Arrival day and registration

Opening

• Frank Tecker (CERN)
• Francis Perez (ALBA Synchrotron)

Electromagnetic Theory

• Irina Shreyber

The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to Electromagnetic Theory. The foundations of electrodynamics starting from the nature of electrical force up to the level of Maxwell equations solutions are presented. It starts with the introduction of the concept of a field, which plays a very important role in the understanding of electricity and magnetism. In addition, moving electric charge is discussed as a topic of special importance in accelerator physics.

History of particle acceleration

• Suzie Sheehy (University of Oxford and University of Melbourne)

This lecture traces the history of particle accelerators from the pioneers in the 1930s to the modern world of international mega-projects. Key developments are given in scientific and historical context, and qualitative descriptions are given of accelerator breakthroughs that have allowed orders of magnitude improvements in the course of a few decades.

Kinematics of Particle Beams - Relativity

• Irina Shreyber

This is an introductory lecture on special relativity which doesn’t require much mathematical background. The theory of special relativity, originally proposed by Albert Einstein in his famous 1905 paper, has had profound consequences on our view of physics, space, and time. The goal of this lecture is to introduce the basic concepts of special relativity without overloading it with formulas. The lecture addresses Galilean and Lorentz transformations, emphasizing the conceptual incompatibility of classical kinematics and electrodynamics. The lecture also briefly introduces some famous phenomena behind special relativity including length contraction, time dilation, relativistic kinematics, practical application of the theory and more.

Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics I

• Wolfgang Hillert
• Wolfgang Hillert

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined opticalfunctions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Accelerator Applications

• Suzie Sheehy (University of Oxford and University of Melbourne)

Of the 50,000+ particle accelerators in the world, the vast majority are not used for particle physics, but instead for real-world applications. From radiotherapy for cancer treatment to ion implantation for silicon devices, through to the hardening of tarmac roads with electron beams: the uses of particle beams are constantly growing in number. This lecture aims to give a broad overview of the many uses of particle accelerators, covering technologies ranging in size from around ten-centimetre long industrial electron linacs through to synchrotron light sources built as national scale facilities. The lecture also includes challenges and future perspectives that are unique to the use of accelerators for wider societal applications.

1 slide 1 minute

Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics II

• Wolfgang Hillert

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined opticalfunctions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Warm Magnets

• Gijs De Rijk
• Gijs De Rijk

Warm magnets are magnets that function in normal ambient temperature conditions. These types mostly use a soft steel yoke for field amplification and either copper or aluminium coils or permanent magnets to generate the field. Magnets powered with such normal-conducting coils are often called classical, iron-dominated or resistive magnets. These magnets have been the workhorse for most linear and circular accelerators and beam transfer lines for decades.

Sources

• Dan Faircloth

This presentation outlines the many ways that the initial beam can be made for particle accelerators. Brief introductions to plasma physics and beam formation are given. Thermionic and photo emission electron guns, with both DC and Radio Frequency (RF) acceleration are outlined. Positive ion sources for producing H+ ions and multiply charged heavy ions are covered. Hot cathode filament sources and cold cathode sources are explored. RF discharge sources (inductively coupled, microwave and ECR) are discussed, as are laser, vacuum arc, and electron beam sources. The physical principles of negative ion production are outlined and different types of negative ion source technologies are described. Polarised particle sources are mentioned briefly.

Secondary beams and targets

• Dan Faircloth

This presentation outlines the methods of creating secondary beams by driving a primary beam into a target. The tungsten targets used to produce neutron beams at the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron source are described along with the graphite target used to produce muon beams. Higher power neutron targets are mentioned: liquid mercury for SNS and rotating targets for ESS. Future plans for even higher power powder targets are outlined. The use of magnetic horns to capture secondary beams from targets are described and their use at FAIR to produce antiproton beams. The extensive radiation shielding and remote handling systems required in secondary beam facilities are discussed. ‘Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL)’ and ‘In Flight Fragmentation’ techniques for producing beams of radioactive nuclei are described and their key components outlined. Positron production at KEK is discussed, and a future proposal for a Higgs Factory mentioned.

Superconducting Magnets

• Gijs De Rijk
• Gijs De Rijk

Hands-ON Lattice calulations I

• Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)
• Felix Soubelet
• Davide Gamba (CERN)

Hands-ON Lattice calulations II

• Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)
• Felix Soubelet
• Davide Gamba (CERN)

Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics III

• Wolfgang Hillert

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most im-portant types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearizedequations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derivedusing an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit. Analyticalsolutions are determined for linear elements of a typical beam transfer line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducingthe matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented bya single transfer matrix. Application of this formalism allows to calculate sin-gle particle’s trajectories in linear approximation. After introducing the beamemittance as the area occupied by a particle beam in phase space, a lineartreatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined opticalfunctions is introduced. The formalism is applied to the concepts of both weakand strong focusing, in particular discussing the properties of the widely-usedFODO cell. Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodicsystems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphazising the effectsof linear field errors on orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of opti-cal resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented,introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Linear Accelerators I

• David Alesini

Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics IV

• Wolfgang Hillert

Linear Accelerators II

• David Alesini

Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics V

• Wolfgang Hillert

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined optical functions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Hands-ON Lattice calulations III

• Felix Soubelet
• Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)
• Davide Gamba (CERN)

Hands-ON Lattice calulations IV

• Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)
• Davide Gamba (CERN)
• Felix Soubelet

Visit of the ALBA Synchrotron

Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics VI

• Wolfgang Hillert

Linear Imperfections I

• Volker Ziemann

Longitudinal BD in Circular Machines I

• Frank Tecker (CERN)

Linear Imperfections II

• Volker Ziemann

Discussion session

Linear Imperfections - corrections

• Volker Ziemann

Longitudinal BD in Circular Machines II

• Frank Tecker (CERN)

Collective Effects I

• Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Electron Beam Dynamics I

• Lenny Rivkin (Paul Scherrer Institute (CH))

Collective Effects II

• Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Hands-ON Lattice calulations V

• Davide Gamba (CERN)
• Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)
• Felix Soubelet

Hands-ON Lattice calulations VI

• Felix Soubelet
• Davide Gamba (CERN)
• Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)

Seminar: The Hypatia Mission: Opening Space to Women

• Neus Sabaté Vizcarra (IMB-CNM (CSIC))

The Hypatia I mission is a scientific project led by a group of Catalan female researchers that embarked on a simulated journey to Mars through the Mars Research Desert Station (MDRS) analog station in the Utah desert, United States from April 16 to 29, 2023. For the first time, a team of nine Catalan scientists, from various disciplines and ages, were selected to carry out a mission at the analog station, where they lived for two weeks as if they were leading a real mission to Mars. The Hypatia I crew experienced an authentic adventure under isolated conditions: they had to eat dehydrated food, water was limited, and they were not able to communicate synchronously with Earth to maintain the simulation. Mobility outside the station was also restricted, and all members had to wear astronaut suits during their outdoor exploration activities. Through this mission, the researchers tested equipment and performed experiments related to the feasibility of a real mission to Mars. In addition to conducting research, the Hypatia I crew aims to contribute to science outreach and inspire vocations, especially among girls and young women. This involves making the role of women in STEAM disciplines visible and fighting against gender discrimination in science and space exploration. Neus Sabaté, one of the two Crew Engineers of Hypatia I, will share the day-to-day details of the mission as well as the research conducted during the two weeks spent at the MDRS.

Electron Beam Dynamics II

• Lenny Rivkin (Paul Scherrer Institute (CH))

Collective Effects III

• Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Injection and Extraction

• Pablo Arrutia (CERN)

Collective Effects IV

• Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Vacuum

• Mike Seidel

Discussion session

Cyclotrons

• Mike Seidel

RF systems I

• Christine Vollinger (CERN)

Sustainability for Accelerators

• Mike Seidel

RF systems II

• Christine Vollinger (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - Intro

• Leandro Intelisano
• Michail Zampetakis (CERN)
• Heiko Damerau (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - I

• Leandro Intelisano
• Michail Zampetakis (CERN)
• Heiko Damerau (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - II

• Leandro Intelisano
• Michail Zampetakis (CERN)
• Heiko Damerau (CERN)

Beam Diagnostics I

• Peter Forck

Introduction to Non- Linear longitudinal Beam Dymanics

• Heiko Damerau (CERN)

Beam Diagnostics II

• Peter Forck

Advanced accelerator concepts I

• Massimo Ferrario

Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - III

• Michail Zampetakis (CERN)
• Heiko Damerau (CERN)
• Leandro Intelisano

Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - IV

• Heiko Damerau (CERN)
• Leandro Intelisano
• Michail Zampetakis (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - v

• Michail Zampetakis (CERN)
• Leandro Intelisano
• Heiko Damerau (CERN)

Free

Computational tools I

• Andrea Latina (CERN)

Advanced accelerator concepts II

• Massimo Ferrario

Computational tools II

• Andrea Latina (CERN)

Colliders and luminosity

• Hermann Schmickler

Time and Frequency domain signals I

• Hermann Schmickler

A first taste of Non- Linear Beam Dynamics I

• Hannes Bartosik (CERN)

Time and Frequency domain signals II

• Hermann Schmickler

A first taste of Non- Linear Beam Dynamics II

• Hannes Bartosik (CERN)

Particle motion in Hamiltonian Formalism I

• Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

Discussion session

Synchrotron light circular machines & FELs I

• Eduard Prat Costa

Synchrotron light circular machines & FELs II

• Eduard Prat Costa

Particle motion in Hamiltonian Formalism II

• Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

Putting it all together

• Hermann Schmickler

Designing a synchrotron - a real life example

• Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

Closing

• Frank Tecker (CERN)

Departure Day