ray missions in China are under preparation in recent years including HUBS and DIXE. The demand for the Sub-Kelvin space refrigeration technology becomes urgent. The space dilution refrigerator with the advantages of continuous cooling power, little magnetic interference, and light weight has application prospects for space detection missions in future. A dilution...
The adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR), based on the principle of magnetocaloric effect, is a solid-state cooling device. One of its key advantages is the ability to operate under microgravity conditions while offering high thermodynamic efficiency and modular design. Moreover, it stands out as one of the few coolers capable of achieving sub-Kelvin temperatures. As a result, it is...
GM pulse tube cryocoolers with large cooling capacity at liquid helium temperature are widely used due to the advantages of low vibration, long life and high reliability in some fields, including quantum computing, condensed matter physics research and others. Our research team previously developed a cold head of the GM type pulse tube cryocooler based on the American compressor CPA1110, which...
The recent decade has witnessed the rapid development of superconducting quantum computing for its ultra-fast execution speed. The quantum chips should operate at a temperature below 20 mK, which poses a significant challenge for the suitable cryogenic system. The dilution refrigerator which can not only operate continuously and stably but also features with the merits of low vibration and...
In response to the escalating demand for energy-efficient refrigeration, active magnetic refrigeration (AMR) has emerged as a promising solution, with researchers focusing on identifying environmentally friendly solid-state refrigerants. Among various candidates, including Gd and Heusler alloys, the evaluation criteria typically revolve around parameters such as isothermal magnetic entropy...
A Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) is an energy-efficient heat transfer device that operates using the processes of evaporation and condensation to effectively transport heat across long distances. Notably, room-temperature PHPs find crucial applications in cooling electronic components, such as CPU chips. In cryogenic environments, superconducting magnets that are cooled using cryocoolers require...
Limited by insufficient cold storage capacity of regenerator materials, especially operating below 10 K, it is challenging for a high-frequency pulse tube cryocooler to obtain a low temperature down to liquid helium temperature. In this study, the influence of different regenerator materials on the refrigeration performance of a high-frequency regenerator working in the liquid-hydrogen to...
Due to the absence of moving parts at cold end, Stirling type pulse tube cryocoolers (SPTCs) possess the benefits of low vibration, long maintenance intervals and high reliability. SPTCs have been widely used in the fields of superconductors, aerospace, industrial gas liquefaction etc.
Currently, single-stage SPTCs operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures have been successfully developed...
The rapid development of superconducting quantum computing technology has stimulated the demand for cryogen-free dilution refrigerators with high cooling capacity. The method of increasing the mass flow rate to obtain a high cooling capacity is limited by the critical velocity of the dilute phase. This study delves into the operation of a high cooling capacity dilution refrigeration system,...
