The next generation magnetic spectrometer in space, AMS-100, is designed with a geometrical acceptance of 100~m²sr for a ten year operation at Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2.
The purpose of AMS-100 is to improve the sensitivity for the observation of new phenomena in cosmic rays by at least a factor of 1000.
The AMS-100 detector consists of a high temperature superconducting solenoid, an...
The future of Gravitational Waves (GWs) is bright. LIGO and Virgo have detected more than 70 signals from black hole and/or neutron star mergers. All measured signals came in the LIGO/Virgo sensitive band at around 30 Hz. Suspension control noise, fueled by many cross couplings between angular and translational degrees of freedom, sets this limit by being the dominant noise source below 30...
The DARWIN observatory is a proposed multi-purpose experiment for dark matter and neutrino physics. At its heart, DARWIN will feature a 50 tonne (40 tonnes active) dual-phase xenon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) allowing to probe the experimentally accessible parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in a wide mass-range until neutrino interactions with the target become...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino observatory (JUNO) experiment uses a large liquid scintillator detector to measure electron antineutrinos issued from nuclear reactors at a distance of 53 km. The main goal is to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and precisely measure oscillation parameters. The detector will be located at 700 m underground and will consist of 20 ktons of liquid...
DUNE is the most ambitious long-baseline experiment under construction in the US for the study of neutrino oscillation and astroparticle physics. The DUNE far detector consists of four modules (17 kton each) based on the Liquid Argon TPC technology and enhanced by a powerful Photon Detection System (PDS) that records the 128 nm scintillation light emitted by argon.
The talk will cover the...
Hadron therapy is a treatment method that utilizes the energy deposition of protons or heavier ions to concentrate the dose delivered to a patient during the treatment of a malignant tumor. Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is a novel imaging modality used to reconstruct the relative stopping power (RSP) of an object of interest by tracking single proton trajectories and measuring their...
Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototype and full size detector systems for applications requiring simultaneous time and spatial precision. For these purposes a dedicated LGAD strip sensor production has been conducted at FBK with different strip geometries and sizes.
This contribution will review a wide variety of LGAD applications ranging...
The CYGNO project aims at realising a 1 cubic meter gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) equipped with a Scientific CMOS (sCMOS) commercial cameras to optically readout Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) to be operated at the underground Laboratories of Gran Sasso (LNGS).
The purpose of the project is to study the technology needed for a larger size gaseous TPC (30-100m^3) operated at atmospheric...
Since the start of data taking in spring 2019 at the Super-KEKB collider (KEK, Japan) the Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) has been operating reliably and with high efficiency, while providing high quality data: high signal-to-noise ratio, greater than 99% hit efficiency, and precise spatial resolution. These attributes, combined with stability over time, results in good tracking...
In the quest for the Lepton Flavour Violation (LFV) the MEG experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) represents the state of the art in the search for the charged LFV $\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+ \gamma$ decay. MEG set the most stringent upper limit on the BR$(\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+ \gamma) \leq 4.2 \times 10^{-13}$ ($90\%$ confidence level), imposing one of the tightest constraints on models...
An upgraded silicon pixel detector, called the phase-1 pixel detector, was constructed for the higher instantaneous luminosity and total radiation fluence experienced during the Run 2 period of the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) and was installed in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) in 2017. The upgraded detector is comprised of four barrel layers and three end-cap disks, with modules in the...
During the long shutdown 2 of the LHC, the ALICE Time Projection Chamber (TPC) was upgraded in order to cope with the increased Pb-Pb interaction rate of 50 kHz planned for Run 3. The MWPC-based amplification system was replaced by Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM). These avoid the long dead time caused by the ion gating grid of the MWPC, and hence allow for a continuous readout. At the same...
The ATLAS experiment is currently preparing for an upgrade of the Inner Tracking for High-Luminosity LHC operation, scheduled to start in 2027. The radiation damage at the maximum integrated luminosity of 4000/fb implies integrated hadron fluencies over 2x10$^{16}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$ and tracking in very dense environment call for a replacement of the existing Inner Detector. An all-silicon Inner...
LHCb is undergoing a major upgrade during LHC LS2 to be completed in February 2022 to cope with increased instantaneous luminosities and a trigger-less 40 MHz read-out to improve on many world-best physics measurements. A light and homogeneous detector based on plastic scintillating fibres will be installed downstream of the LHCb dipole magnet.
The Scintillating Fibre (SciFi) tracker covers...
The HL-LHC opens up new windows for exciting discoveries but also brings about new challenges due to the high pileup environment of approximately 200 interactions per collision. Precise measurements of track and vertex timing can efficiently mitigate these pileup effects. The CMS detector will be upgraded with a MIP timing detector (MTD) capable of providing ultra-fast timing information of...
The increase of the particle flux at the HL-LHC with instantaneous luminosities up to L ≃ 7.5 × 10$^{34}$ cm$^{−2}$s$^{−1}$ will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector performance. The forward region where the liquid Argon calorimeter has coarser granularity and the inner tracker has poorer momentum resolution will be particularly affected. A High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be...
The CMS Collaboration is preparing to build replacement endcap calorimeters for the HL-LHC era. The new high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) is, as the name implies, a highly-granular sampling calorimeter with approximately six million silicon sensor channels (~1.1cm^2 or 0.5cm^2 cells) and about four hundred thousand scintillator tiles readout with on-tile silicon photomultipliers. The...
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider has started data taking in 2019 with the perspective of collecting 50ab-1 in the course of the next several years. The detector is working well with very good performance, but the first years of running are showing novel challenges and opportunities for reliable and efficient detector operations with machine backgrounds extrapolated to...
The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to operate at a luminosity in the range of 1 to 2 x 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ to collect a data set of 300 fb$^{-1}$. This will require a substantial modification of the current LHCb ECAL due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities. The ECAL has to provide good energy and position resolutions in these conditions....
The particle physics community is currently studying collider projects for the post-LHC era. Among those, muon colliders are particularly interesting due to their ability to reach multi-TeV energies in the environment typical for lepton colliders where backgrounds due to other physics processes are significantly lower than at a hadron collider experiment. However, as muons are unstable...
In this presentation we report the performance of the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) working with new eco-friendly gases which are intended to replace the traditional standard mixture($C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}/i-C_{4}H_{10}/SF_{6}$). The new gaseous components have Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) both at very low or null level. Indeed the $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$ (GWP~1430)...
A recently approved ten-year extension of the BESIII experiment (IHEP, Beijing) motivated an upgrade program for both the accelerator and the detector. In particular, the current inner drift chamber is suffering from aging and the proposal is to replace it with a detector based on the cylindrical GEM technology.
The CGEM inner tracker consists of three coaxial layers of triple GEM. The...
Plastic scintillator detectors are widely used in high-energy physics, often as an active neutrino target, both in long and short baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. They can provide 3D tracking with $4\pi$ coverage and calorimetry of the neutrino interaction final state combined with very good particle identification capabilities and sub-nanosecond time resolution. Moreover, the large...
Since many decades scintillating crystals have been used for radiation detectors such as high resolution electromagnetic calorimeters and positron emission tomographs. Significant progress has been made in the field of inorganic scintillators in the understanding of their scintillation properties, radiation hardness and production methods over the last 30 years. In addition many applications...
Organic plastic scintillators are largely exploited for fast time detectors thanks to their short scintillation time wrt inorganic crystals. Plastic scintillators are cheap to produce, light and easy to manipulate (standard mechanical workshop can handle the cutting, polishing, etc..). The nowadays best (faster) plastic scintillators are EJ-232 (Eljen Technology) and BC-422 (Saint Gobain) with...
Decreasing the process feature size of monolithic CMOS pixel sensors is expected to enhance their overall performance, in terms of time and spatial resolutions, power dissipation and hit handling capabilities. CERN has organized the access to the Tower 65 nm CMOS sensor process, which is currently investigated by a large consortium as a potential technological candidate for the design of...
The Micro-Vertex Detector of the CBM experiment at FAIR will be equipped with the full custom CMOS Pixel Sensor called MIMOSIS designed at IPHC, which is also developed for the EU project CREMLINplus and serves as a forerunner for future high precision tracking devices.
Several prototypes and building blocks are developed and tested by IPHC-IKF-GSI collaboration in order to fulfill the...
The CERN RD50 CMOS working group is designing and characterizing DMAPS for use in high radiation environments fabricated in the LFoundry 150nm HV-CMOS process. The first iteration of this chip, RD50-MPW1, suffered from high leakage current, low breakdown voltage and crosstalk. In order to mitigate these shortcomings, an improved version with improved pixel geometry was designed. The RD50-MPW2...
Monolithic CMOS active pixel sensors in depleted substrates (DMAPS) are an attractive development for pixel tracker systems in high-rate collider experiments. The radiation tolerance of these devices is enhanced through technology add-ons and careful design, which allow them to be biased with large voltages and collect charge through drift in highly resistive silicon bulks. In addition, the...
The increasing availability of commercial CMOS processes with high-resistivity wafers has fueled the R&D of depleted monolithic active pixel sensors (DMAPS) for usage in high energy physics experiments. One of these developments is a series of monolithic pixel detectors with column-drain readout architecture and small collection electrode allowing for low-power designs (TJ-Monopix).
It is...
Monolithic silicon pixel detectors are attractive candidates for future large-area trackers in particle physics due to their advantages, for instance to reduce the production effort and material budget. State of the art monolithic silicon pixel detectors can reach high spatial precision. Integrating picosecond time resolution in such devices would significantly improve their performance and...
The ARCADIA Collaboration is developing a technology platform for the design, fabrication and characterisation of innovative monolithic sensors compatible with standard CMOS processes. The sensor technology allows to fully deplete the substrate for a fast charge collection only by drift, while the use of a small collection electrode maximises the signal-to-noise ratio. Backside lithography is...
Silicon sensors will continue to be the central tracking elements for upcoming particle physics detectors. They will have to cover large areas and thus be a main cost driver. The currently used silicon sensors are available only from very few manufacturers, thus detector technologies and designs that can be realized through established commercial industrial production processes and are...
In this contribution, we present a new development of radiation-resistant silicon sensors. This innovative sensor design exploits the recently observed saturation of radiation damage effects on silicon, together with the usage of thin substrates, intrinsically less affected by radiation. The internal multiplication of the charge carriers will be used to overcome the small signals coming from...
The new demanding environment of High Luminosity LHC, which is expected to reach an integrated luminosity up to 3000-4000 fb$^{-1}$ by the end of its lifetime, sets new challenges for the CMS Tracking System. The full sub-detector needs to be replaced to cope with the increased radiation levels while maintaining the excellent tracking performance of the existing detector. The Phase-2 Upgrade...
The High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) calls for an upgrade of the CMS tracking detector to cope with the increased radiation levels while maintaining the excellent performance of the existing detector.
Specifically, new high-radiation tolerant solid-state pixel sensors, capable of surviving irradiation fluencies up to a $ 2.0 \times 10^{16} \: n_{eq}/cm^2$ at...
The material properties of Silicon-Carbide (SiC) make it a promising candidate for application as particle detector at high beam rates. In comparison to Silicon (Si), the increase in charge carrier saturation velocity and breakdown voltage allow for high time resolution while mitigating pile ups. The larger bandgap improves radiation hardness and suppresses dark current. The presented project...
Developments of semiconductor detectors with increased tolerance to the high radiation levels are resulting often in devices that deviate significantly from the classical planar electrode designs. Shorter collection distances that are utilised in 3D detectors (silicon and diamond) in which electrodes are penetrating into the crystal bulk, and the introduction of charge multiplication regions...
The unprecedented density of charged particles foreseen at the next generation of experiments at future hadronic machines poses a significant challenge to the tracking detectors, that are expected to stand extreme levels of radiation as well as to be able to efficiently reconstruct a huge number of tracks and primary vertices. To meet this challenge new extremely radiation hard materials and...
The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider highlighted the need for a time-tagging of tracks with a precision of tens of picoseconds. This requirement motivated the development of radiation hard silicon sensors dedicated to the time-of-interaction measurement of minimum ionizing particles. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon sensors with internal charge...
A spacial and temporal characterization of the novel Trench Isolated LGAD (TI-LGAD) production at FBK from the RD50 collaboration is presented. This technology is promising for the implementation of the so called 4D-pixels aiming to combine in one device position tracking functionality together with a precise timing determination. In the TI-LGAD technology, each pixel is an individual LGAD and...
Resistive Silicon Detectors (RSD, also known as AC-LGAD) are innovative silicon sensors based on the LGAD technology, characterized by a continuous gain layer and by an internal signal-sharing mechanism.
RSDs are very promising tracking detectors that combine large pitch and extremely accurate position reconstruction: the most recent results show a spatial resolution of 2 μm for a sensor with...
TORCH is a large-area, high-precision time-of-flight (ToF) detector designed to provide charged-particle identification in the 2-20 GeV/c momentum range. Prompt Cherenkov photons emitted by charged hadrons as they traverse a 1cm quartz radiator are propagated to the periphery of the detector, where they are focused onto an array of microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs). The...
The PICOSEC Micromegas (MM) precise timing detectors offer precise timing on the order of tens of ps by coupling a Cherenkov radiator with a photocathode and a MM amplification structure. Time resolution below 25 ps for MIPs was demonstrated with single-channel prototypes. Recent developments towards instrumenting larger detection areas with precise timing PICOSEC detectors include...
