The FCC-hh (Future Hadron-Hadron Circular Collider) is one of the three options considered for the next generation accelerator in high-energy physics as recommended by the European Strategy Group. The layout of FCC-hh has been optimized to a more compact design following recommendations from civil engineering aspects. The updates on the first order and second order optics of the ring will be...
Recently, the U.S. HEP community has developed a 10-year research roadmap for the accelerator RF technology. In this contribution, I present a portion of the roadmap dealing with developing superconducting RF technology for future Intensity Frontier and Energy Frontier HEP accelerators.
In the design study of the FCC-ee an RF cavity system is required to provide the necessary accelerating voltage for the four operating modes of the FCC-ee, i.e. Z, W, H and tt-bar. Based on the preliminary studies, a single design that can serve all four setups is not feasible. The H and tt-bar systems are two demanding cases that are characterized by high accelerating voltage of up to 10 GV....
The high precision program of future e^+ e^- colliders, such as CEPC, FCC-ee and ILC, will be very challenging for the needed accuracy in theoretical predictions. The present status and future prospects on the Z pole observables and the thresholds for $WW$, $ZH$ and $t \bar t$ production are reviewed.
After the Higgs boson discovery, the precision measurements and searches for new phenomena in the Higgs sector are among the most important goals in particle physics. Experiments at the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) are ideal to study these questions. Electron-positron collisions up to an energy of 350 GeV provide the ultimate precision with studies of Higgs boson couplings, mass, total...
Plans for FCC call for 11 GV of RF voltage for ee-tt, corresponding to ~2600 SRF cells. In this contribution, we examine recent developments in state-of-the-art SRF technology that can reduce the cost burden of this significant infrastructure. Topics of discussion include new nitrogen infusion processing for bulk niobium, progress in Nb3Sn coatings, and preparation techniques that promote flux...
In the framework of the FCC project, the FCC-ee collider program contains a specific run at the center of mass energy around 350 GeV with an integrated luminosity corresponding to the production of about 1 Million top quark pairs. The ultimate goal is to obtain the most precise measurement of the top mass with a threshold scan from 340 to 350 GeV. However, the top physics program at the FCC-ee...
Previous experiments have demonstrated a better performance obtained for thin film Nb/Cu RF cavities on electropolished copper substrates compared to chemically polished ones. In the context of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study, CERN is designing a new copper electropolishing facility capable of processing elliptical cavities from 1.3 GHz to 400 MHz (single cell); this facility is to...
Presentation of the physics case for QCD and gamma-gamma measurements at FCC-ee.
In this work we pursue the development of high-Jc multifilamentary (Nb,Ti)3Sn wire containing ZrO2 APCs. Previously, 61-filament powder-in-tube (PIT) APC Nb3Sn binary conductors were demonstrated. These conductors showed very high pinning strength and high layer Jcs at 12 and 15 T (a layer Jc double the best RRP wires). However, the wires had low A15 layer conversion fractions, because the...
In the hadron machine option, proposed in the context of the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) study, the first evaluation of dipole field quality, based on the Nb3Sn technology has shown a Dynamic Aperture at injection above the LHC target value. In this paper the effect of field imperfections on the dynamic aperture, using the updated lattice design, is presented. Tolerances on the main...
Fermilab is collaborating with industry and other labs and universities on superconducting (SC) wire and cable R&D, with the goal of improving key properties and providing conductor specifications and data for design and construction of SC accelerator magnets for a future very high energy pp collider. SC wire R&D focused first on optimizing the geometrical and chemical layout of Restacked-Rod...
We discuss the sensitivity of the FCCee collider to physics beyond the satndard model. Taking a few new-physics scenarios as benchmark examples, we show the complementarity between the FCCee and the program at hadron colliders and the implications for the design of the FCCee detector.
To match the high statistical precision of the FCC-ee event samples, general purpose detectors that can measure and identify with high precision all the fundamental fermions and bosons of the standard model, and thereby access all known physics processes, are called for.
The talk will first briefy summarize the main requirements for a FCC-ee detector: (i) precise momentum measurement of...
This presentation summarizes the recent activities on beam instabilities, impedances and electron clouds within the EuroCirCol Workpackage 2.4.
A preliminary study on machine induced backgrounds has been performed for the proposed FCC-ee interaction region (IR) and proto-detector. The effect of synchrotron radiation and of luminosity-induced backgrounds like γγ to hadrons and pair production have been studied. The impact of background particles on the detector occupancy has been studied in full simulation. The challenges on...
The layout of the FCC-hh has recently been modified due to civil engineering requirements. Whereas in the previous baseline layout the low luminosity experiments were situated in dedicated straight sections, the new version combines injection and experiment in the same insertion keeping the straight section length constant. We present first optics designs for these insertions together with the...
We present the concept for a new optics for the main Experimental Interaction Region (EIR) of the FCC-hh. This optics is fully symmetric for either side of the IP and for either plane. The luminosity evolution and a schematic of the first quadrupole is shown.
Particle accelerators exhibit complex behaviour emerging from the interaction of diverse machine systems, services, beam and environmental conditions. Since 2015 we explore the fitness of probabilistic reliability engineering to particle accelerators. The investigation relies on the LHC as use-case. Results indicate that the approach, already well established in manufacturing, automotive,...
The cooling of the superconducting magnet cold masses with superfluid helium (HeII) is a well-established concept successfully in operation since years in the LHC. Consequently, its application for the cooling of FCC magnets is an obvious option. The 12-kW heat loads distributed over 10-km long sectors not only require an adaption of the magnet bayonet heat exchangers, but also present new...
The copper current density plays important role in the quench protection of superconducting magnets. In non-graded magnets the worst case hot spot is typically at the location of the highest magnetic field and with active quench protection the temperature of the rest of the magnet is kept relatively isothermal. Graded superconducting magnets pose new challenges to the quench protection because...
As a charged particle beam is aligned with one of the main axes of a slightly bent crystal, most of the particles follows the crystal curvature due to multiple scattering with bent crystal atomic strings, the so called stochastic deflection. Indeed, in the case of positively charged particles, a portion of the beam may escape from the axial confinement to planar channeling. We investigated...
Previous studies already showed that the FCC-hh beam intensities are limited by the resistive wall and the collimator impedances. In addition, electron clouds also contribute to the total impedance and could be the cause of instabilities. Numerical model of beam instabilities taking into account the impedance model is being developed. This should also be extended and include electron...
A multiparticle Bose–Einstein symmetrization can enhance the emission of pions and as consequence can lead to the pion condensation in strong interactions at high energies. Onset of the Bose–Einstein condensation is driven by the critical space density of charged secondary bosons which are mostly pions. The energy dependence of space pion density at freeze-out and its critical value,...
FCC-ee is an e+e- circular collider designed to accelerate and collide electron and positron beams. One of the most critical aspects to be addressed in the design phase is the intensity limitation due to collective effects which can produce instabilities, limit the accelerator operation and reduce its performance. The studies presented in this contribution are focused on the electromagnetic...
Cost-effective superconducting dipole magnets with operating fields up to 16 T are being considered for the LHC energy upgrade (HE-LHC) or a Future Circular Collider (FCC). Design studies of 16 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets based on 2-, 3- and 4-layer 50 mm aperture cos-theta coils with and without stress management elements are being conducted at Fermilab. The goal of these studies is to explore the...
In order to decrease the beam impedance the beam screen of the FCC ring is planned to receive a high-temperature superconductor coating. However the persistent currents induced in the coating would distort the ring's magnetic field. Rather than trying to suppress this effect we examine the possibility to use a tailored thickness profile of the coating such that these currents produce a field...
An optimized design of a final-focus system for the main EIR of FCC-hh is presented here. The new design is more compact and enables unequal in both planes, whose choice is justified here. This is followed by energy deposition studies, where the total dose in the magnets as a consequence of the collision debris is evaluated.
In FCC-hh one of the most challenging issue will be the control of all possible instabilities that could occur. In order to do so,most simulation programs need realistic inputs measured in experimental conditions as close as possible to the ones that will occur in the machine. Most of the accelerators walls will see the beam while being at low temperatures and their relevant properties will...
For precision measurement of Higgs bason and searching for evidences of new physics beyond the Standard Model, China proposed a strategy of CEPC-SPPC, which plans to build a pp collider ( SPPC ) after the phase of ee Higgs factory ( CEPC ). In November 2016, CEPC-SPPC Steering Committee decided to adopt the baseline design of 100 km tunnel. This paper will present the progress of lattice...
In the framework of Future Circular Collider study, copper coated with niobium cavities must be fabricated to operate at a frequency of 400MHz. The two half-cells, to make one cavity, are traditionally manufactured by spinning through multiple forming steps, comprising intermediates heat treatments to achieve the required shape. Finally, the two half-cells are welded at the equator by...
The baseline design of the FCC-hh beam screen is based on a 1 mm thick octagonal shaped stainless steel tube coated with a 300µm layer of copper. In the foreseen operating temperature of 40K to 60K the intended coating provides an impedance already close to the acceptable limit for a stable beam. In order to reduce the coupling impedance, we investigate High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS)...
The development os a new-generation particle Monte Carlo generator for simulating high-energy heavy-ion collisions, HIJING++ is under development. The completely rewritten version of the FORTRAN-based HIJING2.1 relies on the latest version of PYTHIA8 and contains all the nuclear effects has been included in the HIJING2.1. The code is written in C++ and due to its modualarity, supports parallel...
A collaboration project between Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona-CSIC (“ICMAB”), Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (“IFAE”), ALBA Synchrotron Light source (“ALBA) and CERN has been established in order to obtain physical results to evaluate the use of Coated Conductors (CC) tapes as elements for the beam screen for FCC-hh based on its expected low surface impedance and high...
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) under study at CERN will produce 50-TeV high-energy proton beams. The high-energy particle beams are bent by 16-T superconducting dipole magnets operating at 1.9 K and distributed over a circumference of 80 km. The circulating beams induce 5 MW of dynamic heat loads by several processes such as synchrotron radiation, resistive dissipation of beam image...
In spite of the maturity of Nb3Sn internal tin wires designing and production routes there are still significant R&D needed for attaining of the challenging set of requirements specific for high field dipole magnets. The development of layouts and processing of Nb3Sn internal tin strands with non copper critical current density exceeding 2450 A/mm2 altogether with reasonably low hysteresis...
The current FCC-hh beam screen proposal includes pumping holes of considerable area hidden behind a shield. Although each hole's contribution to the ring impedance is negligible, the effect of a large number of pumping holes in a very large ring (constructive interference) has to be considered.
On one hand, due to evanescent coupling and the shield, space-discretisizing eigenmode and...
For the design of FCC-hh superconducting magnets an increase of the high field critical currents in commercial Nb3Sn wires by about 50 % is required. Feasibility of reaching this target has already been demonstrated by fast neutron irradiation induced defects. In this study, the underlying mechanisms are investigated through combined microstructural and magnetic analysis for realization in an...
A novel technique to build high efficiency, modular, scalable, high availability solid-state amplifiers has been developed. The system allows for easy adjustment of single SSPA RF power to the power profile of the accelerator. High availability due to the use of unique technology of RF switches together with ""hot swap"" feature allows almost infinite constant running of the machine.
The total...
Large cryogenic systems as projected for FCC need a large number of cryogenic and warm valves. Most of these valves are control or metering valves guided by a PLC generated signal. Furthermore also, actuated shut-off valves are needed. Today such valves are driven by pneumatic actuators with electro-pneumatic control. The supply pneumatic system and electric signal cabling increases with the...
Ultra high vacuum in the beam pipe is a basic requirement for the Future Circular Colliders (FCC). The dimension of the FCC and the high energy of the particles will make this requirement challenging. Simulations that predict the vacuum quality due to material and beam induced effects will allow to evaluate different designs and to choose an optimal solution.
The mathematical model behind...
In this work, we have investigated Higgs-gauge boson couplings via e-p->e-qh process at the Future Circular eh Collider (FCC-eh). The limits on the anomalous hVV couplings in this process are obtained by using MadGraph5 multi-purpose event generator at the parameters of the FCC-eh.
Following the discovery of a Higgs boson with a mass of about 125 GeV, subsequent measurements have confirmed its central role in the spontaneous breaking of electroweak symmetry. Currently, a wide-reaching programme of measurements is being proposed both for the HL-LHC
and future electron-positron colliders to clarify the properties of the observed Higgs boson. Nevertheless, its role in the...
Possible extensions of the Higgs sector can be searched for a wide range of parameter space in the high energy proton-proton collisions. The searches of the heavy Higgs bosons have special challenges at present high energy colliders. One of the future international projects currently under consideration is the Future Circular Collider (FCC) which has the potential to search for a wide...
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) is being designed to reach h-h collisions at an unprecedented energy level of 100 TeV, about 8 times higher than in today`s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Because of the increased energy and luminosity during FCC operation, radiation levels will likely exceed several tens of MGy (with >10e17 particles/cm2) inside the FCC experiments, and tens of KGy (with...
Following the FCC study and its recent developments, it is evident that due to the nature, size, scale and complexity of the environment, the deployment of conventional repair methods and technologies will be insufficient in the FCC. Human intervention will be limited or even counterproductive because of the safety issues, time constraints and related costs. At the same time, it appears that...
Resonant production of l ̃ and ν ̃ at the FCC has been considered. For example, scalar neutrino may be investigated trough subprocess (dd)→ ν ̃→ l+ l'- These processes have great potantial for determination of RPV couplings.
A 100 TeV centre-of-mass energy frontier proton collider, in a new tunnel of 80–100 km circumference, is a central part of CERN’s Future Circular Colliders (FCC) design study. The FCC will require extremely reliable kicker systems to ensure safe injection of beam. Most existing kicker systems at CERN rely on technologies which include thyratron switches and pulse-forming networks/lines...
European Advanced Superconductivity Innovation and Training project (EASItrain)
In the framework of the EuroCirCol project the high field accelerator magnet design work package 5 focuses on double-aperture dipole magnets made of Nb3Sn conductors and providing a field of 16 T in a 50-mm aperture. Three options are considered: block-coils, common-coils and cosine-¬theta, the workload being shared between several European institutes. All options are explored and compared...
In LHC, the limiting locations in terms of losses on cold magnets are the dispersion suppressors downstream of the transverse collimation insertion. These losses are due to the protons experiencing single diffractive interactions in the primary collimators. How to solve this problem is very important for future proton-proton collider, such as FCC and SPPC. An effective method which arranges...
High intensity and high brightness beams in FCC pose significant challenges due to coherent instabilities and beam collimation. Usual ways to control the instabilities, such as nonlinear octupole magnets, beam feedback dampers, employment of chromatic effects as well as standard types of the "hard-material" collimators become less effective at the ultimate FCC-hh beam paramters. We briefly...
In the framework of H2020, the EuroCirCol program has the outcome of producing a conceptual design of the FCC within 2019. One of the main targets is designing a superconducting magnetic dipole able to reach 16 T, in order to bend the beams within energy and size constraints. This magnetic field can be achieved using Nb3Sn conductors at their highest performances.
Here we present the 2D...
For a demonstration of the performance of the X-ray interferometer, we propose a test at the long-range Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. The Australian Synchrotron is a SR facility in the Australia, and it has a remarkable long range beamline for medical imaging. We can construct a Young’s type double slit interferometer in this beam line which will be...
The interaction region is an important and challenging part of the design of any accelerator. An important aspect of this design is the compensation of the errors in the interaction region, necessary not only to control de orbit deviation but also to ensure the long term stability of the beam. Several errors are expected to be found in the lattice; this study contemplates only errors in the...
The wide range of beam energies of the FCC-ee accelerator presents unique challenges to the interaction region. The lowest beam energy is 45.6 GeV (Z running) and the highest beam energy is 175 GeV (tt running). The lowest beam energy machine will have 1.45 A of beam current while the highest beam energy machine will have 6.6 mA. We present an update of the IR design with emphasis on the...
We present a first assessment of track reconstruction for the FCC-hh detector. Starting from common DD4hep detector input the simulation and reconstruction geometry is built. Events generated with PYTHIA are merged to create a pile-up scenario and the output is fed into the full (Geant4) or fast track simulation (FATRAS). The simulated output is digitized using a geometrical digitization...
Debris from 50 TeV proton-proton collisions at the main interaction point in the FCC-hh may contribute to the background in the subsequent detector. This cross-talk is of possible concern for the FCC-hh due to the high luminosity and energy of the collider. Monte Carlo simulations with FLUKA have been performed using a full length model of the tunnel between the adjacent points A and B, in...
"The FCC-hh collimation system must be designed to prevent quench of superconducting magnets. However, preliminary simulations [1] demonstrate the estimated cleaning inefficiency to be 2 orders less than required. In order to considerably reduce it, we propose a preliminary setup of a double crystal-based collimation system [2].
The main advantage of the double crystal-based collimation,...
The superconducting magnets in the Dispersion suppressors at the end of the straight sections are the main location for beam losses in cold magnets in the LHC. For the FCC this poses a problem due to the much higher beam energies. The losses in these regions mainly come from off-momentum particles due to proton-proton collisions in the experimental areas, and single-diffractive effects from...
In the framework of H2020, the EuroCirCol project has the outcome of producing a conceptual design of the Future Circular Collider within 2019. One of the main targets is designing a superconducting magnetic dipole able to reach 16 T, in order to bend the beams within energy and size constraints. This magnetic field can be achieved using Nb3Sn conductors at their highest performances.
The...
We discuss the problem of the Higher Order Modes heating in the Interaction Region of FFC ee. High current beams excite high frequency modes in IR due to very complicated geometry. We analyze the effect of geometrical transitions in IR on the excitation of HOMs. We suggest using a special water-cooled HOM absorber to capture the HOM power.
The FCC-hh (Future Hadron-Hadron Circular Collider) is one of the three options considered for the next generation accelerator in high-energy physics as recommended by the European Strategy Group, and the natural evolution of existing LHC. Studies are ongoing about the evaluation of the various magnets mechanical errors and field errors tolerances in the arc sections of FCC-hh, as well as an...
As a part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) project, the European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study (EuroCirCol) is aiming to design a 16 T Nb3Sn accelerator dipole magnet that could be used in a 100 km 100 TeV hadron collider. In addition to provide the required magnetic field, the design aims for a compact and cost-effective magnet. To select the most suitable cross-section type,...
Octupole magnets are foreseen in the FCC-hh lattice as a passive mitigation of the transverse collective instabilities. The incoherent betatron tune spread due to octupoles provides Landau damping of the unstable bunch modes. The previous studies for FCC, and estimations for LHC, have considered only the rigid bunch modes. The higher-order modes cause intra-bunch oscillations, which are...
We present radiation calculations for the updated reference geometry of a general purpose FCC-hh detector. The magnet system of this detector consists of a 4T central solenoid and two 4T forward solenoids. Subdetectors are implemented with proper envelopes that leave installation clearances and space for services.
The goal of beam energy calibration is to define central mass energy at the interaction point (IP). The most accurate method is resonant depolarization technique with relative error of 1 ppm in single beam energy calibration. The whole procedure consists of measurement of spin precession frequency, and calculations of beam energy averaged over circumference, beam energy at IP and central mass...
The design of the FCC-hh Experiment and its magnet system is being conducted and in the meantime, a baseline design has been defined. Part of the study is the feasibility of the integration of the detector in its cavern and to develop the requirements on cavern and shaft dimensions. For system integration, the various subsystems in the detector are not independent and the modularity needs to...
For the FCC-hh injection kicker magnet system a highly reliable generator is needed. One promising technology to reach the challenging voltage, current, rise time and flat top stability values for this application is an inductive adder (IA) based on high-power semiconductor switches. A prototype IA will be built at CERN to validate the theoretical performance and identify technology limits....
FCC-ee is an e+e- circular collider designed to accelerate and collide counter-propagating beams of electrons and positrons. One of the fundamental aspects to be addressed in the design phase is the intensity limitation due to collective effects and the impedance budget. The machine design must be such that the global machine impedance as well as individual equipment do not pose any limits for...
In a storage ring, interaction between the fundamental impedance of the accelerating cavities and the beam determines such important longitudinal properties as bunch length, synchronous phase, synchrotron frequency, and others. This interaction is especially important in machines with large circumference and high stored beam current. In this work, steady-state beam loading effects will be...
The world-wide HEP community has identified the exploitation of physics opportunities at the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) as one of the highest near-term priorities. Thanks to multi-year R&D programs, Laboratories and Universities in America and Europe have developed technical solutions to increase the LHC luminosity by bringing the Nb3Sn technology for magnets to production readiness. In...
Data acquisition has always been a significant challenge at a hadron collider. The combination of high luminosity and finely segmented detectors yields data rates that far exceed what can be stored permanently. The problem has traditionally been solved using a trigger system, that performs event selection online. In many cases, the trigger system has relied on dedicated detectors, or...
The cryogenic beam vacuum system work package (WP 4) is developing a technical design concept for the FCC-hh beam screen based on the requirements and constraints that emerge from the arc design and magnets work packages (WP 2 and WP5). Within this framework, a measurement setup was designed with the goal of determining the photodesorpotion yield, synchrotron radiation heat loads and photo...
The number of particles in an electromagnetic shower is proportional to the incident particle energy. A Digital Electromagnetic Calorimeter (DECAL) is a highly granular device that counts the number of particles in a shower rather than the total energy deposited. An improved energy resolution is possible compared to an analogue calorimeter as this should be less sensitive to Landau...
We discuss performance requirements for future hadronic calorimeters in the context of reconstruction of multi-TeV objects (jets, particles) at a 100 TeV collider. For this study, we use a Geant4 simulation of the detector response of the SiFCC detector which is designed to study hadronic jets up to 33 TeV in transverse momentum. We show response and energy resolutions for single particles...
The baseline of CEPC is a double ring configuration with the circumference of 100km. The booster has the same circumference as main collider ring in the same tunnel with injection energy of 10GeV. The exit energy of the LINAC for electron and positron is 10GeV. The Overall design of CEPC related to accelerator physics will be described in detail.
Logistics is of great importance for the construction, assembly and operation of FCC. During set-up of LHC, logistics already proved to be a key factor. In respect of the size of FCC, logistics is increasing its significance. New concepts, methods and analytics for logistics, supply chain and transport concepts will have a direct impact on the estimation of the feasibility and costs of the...
The ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) coupling performance of shape memory alloy (SMA) rings was investigated by finite element (FE) simulations and experimental measurements. In particular, the tightening performance of SMA rings, in terms of contact pressure and clamping/unclamping mechanisms, was studied for different values of the initial clearance between ring and vacuum pipe by means of strain...
Fermilab is developing a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator for a future very high energy pp collider as a part of the U.S. MDP Plan. The magnet design is based on optimized 60-mm aperture 4-layer shell-type coils and cold iron yoke 600 mm in diameter. The coils are graded between the inner and outer layers to maximize the performance and reduce the cost. Two mechanical structures – one, based on...
For the FCC, challenging requirements are set for the extraction septum magnets. A scaled up LHC-like beam dump system architecture is not attractive in terms of low maximum field, lattice space requirements and power consumption. To address these challenges whilst respecting the requirements for the reliability and availability of the system, a high field massless septum with a target field...
"In the Highest Energy Proton Circular Collider ever designed, FCC-hh, a large production of Synchrotron Radiation is expected, which causes significant problems. Thus, it is very important to have an experimental characterization of optical properties of technical surfaces, in particular reflectivity and photo yield. Such material properties are essential ingredients to calculate single- and...
Current R&D in Hadron Collider tracking and timing detectors with potential to develop further into the FCC era is reviewed. Silicon strip and pixel detectors have made tracking at LHC rate and radiation conditions at all possible. The increase rate/radiation conditions at the HL-LHC by a factor of 10 compared to today's standard require intense R&D in sensors, readout ASICs, mechanics and...
The parameters of the FCC-hh ring impose serious requirements on the beam extraction septa, which are very difficult to realize with the technology of the LHC. A device using a superconducting shield to create a field-free region within a strong (3-4 Tesla) magnet was proposed one year ago as a possible solution. The construction of 3 prototypes using different superconducting materials and...
The Nelium concept is a novel approach for highly efficient refrigeration in the temperature range from 25 to 65 K, making it a promising candidate for the cooling of the FCC-hh beam screens. The concept uses a cycle with turbo compressors, which have higher efficiencies compared to classical screw compressors. To achieve acceptable capital cost, a mixture of neon and helium is used which...
One of the options being considered for the FCC-hh high energy injector is a superconducting machine replacing the SPS, so to increase the energy from the current 450 GeV to 1.3 TeV. This synchrotron would operate in a cycled mode also to feed experimental areas, much like the SPS nowadays. Due to this specific cycled operation, innovative design and development approaches will be required to...
Future circular and linear colliders as well as the Large Hadron Collider in the High-Luminosity era have been imposing unprecedented challenges on the radiation hardness of particle detectors that will be used for specific purposes e.g. forward calorimeters, beam and luminosity monitors.
We performed research on the radiation-hard active media for such detectors, particularly calorimeters,...
The Future Circular Collider (FCC), with of about 86 km circumference, will be the largest particle accelerator ever constructed. Such a scale entails numerous problems, many of which have never been faced before. One of them is a considerable growth in the length of cryogenic distribution lines. In case of the FCC the maximum length for the distribution line is considered as 8.4 km, what is...
This contribution presents the first version of the FCC-hh operation schedule and updates estimates on collider turn around cycle. The operational schedule shows planned time for physics operations and maintenance during collider life cycle. The schedule meets requirements for time reserved for physics production. However, this considerably limits the time reserved for maintenance and this...
The talk presents the preliminary results on nonlinear analysis using PTC code, and dynamic aperture calculations using SAD code. Several optics based on different design schemes for HE-LHC will be addressed.
