Conveners
Wed-Po-2.6: Large Magnet Systems
- Amalia Ballarino (CERN)
To test the superconducting magnets for HIAF, CiADS and other scientific research projects, a new cryogenic test facility is under construction at IMP in Huizhou City. The cooling power of the refrigerator in this test facility is 500 W @ 4.5 K, the liquefaction capacity is 150 L/h. Three vertical test cryostats and three horizontal test benches are planned. The inner spaces of the three...
As part of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider Upgrade (HL-LHC) at CERN, new focusing quadrupoles, separation and recombination dipoles, and corrector magnets will be installed on either side of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Specific cryostat designs were developed to allow for the operation of these magnets at 1.9K. A base design concept is progressed into 19 cryostat types to comply...
The superconducting system of the High Luminosity LHC project (HL-LHC) at CERN comprises a total of 38 new cold masses, prototypes and spares included, all requiring cryostats for magnet operation at 1.9 K. These cryostats shall ensure optimal thermal performance, as well as magnet alignment stability over the machine lifetime. Specific cold mass dimensions and a multitude of interfaces...
A cryogenic test platform has been designed and conceived for the research of forced cooling of Cable in Conduit Conductor (CICC) by superfluid helium. Main research object of this platform is to obtain the hydrothermal properties of the Cable in Conduit Conductor (CICC) when it is cooled by superfluid helium forced flow. The superfluid helium flow loop and the superfluid helium acquisition...
GeV-class proton beam with an average power of several megawatts have many important applications in particle physics towards the intensity frontier, as well as in the accelerator driven subcritical system, and material science. In 2019, China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) proposed an isochronous FFAG conceptual design with capability of producing 2GeV/6MW CW proton beam. The main magnet...
A superconducting magnet for a rotating gantry has recently been developed to reduce the size and weight of the gantry which is the core equipment of the heavy ion radiotherapy system. The superconducting magnet consists of a saddle-shaped superconducting coil surrounded by an iron yoke. The weight of one superconducting magnet can reach several tons, with the iron yoke accounting for most of...
The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project will require a new cryogenic system to cooldown the new superconducting components in the final focusing regions for the ATLAS and the CMS experiments. The existing magnets will be replaced with newly developed superconducting magnets that will operate in pressurized HeII at 1.9 K with a generated heat load of several...
HL-LHC (High Luminosity LHC) is an upgrade of the LHC accelerator that will achieve a significantly higher level of integrated luminosity than the original LHC assumptions. As a result of the HL-LHC project, about 150 meters of the accelerator will be completely replaced on both sides of the P1 and P5 collision points. This will require a new cryogenic distribution system, consisting of a...
In the International Linear Collider (ILC) main linac, superconducting quadrupole (SCQ) magnets combined with dipole correctors, together with superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, will be used to transport and accelerate electron and positron beams to the collision point. The SRF cavity accelerates the beam up to 125 GeV per side, the SCQ focuses the beam, and the dipole collectors...
A thermal and hydraulic analysis is presented to highlight the importance of thermal contact between gas-cooled REBCO conductors in cryogenic stability. For compact and efficient HTS fusion magnets, a variety of conductors are under development to stack REBCO tapes in a rigid jacket. In accordance with the leading group, the conductors are cooled by forced-flow of gaseous helium around at...
The development of cryogenic technology has greatly reduced the cost of large-diameter superconducting magnets and the difficulty of operation, making it possible for industrial fields. Our team has developed a large-diameter (room temperature aperture of more than 400 mm) superconducting magnet with direct-conduction cooling by a single GM refrigerator, which has improved the cooling...
Epoxy resin is used to improve the mechanical properties, insulation properties and thermal conductivity of superconducting magnets. The second-generation high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes have significant mechanical strength anisotropy due to their multi-layer structure. In the cooling process, stress concentration occurs between the layers due to the different cooling shrinkage...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) houses a very large inventory of helium (totalizing 150 tons, including the strategic operational reserve) which must be properly managed and secured in the event of a major power outage. This paper presents dynamic simulations of the LHC cryogenic system following such an event and analyzes the different possible scenarios with their consequences. The...
The cryogenic distribution system for the High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) under construction at IMP has about 146 m cryogenic transfer lines. These transfer lines will be installed between a distribution box on the surface and the connection valve boxes located 12.3 m underground in the tunnel. The transfer line consists of 28 sections. Due to space limitations the lines...
The AGOR superconducting cyclotron at the Particle Therapy Research Center (PARTREC) in The Netherlands has been operational with its main coils kept continually at cryogenic temperatures since the mid-1990s. A Sulzer TCF50 Liquefier is used to supply liquid helium (LHe) to operate the cyclotron’s two superconducting main coils and two superconducting extraction channels. The extraction...
The present study focuses on the optimal design of a 1 T main magnet operated at 65 K consisting of second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape wound in the shape of double pancake (DP) coils for Extremity Magnetic Resonance Imaging (E-MRI) scanners by using the population-based real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA). In the RGA, the minimum length of HTS tape consumption is...
Superconducting magnets play a key role in the search for dark matter particles such as axions. This application benefits from a large B2V factor within the magnet bore. A low B field region in close vicinity of the main magnet and a low temperature environment are also required for the detection. Oxford Instruments has developed a range of large bore superconducting magnet...
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based digital twins are increasingly utilized in scientific research applications, replacing Finite Element Method (FEM) models to save time and resources. These ANN models deliver rapid and accurate results comparable to the FEM models on which they are trained. Optimization, employing metaheuristic methods like the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm...
In order to meet the demand for high-performance magnetic fields in extreme environments such as magnetic levitation trains, compared with traditional copper or permanent magnets, superconducting magnets with high current density can achieve light weighting of the overall system, which is of great significance for the safe operation and cost saving of high-speed magnetic levitation. In this...
Abstract—In order to enable the 90° curved Discrete Canted-Cosine-Theta (DCT) superconducting magnet for heavy ion Gantry to operate at low temperature normally, a 90° curved cryostat that can rotate on a rotating frame is developed. 18 voltage leads for quench detection and 7 temperature sensors for detecting temperature changes during cooling and excitation are arranged into the...
A superconducting heavy ion therapy device is developing in Lanzhou, and its gantry and synchrotron require curved superconducting magnets to reduce size. To cool and test the performance of superconducting magnets by horizontal placement, a horizontal testing cryostat was designed for the curved superconducting magnet of the heavy ion therapy device. A superconducting magnet is a Discrete...
