Conveners
Tue-Po-1.6: H2 & LNG 1
- Hendrie Derking (Cryoworld BV)
Exact knowledge of the equilibrium ortho-parahydrogen ratio is of crucial importance for most engineering applications related to liquid hydrogen. It is usually determined using the Boltzmann distribution rooted in statistical thermodynamics. This distribution requires some assumptions regarding the modeling of the rotational energy levels related to the different rotational states of the...
As a recognized low-carbon clean energy, hydrogen energy is an important part of the global energy transformation. In the vigorously developed hydrogen energy industry chain of production-storage-transportation-use, cryogenic liquid hydrogen has gradually become an effective means to realize large-scale application of hydrogen energy and long-distance, large-capacity and long-term energy...
Self-pressurization phenomenon due to heat leakage into liquid hydrogen (LH2) tanks, is considered the primary challenge and dominating factor for its long-term storage and safe operation. Until now, there is still a difficulty in accurately predicting the pressure evolution in such tanks. Despite the wide-spread use of CFD as a mature-developed non-equilibrium modeling approach, intrinsic...
Hydrogen energy holds significant potential as a novel and clean alternative energy source. Due to its low density under ambient conditions, hydrogen faces challenges in storage and transportation. Consequently, various high-density hydrogen storage and transportation methods have emerged in recent years, including compressed gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, and cryo-compressed hydrogen....
Liquid hydrogen is a promising vector for long distance clean energy distribution through shipping. The rapid onloading and offloading times necessary for liquid hydrogen export and the need for regular tank inspections require tanks to be warmed up and chilled down quickly and efficiently. For large tanks utilizing evacuated powder insulation, this can be a slow process due to the low thermal...
Currently, several hydrogen liquefaction plants are being built in Korea, and the distribution of liquid hydrogen to society is only a few years away. One of the major sources of liquid hydrogen demand is liquid hydrogen-based charging stations. These stations serve as pivotal hubs, utilizing liquid hydrogen as a storage medium, employing a pump for pressurization, and delivering low-pressure...
The rate of self-pressurization in partially filled cryogenic tanks is dependent on vapour-liquid heat transfer and the ability of the liquid to transfer heat from the surface. This heat transfer may be enhanced by tank motion, such as during transport, which can lead to different pressurisation profiles depending on the mode of liquid sloshing within the tank. In pressurized liquid hydrogen...
Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as an ideal clean energy source, with its use in industry proliferating. Among various storage and transportation methods, liquid hydrogen storage stands out for its high efficiency. However, the risk of accidental leaks leading to the formation of hydrogen clouds poses safety concerns due to hydrogen's high explosion potential and low ignition energy....
Liquid hydrogen (LH$_2$) is believed as the top-rising storage method for long-distance and massive bulk transportation of hydrogen. However, LH$_2$ is easy to vaporize, and also flammable and explosive. It’s necessary to release the boil-off gas for pressure reduction after the safe pressure limit of the container. An improper release time or frequency would pose a safety threat to the...
A thermodynamic investigation is performed to determine the optimal para fraction of liquid hydrogen for efficient liquefaction and storage. Ortho-to-para (OP) conversion is required in hydrogen liquefaction process, because any residual ortho-hydrogen in cryogenic liquid would eventually result in a boil-off loss due to the conversion heat. On the other hand, a liquefier should be capable of...
Currently, there is a great need for test facilities for material samples and components for later LH2 applications. This includes low temperature compatibility at 20 K, H2 compatibility and potential degradation or permeation effects. A versatile test apparatus has been developed without the need of an external LH2 supply. A limited LH2 quantity of typically 2–3 L is generated directly on...
Hydrogen is an important green energy source, but its low density and low boiling point bring problems for large-scale storage and transportation. Presently, liquid hydrogen storage and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage are two main hydrogen storage technologies. However, Liquid hydrogen storage has the problems of ortho-para hydrogen conversion and high liquefaction energy consumption;...
Safe, compact, lightweight, and cost-effective hydrogen storage technology is key to the comprehensive development of hydrogen energy. Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage refers to the use of adiabatic, pressure-resistant vessels to store hydrogen in a supercritical state under the cryogenic temperature and high-pressure. Compared with other hydrogen storage methods, it has significant advantages...
Mobile cryogenic tanks are used to transport liquefied process gases in large quantities. To increase the possible distances and minimize the product loss due to evaporation, the tanks can be additionally equipped with a liquid-cooled thermal shield. The known vapor-cooled shields use the boil-off gas of the main product by feeding it through the pipe wound on the outside of the container to...
The export of liquid hydrogen (LH2) offers a carbon neutral replacement for liquefied natural gas (LNG). However, among the key challenges in the storage and transport LH2 is the requirement for significantly insulated tanks due to the low storage temperatures required when compared to LNG. During the return voyage, tanks may carry a small amount of liquid (heel) to maintain low temperatures...
