Speakers
Description
Quantum computing has recently gained interest from industry, opening new fields of applications. Air Liquide Advanced Technologies, thanks to its experiences on ultra-low temperature systems (CryoConcept, subsidiary has been commercializing Dilution Fridges for 20 years for scientific labs) and on Helium Refrigeration and Liquefaction systems for Physics and Industry, is actively developing solutions to address the many emerging challenges associated with Quantum Data Centers.
The prevailing technology and architecture for quantum computers currently rely on superconducting q-bit technology cooled below 20 millikelvins. The operation of these systems relies on more and more powerful dilution refrigerators, simultaneously thermalizing q-bits, communication cabling, and signal modulators. Over the last 40 years, the majority of dilution fridges have been "dry," meaning pre-cooling (50 K and 3-4 K) is performed using cryocoolers, particularly Pulsed-Tube Technologies. While these systems, used in numerous labs and R&D centers, offer many advantages, their scalability for larger quantum systems has raised several questions, notably concerning the increase in cold power capacity and overall energy efficiency.
This presentation will delve into the scalability of cryogenic systems dedicated to superconducting q-bit cooling in quantum data centers. After a description of capabilities and functionalities of present large “state of the art” dilution fridges, their first incremental challenges will be analyzed. Then, we will shed light on the critical importance of anticipating the impact of advancements in error correction, implementing multiplexing to minimize cable complexity, and enhancing q-bit coherence for remote system operation. The discussion will underscore the pivotal role of rethinking system architecture and refrigeration challenges in achieving these significant milestones for quantum computing infrastructure at scale. We will also present an energy benchmark for cryogenic solutions, or how a change in the thermodynamic cycle can pave the way to reduced operating costs of quantum data centers. By exploring these aspects, the presentation aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding the future of quantum computing and its integration into large-scale data centers, offering insights into the intricate challenges and innovative solutions within this burgeoning field
| Submitters Country | France |
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