The magnetic design is a basic aspect of the superconducting magnets for particle accelerators. When dealing with single aperture $\cos\theta$-type dipoles, the coil design can be performed with an analytic approach based on a sector dipole approximation followed by a numerical optimization. The great advantage of this approach is a rapid evaluation of the field harmonics which permits an...
The Over Pressure (OP) process led to the realization of Bi-2212 wires with Jc performance well beyond the minimum application requirements. While several efforts are under way to demonstrate that it is possible to apply such a process to real coils, researchers at CNR-SPIN are developing a process based on mechanical deformation (the GDG process) to realize denser Bi-2212 wires with...
The beam screen chamber of the Future Circular Collider-hh will be operating at conditions of 40-60K, 16T and 0-1GHz proton bunch frequency. Under these conditions, Cu coating technology might not guarantee an impedance sufficiently low for a stable beam. Recently, we have shown that the surface resistance of REBa2Cu3O7-x Coated Conductors (CCs) out performs that of copper at 8 GHz, 50 K and...
The FCC-e+e− injector complex needs to produce and to transport a high intensity e+e− beam at a fast repetition rate for topping up the collider at its collision energy. Two different options are under consideration as pre-accelerator before the bunches are transferred to the high-energy booster: using the existing SPS and designing a completely new ring. The purpose of this paper is to...
We study the effects of dimension-eight operators giving rise to anomalous neutral triple gauge boson interactions in Z𝛾𝛾 and Z𝛾Z vertices through the 𝜈𝜈𝛾 production at HL/HE-LHC and FCC-hh. The analysis is performed using transverse momentum of photon in the final state including a realistic detector effects for the future hadron colliders. The sensitivity to CP-conserving and CP-violating ,...
A general rule is presented, which describes in which cases it is energetically advantageous to cool the inlet stream to a compressor with chilled water. This feature is investigated specifically for the Nelium refrigerator for the cooling of the beam screens of the Future Circular Collider. It turns out that with this modification of the process the required overall power consumption is...
The FCC-hh design study included investigations on various high temperature superconducting materials to act as part of the beam screen. A superconducting coating on the beam screen should improve cryogenic efficiency and beam impedance mitigation for a high beam stability margin. The extreme conditions in such a collider make high critical currents at high temperatures necessary. Our study...
According to the assumed specification of the Nb3Sn for the accelerator magnets of the FCC (Future Circular Collider), it is required to achieve both extremely high Jc, which is unprecedented, and high RRR and low effective filament diameter (deff).
We have developed high performance Nb3Sn wire via DT (Distributed Tin) method, which is a type of internal Sn method with single barrier. So far,...
Ultra-High Vacuum is an essential requirement to reach design performances in high-energy particle colliders. For the future HL-LHC or FCC study, the understanding of the beam interactions with the vacuum chamber is fundamental to provide solutions to mitigate the pressure rises induced by electronic, photonic and ionic molecular desorption. Studies were performed on the ions, produced by...
This study reveals the industrial impact potentials of key processes needed in the construction of an intensity frontier electron-positron collider and identifies new application fields. Suppliers and manufacturing partners of CERN benefit from their know-how being used in other markets in order to improve their internal efficiency and competitivity on the world-market. Higher cost...
Beam instabilities caused by electron clouds and the resistive wall impedance are potential intensity limitations for the FCC-hh. Similar to the LHC, electron cloud build-up results in heat load and possibly beam instabilities. Consequently, the FCC-hh beam screen will be coated partially with a low secondary emission yield (SEY) layer, which will affect also the impedance. The impedances and...
A key requirement for the realization of the FCC is the development of high-field superconducting dipole magnets: considering that Nb$_3$Sn is currently the best candidate material (with the related requirements of non-Cu J$_c$ = 1.5 kA/mm$^2$ at 16 T and 4.2 K), the microstructural analysis of prototype internal tin Nb$_3$Sn wires, manufactured by the Bochvar Institute with different designs...
Nb3Sn is the principally envisaged superconductor for the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) dipole magnets, in principle able to reach the required specifications (non-Cu Jc=1.5 kA/mm2 at 16T and 4.2K). We present the superconducting and magnetic characterization of prototype internal tin Nb3Sn wires, manufactured at the Bochvar Institute (RU) with different designs and heat treatments. In...
WEKA developed together with Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) a mass flow meter for cryogenic applications. The sensor is based on a new thermal measurement principle developed and verified by KIT. After successful validation of the self-calibrating capability of the sensor at cryogenic conditions in the TOSKA facility in Karlsruhe, the sensor was installed in several field test...
Based upon the conceptual design reports for the FCC cryogenic system, the need for more accurate thermodynamic property models of mixtures was identified. Both academic institutes and world-wide industries have identified the lack of reliable equation of states for mixtures used at very low temperatures. Detailed cryogenic architecture modeling and design cannot be assessed without valid...
High precision timing is becoming an important issue in particle physics especially in Energy Frontiers. Signals with FW10%-10% Max < 25ns and segmentation to handle >200 pileup(PU) are advantageous in many future Colliders and upgrades The high track density and pile-up in high luminosity particle colliders are challenges for event reconstruction and analysis. MIP (minimum ionizing particle)...
The behavior of short segments of YBCO coated conductors with double disordered (DD) nano structure were investigated in a 3 T magnetic field which was produced by a self-designed split-electromagnet at 77 K. The tapes investigated with this magnet were exposed to a non-homogeneously distributed field over a length of 10 cm with an imposed constant transport current of 0-10 A. The voltage...
High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) REBaCuO coated conductors (REBCO-CC) are being considered as possible coating materials for the beam screen of the FCC vacuum chamber replacing Cu which might not present sufficiently low beam impedance. Understanding the behaviour of the tapes under the influence of RF fields, magnetic fields and synchrotron radiation is fundamental to achieve a sound...
We study a hybrid positron source based on the radiation of high energy (GeV) photons by coherent bremsstrahlung in the oriented single crystal, and a subsequent amorphous target for the photons. The primary electron beam could be accelerated to 4.46 GeV energy for the current setup of FCC-ee. It is possible to set photon radiation peak on 3.08 GeV with the proper orientation of the crystal....
Cost-effective manufacturing of Nb3Sn magnets for HE-LHC and FCC could be achieved through optimization of HL-LHC magnet manufacturing performance using key performance indicators (KPI) such as cost and quality. However, optimization of Nb3Sn magnet manufacturing performance is computationally expensive due to the large number of manufacturing parameters, design variables, and KPI, whose...
In conventional e+e- storage ring colliders, we only use lengthend bunch length in beam-beam simulation instead of considering impedance directly. It is no problem since the longitudinal dynamics is not sensitive to beam-beam interaction. But it is different since the bunch will also be lengthend during beam-beam interaction by beamstrahlung effect. It is very natural and more self-consistent...
Among the iron-based Superconductors (IBS) the 11 and the 122 family have attracted much attention because they show excellent superconducting properties for high field applications. The 11 family is also very robust against proton induced damage, and this is important in view of applications of superconductors in radiation-harsh environments such as particle accelerators. Moreover, conductors...
Future Circular Collider for hadrons (FCC-hh) requires a high energy injector. Upgrading the current LHC injector, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), to a superconducting synchrotron (scSPS) could provide adequate extraction energy up to 1.3TeV. Presented here are results of a design study for such an upgrade with a focus on the lattice design, dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole magnets, and...
The reduced price of large grain niobium sheets, compared with the standard small grain sheets, can play a significant role in cost reduction for the fabrication of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities in large particle accelerators projects. However, the anisotropic properties of the blank hinder its formability with conventional forming techniques, e.g. deep-drawing and spinning....
High field superconducting magnets are of the essence to further increase the energy of particle colliders beyond their current state-of-the-art. A magnet technology development program is being carried out at CERN to explore the Nb3Sn performance limits at dipole field levels of 16—18 T. Both the enhanced Racetrack Model Coil (eRMC) and the Racetrack Model Magnet (RMM) aim to develop these...
This work deals with the development and qualification of micro-mechanical polishing (MMP) of niobium complex parts for superconductive radio-frequency (SRF) applications. The aim of the mechanical polishing study was to evaluate the possibility to recover RF surfaces by changing their topographic structure, the smoothening of the surface defects, such as scratches or impacts, and the...
FCC availability studies identified a need for combined operations and availability software. This finding led to the development of OpenMARS approach in collaboration with Tampere University and Ramentor Oy. This present how key features of the approach are used in a collider availability model and existing OpenMARS literature.
In order to avoid the damage of the dump target of the FCC-hh ring, the beam will be swept over its surface in a spiral pattern, using dilution kickers oscillating in the x/y planes with 90 degree phase difference, and an amplitude changing with time. Whereas the natural time-dependence of the amplitude is a convex function (the exponential decay of a damped oscillating circuit...
Within the framework of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) currently being investigated at CERN, the entire cryogenic cycle required to maintain a temperature level of the superconducting magnets near absolute zero had to be revised with respect to the existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, a novel as well as sustainable architecture of the pre-cooling cycle had to be developed....
Presently available state-of-the-art Nb3Sn wires have not yet reached the required FCC performance, which heavily depends on the microstructure. New manufacturing techniques aim to push the material further to its limits through grain refinement and pinning enhancement by the introduction of artificial pinning centres (APCs).
In this study, two approaches that recently managed to achieve the...
In the FCC-ee high-luminosity collider and future high-brightness synchrotron radiation (SR) sources, the fundamental properties of Ti-Zr-V non-evaporable getter (NEG) coatings, namely, high effective pumping speeds, low photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) yields, and low total electron yields, are expected to be efficiently exploited. In such accelerators, however, stored beams are more likely...
The aim to improve critical properties of MgB2 is crucial for its future application. Introduction of artificial pinning center (APC) in MgB2 will be a key factor for enhancement of critical current density. Here we report the progress on synthesis of boron precursor prepared following a patented process developed at SPIN-CNR laboratories. Basic idea is manipulate B precursor B2O3 in liquid...
As part of efforts to improve the performance of SRF cavities, to that prescribed by future operating requirements, alternative materials are currently being investigated. NbN provides interest both as a single layer coating and as part of a multi-layer coating for SRF cavities.
In this contribution, an update is provided regarding results from ongoing investigations into DC magnetron...
We study single production of heavy vector-like bottom (VLB) quark partner and its decay to a top quark and W boson at the future circular hadron collider (FCC-hh) with high center of mass energy of 100 TeV. The results show that the mixing between the vector-like quark and third generation quarks can largely enhance the production cross section. We analyze the final state kinematical...
The existing designs of the 16 T dipoles of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) consider the use of Nb3Sn grading. Since 2017 a collaboration between CERN and Swiss Plasma Center has been aiming at developing and qualifying intergrade splices. The main goal is obtaining a low electrical resistance (<1 nΩ) at magnetic field higher than 10 T and at a ratio of 1/3 between operational and critical...
The Magnesium Diboride is a superconducting compound discovered in 2001 with a relatively high-critical temperature. The absence of weak-link and the simple crystalline structure allows producing low-cost wires through the powder in tube (PIT) technique, allowing the industrial application.
In the past ten years, the MgB2 wire technology has made a significant progress, thanks to the...
Beam-beam simulation code BBSS is extended to multi-IP and multi-beam collision. Increasing IP, synchrotron tune is kept due to limitation of RF voltage, synchrotron phase advance between IP is smaller. Condition of beam-beam head-tail (BBHT) instability is changed for increasing IP. We discuss simulation results for CEPC and FCCee.
We investigate the effects of dimension-eight operators of the anomalous neutral triple gauge boson interactions in ZZ production at 100 TeV centre of mass energy of circular hadron collider, namely FCC-hh. The analysis is performed on four-lepton final state including the realistic detector effects. The sensitivities to the CP-conserving C_{\tilde{B}W} and CP-violating C_{BW},C_{BB} ,C_{WW} ...
Superconducting thin films have great potential as post-Nb material for use in SRF applications in future accelerators and industry. To test the RF-performance of such films in practice, would require the building and coating of a full RF cavity. Deposition of thin films on such scales in test facilities are challenging, in particular when curved surfaces have to be coated. This greatly...
The present contribution deals with investigations of heat treated Nb-Cu6Sn5 diffusion couples starting from Nb substrate and deposited Cu-Sn layers serving as models for early stages of intermetallic formation during heat treatment of Nb-Cu-Sn wires upon the production of Nb3Sn multifilamentary wires. In the last years, in contradiction to the long-term belief, also a ternary phase with the...
The testing capabilities of SULTAN have been recently expanded by installing a removable cryostat, which enables the test of accelerator relevant conductors and small insert coils at variable temperature and with a background field of 10.9 T. The cryostat is equipped with High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) current feedthroughs, which can provide 9.5 kA at 50 K to the sample. A series of...
Currently available turbo-compressors were designed for natural gas. In order to apply them for very light gases, such as neon-helium mixtures for cryogenic Turbo-Brayton cycles, further development is necessary. Therefore, a corresponding study on turbo-compressor technology is performed at the University of Stuttgart. New compressor stages with improved geometry are being designed for a...
Preliminary studies of top quark pair production in e+e- collision at the production threshold will be presented, where the FCC-ee fast simulation including full particle flow is used.
Dual Readout Calorimetry measures scintillation light and Cherenkov light on the same hadron shower to correct the jet energy in order to compensate hadron and jet energy measurements.
Dual Readout with parallel plastic scintillator and quartz fibers shows promise, but limitations exist including but not limited to radiation damage of the plastic scintillators and high costs.
We present dual...
For the post High Luminosity LHC era several accelerator projects are under study with the aim to increase the discovery potential for new physics at both the high energy and intensity frontier. The hadron-hadron based Future Circular Collider(FCC-hh) is one such project with the goal to collide proton-proton beams at $\sqrt{s} \sim 100$TeV with a bunch crossing rate of 25ns. Some of the major...
One of the well-known difficulties concerning the performances of the Nb coated Cu cavities, is the reproducibility of the results. Two cavities fabricated by the same method and sputtered with the same deposition parameters, may present different performances during the RF characterization. Two main approaches are taken into consideration for this research: substrate and film reproducibility....
The top quark FCNC interactions would be a good test of new physics at present and future colliders. We present an update on study for top-quark-photon and top-quark-Z boson effective FCNC interaction vertices through the production process ep—>eWq+X at future circular collider-electron hadron (FCC-eh). The cross sections for the signal and interfering background have been calculated for...
The following work addresses improvements of the resin impregnation systems with the goal to overcome field limiting effects occurring during training like micro-cracks, plastic events, or delamination. A current cooperation between ETH Zürich, Paul Scherrer Institute and CERN, embedded in the CHART (Swiss Accelerator Research and Technology) initiative, aims at the development of tough epoxy...
