Conveners
Poster session: part 1
- Val O'Shea (University of Glasgow (GB))
Poster session: part 2
- Thilo Michel (Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen)
Poster session: part 3
- David Krapohl (Mid Sweden University)
Dedicated cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for dental diagnostics has become popular and nowadays it is not difficult to find CBCT scanners even in private dental clinics. On the other hand, cancer risk with the increasing use of CT has been a great issue in diagnostic radiology [1]. If there was the slice war in the CT industries, the dose war has begun. The tube-current modulation...
With noticeable improvements in synthesis and processing of organic semiconductor material, flexible devices are widely studied in various areas such as organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic solar cell, and radiation detector. Among radiation detector applications, dentistry, mammography, and non-destructive inspection areas have a significant interest in flexible and conformable...
Monocrystalline silicon is a well-established and widely used material in the field of X-ray detection and imaging, however, its low sensitivity to the photons with energy above 20 keV motivates the development of sensors made of high Z materials, like CdTe or GaAs. Semi-insulating (SI) GaAs is one of the promising candidates due to its advantageous properties. In comparison to silicon, it has...
Development and Evaluation of Parylene C-type Additive detector for High Resolution in High Energy X-ray CT
M.J. Han^a, Y.H. Shin^a, K.T. Kim^b, Y.J. Heo^c, K.M. Oh^d, E.T. Park^c, J.Y. Kim^e, H.L. Cho^c, S.K. Park^c*
^aDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Collage of Medicine, Inje University
^bDepartment of Radiological science, International University of Korea
^cDepartment of...
In this study, we used a novel type of 500um-pitch SiPM to develop a high resolution small animal DOI-PET detector. This SiPM has a very fast recovery time (~8ns) and high gain (10^6). The signal was read from both ends of the GAGG scintillator (0.4mm0.4mm20mm) to obtain the DOI information. According to the simulation based on GEANT4, the spatial resolution of the small animal DOI-PET...
Contrast in x-ray radiography is mainly determined by the difference between linear attenuation coefficients of target and surrounding background. Dual-energy (DE) x-ray imaging typically assumes that an object to be imaged consists of two materials. By arithmetically controlling the magnitudes of attenuation coefficients measured at two different energies, DE imaging can enhance one material...
The interest in proton therapy is increasing worldwide thanks to its unique dose delivery characteristics, which can deliver conformal dose distributions to target volumes while minimizing damage to normal tissue. However, the proton therapy has a quite important issue for the treatment verification; in vivo real-time proton beam range verification. As the representative in vivo range...
Safety regulation of technologies like this has increasingly strengthened as national safety management systems have globally taken roots for the safe use of radiation. Significant amounts of time and resources have therefore been invested in developing a radiation safety management system to prevent radiation disasters in NDT; In particular, to perform gamma radiography safely, it is...
For the dose distribution verification in robotic radiosurgery which is one of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), X-ray films are used due to their high sensitivity uniformity and resolution. Two-dimensional (2-D) Al2O3 thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are reusable 2-D passive detectors with good TL properties [1]. Previous study has suggested that the 2-D...
Solid-state detectors are radiation detectors which employ semiconductor crystals as the detecting medium. These detectors produce a pulse of electric current, by means of pairs of charge carriers, electrons and holes generated when the detectors come in contact with ionizing radiation. The type of semiconducting material used in the detectors determines the the number of paired charge...
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising method to treat invasive cancers. In BNCT, medicine including boron-10 (B-10) which will be delivered to cancer tissue is injected into blood vessel. With the neutron absorption reaction of B-10, two charged particles, i.e., alpha particle and Li-7, are emitted. Because the ranges of these charged particles are similar to the size of a cell,...
In this study, an organic polymer-based photodetector was investigated as a candidate for the indirect-type X-ray detector. Organic photodetectors fabricated with polymers have the advantage of being able to apply flexible substrates and simple processes while reducing manufacturing costs. In order to enhance the performance of the photodetector, conjugated polymer PBDB-T1) was selected as a...
Hybrid pixel detector modules are state of the art in vertex detectors of the high-energy physics as well as the x-ray cameras in synchrotron radiation experiments. Each module of such a detector consists of a sensor chip and one or more electronic readout chips. In order to connect every pixel on the sensor with an electronic readout cell both parts are bump bonded together. In comparison to...
Stacking two imaging detectors in tandem configures a multilayer detector, and the front detector measures relatively low-energy photons whereas the rear detector measures relatively high-energy photons survived from their transports through the front detector layer. This energy separation in the multilayer detector facilitates dual-energy (DE) imaging. Different phosphor thicknesses between...
The Cadmium telluride Schottky diodes are widely used for several applications [1], specifically as spectroscopic detectors. The actually CdTe Schottky devices are composed of thick semiconductor (S) layer (in mm) coated by two metals (M) contacts, therefore they have M–S–M common structure form. The CdTe M-S-M structure presents a high signal-noise ratio depends to the intrinsic noise level....
Dual-energy (DE) x-ray imaging can improve lesion conspicuity by suppressing anatomical background noise. Compared to the conventional radiography, however, DE imaging results in relatively higher image noise because subtraction of two energy images increases the resultant DE image noise, hence lowering signal-to-noise performance. Degradation of noise performance becomes severer in...
The tracking system of the Circular Electron Position Collider (CEPC) [1] proposed by the Chinese particle physics community includes a high-precision silicon tracker. In order to fulfill the high precision track reconstruction, the single point resolution should be < 7 µm, the material budget < 0.65% X$_{0}$ and the radiation hardness > 1 MRad for this tracker.
A new CMOS pixel sensor based...
ABSTRACT
Generally, nuclear material monitoring in container security uses He-3 to measure neutrons generated from nuclear materials. But due to the decrease in the supply of He-3, the development of nuclear material monitors using alternative materials has been performed[1]. Generally, in order to measure neutron, secondary products (electrons, charged particles, and light) which is...
In this work an investigation of current-voltage dependencies on temperature and time were carried out in order to analyze relaxation time of electric field distribution in Me-GaAs:Cr-Me structures. To make conclusions of the possibility of deep levels recharging the charge collection efficiency dependency on the temperature was measured when irradiating with gamma radiation source and IR...
This presentation demonstrates a method for the simulation of particle tracks in Timepix hybrid pixel detectors using Geant4.
NASA uses Timepix hybrid pixel detectors for several applications including measurement of radiation on the International Space Station and the Orion Spacecraft. An important goal of these measurements is the development of algorithms for particle charge and energy ID....
X-ray crystallography is one of the well-known inventions of the 20th century. It is even more impressive considering the facts that both the X-ray sources and detectors were primitive compared with what is available more than one century later. Cast in the context of recent advances in sparse imaging theory and practice, scene redundancy, or atomic periodicity in the case of crystallography,...
The energy integrating method X-ray imaging devices have made many advances in medical diagnostics, nondestructive and security detection. In order to solve the problem of excessive X-ray exposure to the object which is the biggest disadvantage of the X-ray measurement by the integrating method. Researches on photon counting method using CdTe and CZT in the low energy X-ray imaging device have...
Printed electronics is rapidly developing, where more and more components are printable. High speed roll-to-roll processes are preferred for low cost production of flexible electronics. Often, the substrates used for printed electronics are some type of plastic such as PET or Kapton. An alternative to plastic is to use paper substrate that has the benefits of being environmentally friendly,...
Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) is designed in a collaboration between Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI) and the Universities of Hamburg and Bonn. It is a hybrid pixel X-ray detector developed for the new cutting-edge science experiments at the European XFEL, whose key features are the high brilliance coherent pulses with a specific bunch...
In the report the investigation results of GaAs:Cr sensors noise characteristics by means of amplitude spectrum analysis are presented. Test sensors were 3×3 mm^2 “Me-GaAs:Cr-Me” structures and thickness was 500 μm. Metal contacts were made by means of electron beam deposition, magnetron sputtering and electro-chemical deposition of various metals such as Ni, Ni/Au, Cr, Cr/Ni, Cr/Al, NiV/Au,...
Since the introduction of dual-source computed tomography (CT) scanners, dual-energy CT (DECT) has been popularly used in many clinical applications for material decomposition, contrast enhancement, and artifact reduction in conventional CT images. In addition, DECT may synthesize monochromatic CT images at different x-ray energies, which can be used for routine diagnosis similar to...
In this study, we propose a modification to a single-grid phase-contrast x-ray imaging (PCXI) system using a Fourier domain analysis technique to extract absorption, scattering, and differential phase-contrast images. The proposed modification is to rotate the x-ray grid in the image plane to achieve spectral separation between the desired information and the moiré artifact, which is...
Timepix3 is a high speed hybrid pixel detector consisting of a 256x256 pixel matrix with a maximum data rate of up to 5.12 Gbps (80 MHit/s). The ASIC is equipped with eight data channels that are data driven and zero suppressed which makes it suitable for particle tracking and spectral imaging.
In this paper, we present a programmable USB 3.0-based readout system with online pre-processing...
Single absorption grating based X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) with a hybrid pixel detector Timepix is a promising technique in many application fields (material sciences, biology, medicine etc.) [1]. Conventional grating interferometry uses two absorption gratings where one of them is moved in steps (so-called phase stepping). In contrast to that, the absorption, phase contrast and dark...
Introduction
CdTe diode detector is an appealing sensor device for medical imaging applications, such as X-ray radiography, CT and so on. Particularly, room-temperature operation availability and high detection efficiency across the wide energy range, due to the large band-gap energy (1.44 eV) and the high atomic number (Cd:48, Te:52), are remarked for integrated sensors, i.e.,...
The Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) drivers for the X-ray imaging pixel detector X-CHIP-03 have been developed using a 180 nm deep submicron Silicon On Insulator (SOI) CMOS commercial technology. The X-CHIP-03 is a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) and its architecture is based on the first prototype X-CHIP-02 with hit counting. The advantages, design, features, test structures...
WidePIX 3D is a compact Timepix-based ionizing radiation detector with 3D position sensitivity [1]. The device consists of four Timepix chips with 300 µm silicon sensors tightly stacked together. The insensitive gap between the subsequent layers is 250 µm only, since the read-out chips were thinned down to 100 µm. The sensor volume is, therefore, divided into a 3D array of 256×256×4 voxels,...
There are two principal approaches for the detector signal processing in the front-end electronics: a charge integration (used in CCDs, CMOS imagers, etc.) and a single photon counting (SPC). Nowadays, hybrid pixel detectors with fast readout electronics operating in the SPC mode are becoming increasingly popular in the development of X-ray imaging systems. This is mainly because of their...
Conventional digital tomosynthesis (DTS) reconstruction based on the filtered-backprojection (FBP) method requires a full field-of-view scan and relatively dense projections, which results in still high x-ray dose especially for medical imaging purposes. In this work, to reduce the x-ray dose delivered to the patient in DTS examinations, we propose a new type of DTS scan in which the x-ray...
ABSTRACT
In the paper we report on development of a dedicated data acquisition (DAQ) software being part of a full-filed X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) imaging system equipped with a standard 3-stage Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector of 10 cm by 10 cm [1].
Analysis of the spatial distribution of elements on the heritage objects, using XRF, nowadays is a very important...
Spongious materials, such as trabecular bone, are currently broadly investigated structures as they represent a key element for proper operation of bone in terms of its load bearing function and permeability. Advanced mechanical analysis of the spongious materials has to be carried out volumetrically in micro-scale as the cellular structure of the material is very complex and has fundamental...
The hot spot, radioactivity, and discrimination of radionuclides must investigate in order to determine the radiological characterization during decommissioning. It is widely known how the radiological characterization evaluates at each stages [1]. Decontamination is essential process to reduce radioactive waste because we need large area to store a lot of the waste. The scintillation detector...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Early diagnosis is a crucial point to achieve an efficient therapy.
In order to identify small-size tumours at the early stage, mammography is the most used technique for screening having showed to be able to decrease mortality from the breast cancer.
Nevertheless it showed reduced performance in case of dense breast [1].
Magnetic Resonance...
Evaluating the effectiveness of a mixed lead(Ⅱ) iodide and oxide semiconductor-based sensor for the development of a position sensitive detector for tracking a radioactive source
Ye Ji Heo1, Kyo Tae Kim2, Moo Jae Han3, Yo Han Shin3, Ji Koon Park2 and Sung Kwang Park1
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Republic of Korea
- Department of...
Feasibility Evaluation of Mercury(Ⅱ) Iodide based Curved Dosimeter for measurement of Entrance Surface Dose in Radiotherapy
M.J. Han^a, Y.H. Shin^a, K.T. Kim^b, Y.J. Heo^c, K.M. Oh^d, D.H. Lee^c, J.Y. Kim^e, H.L. Cho^c, S.K. Park^c*
^aDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Collage of Medicine, Inje University
^bDepartment of Radiological science, International University of...
A detector system based on the use of plastic scintillators and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) can be mounted externally to a standart medical LINAC head in order to get the E-LINACs real-time 3D dose profile. To design such a system, the effect of plastic scintillators on the linac dose profile should be investigated. In this work, the effect of the dose distribution on the water phantom of...
Cross-linked fibrin based biomaterial allows one to design scaffolds with controlled stiffness, strength, and permeability for broad use in tissue engineering applications. To be able to assess their microstructural properties reliably, it is necessary to study the material’s internal structure on a volumetric basis and in high detail [1]. In this work, we demonstrate X-ray micro-CT imaging of...
Background: The quality of charged particle therapy treatments depends on the ability to predict and achieve a given particle range in the patient. Non-invasive moni- toring of the particle range can be performed by detecting with a dedicated PET system β+ emitters, produced in the patient as a result of nuclear interactions of charged hadrons with tissue, with a dedicated PET system. The...
The development of lateral position sensitive detector for EUV irradiation is important for use in the lithographical equipment for 13.5 nm, which is the new standard in semiconductor industries.Using a scintillator (CsI(Tl)) at 13.5 nm wavelength produces ~6 light photons which results in 6 eh-pairs in the detector. Direct conversion produces 26 eh-pairs in the silicon detector, which is more...
Tissue type sensitive imaging with photon counting detector of Medipix family has been demonstrated recently. This capability stands promising for diagnosis of different diseases and pathological changes. In comparison methods with contrast agents provide functional information. Usage of contrast agents brings however complexity and drawbacks such toxicity. Most contrast agents used in...
ABSTRACT
Generally, the x-ray cargo inspection systems are used to smuggled and dangerous goods detection inside of the container. When scanning with dual energy x-ray beams, different materials can be identified by comparing the attenuations of the transmitted dual energy x-ray beam. In this paper, we present a method to improve detection efficiency by using dual-energy x-ray. we use a new...
Thanks to the detector technology development based on high Z materials (GaAs, CdTe, CZT, etc.), the hybrid pixel detectors with direct photon–to–charge conversion become more and more popular, even in medical applications. Single photon counting systems aim at good position resolution and operation with high X-ray flux, so making a pixel size smaller is a general tendency in such systems....
Detailed study of energy resolution and charge division effects in silicon pad detectors performed recently show that these are suitable devices as high energy resolution detectors offering high count rate capability and moderate spatial resolution [1]. An energy resolution better than 220 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV at room temperature has been demonstrated using a low noise front-end electronics...
The entire tracking system of the ATLAS experiment will be replaced during the LHC Phase II shutdown (foreseen to take place around 2025) by an all-silicon detector called the “ITk” (Inner Tracker). The pixel detector will comprise the five innermost layers and it will be built of new sensor and readout electronics technologies to improve the tracking performance and cope with the severe...
Abstract
Timepix3 is a hybrid pixel detector readout chip that features an event driven mode. Upon incident particle hits, it sends processed pixel coordinate, time-over-threshold and time-of-arrival to the readout [1].
Timepix3 modules with planar and 3D sensors where studied with different x-ray sources, low and high-energy hadrons at test beams. This paper will report on the comparative...
Hybrid pixel detectors based on Medipix chips have proven themselves as a good tool for spectral X-ray imaging. An important advantage of such detectors is the possibility to use different sensor materials (Si, GaAs:Cr, CdTe etc.). Each of these materials has own advantages and disadvantages. The higher Z materials provide the higher photon registration efficiency, and the greater energy of...
The frontend readout chip PH32 suitable for measurement of X-rays, beta radiation and ions first presented in [1] is primarily dedicated to the dose rate measurement and basic spectroscopy. Present article is focused on the time of flight functionality which was implemented in the new version of the PH32 chip and can be used in various applications as particle tracking or ion mass spectroscopy...
CdTe optoelectronic based devices has been extensively studied during last decade due to their multiple applications. The time change in the physical properties due to the charge dynamics in these devices is the main reason of the degradation of their performances.
In this contribution, we present a study of the current transients and polarization phenomena [1, 2] in n-type CdZnTe material...
Incineration of the municipal solid waste (MSW) is the most efficient way in waste management, because of the large reduction in volume and high energy recovery. According to European Commission, already in 2006, the EU-15 countries were treating approximately 20 - 25% of their MSW by incineration, with an anticipation of a massive expansion over the following years. After the incineration...
Radiation damage is a widely studied topic for its effects on semiconductor sensors and front-end electronics used in medical and aerospace applications. Radiation tolerance and stability of the detector properties are critical issues for many applications.
Presented study compares the effects of radiation on circuit structures manufactured in a standard 180 nm CMOS [1] and, in addition, on...
A dedicated synchronization bus has been developed and its support has been integrated into the FITPix COMBO device. It can be used as Timepix read-out (involving back-side-pulse acquisition) or as a simple spectrometer device (when an external single pad sensor is connected, e.g. ΔE detector). The synchronization bus allows to build-up a system comprising up to 32 separated devices running in...
Gaseous detectors present advantages over solid-state competitors in applications where room temperature operation, large detection areas or volumes and low-cost are important assets. On the other hand, optical gaseous detectors based on electroluminescence (EL) amplification of the primary ionisation signal are highly competitive alternatives to those based on charge avalanche amplification,...
A developing trend in the design of event-driven sensors for X-ray detection are hybrid pixel detectors working in the single photon counting mode. The factors limiting detector performance, especially for small pixel sizes, include among others, mismatch of circuit components due to process variations, electronic noise and charge sharing. Charge sharing in a hybrid pixel detector occur when...
ABSTRACT
We develop a XRF (x-ray fluorescence) method to characterise the energy response of a multi-element camera in a MARS spectral scanner. Due to the low emission and detection efficiency of the XRF signal it is challenging to measure a well-defined XRF peak. Nearly monochromatic XRF sources are created in the MARS small bore spectral scanner by placing metallic foils between the x-ray...
Characterization of noise and quantum efficiency of the Pixirad-1/Pixie-III CdTe X-ray imaging detector
V. Di Trapani a, F. Brun b , D. Dreossi c, R. Longo d, L. Rigon d, P. Delogu a
aDipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena and INFN sez. di Pisa, Italy
bINFN, sez. di Trieste, Italy
cElettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza, Trieste,...
The MÖNCH [1] detector is a low-noise charge-integrating hybrid pixel detector with 25 μm pixel pitch currently being developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) optimized to be used in soft X-ray applications at synchrotrons and X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Suitable instruments for experiments in the soft X-ray energy range (250–2000 eV) present several technological challenges....
In this work a preamplifier for photodiodes is presented, with a very peculiar feature: the circuit provides two physically separated gain channels for the DC and the high-frequency components of the spectrum. This is achieved with an active transconductor as feedback network of the first gain stage. Even if this one is DC coupled to the photodiode, the low-frequency component of the signal is...
In this presentation avalanche photo diodes based on GaAs/AlGaAs and separated absorption and multiplication regions (SAM – APD) will be discussed. The structures have been fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy utilizing a δ p-doped layer of carbon to separate the multiplication region and the absorption region. The layer thickness of the latter defines the quantum efficiency and subsequently...
In the present work, the gas gain curves have been measured in the range from the ionization chamber regime to the breakdown limit in Ne – N2 gas compositions (2 – 20% N2, also in pure Ne) at various mixtures pressures (50 – 1800 hPa).
The measured gas gain curves have been fitted to the Diethorn, Williams & Sara and of Aoyama gain models to determine the characteristic mixture constants like...
S.Hasna,b , M. Pichotkaa,c, D. Vavrika,c
a Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, CTU in Prague, Horska 3a/22, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic. b Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in...
The Compton camera concept is based on reconstruction of recorded Compton scattering events of incoming gamma rays. The scattering of primary gamma ray occurs in the first detector (called scattering detector – usually thin) recording position and energy of recoiled electron. The scattered gamma quantum continues towards the second detector (called absorption detector - usually thick) where it...
We fabricated a photodetector based on multilayer molybdenum disulfide ($MoS_2$) by micromechanical cleavage of a molybdenite crystal using a polyimide film. We deposited 40nm of gold by vacuum sputtering and copper tape was used for the contacts. Without any surface treatment, we achieved high responsivity at different incident optical power. The calculated responsivity are 2$3\mu AW^{-1}$...
In recent years, much attention has been focused on neutrino research because it can shed new light on greatest mysteries in physics. A new experiment devoted do detection and investigation of reactor antineutrinos is being performed at the IEAP CTU Prague and JINR Dubna using highly segmented scintillating detector $S^3$. This paper describes present status of polystyrene based setup...
We present a new software package for interfacing FitPix and USB Lite compatible Timepix readout electronics using the Robot Operating System (ROS) [1]. ROS is a widely adopted middleware for integration of sensors, processing algorithms and logic to autonomous systems such as robots, unmanned helicopters, and robotic payloads. Thanks to ROS, Timepix detectors can be set for automated...
ABSTRACT
In the last decade, different Positron Emission Tomography (PET) crystals have been proposed for brain PET detectors [1]. Brain PET cameras with restricted field of view (FOV) to a smaller size to cover the brain can both exhibit much higher performance and lower the cost when comparing to conventional whole-body PET scanners. All the present designs based on scintillating crystals...
In spite of the importance of understanding and controlling the electromigration (drift and diffusion of the intrinsic ion defects in external bias) of defects in CdTe based optoelectronic devices, there is, according to our knowledge, no systematic study about the phenomena in the literatures. The reasons for that are the complexity to prepare samples with the same distributions of defects...
The classical pulse processing chain for a radiation detector consists of a charge sensitive amplifier followed by a shaping filter that optimizes the signal to noise ratio. Hybrid pixel detector readout circuits usually omit the band-pass filter stage because of area and power consumption constraints. Moreover, when digitizing the energy information using the Time-Over-Threshold principle, a...
Timepix3 readout chip – the latest member of Medipix family of a hybrid detectors – brought several great functionalities in comparison with older Timepix, i.e. a high hit-rate, a time resolution of 1.56ns, event data-driven readout mode, and mainly the capability to measure the Time-over-Threshold (ToT) and the Time-of-Arrival (ToA) values at the same time.
However, there are postulates that...
We present a newly developed radiation detector based on ASIC manufactured in a 180nm SoI technology [1]. It serves as a capability demonstration device for the SpacePix ASIC suite, currently under development. The active part of the presented demonstrator SpacePix-D is a monolithic radiation detection ASIC X-Chip03 [2] with an active area of 3.8 ´ 3.8 mm2 made of an array of 64 ´ 64 pixels,...
Currently, there are three trends in the design of human Positron Emission Tomograph (PET) scanners. The conventional ones are based on detector rings of about 70 cm transaxial Field Of View (FOV) and about 20 cm axial FOV. The other two approaches in the research arena are the newest total body PET that aims at completely exploring the subject with 200 cm axial length, or the use of...
Within the education context, radiation imaging devices like pixel detectors based on the Timepix chip offer advantages compared to traditional detectors for ionising radiation [1]. In contrast to simple Geiger counters, the energy of single and low-energetic particles or photons can be revealed. Different types of ionising radiation are distinguished based on the shapes of recorded pixel...
A sealed MicroPatterned Gaseous Detector (MPGD) developed with low outgassing materials and with a gas purification system was applied for X-ray transmission imaging. The purification system is based on getters that remove the gas impurities and keep the detector efficiency stable along time.
The filling gas (pure Kr) allows for high detection efficiency [1], expected good spatial resolution...
