Conveners
Wed-Po-2.2: Materials, Testing & Electronic Devices
- Simon Otten
In support of efforts related to the design of future industrial liquid hydrogen storage tanks, the Cryogenics Test Laboratory at NASA Kennedy Space Center has recently begun thermal performance characterization of various insulation systems in different gas background environments, including nitrogen, helium and hydrogen, using the Cryostat-100 (CS100) liquid nitrogen boiloff calorimeter. ...
Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites (CFRP) are widely used in cryogenic engineering due to their light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance. Practical applications often involve processing CFRP structural components with holes. However, the presence of these holes have an important effect on the overall mechanical properties of the material. In this study, we introduce...
Hall sensors are commonly used as a non-contact way to relay positional data inside a cryostat to an external motion controller. However, cryogenic Hall sensors can be cost prohibitive and require peripheral electronics to interface with the motion controller. Here we contrast the accuracy and reliability of non-contact reed switches in cryogenic environments against the commercially available...
The use of cryogenics plays a major role in the operation of modern high-energy accelerators and ensures the superconducting state of beam-guiding and focusing magnets. A profound understanding of the thermo-mechanical behavior of the structures and components is therefore crucial, particularly for the strain-sensitive Nb$_3$Sn-based superconducting coils. Inaccuracies in considering processes...
Thermal switches are used in cryogenic systems to manage temperature, which helps in speeding up the cooling process. The convective heat switch is a thermal switch that controls the heat transfer between different components. Previously, we investigated a thermal switch of a novel structure using CFD methods and gained some helpful information for processing. In this research paper, we...
The determination of the thermal expansion of lightweight composite structures, such as honeycomb panels is of great interest for various high added value industries. However, those measurements are challenging, as they are typically not possible with with well-established methods due to their complex geometries. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using the Rayleigh...
The Application of Liquid Hydrogen project (AppLHy) aims to investigate the combined transportation of liquid hydrogen as chemical energy carrier and the use of superconductors for efficient electrical energy transport in a hybride pipeline. It is crucial to evaluate material properties for the development of such a hybrid pipeline operating under cryogenic temperatures and exposure to liquid...
Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is considered to be one of the most ambitious fusion energy projects capable of producing large-scale nuclear fusion reactions, whose superconducting magnet system consists of the toroidal field (TF) coils, central solenoid (CS) coils and poloidal field (PF) coils. The modified N50 austenitic stainless steel has been determined to be applied as...
Tokamak Energy has completed a project to build our understanding of the performance of HTS coils under gamma radiation up to doses of 10MGy. A cryogenic HTS test rig was built to enable this, and testing was carried out at the Gamma Irradiation Facility at Sandia National Laboratories.
One of the key challenges of this unique experiment is instrumentation selection. Instrumentation on the...
This study presents a novel charge amplifier design top operate cold (77K), tailored for amplifying signals originating from devices such as Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and High Purity Germanium Detectors (HPGe), commonly employed in fundamental physics experiments. The distinctive feature of the proposed charge amplifier lies in its utilization of a front-end transistor fabricated from...
Static random-access memories (SRAMs) are commonly used in high access-rate applications due to their fast operation and compatibility with CMOS logic. Nevertheless, their significant power consumption and limited storage density render them impractical, particularly for cryogenic applications where power constraints hinder scalability. In contrast, dynamic random-access memories (DRAMs) can...
Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities are critical components in particle accelerators, responsible for accelerating charged particles to high energies. Traditionally, these cavities use bulk niobium (Nb) due to its exceptional superconducting properties at cryogenic temperatures. However, limitations like localized defects can hinder performance by causing power absorption and abrupt...
The aviation industry’s transition to using hydrogen as a sustainable fuel is undoubtedly pushing the boundaries when it comes to materials that can withstand the cryogenic temperatures that liquid hydrogen (LH2) must be sustained at. To develop such materials, it is imperative that testing and characterisation methods are fit-for-purpose and accurately measure the required properties at the...
Austenitic stainless steels (ASS) of AISI 304 (EN X5CrNi18-10), AISI 316L (EN X2CrNiMo17-12-2), AISI 316LN (EN X2CrNiMoN17-11-2) grades characterized by excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in a wide temperature range (4 K - 900 K). Thus, they find numerous applications in the automotive, aviation, nuclear and chemical industries as well as in space and superconducting...
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a third generation gravitational wave detector planned in Europe, combining a low-frequency (LF) and a high-frequency (HF) laser interferometer. Cryogenic operation of ET-LF in the temperature range of 10 K to 20 K is essential to suppress the suspension thermal noise, which dominates the detection sensitivity at
frequencies below 10 Hz. This requires suspension...
Structural materials are often in a complex stress environment during cryogenic service. For example, superconductors and structures will be subject to support load, thermal residual stress, and electromagnetic force. Composites used for storing cryogenic liquids also bear with the joint action of the axial and radial load produced by internal high pressure. The complex stress state has a...
Abstract: The serrated yielding (discontinuous plastic flow, DPF) of metallic materials at cryogenic temperatures has always been a research hotspot in the field of plastic deformation of cryogenic-temperature materials, with this topic typically confined to phenomenological theory. This study simulated the cryogenic-temperature dislocation glide and vacancy diffusion by establishing a...
