We will give an overview of what kind of silicon processing techniques exist and how they can be applied to produce silicon radiation detectors. After an introduction into microsystem technology and its equipment, we will discuss the main steps of how to process a simple planar radiation detector. The differences to conventional, industrial CMOS processes will be pointed out in particular. We...
The Trento Proton Therapy Center is a cyclotron based proton therapy center located in Trento (Italy) where proton beams with energies from 70 MeV up to 228 MeV are used for cancer treatment. The Center started clinical operations in 2015 and since then more than 1300 patients were treated.
The facility features not only two patient rooms, both equipped with 360 degree rotating gantries, but...
The ELSA facility at Bonn University offers a primary electron beam for two hadron physics experiments and detector test applications. The beam is extracted from a 0.5 to 3.2 GeV storage ring with an energy deviation smaller than 0.1 percent. A dedicated detector test beamline has started operation in mid 2016 and has so far served the local high-energy physics research group in several...
In this overview, we will describe the last activities regarding the INFN-LNF beam test facility (BTF) beam implementation from the LINAC point of view and the related BTF conditioning and detection capabilities. A glance at the last experiment with 300ns pulse and an overview of the lines doubling project will end our description.
The test beam and irradiation facilities at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) are well established. They are highly versatile and provide hadron, electron and muon beams at a configurable momentum and intensity. Depending on the year, ion beams are available as well.
As CERN is ramping up its accelerator chain again after the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), this...
The DESY II Test Beam Facility provides user groups with three test beams of several kiloelectrons per second with energies between 1 and 6 GeV - typically for around 40 weeks every year.
As part of the test beam infrastructure, permanently installed EUDET-type beam telescopes are available to all users. They have been successfully operated for more than ten years and still provide a...
The IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) has installed a specific beam line for tests and irradiation of detectors with the 25 MeV proton beam of the cyclotron CYRCé. Beam intensities range from 1 fA to maximal 100 nA. The Cyclotron delivers a pulsed beam with a frequency of 85 MHz, which can be divided at the source by an oscillating electrostatic field of 21.25MHz down to 42.5...
The upcoming High-Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) and the R&D on future accelerators (FCC) require radiation hardness tests and qualification of tracking and calorimetry detector components as well as muon gas detectors. The reference facilities at CERN for this kind of irradiation tests are the East Area Proton Irradiation Facility (IRRAD) and the North Area...
We describe the current status of the AIDA-2020 Trigger/Timing Logic Unit(TLU) and plans for development during the AIDAInnova project.
An FPGA-based system has been developed in collaboration with FNAL and CERN to eliminate legacy NIM units and crates currently used in test beams, cosmic test telescopes, etc. Eight PM or SiPM inputs are conditioned by a Lemo-fed daughter card to a Zedboard, driving 4 NIM- and 4 TTL- level coupled outputs. Any Boolean combination of inputs can be selected for the outputs. All is controlled by...
The experiment PADME is installed at the Beam Test Facility of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati and its main goal its to search for a light boson A′ associated to a broken U(1) gauge symmetry (usually called dark photon) acting as a neutral portal between the visible and the dark sector.
PADME has collected data in two runs. The first one used a secondary positron beam, but the...
The measurement of the muon g-2 presently exhibits a 3.5$\sigma$ discrepancy from the Standard Model prediction. In the next years, it will be measured at Fermilab and J-PARC with even higher precision. Given this experimental effort, it is extremely important to reduce also the error on the theoretical prediction, which is dominated by the uncertainty on the hadronic contribution...
Scope of the Tutorial
The goal of this tutorial is to understand the usage of basic functionalities of the Allpix Squared simulation framework and methods to extract some of the relevant quantities for sensor studies. The participants will be provided with a task and instructions, covering the basic concepts of configuring a simulation and a detector geometry, and extracting and...
Corryvreckan is a modular test beam data reconstruction and analysis framework initially developed within the CLICdp collaboration, and used by a growing community including from many different experiments and institutes. Its modular structure allows for a separation between the framework core and the implementation of the algorithms in each module. This allows users to ‘plug-in’ the required...
Scope of the Tutorial
If you are a user of Allpix Squared already, but are struggling with a certain feature or the implementation of your highly specialized simulation chain, then this is the right platform for you. In this tutorial the developers of Allpix Squared demonstrate apporaches to your issues and answer your questions.
Please submit your questions prior to the tutorial via...
Hybrid pixel detector modules are the basic building blocks of vertex detectors in HEP as well as solid state detector cameras for x-ray imaging. A pixelated sensor chip, made of silicon or III/V semiconductor, is connected to one or more electronic readout chips by thousands of electrically conductive interconnect structures.
The talk will give an overview of different types of...
New GAGG/CsI phoswich assemblies are being developed at the Galician Institute for High Energy Physics, aiming to provide improvements in sensitivity, and spatial resolution for PET and SPECT medical imaging devices. The phoswich technique is used in PET developments to improve spatial resolution by obtaining the depth of interaction (DOI) measurement. In this work, a scanner detector made of...
The main goal of the FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment is the measurement of the differential cross sections of the fragments produced by the nuclear interaction of the incident light ion beam (proton, Helium, Carbon, ...) with different targets (proton, Carbon, Oxygen, ...). Depending on the beam energy, the purpose of the measurements is twofold: in the $[150-400]$ MeV/u range, the...
Future experiments in particle physics need a few-micrometer position resolution in their tracker and vertex detectors. Instead of scaling down pitch sizes, the so-called enhanced lateral drift (ELAD) sensor concept seeks to improve the position resolution by increasing the lateral size of the charge distribution already during the drift in the sensor material. The ELAD sensor design has been...
The MuPix-telescope is a continuously evolving tracking telescope with very high rate capabilities that makes use of the most recent high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensor (HV-MAPS).
The nominal structure consists of three tracking layers of 100$\,\mu$m thin HV-MAPS chips, at present MuPix10, and a DUT layer, complemented by scintillating tiles for additional time information. MuPix10 is...
Stringent requirements are posed on the next generations of vertex and tracking detectors for high-energy physics experiments to reach the foreseen physics goals. Hence, a large variety of silicon sensors targeting the specific needs of each use case are developed and tested both in laboratory and test-beam measurement campaigns. An increasing number of these detectors provides hit time...
The Argonne Pixel Tracking Telescope is installed at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility to study the performance of various pixel detectors and new DAQ systems. The tracking telescope consists of six planar n-in-p silicon sensors and read out by the FE-I4 front-end chip with a pixel size of 250 $\times$ 50 μm$^2$. The telescope performance is evaluated using a 120 GeV proton beam. The measured...
In this talk the silicon strip-based telescope installed in the Fermilab Test Beam Facility will be presented. The telescope is composed by twelve planes, six upstream and six downstream the detector under test (DUT) station. Each plane is made of 640 strips with 60 $\mu m$ pitch, capacitively readout by the FSSR2 chip. The alignment algorithm, based on a Kalman filter approach will be also...
The LHCb collaboration is studying options for an Upgrade 2 of the experiment, to be installed in the long shutdown LS4 of the LHC. Studies for the three planar tracking stations downstream of the LHCb spectrometer magnet focus on a mixed detector technology, with Scintillating Fibres covering the outer part of each tracking station and a silicon pixel detector based on HV-CMOS technology...
The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a pixelated monolithic sensor targeting the requirements of the tracking detector for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). CLICTD is fabricated in a modified 180 nm CMOS imaging process. It features a high-resistivity epitaxial layer and a small collection diode. The front-end design is based on an innovative sub-pixel segmentation scheme which allows for...
The experimental conditions at future colliders pose new challenges for silicon pixel technologies. In particular, the next generation of inner detector sub-systems will require simultaneously high efficiency, high resolution, low material budget, and low power consumption pixel detectors. One example is the vertex detector of the proposed Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), an electron-positron...
The High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will require new high-radiation tolerant silicon pixel sensors for the innermost layers of tracking detectors, capable of withstanding fluences up to 2.3E16 neq/cm2 (1MeV equivalent neutrons). In this presentation results obtained in beam test experiments with FBK planr and 3D pixel sensors interconnected with the RD53A...
"The ATLAS ITk Pixel test-beam data have been processed so far using two software packages: EUTelescope for the reconstruction and TBmon2 for the analysis. The EUTelescope package has been discontinued and therefore the ATLAS ITk Pixel group is transitioning to a new reconstruction and analysis tool: Corryvreckan. In this presentation the first use of the Corryvreckan package on existing ATLAS...
Scope of the Tutorial
The goal of this tutorial is to understand the usage of basic functionalities of the Allpix Squared simulation framework and methods to extract some of the relevant quantities for sensor studies. The participants will be provided with a task and instructions, covering the basic concepts of configuring a simulation and a detector geometry, and extracting and...
Corryvreckan is a modular test beam data reconstruction and analysis framework initially developed within the CLICdp collaboration, and used by a growing community including from many different experiments and institutes. Its modular structure allows for a separation between the framework core and the implementation of the algorithms in each module. This allows users to ‘plug-in’ the required...
Scope of the Tutorial
If you are a user of Allpix Squared already, but are struggling with a certain feature or the implementation of your highly specialized simulation chain, then this is the right platform for you. In this tutorial the developers of Allpix Squared demonstrate apporaches to your issues and answer your questions.
Please submit your questions prior to the tutorial via...
Data acquisition electronics for particle detectors is generally structured into
front-end and back-end systems. The front-end electronics must be placed close to the
sensors in order to minimize the noise. Thus, they are usually located inside the detector
which typically implies a high radiation environment. It includes an analog part with a
signal conditioning stage which depends on the...
The CMS detector will be upgraded in the Phase-2 Upgrade for the
operation at the HL-LHC. Among others, the silicon tracking system
will be completely replaced by a new system providing an extended
acceptance, an improved granularity and the feature to include tracking
information into the level-1 trigger. The new Outer Tracker will
consist of 2S modules with two strip sensors and PS...
In order to cope with the occupancy and radiation doses expected at the High-Luminosity LHC, the ATLAS experiment will replace its Inner Detector with an all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk), containing pixel and strip subsystems. The strip subsystem will be built from modules, consisting of one n+-in-p silicon sensor, one or two PCB hybrids containing the front-end electronics, and one powerboard...
Future particle physics experiments are motivated by the increase in luminosity and thus the need for intelligent tracking detectors providing fast track and momentum information to select events of interest. The next generation tracking detectors are mostly all silicon detectors and thus finding a cost effective solution to maximise the output is important.
A recent R&D project is using...
The expected increase of the particle flux at the high luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) with instantaneous luminosities up to L ≃ 7.5×10^34 cm−2 s-1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector performance. The pile-up is expected to increase on average to 200 interactions per bunch crossing. The reconstruction and trigger performance for electrons, photons as well as jets and...
Contribution will be presented in two parts:
I.
In 2027 CERN is expected to start the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase. HL-LHC will integrate 10 times the current luminosity, leading to a high pile-up rate and unprecendent radiation levels. In order to cope with such a harsh environment and maintain the current physics performance, a major upgrade of the LHC detectors is required. As part...
For the HL-LHC phase, the calorimeter endcap of the CMS detector will be upgraded with a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), a sampling calorimeter which will use silicon sensors as well as scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as active material (SiPM-on-tile). The complete HGCAL will be operated at -30 degC. The SiPMs will be used in areas where the expected...
The Analogue Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) developed by the CALICE collaboration is a scalable engineering prototype for a detector at future electron-positron energy frontier colliders. It is a sampling calorimeter of steel absorber plates and 3*3 cm$^2$ plastic scintillator tiles individually read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as active material. The front-end ASICS (SPIROC2E) are...
We present an iterative image reconstruction for a novel tomographic technique using an electron beam with energies from several hundreds megaelectronvolt to a few gigaelectronvolt. When a high-energy electron beam passes through an object, the electrons are deflected by multiple Coulomb scattering, and the angular distribution depends on the material budget of the traversed material. The...
The Inner Tracker of the ATLAS experiment requires optimal performance of its pixel sensors. To test their efficiency,a precise track reconstruction and analysis for testbeam data is necessary to ensure the precise detection of particles. In the last years, track reconstruction was mostly done with the EUTelescope software, a generic and versatile framework.
In 2017, the new track...
Since the first release of Allpix$^2$ in fall 2017, more than 30 developers have contributed to more than 25 stable releases. Over this time, the silicon detector simulation framework has been enriched by features ranging from physics aspects such the implementation of magnetic fields in particle and charge carrier propagation, over simulation aspects like the possibility to conduct full...
The development of large scale detectors requires high throughput testing capabilities. The ideal approach for large high energy physics collaborations is to spread the testing over different institutes. However, this requires standardized equipment that, ideally, should be operable by non-experts. We propose an affordable test platform that automatically recognizes and identifies the device...
