Speaker
Description
We study the form of the structure functions connected to the zero sound excitations in the symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter (ANM). The density response $\Pi(\omega,k)$ (the retarded polarization operator) of ANM to the small external field $V_0(\omega,k)= \tau_{z}e^{i\vec q\vec r -i(\omega+i\eta)t}$ is considered. The structure function $S(\omega,k)$ is defined as $S(\omega,k) = -\frac1\pi{\rm Im}\, \Pi(\omega,k)$ [1].
In [2] the three complex branches of the zero sound excitations in ANM were obtained: $\omega_{si}(k)$, $i=n,p,np$. We calculate these branches as solutions of the dispersion equation $E(\omega,k)=0$. Calculations were made in the framework of RPA with the Landau-Migdal quasiparticle-quasihole isovector interaction $F'(\vec\tau,\vec\tau')$ with $F'=1.0$.
It was shown that in the external field $V_0(\omega,k)$ the total polarization operator is the sum [3]: $\Pi= \Pi^{pp} + \Pi^{nn} - \Pi^{pn} - \Pi^{np}$. Expressions for $\Pi^{\tau,\tau'}$ are obtained from the system of equations $M$ of the type similar to the system for the effective fields in [4]: $\Pi^{pp}= \Pi_0^p(1-\Pi_0^n\,F^{nn})/\det M(\omega,k)\equiv D^{pp}/\det M(\omega,k)$, $\Pi^{np} = \Pi_0^p\,\Pi_0^n\,F^{np}/ \det M(\omega,k) \equiv D^{np}/\det M(\omega,k)$. Changing $p\leftrightarrow n$ we obtain $ \Pi^{nn}$, $\Pi^{pn}$. Dispersion equation for the frequencies of zero sound excitations is $E(\omega,k)\equiv \det M(\omega,k)=0$. So, the branches $\omega_{si}(k)$ are the zeros of $\det M$ and the poles of $\Pi^{\tau,\tau'}$ by construction.
In our approach $S(\omega,k)$ must be considered as a sum over three independent processes: the widths of the different $\omega_{si}(k)$ correspond to the different decays of excitations. The imaginary part of $\omega_{sn}(k)$ describes in nuclei the semidirect decay due to emission of a neutron, reaction $(\gamma,n)$. Decay of $\omega_{sp}(k)$ accompanied by emission of proton. About of $\omega_{snp}(k)$ we can say that one nucleon is emitted and its isospin is not fixed [2]. We rewrite $S(\omega,k) = \Sigma_i S_i(\omega,k)$.
Near the pole at $\omega\approx {\rm Re}(\omega_{si})$ we approximate $(\det M(\omega,k))^{-1}$ $= {R^i(\omega_{si},k)}/{(\omega-\omega_{si})}$ $+ Reg(\omega,k)$. Here $Reg(\omega,k)$ is a smooth function near the pole. This permits us to write
$S(\omega,k)_i= \,-\frac1{\pi} {\rm Im} [\Sigma_{\tau,\tau'}(D^{\tau\tau'}(\omega,k))\,R^i(\omega_{si},k)/(\omega-\omega_{si}) + Reg]$. Then, let define the envelope curve of the pole terms $S^e(\omega,k)= -\frac1\pi \Sigma_{\tau,\tau'} {\rm Im} [D^{\tau,\tau'}(\omega,k) \Sigma_i\,R^i(\omega_{si},k)/ (\omega-\omega_{si})]$.
We demonstrate results for ANM with asymmetry parameter $\beta=0.2$ Fig.1. In the left figure the branches $\omega_{sn}(k)$, $i=n,p,np$ are shown [2]. In the right figure $S^e(\omega,k)$ are presented for $k/p_0=0.6$ and $k/p_0=0.2$ ($p_0=0.268$GeV). For $k/p_0=0.6$ the structure functions for the different processes $S_i(\omega,k)$, $i=n,p,np$ are presented (the numbers $1,2,3$, correspondingly). As it was expected the form of the structure function is decomposed over the contributions of the definite processes, corresponding to $\omega_{si}(k)$. The widths of maxima ($right$) are determined by the imaginary parts of $\omega_{si}$ ($left$).
[1] E.Lipparini, "Modern Many-particle Physics", 2003, World Scientific Publishing Co.
[2] V.A.Sadovnikova, M.A.Sokolov, Bull.Russ.Acad.Sci.Phys., v.80,p.981(2016); eprint 1807.09580.
[3] A.Pastore, D.Davesne, J.Navarro, Phys.Rept.v.563,p.1(2015).
[4] A.B.Migdal, D.F.Zaretsky, A.A.Lushnikov, Nucl.Phys.,v.A66,p.193(1965)
