The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) space experiment, which has been developed by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States, is a high-energy astroparticle physics mission installed on the International Space Station (ISS). The primary goals of the CALET mission include studying the details of galactic cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation, and searching for possible...
The Multy-Purpose Detector (MPD) is designed to study a hot and dense baryonic matter formed in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=4-11 GeV at the NICA accelerator complex (Dubna, Russia). Large-sized electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) of the MPD spectrometer will provide precise spatial and energy measurements for photons and electrons in the central pseudorapidity region of...
Forward hadron calorimeter with transverse and longitudinal segmentation has been developed and constructed for the upgraded fixed target BM@N experiment at JINR, Dubna. The main purpose of this calorimeter is to provide event-by-event centrality and reaction plane orientation measurements in nucleus-nucleus collisions.
The design of the hadron calorimeter composed of sampling...
We study the rare decay $K_L\to\pi^0 \nu \bar{\nu}$ at the J-PARC KOTO experiment. The signature of the decay is two gammas from a $\pi^0$ decay and no other detectable particles. The two gammas are detected with a calorimeter. The calorimeter composed of undoped cesium iodide(CsI) crystals, and their energy, timing and two-dimensional position are measured. Small 2240 crystals (25 × 25 × 500...
The MEG II experiment is in preparation to search for the lepton flavour violating decay, $\mu\rightarrow e+\gamma$, aiming at the world’s highest sensitivity of $6\times 10^{-14}$, which is ten times better than that of the MEG experiment.
An improved photon measurement is a key to the high sensitivity of the MEG II experiment.
A liquid xenon (LXe) photon detector with highly granular...
The CMS Collaboration is preparing to build replacement endcap calorimeters for the HL-LHC era. The new high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) was first discussed publicly at CHEF 2013. As the name implies, it is a highly-granular sampling calorimeter with approximately six million silicon sensor channels (~1.1cm^2 or 0.5cm^2 cells) and about four hundred thousand channels of scintillator tiles...
A new concept of high-granularity calorimetry based on crystals has been proposed for the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) with an aim to reach unprecedented energy resolution as well as 3D-positioning precision. In this conceptual design, crystals are finely segmented in both transverse and longitudinal directions. Each crystal is optically isolated and read out by a compact...
The electromagnetic (EM) calorimeter with longitudinal segmentation , his design and beam test results are presented. The EM calorimeter of "shashlik" type was divided longitudinally on 4 tiles. The idea of such calorimeter type was an improving the particles identification take in account longitudinal shower profile for electrons, muons and hadrons. This calorimeter via a single...
Traditional energy measurements in hadron detection have always been spoiled by the non-compensation problem. Hadronic showers develop an electromagnetic component, from neutral mesons’ decays, over-imposed on the non-electromagnetic one. As the calorimeter samples the two with different responses, fluctuations between them directly spoil the hadronic energy resolution. This sets an...
The Analogue Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) developed by the CALICE collaboration is a scalable engineering prototype for a Linear Collider detector. It is a sampling calorimeter of steel absorber plates and 3*3 cm$^2$ plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as active material (SiPM-on-tile). The front-end chips are integrated into the active layers of the...
Circular Electron Position Collider(CEPC) is aimed at being Higgs and Z bosons factory and precisely measuring the mass of Higgs. High granularity calorimeter which is based on particle flow algorithm(PFA) could achieve the jet energy resolution 3%~4%. One proposal of Hadronic Calorimeter(HCAL) is Analog HCAL(AHCAL) consists of stainless as absorber and scintillator as active layer. This...
The Circular Electron Position Collider (CEPC) has been proposed as a Higgs or Z factory. Particle flow-oriented electromagnetic (ECAL) and hadronic calorimeters (HCAL) comprise a baseline design of the CEPC calorimetry system. The ECAL consists of alternating tungsten and scintillator layers, with the scintillator bottom-coupled to SiPMs. Advanced studies of the single photon response curves...
The High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) at CERN will provide unprecedented instantaneous and integrated luminosities of around $5 \times 10^{34} ~\mathrm{cm^{-2}~s^{-1}}$ and $3000 ~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$, respectively, from 2025 to 2035. During this operational period, an average of 140 to 200 collisions per bunch-crossing (pile up) is expected, posing a challenge to the event...
The present electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters of the CMS experiment will be upgraded to cope up with the harsh radiation environment and pileup conditions posed by the high luminosity operations of LHC (HL-LHC) expected to start in 2026. CMS has opted for a sampling calorimeter, based on silicon and scintillator technologies, with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal segmentation...
High-granularity calorimeters utilizing silicon pad sensors as main active material are being designed for the CMS endcap calorimeter upgrade and have been proposed for the electromagnetic calorimeters at CLIC, ILC and FCC-ee. The silicon sensors in such experiments are foreseen to cover a very large area of O(1000m2 ). They are typically produced from 6- or 8-inch wafers and consist of a few...
Motoi INABA for the ALICE FoCal collaboration.
We are planning to realize a forward calorimeter (FoCal) as part of a detector upgrade of the ALICE experiment at LHC. The installation of and data taking with FoCal are expected during Long Shutdown 3 (in 2024 - 2026) and Run-4 (in 2026 - 2028), respectively.
FoCal will consist of the Si+W electromagnetic calorimeter and a conventional...
The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the central section of the hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment. It provides important information for reconstruction of hadrons, jets, hadronic decays of tau leptons and missing transverse energy. This sampling calorimeter uses steel plates as absorber and scintillating tiles as active medium. Scintillating light is transmitted by wavelength...
Shashlyk-type electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) of the Multy-Purpose Detector at heavy-ion NICA collider is optimized to provide precise spatial and energy measurements for photons and electrons in the energy range from about 40 MeV to 2-3 GeV. To deal with high multiplicity of secondary particles from Au-Au reaction, ECal has a fine segmentation and consists of 38,400 cells ("towers"). Given...
Recently developed new forward lead/scintillator sampling hadron calorimeters with transverse and longitudinal segmentation will be used in the upgraded BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) experiment at the Nuclotron-NICA acceleration complex in JINR (Dubna) as well as in the CBM (Compressed Baryonic Matter) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR, GSI). These...
Inorganic scintillators with high density and high light output are widely used for the detection of ionizing radiation in high energy physics, space exploration, modern medical imaging and industry. Recently developed cerium-doped Gd3AL2Ga3O12 (GAGG:Ce) crystal is a promising scintillator with high density, high light yield , fast scintillation decay time and non-hygroscopicity used for...
We present light yield and uniformity measurements of square tiles and hexagonal tiles that are read out with SiPMs via a Y11 fiber or directly from the side or from the top in a dimple. All tiles have an area of 9~cm^2. Their sides are wrapped with two layers of Teflon tape and the top and bottom faces are wrapped with two layers of Tyvec paper. We further show the first light yield and...
The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a novel developed device with excellent single photon detection ability. Large dynamic range SiPM has been studied in high granularity calorimeter due to the advantages of insensitivity to magnetic fields, compactness, robustness, low bias voltage and low power. The Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) developed a low cost and large dynamic range SiPM with high...
The saturation of SiPM can be an issue for scintillator calorimeter with SiPM readout. When a large number of particles hit a scintillator and a large number of photons are injected to a SiPM, the output of the SiPM can be saturated due to the limited number of pixels. In order to convert the output of the SiPM into the number of incident photons correctly, it is necessary to understand the...
One of the concepts for detector mounted on the interaction point of ILC is International Large Detector (ILD). Sc-ECAL is a proposed option for the electromagnetic calorimeter of ILD based on 5 × 45 × 2 mm$^{3}$ plastic scintillator strip readout by SiPM. Virtual 5 × 5 mm$^{2}$ segmentation is realized by x-y configuration of strips.
SiPMs with small cell pitch such as 10 and 15 $\mu$m are...
Hamamatsu photonics has been producing many sensors like a photo-multiplier tube to HEP (high energy physics) experiments. Recently our Si sensors are used in many collider experiments. In LHC project, our SSD (Silicon strip detector) and Si-APD (Avalanche photodiode) were installed in CMS and ATLAS detectors, and contributed to the Nobel-Prize winning discovery of the Higgs boson in 2013. For...
We are studying silicon sensors with high time resolution for the particle identification in the International Linear Collider (ILC). In the International Large Detector (ILD), one of two detector concepts for the ILC, particle identification can be achieved with dE/dx measurement with the Time Projection Chamber, but is has insensitive energy range which has similar dE/dx with multiple kinds...
The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a future electron-positron collider for precise measurements of Higgs bosons and various BSM searches. Silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is one of the candidates to be used in the International Large Detector (ILD), one of the detector concepts for the ILC. The silicon sensor of the SiW-ECAL is segmented by 5.5 mm square cells to...
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) incorporates two kinds of electromagnetic calorimeters: highly granulated photon spectrometer PHOS and large acceptance calorimeter EMCAL/DCAL. Both are located in the central part of the ALICE detector.
The PHOS spectrometer is an electromagnetic calorimeter based on scintillating PbWO$_4$ crystals dedicated to the precise measurements of spectra,...
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB accelerator complex is the intensity frontier electron-positron colliding beam experiment. The electromagnetic calorimeter consists of the 8736 CsI(Tl) crystals with the attached PIN-photodiodes inherited from the Belle experiment. In order to ensure high rate capability and immunity against beam background, the electronics have been upgraded with...
Liquid argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters are employed by ATLAS for all electromagnetic calorimetry in the pseudo-rapidity region |η| < 3.2, and for hadronic and forward calorimetry in the region from |η| = 1.5 to |η| = 4.9. In the first LHC run a total luminosity of 27 fb$^{-1}$ has been collected at center-of-mass energies of 7-8 TeV. After detector consolidation during a long shutdown, Run-2...
Many physics analyses using the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the LHC require accurate, high resolution electron and photon energy measurements. Excellent energy resolution is crucial for studies of Higgs boson decays with electromagnetic particles in the final state, as well as searches for very high mass resonances decaying to energetic photons or electrons. The CMS electromagnetic...
The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is a high resolution crystal calorimeter operating at the CERN LHC. It is responsible for the identification and precise reconstruction of electrons and photons in CMS, which were crucial in the discovery and subsequent characterization of the Higgs boson. It also contributes to the reconstruction of tau leptons, jets, and calorimeter energy sums,...
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is a sampling hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment, with steel as absorber and plastic scintillators as active medium. The scintillators are read out by wavelength shifting fibres to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs at the back of each wedge-shaped calorimeter module. The analogue signals from the PMTs are amplified, shaped, and...
We present developments towards an engineering design of the phase 2 upgrade of the CMS endcap calorimeter with a focus on the section instrumented with scintillator tiles directly read by SiPMs. With respect to earlier developments targeted at a future e+e- collider, additional challenges in terms of radiation hardness, data rates and mechanical integration including cooling need to be...
The existing CMS endcap calorimeters will be replaced with a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) for operation at the High Luminosity (HL) LHC. Radiation hardness and excellent physics performance will be achieved by utilising silicon pad sensors and SiPM-on-scintillator tiles with high longitudinal and transverse segmentation. One of the major challenges of the HL-LHC will be the high pileup...
Following new TDAQ buffering requirements and high expected radiation doses in the pileup conditions of the high-luminosity LHC, the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter electronics will be upgraded to readout the 182,500 calorimeter cells at 40 MHz with 16 bit dynamic range.
The triangular calorimeter signals are amplified and shaped by the analogue electronics over a dynamic range of 16 bits,...
The High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), presently being designed by the CMS collaboration to replace the CMS endcap calorimeters for the High Luminosity phase of LHC, will feature six million channels. The requirements for the front-end electronics are extremely challenging, including high dynamic range (0-10 pC), low noise (~2000e- to be able to calibrate on single MIP throughout the...
The CMS collaboration has chosen a novel high granularity calorimeter for the endcap regions as part of its planned upgrade for the high luminosity LHC. The calorimeter will have fine segmentation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions and will be the first such calorimeter specifically optimised for particle flow reconstruction to operate at a colliding-beam experiment. The...
Time synchronization and data acquisition systems are designed for the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of Multi Purpose Detector at NICA collider. The DAQ system comprises 43,000 readout channels with waveform digitizers and with pulse reconstruction algorithms signal magnitude and time of arrival are found.
Clock distribution and time tag synchronization are performed with White Rabbit...
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts for the detector(s) at the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration.
During the last year a highly compact digitial read...
LHC-ATLAS experiment is in the middle of Phase-I upgrade for Run3 from 2021 and High-Luminosity LHC run from 2026, which instantaneous luminosity is going to be higher than it's ever experienced. In order to achieve lower trigger rate than required at the first stage trigger, 100 kHz, Liquid Argon Calorimeter group is working on an upgrade of its trigger readout electronics. Granularity of the...
LHC ATLAS Run3 experiment will start from 2021 with higher instantaneous luminosity. ATLAS experiment uses two staged trigger system, the first trigger system is based on hardware, and the second is performed with PC farm. With two staged trigger system, trigger rate can be suppressed to 1KHz from bunch crossing rate of 40MHz. In order to improve trigger performance under high luminosity and...
The ATLAS hadronic Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) will undergo major upgrades to the on- and off-detector electronics in preparation for the high luminosity programme of the LHC in 2026, so that the system can cope with the HL-LHC increased radiation levels and out-of-time pileup. The on-detector electronics of the upgraded system will continuously digitize and transmit all photomultiplier...
Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Over the past several years, along with the new Geant4 version 10 series, major changes have been made to...
Geant4 is the main software tool for the simulation of calorimeter response.
In this work we report recent developments of Geant4 physics models, which
will be available in the coming version 10.6, scheduled for December 2019.
The main directions of Geant4 developments will be discussed: improvements
of physics model accuracy, technical modifications to increase CPU performance,
and user...
We have simulated the track length and the total energy deposited by high energy particles, and found a very good correlation between these two observables in large homogeneous calorimeter. A straight-line fit does not pass through the origin, but the intercept of energy deposited is proportional to the incident energy. Moreover, for both electrons and hadrons the slope of the straight line is...
Design of new experiments, as well as upgrade of ongoing ones, is a continuous process in the experimental high energy physics. Frontier R&Ds are used to squeeze the maximum physics performance using cutting edge detector technologies.
The evaluation of physics performance for particular configuration includes sketching this configuration in Geant, simulating typical signals and...
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadron Calorimeter technological prototype that was completed in 2011 is a sampling calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chamber detectors as the active medium. This technology is one of the two options proposed for the hadron calorimeter of the International Large Detector for the International Linear Collider. The prototype was exposed to beams of muons, electrons...
The current developments for future electron-positron colliders are driven by the Particle Flow concept. In these developments, high granularity calorimeters play a central role. This presentation will focus on a new Particle Flow Algorithme (PFA) developed for high granularity calorimeters, and especially for the Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) option of the International Large...
The CMS endcap calorimeter upgrade for high luminosity LHC in 2025 uses silicon sensors to achieve radiation tolerance, with the further benefit of a very high readout granularity. Small scintillator tiles with individual SiPM readout are used in regions permitted by the radiation levels. A reconstruction sequence is being developed to fully exploit the granularity and other significant...
We have developed an energy calibration method for the ILC SiD EM calorimeter (ECAL), a sampling calorimeter consisting with 30 Silicon-Tungsten layers, using machine learning.
Our approach uses a deep neural network (DNN) in a regression problem to obtain the energy of the incident particle from the list of measured energy deposits (energy calibration).
The DNN is used to express the...
Sampling calorimeter is essential for physics measurements in high-energy frontier collider experiments using Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA). In order to separate the particles in a jet incident on the calorimeter, three-dimensional detailed information is required. Therefore, in calorimeters optimized for PFA, not only energy information but also position information is very important....
The next-generation Higgs Factory, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) project, can be a powerful approach to new physics based on Higgs precision measurements. The International Large Detector (ILD) which is one of the detector concept for the ILC is designed to be optimized for the Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) to enable the most sensitive measurement with the highest...
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts for the detector(s) at the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration.
The contribution will report for the first time on...
The CALICE Semi-digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) prototype using Glass Resistive Plate Chambers as a sensitive medium is the first technological prototype in a family of high-granularity calorimeters developed by the CALICE Collaboration to equip the experiments of future leptonic colliders. It was exposed to beams of hadrons, electrons and muons several times on the CERN PS and SPS...
PHOS is one of the two electromagnetic calorimeters of ALICE. It is designed for high precision measurements of direct photon and neutral meson spectra and their correlations in high and low multiplicity environments. These measurements rely on a high purity photon spectrum. PHOS consists of four modules of PbWO$_{4}$ crystals with a charged-particle veto (CPV) detector installed in front of...
The main goal of NICA/MPD is to investigate the hot and dense baryonic matter in heavy-ion collisions over a wide range of atomic masses, from $Au+Au$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 11GeV$ (for $Au^{79+}$) to proton-proton collisions with $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 20GeV$. Electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) is an important detector of the MPD to identify electrons, photons and...
In light of the upgrade program of the ALICE detector a calorimeter at forward rapidities (FoCal) is being considered. This detector would measure photons, electrons, positrons and jets for rapidities η > 3, offering a wealth of physics possibilities. Its main focus will be on measurements related to the structure of nucleons and nuclei at very low Bjorken-x and possible effects of gluon...
