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Stephanie Wissel29/06/2026, 10:00Invited oral contribution
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Alexey Yushkov (Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ))29/06/2026, 10:45
In this highlight contribution, we review recent results from the Pierre Auger Observatory, indicating emerging connections between the energy spectrum and mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and future implications for the interpretation of anisotropies in arrival directions. In this context, measurements of the energy spectrum over the full declination range covered by the...
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Jörg Hörandel29/06/2026, 11:45
The Radio Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory measures radio emission from extensive air showers in the frequency range of 30–80 MHz. Covering an area of 3000 km², it constitutes the largest installation dedicated to the radio detection of cosmic particles, including charged cosmic rays, gamma rays, and neutrinos. Commissioning was completed at the end of 2024, and the radio antennas now...
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Stepan Poluianov (University of Oulu (FI))29/06/2026, 14:30SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
Solar energetic particles, sporadically produced by the Sun, can significantly impact and sometimes dominate the radiation environment near the Earth. They were discovered shortly after the beginning of systematic cosmic-ray measurements in the 1930s as sharp enhancements over the background. This observational phenomenon in data of ground-based instruments has been called a Ground-Level...
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Vladimir Novotny (IPNP, Charles University)29/06/2026, 14:30
We present the latest measurements of the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray energy spectrum at the Pierre Auger Observatory, based on an exposure exceeding 100,000 $\rm{km}^2$ sr yr. The calibration procedure of the surface detector data utilizing high-quality fluorescence measurements is explained. A combination of high- and low-zenith angle data sets from the surface detector (SD) with 1500 m...
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Igor Vaiman (Gran Sasso Science Institute; INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)29/06/2026, 14:45
The Pierre Auger Observatory measures key characteristics of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs): energy, depth of the shower maximum (sensitive to UHECR mass), and arrival direction. The former two can constrain the properties of cosmic-ray sources in spherically symmetric scenarios. However, the full 3D picture of UHECR emission can only be probed by the distribution of arrival...
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Alexander Mishev29/06/2026, 14:45SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
A notable ground-level enhancement (GLE), caused by solar energetic particles, occurred on 11 May 2024. It was observed during the deep phase of a strong Forbush decrease (FD) and one of the strongest observed geomagnetic storms. Several solar eruptions, namely a major X5.8 flare on 11 May 2024 and a halo coronal mass ejection (CME) accelerated solar ions up to relativistic energies, observed...
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Igor Vaiman (Gran Sasso Science Institute; INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)29/06/2026, 15:00
Sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain uncertain and continue to challenge the astroparticle physics community. We approach the problem of constraining their properties as that of Bayesian signal reconstruction within the framework of Information Field Theory. We reconstruct the injection energy spectrum and the source density evolution with distance without assuming a...
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Alexander Mishev29/06/2026, 15:00SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
A particularly strong solar energetic particle event was observed on 11-Nov-2025, registered by the worldwide network of neutron monitors (NMs). This event, named the ground-level enhancement (GLE) 77, was among the strongest measured GLEs during the NM era. The peak and integral intensities of GLE 77 reached about 125 (165) % and 600 (800) %*hr, respectively, for standard (bare) NMs. It...
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Alejandro Francisco López Comazzi29/06/2026, 15:15SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
GLE 77, recorded on 11 November 2025, was an exceptionally intense event exhibiting two phases. The Prompt phase, brief and strongly anisotropic, was detected by stations with aligned acceptance cones, including Mexico City ($R_c = 8.2$ GV), while some polar stations failed to register it. The Delayed phase, more gradual, was isotropically observed by a larger number of monitors. An isotropic...
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Veronika Vasickova29/06/2026, 15:15
Understanding the origin of the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) requires explaining the features of their energy spectrum, mass composition, and arrival directions. Current modeling approaches neglect the time evolution of UHECR observables, especially in the galactic magnetic field (GMF). The present study focuses on how time delays caused by the GMF influence the spectrum and arrival...
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Dr Justin Dante Tabbett (Paul Scherrer Institut PSI)29/06/2026, 15:30SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
An X-Class solar flare emission was detected on the 18th January 2026, followed by a coronal mass ejection which arrived 25 hours later, resulting in G4 geomagnetic storm. This space weather event was detectable across scales, from satellites measuring primary particles to neutron monitors measuring secondaries at the surface. Due to early space weather warnings, the AMORE (Airspace...
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Muhammad Mustapha Abdullahi (Gran Sasso Science Institute)29/06/2026, 15:30
NUSES is a new space mission aimed at exploring cosmic radiation, astrophysical neutrinos, and Sun--Earth environment phenomena from a sun-synchronous low Earth orbit at 550 km altitude. The satellite hosts two payloads, Zir\'e and Terzina. Zir\'e will measure electrons, protons, and light nuclei from several MeV up to hundreds of MeV, and will test novel techniques for gamma-ray detection in...
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Dr Lukas Baeni (University of Bern (CH))29/06/2026, 16:30SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
On 11 November 2025, around 10:00 UTC an X5 class flare occurred and solar particles were accelerated to cosmic ray energies. This led to an increase in the count rate of most ground-based neutron monitors: GLE77. The event is comparable in size to the last major GLE on 6 December 2006 (GLE70). Several neutron monitor stations with high cutoff rigidity also showed a significant increase in...
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Lech Piotrowski29/06/2026, 16:30
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a next-generation observatory aiming to discover the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) through the detection of radio signals emitted during the interaction of the UHE particles with the atmosphere. This goal would be achieved by deploying 200,000 radio antennas over 200,000 km$^2$ distributed worldwide, gathering enough...
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DUAN BOHAO29/06/2026, 16:45
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection is an international proposal aiming at the detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos with a network of ~20 giant arrays (10'000km² each) of radio antennas, in its baseline design.
In its present phase, the GRAND collaboration aims at performing a pure and efficient autonomous radio detection of extensive air showers, down to horizontal...
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Ms cristina consolandi (University of Hawai'i at Manoa (US))29/06/2026, 16:45SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
After fifteen years of operation on board the International Space Station, AMS has performed precise measurements of high-energy solar energetic particles (SEPs), mostly observed during the solar maxima of cycles 24 and 25. AMS has collected data on more than 60 high-energy SEP events accelerated during M- and X-class flares and associated with fast coronal mass ejections. AMS detects these...
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Jakub Rawiak (University of Warsaw)29/06/2026, 17:00
Identification of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray (UHECR) events in radio detection is a challenging task, as true physical signals are rare, while background and nonphysical events are common. This is a critical problem for the project GRAND (Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection), where reliable automatic event selection is needed for large data sets. In this work, a one-class classification...
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Juan José Blanco Ávalos (University of Alcalá)29/06/2026, 17:00SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
Since the Spanish Antarctic Campaign 2018-2019, the Spanish Space Research Group has conducted a series of coordinated cosmic ray observation campaigns covering a wide latitudinal range, from the Iberian Peninsula to the Spanish Antarctic Base Juan Carlos I. These campaigns aim to investigate the latitudinal dependence of the secondary cosmic ray flux and its modulation by geomagnetic cutoff...
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Lech Piotrowski (University of Warsaw)29/06/2026, 17:15
The GRAND experiment faces the challenge of self-triggering on radio signals from inclined UHECRs in non-Antarctic environments. Prototype studies, such as those with GRANDProto300, require collecting large volumes of data with only a small fraction of UHECR events, followed by efficient offline filtering. Template matching is a simple and computationally viable approach, but its performance...
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Prof. Carlo Luis Guerrero Contreras (Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Associate Professor)29/06/2026, 17:15SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
The study of cosmic rays (CRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs), and ground-level enhancement (GLE) events is fundamental to understanding the impact of solar activity on Earth’s environment and technological systems. In this work, we present recent advances in the TOROS code (Trajectories of cOsmic Rays Observed Simulator), developed to numerically simulate charged particle trajectories...
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Giovanni Cozzolongo29/06/2026, 17:30
Single muons traversing the field of view of an Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) produce rings of Cherenkov light whose geometry is fixed by the Cherenkov emission angle and the muon impact parameter. Because the expected light yield can be computed from first principles, muon rings act both as a standard candle for the instrument and as a direct probe of the muons’ properties....
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Pablo Cerviño Solana (Universidad de Alcala (UAH))29/06/2026, 17:30SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
Solar Neutrons (SNs) are produced in the solar atmosphere through interactions between accelerated ions–mainly protons–and the constituents of the photosphere. Due to their uncharged nature, they propagate undisturbed through both the interplanetary medium and the magnetosphere. This property makes them a potentially powerful tool for the indirect study of particle acceleration mechanisms in...
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Giuliana Panzarini (Universita e INFN, Bari (IT))29/06/2026, 17:45SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationOral contribution
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi satellite is exploring the gamma-ray sky in the energy range from 20 MeV to over 300 GeV. Since the beginning of the mission science phase, the LAT has detected high-energy gamma rays from the Moon. This emission is produced by interactions of cosmic-ray nuclei with the lunar regolith and depends on both the cosmic-ray fluxes and the chemical...
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Dmitri SEMIKOZ (APC, Paris)30/06/2026, 09:30
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Enrico Peretti (CNRS)30/06/2026, 10:15
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Silvia Manconi30/06/2026, 11:45
The discovery of extended gamma-ray halos around middle-aged Galactic pulsars—most notably Geminga—has opened a new window into understanding cosmic ray transport in the interstellar medium. These halos, detected so far from GeV to TeV energies, are primarily attributed to the inverse Compton scattering of ambient photon fields by relativistic electrons and positrons escaping the pulsar....
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Dr Hazal Göksu (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics)30/06/2026, 12:15
The Southern Wide-field Gamma-Ray Observatory (SWGO) is a planned wide-field gamma-ray observatory consisting of an array of water Cherenkov detector (WCD) units. Existing WCD instruments such as HAWC and LHAASO, located in the Northern hemisphere, have demonstrated the scientific potential of continuous, wide-field observations. Their discoveries include extended emission around pulsars,...
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Pablo Fernandez (IGFAE/USC)30/06/2026, 14:30
The detection of astrophysical PeV-neutrinos by IceCube and KM3NeT observatories has opened the window to probe new phenomena of our universe through these elusive particles. However, a deeper study of the sources remains limited due to a sizable background from atmospheric neutrinos. The Tau Air-Shower Mountain-Based Observatory (TAMBO) aims to effectively overcome these limitations by...
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Luis Enrique Espinosa Castro (Gran Sasso Science Institute)30/06/2026, 14:45
The origin of the cosmic ray (CR) 'knee' remains as one of the open questions in the theory of Galactic CRs. The transition from the resonant scattering diffusion regime towards a curvature-drift regime is considered a possible explanation of this spectral feature, associating it to the faster escape of CRs from the Galaxy. In this work, we evaluate this model by performing extensive...
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Véronique VAN ELEWYCK30/06/2026, 14:45
Much has been learned about the deep Earth through a combination of geophysical constraints, theories of Earth’s formation, and seismic measurements. However, such methods alone cannot directly resolve the full structure of the inner Earth, e.g. in terms of matter density, composition and temperature distributions. Open questions in this realm concern e.g. the presence and abundance of light...
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Dr Petr Hamal (Palacky University Olomouc)30/06/2026, 15:00
The detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) over large areas requires instrumentation that is both cost-effective and operationally robust. The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) has been proposed as a compact alternative to traditional fluorescence detectors, enabling large-scale coverage with simplified hardware and reduced complexity.
In this...
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chun khai loo (GSSI)30/06/2026, 15:00
LHAASO observations of SS433 and Cygnus X-3, well-known microquasars, have suggested that microquasars are likely galactic PeVatrons. We study the potential contribution of microquasars to the knee region of the Cosmic Ray (CR) spectrum, accounting for the stochastic nature of CR source ages and positions. We found that, in combination with SNRs with a maximum energy $\approx$ 50 TeV,...
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Marta Borchiellini (INFN Bologna)30/06/2026, 15:15
Electron-capture (EC) unstable species in Galactic cosmic rays provide constraints on the time elapsed between nucleosynthesis and acceleration, and have been proposed as probes of reacceleration and gas inhomogeneities during their transport. We revisit the modelling of EC decay and its detectability in the context of recent unmodulated low-energy (Voyager) and high-precision data for heavy...
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13. The Auger Radio Infill SKALA Extension (ARISE): Detector Overview and First Air-Shower DetectionCarmen Merx30/06/2026, 15:15
The Auger Radio Infill SKALA Extension (ARISE) is a new radio detector array installed in 2025 at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. ARISE comprises 18 SKALA-2 antennas, each featuring two polarization channels, deployed within 100 m of a surface detector station in the 433 m array of the Observatory, where surface stations are complemented by underground muon detectors. This surface...
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Juan Ammerman Yebra30/06/2026, 15:30
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays interact with the Earth's atmosphere generating particle showers that emit coherent radio waves in the MHz frequency range. The radio interferometric technique exploits the relative arrival times of these pulses at multiple antennas to reconstruct parameters of the cosmic-ray-induced shower, mainly its arrival direction, shower maximum, and core. To achieve a high...
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Isabella Sofia (INFN Torino, Max-Planck Institut fur Kernphysik (MPIK))30/06/2026, 16:30
The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) is a next generation facility for very high energy gamma-ray astronomy, designed to observe the whole sky over a wide energy range (20 GeV - 300 TeV) with enhanced sensitivity and resolution; to accomplish this, it will be equipped with three classes of telescopes with different mirror diameters.
The Small-Sized Telescopes (SSTs) will focus...
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Prof. Juan A. Garzon (Univ. Santiago de Compostela)30/06/2026, 16:45
The study of the cosmic ray background reaching Earth is a compelling field of research. Precise measurements of secondary cosmic ray rates at the Earth's surface provide extensive insight into solar activity, space weather, and the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. To address these objectives, a new generation of compact, versatile, and affordable tracking detectors has been developed: the...
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Gabriele Auriemma30/06/2026, 17:00
The interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere generates a complex radiation environment which presently lacks detailed characterization with respect to energy spectra, particle composition and directionality. We believe that suitable instrumentation and measurements campaigns, conducted at different altitudes and latitudes, are necessary to bridge this knowledge gap. In this framework we...
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Yaozu Xiong (ZJU - Zhejiang University (CN))30/06/2026, 17:15
The AMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) plays a crucial role in calorimeter-based tracking, particle identification, and gamma-ray analyses. We present a deep-learning model based on ResNet, developed for particle identification and for measuring properties of cosmic electrons and positrons with the ECAL information as an input. By fully exploiting the three-dimensional topology of particle...
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Olivier DELIGNY01/07/2026, 09:30
Over the past decade, increasingly precise and high-statistics measurements have profoundly refined our view of cosmic-ray anisotropies across the entire energy spectrum. A wealth of observational results from ground-based observatories has established the presence of both large-scale and small-scale anisotropy patterns. In the TeV-PeV range, observations by wide field-of-view instruments have...
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Lorenzo Cazon (IGFAE-USC)01/07/2026, 10:15
Extensive air showers are powerful laboratories for studying hadronic interactions at energies beyond the reach of current accelerators and in regions of phase space that are only weakly constrained by collider data. This talk will review the current status of our understanding of the connection between air-shower observables and the properties of particle production in high-energy hadronic...
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Carla Dina Marcella Taricco (Dipartimento di Fisica - Università di Torino)01/07/2026, 11:45SH - Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays, SEPs and GCR propagationInvited oral contribution
The low-threshold rate (scaler) time series recorded over 16 years of
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operation by the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory in
Malargüe (Argentina) allows for a thorough and detailed investigation
of the Galactic Cosmic-Ray flux variations in the heliosphere due to solar activity
and can be considered as a new proxy of solar variability. This result
was achieved by an... -
Paolo Brogi (Universita degli studi di Siena (IT))01/07/2026, 12:15
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high energy astroparticle physics experiment in operation on the Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) of the International Space Station (ISS). Since the start of operations in 2015, CALET has been in continuous observation with excellent performance for over 10 years, mainly triggering on high energy (>10 GeV) cosmic-ray showers...
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Jorge Casaus (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES))02/07/2026, 09:30
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector operating on the International Space Station. Since 2011, AMS has collected more than 260 billion charged cosmic rays, from elementary particles to iron nuclei with energies up to multi-TeV. The high-precision measurements with ~1% accuracy, over a solar cycle, have led to many surprising observations. The latest...
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Sonia EL HEDRI (cnrs)02/07/2026, 10:15
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Dennis Soldin (University of Utah)02/07/2026, 11:45
Over the past decades, various experiments have measured the characteristics of extensive air shower observables across several orders of magnitude in cosmic-ray energy. Many of these measurements reveal significant discrepancies between observations and predictions from simulations based on QCD-inspired phenomenological hadronic interaction models. These models usually include parameters...
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Piera Luisa GHIA02/07/2026, 12:15
The Pierre Auger Observatory, the world’s largest cosmic-ray detector, is intrinsically a multi-messenger instrument, driven by its goal of uncovering the origin and nature of the highest-energy particles in the Universe. Even at the highest energies, cosmic rays are predominantly nuclei, and their deflection by magnetic fields prevents direct source identification. Although Auger observations...
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Prof. Alan Watson (University of Leeds, UK)02/07/2026, 14:30
Can historic measurements cast light on the Spectral differences between the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array?
Q Luce1 and A A Watson2
Go to contribution page1 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France lucequentin.pro@gmail.com 2 School of Physics and Astronomy,... -
Carlos Delgado Mendez (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES))02/07/2026, 14:30
We report the properties of primary cosmic rays Proton (p), Helium (He), Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Neon (Ne), Magnesium (Mg), Silicon (Si), Sulfur (S), Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) fluxes measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) on the international Space Station from May 19, 2011 to November 11, 2024. The measurements show that the proton flux has two components: one similar to He and...
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Eva Maria Martins Dos Santos (Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ))02/07/2026, 14:45
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are a challenging yet powerful channel to probe hadronic interactions at a center-of-mass energy of 100 TeV, an order of magnitude higher than the nominal energy of the Large Hadron Collider. With data collected over more than two decades, the Pierre Auger Observatory has provided a wealth of significant results that help us investigate hadronic interactions...
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Francisco Hernandez Nicolas (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES))02/07/2026, 14:45
We present high statistics measurements of the secondary cosmic rays Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, and Fluorine based on 11.5 years of AMS data. The properties of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and their ratios to the primary cosmic rays Li/C, Be/C, B/C, Li/O, Be/O, B/O, and F/Si are discussed. The systematic comparison with the latest GALPROP cosmic ray model is presented.
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Dr FERNANDO DANIEL GOLLAN SCILIPOTTI (Instituto Gallego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias)02/07/2026, 15:00
Muon measurements in extensive air showers provide a powerful probe of hadronic interactions at energies beyond the reach of current accelerators. However, their muon content remains one of the key unresolved challenges in ultra-high-energy cosmic ray physics, as current observations show significant discrepancies with model predictions, impacting the interpretation of particle interactions...
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Jose Ocampo Peleteiro (Universita e INFN, Bologna (IT))02/07/2026, 15:00
Beryllium nuclei in cosmic rays are expected to be secondaries produced by the fragmentation of primary cosmic rays during their propagation in the Galaxy, and their fluxes contain essential information on cosmic-ray propagation and sources. Owing to the radioactive decay of 10Be to 10B with a half-life comparable to the cosmic-ray residence time in the Galaxy, the ratio provides unique...
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Miguel Molero Gonzalez (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES))02/07/2026, 15:15
Analysis of anisotropy of the arrival directions of galactic positrons and electrons has been performed with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. This measurement allows to differentiate between point-like and diffuse sources of cosmic rays for the understanding of the origin of high energy positrons. The AMS results of the dipole anisotropy are presented along...
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Bernardo Tomé (LIP/IST)02/07/2026, 15:15
Measuring the energy spectrum of air-shower components is crucial for understanding primary cosmic rays and the physical processes governing their interactions in the atmosphere. However, accurately measuring the energy of shower particles reaching the ground remains challenging due to the inherent simplicity of typical cosmic-ray experiments.
In this talk, we present a study that takes...
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77. High-Energy Gamma/Hadron Discrimination in Ground-Based WCD Arrays - The LCm and Ptail VariablesLucio Gibilisco02/07/2026, 15:30
Wide field-of-view gamma-ray observatories must contend with the overwhelming cosmic-ray background to identify very-high-energy astrophysical gamma-ray events. This presentation introduces two novel gamma/hadron discriminating observables: $\mathrm{LCm}$ and $P_{\mathrm{tail}}$. $\mathrm{LCm}$ quantifies the azimuthal non-uniformity of the particle distributions at ground level, which is...
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Sara Fogliacco (GSSI INFN LNGS)02/07/2026, 15:30
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-based detector designed for precise studies of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) up to energies of several hundred TeV. The satellite was successfully launched in December 2015 and has been continuously collecting data since then. DAMPE is characterized by its exceptional energy resolution, large cosmic-ray dataset, and strong particle...
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Mr Marcos Olegario (University of São Paulo)02/07/2026, 15:45
The depth of the first interaction point ($X_\mathrm{first}$) of extensive air showers (EAS) encodes information about the nature of the primary cosmic ray and the interaction processes governing the early stages of shower development. Combined with statistical fluctuations from hadronic interactions, it contributes to the observable $X_\mathrm{max}$ — the depth of the shower maximum — one of...
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Hugo Valentin Boutin (Universite de Geneve (CH))02/07/2026, 15:45
The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a space-borne cosmic-ray experiment in orbit since 2015. With its deep calorimeter, DAMPE allows for measuring primary and secondary cosmic-ray fluxes up to unprecedented energies for direct-detection experiments. This work focuses on lithium and beryllium which, as products of fragmentation of heavier primaries, provide essential information on...
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Andrea Serpolla (Universite de Geneve (CH))02/07/2026, 16:30
Accurate measurements of secondary cosmic-ray (CR) fluxes offer essential information about how high-energy particles propagate and interact throughout the Galaxy.
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Primary CR species, notably carbon and oxygen nuclei, undergo spallation reactions with the interstellar medium and produce lighter secondary nuclei.
Among these secondaries, boron stands out for its relative abundance, and its... -
Alan Andrew Watson02/07/2026, 16:30
Cygnus X-3 Revisited
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A A Watson
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, UK
a.a.watson@leeds.ac.uk
During the 1980s there were reports of emission of γ-rays at TeV and PeV energies from the X-ray binary system, Cygnus X-3. However, following these claims, more detailed studies with purpose-built detectors, such as those with the GREX array at Haverah Park and with the much... -
Francesco Maria Follega (Universita degli Studi di Trento and INFN (IT))02/07/2026, 16:45
Cosmic-ray deuterium is a sensitive probe of Galactic transport, light-nuclei production cross sections, and of the astrophysical background relevant for antideuteron searches. Recent AMS-02 measurements up to 21 GV show a spectrum harder than expected for a purely secondary component. Although recent theoretical work has shown that improved treatments of fragmentation and propagation may...
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Francesco Loparco (Universita e INFN, Bari (IT))02/07/2026, 16:45
We search for possible line-like and box-shaped spectral features in the Galactic gamma-ray spectra measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope in its first 17 years of operation in the 1 GeV – 1 TeV energy range. Such features could be produced by dark matter particles accumulated in the Milky Way halo, which could either self-annihilate or decay, yielding gamma rays in the final state....
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Costanza Marinelli (Gran Sasso Science Institute, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)02/07/2026, 17:00
We present a new statistical approach to search for ultra-high-energy photons in extensive air-shower data, aimed at enhancing sensitivity in regimes dominated by hadronic background, where the identification of individual photon candidates is challenging. The method quantifies the collective deviation of the data from the background expectation through a likelihood-ratio hypothesis test...
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Massimo Gervasi (Universita & INFN, Milano-Bicocca (IT))02/07/2026, 17:00
Effects of solar activity on the near-earth space are observed in several environments, like ionosphere, magnetosphere, radiation belts, etc., as well as in technological infrastructures in space and on the ground. The atmospheric muon flux in the cosmic ray cascades is one of the most significant indicators of solar activity and of the interactions of energetic particles with the atmosphere....
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Dr Chaitanya Priyadarshi (Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Kraków)02/07/2026, 17:15
Direction-time clustering methods for neutral particle searches are motivated by the possibility that ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutral particles are produced during flaring periods of various astrophysical sources. In this scenario, clusters of events correlated in both arrival direction and time would be generated, which, when observed, would indicate a neutral-particle flare, and a...
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Roberta Pillera (Universita e INFN, Bari (IT))02/07/2026, 17:15
NUSES is a mission dedicated to the development and in-orbit validation of new technologies for space-based detectors. The satellite is currently under construction, and the launch is scheduled for 2027. One of its payloads is Zirè, designed to measure electrons, protons, and light nuclei with energies below a few hundred MeV, as well as gamma rays from hundred keV up to a few tens of MeV....
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Rossella Caruso03/07/2026, 09:30
The search for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), by looking down on the Earth atmosphere from space to detect the Extensive Air Showers (EASs) initiated by such particles, is a challenging and visionary concept conceived for the first time by J. Linsley since 1979 and required a very long path, still ongoing, to materialise in real flights.
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This strategy is intended to complement the... -
Zheyi Ding03/07/2026, 10:15
Solar energetic particles (SEPs), spanning energies from suprathermal ions (a few keV) to relativistic particles (up to a few GeV), are accelerated at the Sun in association with solar flares and coronal mass ejection-driven shocks. Although our understanding of their origin, acceleration, and transport from the corona into interplanetary space has advanced greatly over the past four decades,...
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Paul Coppin (Universite de Geneve (CH))03/07/2026, 11:45
The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is an ongoing spaceborne experiment for direct detection of cosmic rays. DAMPE’s deep calorimeter and large dataset, accumulated over more than 10 years of operation, place the mission at the forefront of high-energy galactic cosmic-ray physics. This has enabled the measurement of cosmic-ray fluxes up to the PeV scale, unveiling new features in both...
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Sergey Koldobskiy (University of Oulu (FI))03/07/2026, 12:15
Terrestrial cosmogenic isotope records indicate that extreme solar particle events (ESPEs) occurred in the past, with magnitudes exceeding those observed during the space era by orders of magnitude. These rare events occur, on average, approximately once every 1,500 years.
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This talk will provide an overview of recent progress in ESPE research, including improved reconstructions from... -
Luigi Ernesto Ghezzer (Universita degli Studi di Trento and INFN (IT))
Low-energy antideuterons in cosmic rays offer a clean probe for dark matter annihilation and primordial antimatter in the Galaxy. The extremely low astrophysical background makes even a few detected events highly significant. Current limits from BESS Polar-II stand at Φ_d̄ < 6.7 × 10⁻⁵ (m²sr s GeV/n)⁻¹ for 163–1100 MeV/n, while experiments like AMS-02 and GAPS continue the search with improved...
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Renata Modzelewska
This study examines the variability of selected electrical power parameters in the Polish National Power System during the moderate geomagnetic storm of 14 November 2012, with the objective of assessing whether mid-latitude space weather conditions may influence power system operation. A preliminary cross-correlation analysis revealed that transformer stations at some locations exhibited...
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Martin Nguyen (Department of Computers and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice)
We present the results of a correlation analysis between cosmic ray intensities and cloud coverage, focusing on regions that exhibit the largest changes in cosmic ray intensities during geomagnetic storms. Meteorological data were obtained from the ECMWF model and EUMETSAT satellite observations. The cosmic ray intensities at the top of the atmosphere on a global scale are presented and...
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Helena Luciani (University and INFN of Trieste)
The next generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), currently the most sensitive ground-based instruments for very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, will be represented by the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). With two arrays located in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, CTAO will provide full-sky coverage with unprecedented sensitivity over a broad energy...
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Mr Manuel Valladares
In this contribution, we present the main features of ELFO, a compact cosmic ray detector with directional capabilities. The ELFO architecture consists of two vertically stacked planes, each containing four square scintillator cells. Each of the eight cells is read out independently by an Arduino-based system, which also manages a coincidence trigger between the upper and lower planes via an...
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Prof. Juan A. Garzon (Univ. Santiago de Compostela)
This study presents an estimation of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray electrons measured within the Physics Faculty building at the University of Santiago de Compostela, utilizing a COSMIX detector developed by the CNRS/IN2P3 LP2IB laboratory. The device consists of two scintillator detectors, each with a surface area of approximately 20 cm² and a 1 cm thickness. The data acquisition system...
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93. Experimental progress in constraining hadronic models with accelerator and astroparticle physicsDennis Soldin (University of Utah)
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Simone Benmela
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Helena Luciani (University and INFN of Trieste)CRI - Indirect measurements of cosmic raysOral contribution
Blazars are among the most variable and extreme astrophysical sources, and studying their flux variability, especially on short timescales, provides key insights into the physics of relativistic jets and the structure of their emitting regions.
PG 1553+113 is a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object at a redshift of 0.433, detected up to ~1 TeV by current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov...
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Dr Paula Gina Isar (Institute of Space Science - Subsidiary of INFLPR)
After nearly two decades, the Pierre Auger Observatory has entered its Phase II (AugerPrime), a new period of data collection employing improved electronics and upgraded detectors operating at least for ten more years. The main goal is to enhance the sensitivity in mass-sensitive measurements of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). AugerPrime accommodates hybrid detectors to facilitate...
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Simone Benella
Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) constitute an isotropic and persistent stream of high-energy particles that can be observed through a variety of space and ground based detectors. When they propagate through the heliosphere, they interact with solar wind and interplanetary magnetic fields and the low energy part of GCR the spectrum (say up to few GeVs) is then modulated. Beyond such a global...
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Helena Luciani (University and INFN of Trieste)
The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), the next-generation facility for very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy, will provide full-sky coverage with unprecedented sensitivity over an energy range from ~20 GeV to 300 TeV.
Among the proposed Key Science Projects, the Extragalactic Survey (EGAL) aims to observe approximately 25% of the extragalactic sky. Its main goals include...
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Jossitt Vargas (Universidad Pedagógica y tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)), Dr Juan Garzón (Universidad de Santigo de Compostela (USC) , Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM))
One of the main features of the miniTrasgo detectors is their sensitivity to both muons and electromagnetic showers. In this poster, we present preliminary simulation and experimental results regarding their capability to detect electrons across different energy ranges. We demonstrate how a sandwich layout of detector planes and three lead layers, with a total thickness of 4 cm, is sufficient...
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Renata Modzelewska
Using measurements from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) aboard the International Space Station, we have examined the long-term variations in galactic cosmic ray (GCR) proton fluxes in 2011–2018. The AMS-02 data allow for the study of time profiles and the rigidity dependence of the long-term variations observed directly in space in a wide rigidity range from 1 to 100GV. We have...
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Mr Ján Villim (Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Technical University of Košice)
We derive neutron monitor intensities using cosmic-ray spectra from AMS-02, magnetospheric transparency simulations from the COR system, and neutron monitor yield functions for the period 2011–2019, during which daily AMS-02 spectra are available. We evaluate the agreement between these simulated intensities and measured neutron monitor count rates across the entire period, under...
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Cayetano Soneira Landín (GFN - Complutense University of Madrid)
The miniTrasgo is a novel family of compact and affordable cosmic ray detectors designed to complement traditional neutron monitors and large-scale muon telescopes. Despite its small footprint (~0.1 m²), its high granularity, angular resolution, and sensitivity to both muons and high-energy electrons enable precise measurements of the cosmic ray background, providing access into a wide range...
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Mr Luis M. Crujeiras (Univ. Santiago de Compostela)
In this contribution, we present a unified software ecosystem designed to standardize data processing and analysis for the miniTrasgo International Network. The framework provides an intuitive interface for reproducible research by decoupling raw detector outputs—stored in a scalable 'data lake'—from a centralized PostgreSQL metadata index. At its core, the Cacatua Python SDK standardizes...
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Enrico Peretti (INAF-OAA)
Wind bubbles are ubiquitous at several scales throughout the Cosmos. They typically develop extended structures characterized by strong shocks and turbulence where high-energy cosmic rays can be efficiently accelerated. I will discuss the particle transport in these objects and I will especially focus on diffusive shock acceleration as a key acceleration mechanism. I will finally show some...
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