Conveners
Thu-Po-3.3: Large Scale Cryogenic Systems 6
- Benjamin Bradu (CERN)
A helium liquefication process utilizing a turbine Brayton refrigerator instead of liquid nitrogen is proposed as the pre-cooling stage, and a thermodynamic system cycle flow is built up. Turbine Brayton refrigeration has the advantages of high efficiency, low maintenance costs, contact-free, and low noise. The closed-cycle Turbine Brayton refrigerator applied in the pre-cooling stage of...
Liquefaction or refrigeration cycle with helium as working medium was the main thermodynamic process in large-scale cryogenic engineering. In the process of realizing thermodynamic cycle, helium compressor and expander were two core moving parts, which play the roles of providing power and expanding refrigeration respectively. Helium compressor had experienced the evolution process of piston...
The European Spallation Source (ESS) will provide long-pulsed cold and thermal neutron fluxes at exceptionally high brightness. Spallation neutrons generated at a rotating tungsten target are transformed into lower-energy cold and thermal neutrons through a thermal water pre-moderator and two liquid hydrogen moderators, which was designed to optimize the brightness of the cold neutron beams...
To achieve carbon neutrality, the contribution of renewable energy to electricity generation is growing. However, renewable energy sources may exhibit significant output fluctuations depending on weather conditions. As a result, there is a gradual rise in demand for high-capacity energy storage systems to ensure grid stability. The Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) system is an energy storage...
The cold box for the cryogenic liquefaction process of the liquid air energy storage (LAES) device is a facility that produces cryogenic liquid air by introducing gas at high pressure/room temperature. Inside the cold box, various devices such as heat exchangers, cryogenic valves, filters, expansion turbines, and phase separators are installed, and each component must be optimally designed for...
ABSTRACT: A 3000L/h Helium Liquefier has been designed and is being assembled in China by the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS. A dynamic simulation of this helium liquefier has been performed to evaluate the heat transient performance. To verify the control system program before the commissioning of this liquefier, a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) Simulation System has been...
The cold box for helium refrigerator plant of cooling power ~200 W at 4.5 K is being developed at IPR, Gandhinagar, India. Helium compressor system, which gives helium flow ~60 g/s at 14 bar will be used for this plant. The cold box of the plant is made using a vertical vacuum chamber, within which all cold components are assembled. The thermodynamic process used is a modified Claude Cycle....
Linde Kryotechnik AG is known as a supplier of high quality products in the field of cryogenics. This results in the fact, that still many users are operating helium liquefaction and refrigeration systems that are 30 years and older. Technology has developed and the efficiencies of todays cryogenic plants have increased. Instead of replacing the entire cryogenic plant an upgrade of only...
Large cryogenic refrigeration systems are the only means to achieve a low-temperature environment for large scientific devices. As an important part of the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS), an 18kW@4.5K/4kW@2K large helium cryogenic refrigerator is mainly used to cool down superconducting magnetic cryostats. It has been designed by Technical Institute of Physics and...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is supported by the infrastructure of the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF). The central feature of DUNE is the liquid argon filled cryostats, which house the neutrino detector components. In order to maintain the argon in a liquid state, heat must be continuously removed. Argon condensers will remove this heat, and liquefy the argon,...
Authors: G Kouzmenko1, J D Dupuy1, N. Besse3, L.Perrot3, M. Valente2
Coauthors: J. Beauvisage3, JM. Bernhardt3, M. Bigi2, P. Bravais3 ,R. Capobianco2, P. Dauguet3, Y. Fabre3, D. Faisandier3, O. Fraisse3, J. Legrand3, A. Luchetta2, A. Machefel3, E. Mardani3, C. Urban3.
1Fusion for Energy, C/ Josep Pla 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
2Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati...
nEXO is a tonne scale neutrinoless double beta decay experiment which will use 5,000 kg of Xenon-136 as its target fluid. nEXO will need to cool the liquid xenon (LXe) down to 165 K (-108.15 °C) for ten years of continuous operation. nEXO will be located at SNOLAB, in its facility 2 km underground in Vale’s Creighton nickel mine.
A 12,000-litre liquid nitrogen (LN2) plant will be required...
A new high efficient helium liquefaction system with high capacity is under design and will be built at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the next couple of years to replace a current 43 years old liquefier. The new liquefaction system will provide at least a mixed 80 liter per hour liquefaction rate and 35 W refrigeration capacity at 4.5K without liquid nitrogen pre-cooling, or a mixed...
Since the end of the last decade, projects requiring a high refrigeration power below 4.5K are flourishing around the world. This increase in refrigeration capacities at temperatures close to 2K represents a real challenge for cryogenic plants design and operation. In a few years Air Liquide Advanced Technologies supported customers in not less than six major new projects ranging from 900W up...
With the development of science and technology, the application of cryogenic technology is more and more extensive. Liquid helium, as one of the cryogenic liquid, is popular in many fields. The acquisition of liquid helium may be of interest to many people. Therefore, system integration and commissioning of helium liquefier are introduced in this paper. In order to meet the conditions of...
There are two helium cryogenic system with maximum 450W cooling capacity, which were installed for five superconducting magnets and one superconducting RF cavity at Taiwan Light Source (TLS). One of these two helium cryogenic system was shut down due to the failure of first stage turbine, as called as T1. The T1 was replaced twice and failure just in the beginning with the attempt to produce...
In the design of large scale helium refrigerators, it has been found that the UA ratio between the heat exchangers will influence the temperature distribution, which will be required in some special applications, such as the temperature before the expansion or some set temperatures. In this paper, a 2000W@20K helium refrigerator without Nitrogen precooling is described, which need a 70K...
