International Conference on Precision Physics and Fundamental Physical Constants (FFK-2015)

12 Oct 2015, 12:00 → 16 Oct 2015, 12:00 Europe/Budapest

Kis terem (Small conference room) (Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

Dezso Horvath (Wigner RCP, Budapest (HU))

The International Conference on Precision Physics and Fundamental Constants is organized by the Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary in cooperation with the Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia and Pulkovo Observatory, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

The Conference follows the series of workshops on Precision Physics and Fundamental Physical Constants (2008-2014) which took place in St. Petersburg (Russia), Stará Lesná (Slovakia) and Dubna (Russia) (for the meeting of 2014 look at http://theor.jinr.ru/~ffk14/2014/index.html).

There will be a satellite workshop before our conference in Bratislava, Slovakia on Dispersion Methods for Hadronic Contributions to QED Effects: http://www.saske.sk/Uef/Conferences/FFK/Satelite_2015.htm

The workshop is devoted to precision measurements of hadronic effects like proton form factors, proton polarizability and hadronic contributions to the muon g-2. All participants of FFK-2015, Budapest are invited to attend Bratislava as well.

      

Book_of_Abstracts_FFK_2015.pdf

Poster

Monday 12 October

Registration

Spectroscopy-1

Convener: Savely Karshenboim

1 Welcome to Budapest

Speaker: Prof. Ágnes Buka (Wigner Research Centre for Physics)

1.01_WIGNER_ffk.ppt

2 Opening: Year of Light in Hungary.

Speaker: Norbert Kroó (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary)

1.02_Kroo_20151012.ppt

3 H2+ spectroscopy - status and perspectives

Ro-vibrational spectroscopy of the hydrogen molecular ions H2+ and HD+ is a promising path for fundamental constants metrology. It could improve the current knowledge of the proton-to-electron mass ratio and contribute to resolving the current discrepancy on the proton charge radius and/or Rydberg constant. Very precise predictions of the transition frequencies, taking high-order QED corrections into account, are required for these objectives. The theoretical accuracy has been improved by several order of magnitude in recent years, reaching the 10^{-12} range [1]. I will describe the calculation of vacuum polarization contributions involving the Uehling potential [2]. The satus of our experiment for two-photon spectroscopy of H2+ will also be presented. [1] V.I. Korobov, L. Hilico, and J.-Ph. Karr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103003 and Phys. Rev. A 89, 032511 (2014). [2] J.-Ph. Karr, L. Hilico, and V.I. Korobov, Phys. Rev. A 90, 062516 (2014).

Speaker: Dr Jean-Philippe Karr (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (UPMC/CNRS/ENS/Collège de France))

1.1_FFK2015_Karr_H2+.pdf

4 Precision measurements on H2 in search for new physics

Molecular hydrogen is the smallest neutral molecule and the most abundant molecular species in the Universe. High-resolution spectroscopic studies of this benchmark system can serve as a test for various directions in the exploration of new physics. Several of those have been pursued: - The search for a variation of the proton-electron mass ratio in earlier phases of the Universe; this is done via the analysis of absorption systems in the line-of-sight of quasars. - The search for a possible dependence of the proton electron mass ratio depending on environmental conditions, such as the local gravitational field; this is done via the analysis of absorption spectra of the photosphere of white dwarf stars. - The search for possible fifth forces between hadrons; this is done via precision measurement of the dissociation limit of the H2 molecule and a measurement of the vibrational ground tone splitting. - The same experimental data can also be employed to detect possible extra dimensions beyond the known 3+1 space-time dimensionality. All of these directions will be highlighted and the possibility for improvements and tighter constraints discussed.

Speaker: Wim Ubachs (VU University Amsterdam)

1.2_Ubachs-Budapest-2015.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

Spectroscopy-2.

Convener: Vladimir Korobov

5 Precision measurement of the hyperfine splitting of positronium

Positronium (Ps) is an ideal system for precision test of bound-state Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). The hyperfine splitting (HFS) of the ground-state Ps has a discrepancy of 16 ppm (4.5 $\sigma$) between the averaged previous experimental value and the theoretical calculation with $O(\alpha^3)$ corrections. A new experiment which reduced possible systematic uncertainties, which are Ps thermalization effect and non-uniformity of magnetic field, was performed to check the discrepancy. It revealed that the Ps thermalization effect was as large as 10$\pm$2 ppm, which could have been underestimated as a systematic uncertainty in the previous experiments. Treating this effect correctly, a new independent experimental result of $203.3942 \pm 0.0016 ({\mathrm{stat.}}, 8.0~{\mathrm{ppm}}) \pm 0.0013 ({\mathrm{syst.}}, 6.4~{\mathrm{ppm}})~{\mathrm{GHz}}$ was obtained. This result is consistent with the QED prediction within 1.1 $\sigma$, whereas it disfavours the previous experimental average by 2.6 $\sigma$. It shows that the Ps thermalization effect is crucial for precision measurement of HFS. In this presentation, I will explain the details of the new experiment. Future prospects for improved precision will be also briefly discussed.

Speaker: Akira Ishida (University of Tokyo (JP))

1.3_FFK2015_ishida_20151012.pdf

6 High precision spectroscopy of Ps

Positronium is an excellent test-bed for bound-state QED, owing to its purely leptonic nature. This allows its properties to be calculated very precisely in terms of the fine structure constant, with no contributions from hadronic interactions (weak interactions can also be neglected at the present experimental level). A measurement of the 1S-2S transition frequency of poitronium (at a precision level of less than 1 ppb (an improvement of a factor of five on the current measurement [1]) is sufficient to check the most recent calculations [2]. The limitation on improving the precision of this measurement much beyond this level is the high velocity of positronium at room temperature. Simulations show that Stark deceleration of Rydberg state positronium from room temperature (around 70000 m/s) to below 1000 m/s should be possible with reasonable efficiency. In this case, a measurement of the transition frequency at the level of a few kHz would be feasible, allowing a possible independent determination of the Rydberg constant. Progress towards such a measurement is reported here, including preliminary results, positron beam technology and strategies for reaching the required precision. [1] M. S. Fee, A. P. Mills, S. Chu, E. D. Shaw, K. Danzmann, R. J. Chichester and D. M. Zuckerman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1397 (1993) [2] K. Pachucki and S. G. Karshenboim, Phys. Rev. A60, 2792 (1999)

Speaker: David Cooke (Eth Zurich)

1.4_cooke_ffk2015.pdf

7 Nanoplasmonics for ultimate spatiotemporal characterization of optical near-fields

Nano-optical near fields already play a fundamental role in many nanotechnology applications including photovoltaics, sensorics and biomedicine. The characterization of nanoscale changes of the electromagnetic field on ultrashort (femto- and attosecond) time-scales is a core requirement for developing applications. I will show how ultrafast photoemission from and photoelectron spectroscopy on nanoscale systems can help to achieve these goals.

Speaker: Dr Péter Dombi (Wigner Research Centre for Physics)

8 Shifts and widths of magnetic Feshbach resonances in atomic traps

We have developed and analyzed in application to experimentally interesting cases a theoretical approach to study magnetic Feshbach resonances in atomic traps [1,2]. The program was realized by extending (to confined geometry of the traps) the two-channel model of Lange et al [3] suggested for parametrization of resonances in free-space. In our approach, the experimentally known parameters of Feshbach resonances in free-space are used as an input. We have calculated the shifts and widths of s- and p-wave magnetic Feshbach resonances of $^{133}$Cs and $^{40}$K atoms emerging in harmonic waveguides as s- and p-wave confinement induced resonances (CIRs)[4,5]. Particularly, we show a possibility to control the width and shift of the s- and p-wave CIRs by the trap frequency and the applied magnetic field which could potentially be used in corresponding experiments. For example, it is shown that in a harmonic waveguide there is a possibility to decrease dramatically the width of the Feshbach resonances by decreasing the trap frequency. We have also found the importance of including the effective range terms in the computational schemes for the description of the p-wave CIRs contrary to the case of s-wave CIRs where the impact of the effective range is negligible [4,6]. In previous investigations of the p-wave CIRs in harmonic waveguides [2,5,7] the effects due to the effective range have been neglected. Thus, our model permits to extract the precise information about low-energy atom-atom interaction, such as s- and p-wave scattering lengths and effective ranges, from the width and shifts of magnetic Feshbach resonances in atomic traps. {1} S. Saeidian, V.S. Melezhik, and P. Schmelcher, Phys. Rev. {\bf A76} (2012) 62713. {2} S. Saeidian, V.S. Melezhik, and P. Schmelcher, J. Phys. {\bf B48} (2015) 155301. {3} A.D. Lange, K. Pilch, A. Prantner, F. Ferlaino, B. Engeser, H.-C. N\"agerl, R. Grimm, and C. Chin, Phys. Rev. {\bf A79} (2009) 013622. {4} M. Olshanii, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 81} (1998) 938. {5} B.E. Granger and D. Blume, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92} (2004) 133202. {6} E. Haller, M.J. Mark, R. Hart, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichs\"ollner, V. Melezhik, P. Schmelcher, and H.C. N\"agerl, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 104} (2010) 153203. {7} J.I. Kim, V.S. Melezhik, and P. Schmelcher, Progr. Theor. Phys. Supp. {\bf 166} (2007) 159.

Speaker: Prof. Vladimir Melezhik (JINR)

1.6_melezhik_ffk-2015-1.pdf

20:00 Welcome party

Tuesday 13 October

Antihydrogen

Convener: Stefan Ulmer

9 Towards antihydrogen 1s-2s Spectroscopy

The Charge-Parity-Time (CPT) symmetry predicts a perfect matching between an atom's and the antiatom's quantum structure. Following the production and trapping of antihydrogen $(\rm\overline H)$ atoms in experiments at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD), it is now possible to attempt a high-precision comparison of the spectra of H and $\rm\overline H$. There are interests in the hyperfine structure, in the two-photon 1s-2s transition and in the Lyman-$\alpha$ 1s-2p transition for detection and cooling. In this contribution I mostly discuss the 1s-2s spectroscopy. I review results with hydrogen and the future prospects for precisions beyond parts in 10$^{15}$. I discuss a detection method for the initial spectroscopy in the ALPHA experiment. I also discuss a new cold hydrogen beam setup developed in Rio for a direct comparison of the two conjugate species, as well as a possibility to integrate both species in the same trapping environment.

Speaker: Claudio Lenz Cesar (Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR))

10 Antihydrogen Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy (AEGIS)

Speaker: Eberhard Widmann (Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT))

1.2_Widmann-AEgIS FFK2015.pdf

11 Status of the Antihydrogen Hyperfine Structure Measurement in ASACUSA

On behalf of the ASACUSA-CUSP Collaboration The ASACUSA-CUSP collaboration at the CERN antiproton Decelerator (AD) aims at probing CPT symmetry through the precise comparison of hyperfine transitions in hydrogen and its CPT-conjugate: antihydrogen. The ground state hyperfine transition in hydrogen has been measured more than half a century ago in a beam with a relative precision of 4 × 10e−8 [1] and later to a much improved relative precision of 10e−12 in a maser [2]. Given the inapplicability of the latter for antimatter, the ASACUSA-CUSP collaboration has adopted a similar experimental concept for the measurement of the hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen as the 1950's measurement in hydrogen : a polarized beam of antihydrogen interacts with a microwave field within a cavity which on resonance drives the hyperfine transition [3]. This method benefits, over measurements with trapped antihydrogen atoms, from the high magnetic field homogeneity achievable in the region where atoms undergo the transitions and hence has the potential to reach a ppm-level precision with a relatively low number of antihydrogen atoms detected. After the recent production of antihydrogen atoms [4] and their detection in a magnetic field-free region [5] 2.7m away from the ASACUSA antihydrogen production trap, efforts have been dedicated to the upgrade of the apparatus in order to produce an intense beam of antihydrogen and for its efficient detection. In parallel to those developments the spectroscopy apparatus [6] was tested with a source of cold polarized hydrogen. This confirmed the high precision and accuracy which can be achieved [7]. After shortly describing the experimental setup and discussing its sensitivity, I will highlight the latest developments and the upcoming experimental challenges. *[1] A. G Prodell and P. Kusch, Physical Review 88 184 (1952). [2] H. Hellwig et al., IEEE Trans. Instr. Meas. IM 19 200 (1970), L. Essen et al., Nature 229 110 (1971). [3] E. Widmann et al., Hyperfine Interact. 215 1 (2013) [4] Y. Enomoto et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 243401 (2010) [5] N. Kuroda et al., Nature Communications 5 3089 (2014). [6] C. Malbrunot el al., Hyperfine Interact. 228 1 (2014) [7] M. Diermaier et al., Hyperfine Interact. 233 1 (2015)*

Speaker: Chloe Malbrunot (CERN)

Malbrunot_FFK_l.pdf

10:30 Coffee break

Exotic Atoms -1

Convener: Eberhard Widmann (Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT))

12 Observation of long-lived states of hydrogen-like atom consisting of pi+ and pi- mesons.

DIRAC experiment at the CERN PS accelerator observes for the first time long-lived states of hydrogen-like atom consisting of $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$ mesons with lifetimes of about 10−11~s and more. There were observed $436\pm61$ characteristic pion pairs resulting from the long-lived states breakup, that corresponds to a signal-to-error ratio of better than 7 standard deviations. Together with measurement of the ground state lifetime of $\pi^+\pi^-$ atom, this observation opens a new possibility for detailed study of $\pi\pi$ scattering lengths.

Speaker: Leonid Afanasyev (Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research (RU))

Afanasyev_FFK-2015.pdf

13 Beyond the proton radius, or what else can muonic hydrogen tell us about the proton?

Speaker: Vladimir Pascalutsa

2.2_Pascalutsa_BeyondRE_13Oct_2015.pdf

14 ASACUSA experiment: the mass and charge of antiprotons

Speaker: Daniel Barna (University of Tokyo (JP))

2.3_Daniel-Barna-FFK-2015-Budapest.pdf

13:00 Lunch

Poster Session

Convener: Dezso Horvath (Wigner RCP, Budapest (HU))

15 Absolute mass measurement of oxygen-16 at THe-Trap

THe-Trap is a Penning-trap mass spectrometer that aims to measure the atomic mass ratio of tritium to helium-3 with a relative uncertainty of 1 · 10−11 . To test the experiment’s accuracy and precision, we measured the mass ratio of carbon-12 to oxygen-16, which is one of the most precisely determined mass ratios [1]. In 2014 we reported a measurement of this mass ratio with a relative uncertainty of 6.3 · 10−11 [2], which was limited by systematic effects. Since then we upgraded the experiment, including the ion source, the vacuum system, and the amplifier for the detection of the induced image current. Due to the improved ion storage times we were able to characterize the amplitude dependent systematic shifts [3] and reach a significantly lower uncertainty that approaches the uncertainty of the literature value. [1] R. S. Van Dyck Jr. et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. (2006) 251:231–242 [2] S. Streubel et al., Appl. Phys. B (2014) 114: 137–145 [3] J. Ketter et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. (2014) 358: 1–16

Speaker: Tom Segal (Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany)

16 Investigating CP-violating exotic interactions using a neutron bottle

Low energetic neutrons are stored inside the apparatus searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Precisely comparing the Larmor precession frequency of the neutrons spins to that of cohabiting 199Hg atoms spins, allows to investigate possible exotic short range spin-dependent interactions. Such an interaction could be mediated by axions or axion-like particles and its strength is proportional to the CP-violating product of scalar and pseudoscalar coupling constants gSgP. Our measurement result confirms limits on gSgP from complementary experiments with spin-polarized nuclei in a model-independent way. Limits from other neutron experiments are improved by up to two orders of magnitude in the interaction range of 10^-6 m < lambda < 10^-4 m.

Speaker: Dr Beatrice Franke (ax-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching)

17 Theory of Lamb Shift in Muonic Hydrogen

There has been for a while a large discrepancy between the values of the proton charge radius measured by the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen and by other methods. It has already been clear that theory of muonic hydrogen is reliable at the level of this discrepancy and an error there cannot be a reason for the contradiction. Still the status of theory at the level of the uncertainty of the muonic-hydrogen experiment (which is two orders of magnitude below the discrepancy level) requires an additional clarification. We revisit theory of the 2p − 2s Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen. We summarize all the theoretical contributions in order α^5 m, including pure quantum electrodynamics (QED) ones as well as those which involve the proton-structure effects. Certain enhanced higher-order effects are also discussed. We basically confirm former QED calculations of other authors, present a review of recent calculations of the proton-structure effects, and treat self-consistently higher-order proton-finite-size corrections. Eventually, we derive a value of the root-mean-square proton charge radius. It is found to be 0.84029(55) fm, which is slightly different from that previously published in the literature (0.84087(39) fm [Antognini et al., Science 339, 417 (2013)]).

Speaker: Prof. Savely G. Karshenboim (Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany and Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg 196140, Russia)

Dark Matter,

Convener: Zsolt Fülöp (MTA Atomki, Debrecen, Hungary)

18 Search for dark matter at SNOLAB

Speaker: Tony Noble (Queen's University)

4.1_FFK Budapest Noble 2015.pptx

19 Direct detection of Dark Matter particles

The present status of direct detection of Dark Matter (DM) particles will be summarized, with particular care to the DAMA model-independent DM annual modulation results. Arguments on comparisons will be addressed showing that there is large room for compatibility between the various published experimental results, considering both the different adopted procedures and techniques, the different experimental observables, the different exposures, the existing experimental and theoretical uncertainties and the widely open scenarios for astrophysical, particle and nuclear Physics aspects. Recent results on diurnal investigation will also be mentioned. Realistic experimental perspectives will be, finally, addressed with attention to some particular cases.

Speaker: Prof. Rita Bernabei (Universita' and INFN Roma Tor Vergata)

4.2_bernabei_ffk-2015_web.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

Fundamental Constants

Convener: Claudio Lenz Cesar (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)

20 Recent progress in determination of fundamental constants

I will present results of the recent evaluation of the fundamental constants by CODATA. I will in particular discuss the general structure of the data as well as progress in the determination of the most important constants, such as the Rydberg constant, the proton charge radius, the electron-to-proton mass ratio, the fine structure constant, the Planck and Avogadro constant, the elementary charge.

Speaker: Prof. Savely Karshenboim (MPQ and Pulkovo Observatory)

5.1_progress2015short.ppt

21 The New System Of Units Based On Fundamental Physical Constants. The Next Approach

The possibility or even necessity of revising definitions of some of the base units of the present SI has been discussed over the past 25 years. Taking advantage of recent achievements of physical science it is possible to construct quantum standards of units which use fundamental physical constants or atomic constants. The last 25th General Conference of Weights and Measures (2014) expressed their intention to accept the new system of units in next future. In the system of units four basic units will be new defined: the kilogram (on a base of the Planck constant, h), the ampere (by the elementary charge, e), the kelvin (by the Boltzmann constant, kB), and the mole (by the Avogadro constant, NA). The values of this four fundamental physical constants (h, e, kB and NA) will be fixed as known exactly. The new SI system will be proposed if new definitions will be ready for all four base units. The new definition of the kilogram, based on the Planck constant, h, is crucial. Therefore, in 2010 the Consultative Committee for Mass set out three requirements (confirmed in February 2013), concerning uncertainty in determination of h, which should be fulfilled before the ICPM will to an official proposal to the CGPM conference. Requirements on determination of the Planck constant, h: - At least three independent results (watt balance and XRCD) with relative uncertainty ur < 5 × 10-8. - At least one result with relative uncertainty ur ≤ 2 × 10-8 ; - Results consistent. These requirements are not fulfilled up today. The next chance to accept the new system of units will be in 2018, at 26th CGPM conference.

Speaker: Dr Waldemar Nawrocki (Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland)

5.2_Nawrocki Budapest 2015.ppt

22 The use of precise molecular line spectroscopy in a search for m_e/m_p variations

We report results of precise laboratory spectroscopy for a set of astropysically important species carried out at the Institute of Applied Physics of the RAS over the last years. The investigations are based on Lamb-dip measurements at mm$-$sub-mm wavelengths with the developed sub-Doppler spectrometer. In particular, from a comparison of precise radio astronomical and laboratory frequencies of CH$_3$OH lines we estimate the upper limit on the possible $m_e/m_p$ variation in dark interstellar clouds as $\le1.5\times10^{-8}$.

Speaker: Dr Alexander Lapinov (Institute of Applied Physics of the RAS)

5.3_lapinov.ppt

20:00 Wine tasting

Wednesday 14 October

QED-1

Convener: Wim Ubachs (VU University Amsterdam)

23 Precision Tests of Quantum Electrodynamics with Highly Charged Ions

Precise measurements of magnetic moments and masses with individual particles in Penning traps have opened opportunities for fundamental tests of physical theories. The determination of the magnetic moment of the electron bound in highly charged ions is a sensitive test of the theory of bound-state Quantum Electrodynamics. At the same time, such precision experiments - together with atomic theory - make it possible to determine fundamental constants, like the electron mass, the fine-structure constant, and the proton magnetic moment. Supported by BMBF, DFG, the Helmholtz Association, HGS-HIRE, IMPRS for Quantum Dynamics, and the Max-Planck Society.

Speaker: Prof. Wolfgang Quint (GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; University of Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut)

1.1_20151014_Budapest_Quint.ppt

24 Two-Photon Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy oft the 1s3s Transition in Hydrogen with an Absolute Accuracy of 17kHz.

High precision spectroscopy has been always the driving force for new fundamental theories in physics. The so called proton size problem is a so far unexplained disagreement of the value of the proton charge radius extracted from the muonic spectroscopy, hydrogen spectroscopy and elastic electron-proton scattering by more than 5 sigma \cite{Antognini2013}. Our experiment is highly suitable to verify or falsify the true existence of this problem since it is based on a completely different spectroscopy method than previously performed hydrogen spectroscopy experiments. \newline In our experiment we were able recently to give a preliminary value of the 1s3s two-photon transition frequency with an accuracy of 17kHz for the first time with the Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy (DFCS) \cite{Baklanov1977}. This measurement was  limited by an so far unobserved effect, which occurs in DFCS with chirped pulses and atomic beams. It can be understood as Chirp-Induced First Order Residual Doppler Shift (FORDS) and it is an important effect for future XUV and VUV DFCS experiments. \newline In our setup we produce a frequency comb at 205 nm (2ps) by two subsequent frequency doubling cavities from a Ti:Sa mode-locked laser at 820 nm \cite{Peters2013}. The atomic beam of hydrogen atoms is excited in an enhancement cavity and photons from 3s2p transition are collected and detected.

Speaker: Alexey Grinin (MPQ Garching)

1.2_FORDS_AlexeyGrinin_Budapest_Okt2015.pptx

10:30 Coffee break

QED-2

Convener: Wolfgang Quint

25 Bound-state QED calculations and the hydrogen molecular ion spectroscopy

In our presentation we would like to discuss calculating of the largest contributions to the ro-vibrational energies at $m\alpha^8$ order for the hydrogen molecular ions H$_2^+$ and HD$^+$ (HMI). We expect to provide new data, which enable to achieve a relative precision of $10^{-11}$ and even better for the fundamental transitions in HMI. Along with experimental results that should have a strong impact on determination of the Rydberg constant, proton-to-electron mass ratio, and proton charge radius.

Speaker: Vladimir Korobov (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR))

2.1_Korobov_Precision_spectroscopy.pdf

26 Quantum electromagnetic nonlinearity affecting charges and dipole moments

Owing to the virtual electron-positron pair creation, quantum electrodynamics (QED) may be effectively treated as a nonlinear classical theory of electromagnetic fields. The corresponding mutual and self- interaction of electromagnetic fields is important where these are as strong as magnetic fields of magnetars, electric fields of quark stars, and fields in close vicinity of elementary particles generated by their charges and/or electric and magnetic dipole moments. We claim that the electromagnetic self-coupling of the dipole moments makes it necessary to subject their values to a sort of renormalization after being calculated following one or another method of strong interaction theory, say QCD or lattice approach. This correction is estimated to be at the brink of the present-day experimental possibilities. We also report on two magneto-electric effects of nonlinearity. The first is that the nonlinear response of the vacuum with a strong constant magnetic field in it to an applied Coulomb field of an electric monopole turns it into magnetic dipole in QED and into magnetic monopole in a theory with violated parity, the Coulomb field itself certainly undergoing a correction, too. The second is that if there are two, mutually non-orthogonal, strong constant fields in the vacuum, electric and magnetic, then already in QED an electric charge produces magnetic monopole field. We also state that a point electric charge possesses a finite electrostatic self-energy due to the self-interaction, if its field is treated within classical electrodynamics nonlinearly extrapolated to its close neighborhood via quantum QED corrections.

Speaker: Prof. Anatoly Shabad (P.N. Lebedev Phys. Inst., Tomsk State Univ.)

2.2_October14, Budapest.pdf

27 Recoil correction to the proton finite-size contribution to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen

The Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen was measured some time ago to a high accuracy. The theoretical prediction of this value is very sensitive to the proton finite-size effects. The proton radius extracted from muonic hydrogen is in contradiction with the results extracted from elastic electron-proton scattering. That creates a certain problem for the interpretation of the results from the muonic hydrogen Lamb shift. For the latter we need also to take into account the two-photon-exchange contribution with the proton finite size involved. The only way to describe it relies on the data from the scattering, which may produce an internal inconsistency of theory. Recently the leading proton-finite-size contribution to the two-photon exchange was found within the external field approximation. The recoil part of the two-photon-exchange has not been considered. We revisit calculation of the external-field part and take the recoil correction to the finite-size effects into account.

Speaker: Dr Evgeny Yu. Korzinin (D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology, St. Petersburg 190005, Russia)

2.3_FFK2015-n.pdf

13:00 Lunch

Particle Properties - 1

Convener: Guy Ron (Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

28 BASE - High Precision Comparisons of the Fundamental Properties of Protons and Antiprotons

The Standard Model of particle physics – the theory that best describes particles and their fundamental interactions – is known to be incomplete, inspiring various searches for “new physics” that goes beyond the model. These include tests that compare the basic characteristics of matter particles with those of their antimatter counterparts. While matter and antimatter particles can differ, for example, in the way they decay (a difference often referred to as violation of CP symmetry), other fundamental properties, such as the absolute value of their electric charges and masses, are predicted to be exactly equal. Any difference – however small — between the properties of protons and antiprotons would break a fundamental law known as CPT symmetry. This symmetry reflects well-established properties of space and time and of quantum mechanics, so such a difference would constitute a dramatic challenge not only to the Standard Model, but also to the basic theoretical framework of particle physics. The goal of the BASE collaboration is to perform such tests comparing the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons at lowest energies and with greatest precision, by using single particles in Penning traps. By applying such techniques, we recently performed a high-precision comparison of the antiproton-to-proton charge-to-mass ratio with a fractional precision of 69 parts in a trillion. The measurement was inspired by methods developed by the TRAP collaboration, which compared cyclotron frequencies of antiprotons and negatively charged hydrogen ions. Another goal of the BASE collaboration is the high-precision comparison of the magnetic moments of the proton and the antiproton. In this context we applied the double Penning trap technique to the proton and performed the to-date most precise and first direct high precision measurement of the particles magnetic moment. In a next step this method will be applied to the antiproton. In the talk I will give a summary on recent BASE results and give an outlook towards the future goals of BASE.

Speaker: Stefan Ulmer (Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research (JP))

2015_Ulmer_FFK_Free.pdf

29 The search for an electric dipole moment of the neutron at PSI

Searches for electric dipole moments (EDM) of fundamental particles are considered to be one of the most sensitive approaches to physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. A non-SM mechanism that violates the combined symmetry of charge conjugation and parity inversion (CP-violation) could help to explain the huge discrepancy between the observed and predicted baryon asymmetry of the Universe. The discovery of an EDM of the neutron (nEDM) would indicate a violation of time reversal symmetry (T) and, assuming CPT invariance, CP-violation. No nEDM has yet been observed, while the current best upper limit $d_\mathrm{n} <2.9\times 10^{-26}$ ecm (90% C.L.) [Baker et al. PRL(2006)131801] was published in 2006. At the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen, Switzerland a measurement of the nEDM is presently running with the highest daily sensitivity ever obtained. In this talk I will discuss the principal experimental techniques, recent advances in sensitivity, and plans for future upgrades.

Speaker: Jochen Krempel (ETHZ - ETH Zurich)

3.2_FFK-2015-JKrempel-nEDM-PSI.pptx

16:00 Coffee break

Particle Properties - 2

Convener: Jean-Philippe Karr (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel)

30 The Proton Radius - Current Measurements and New Ideas

The radius of the proton, generally assumed to be a well measured and understood quantity has recently come under scrutiny due to highly precise, yet conflicting, experimental results. These new results have generated a host of interpretations, none of which are completely satisfactory. I will discuss the existing results, focusing on the discrepancy between the various extractions. I will briefly discuss some theoretical attempts at resolution and focus on new scattering measurements, both planned and already underway, that are attempting to resolve the puzzle.

Speaker: Guy Ron (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel)

4.1_Proton Radius - FFK.pdf

31 New results in Higgs physics at the LHC

New results on the SM Higgs boson property measurements and searches for additional scalar bosons with the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC will be presented. The prospects for future Higgs studies will also be summarised.

Speaker: Gabriella Pasztor (Eotvos University, Budapest)

FFK2015_LHCHiggs_v2.pdf

Thursday 15 October

Precise Measurements

Convener: Péter Dombi (Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary)

32 Hydrogen molecule and fundamental interactions

Speaker: Krzysztof Pachucki

Pachucki_FFK.pdf

33 Pion Form Factor Measurement at BESIII via ISR

Speaker: Dr Yaqian WANG (Mainz University)

wang_ffk.pdf

34 The exclusive decays J/psi to D_s*- l+ nu_l in a covariant constituent quark model with infrared confinement

We investigate the exclusive semileptonic decays $J/\psi \to D_{(s)}^{(*)-} {\ell}^+ \nu_{\ell}$\,, where $\ell=e,\mu$, within the Standart Model. The relevant transition form factors are calculated in the framework of a relativistic constituent quark model with built-in infrared confinement. Our calculations predict the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to D_{(s)}^{(*)-} {\ell}^+ \nu_{\ell})$ to be of the order of $10^{-10}$ for $D_s^{(*)-}$ and $10^{-11}$ for $D^{(*)-}$. Most of our numerical results are consistent with other theoretical studies. However, some branching fractions are larger than those calculated in QCD sum rules approaches but smaller than those obtained in the covariant light-front quark model by a factor of about $2 - 3$.

Speaker: Chien-Thang Tran (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology)

1.3_TranCT-FFK-2015.pdf

10:35 Coffee break

Theory

Convener: Krzysztof Pachucki (University of Warsaw)

35 Newton force with a delay: 5th digit of G

I have recently proposed a slight non-relativistic modification of the Newton law of universal gravitation [1,2]. Accordingly, the 1/r Newton field is following the motion of the source with a certain
 laziness characterized by the delay time τ_G. The background motivation came from quantum foundational
 speculations [3,4] yielding an estimate τ_G ∼ 1ms. Surprisingly, in the simplest model of lazy Newton force, a 1ms delay predicts significant effect on the notorious 5th digit of the Newton constant G determined in a Cavendish experiment despite its poor time-resolution. 

In 2014, Yang, Miao and Chen advocated independently the concept of finite emergence 
time of gravity [5], along with a cautious analysis of cosmologic, celestial and laboratory 
evidences, suggesting stringent upper bounds on τ_G at low frequency cosmological
 phenomena and weaker upper bounds from laboratory experiments at higher frequencies, mentioning my 1ms in the middle. I'll briefly discuss their work. [1] L. Diósi, Phys. Lett. A377, 1782 (2013) [2] L. Diósi, EPJ Web of Conf. 78, 02001 (2014) [3] L. Diósi, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 504, 012020 (2014) [4] L. Diósi, Found. Phys. 44, 483 (2014) [5] H. Yang, H. Miao and Y. Chen: Towards a measurement of the space-time dissipation, E-print arXiv:1504.02545

Speaker: Prof. Lajos Diósi (Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary)

2.1_budapest2015.pdf

36 Theory of the bound-electron g-factor

Quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in strong fields can be scrutinized to high precision in Penning trap experiments: a recent measurement yielded a value for the $g$-factor of hydrogenlike silicon with a $5 \times 10^{-10}$ fractional uncertainty, allowing to test certain higher-order QED corrections for the first time [1]. The measured $g$-factor is in excellent agreement with the state-of-the-art theoretical value, which includes QED contributions up to the two-loop level of the order of $(Z\alpha)^2$ and $(Z\alpha)^4$. At the above experimental accuracy, also nuclear structural effects start to be visible. We determined the nuclear root-mean-square radius of ${}^{28}$Si from the comparison of experimental and theoretical $g$-factors and found agreement to tabulated values within our limits of error [1]. As a further nuclear contribution, we investigated the influence of nuclear deformation, and found the leading correction to become significant for mid-$Z$ ions and for very heavy elements to even reach the 10${}^{-6}$ level [2]. Furthermore, we present theoretical results of a recent determination of the electron mass via measurement of the Larmor and cyclotron frequencies in a ${}^{12}$C${}^{5+}$ ion confined in a Penning trap [3]. The electron mass was determined with a relative uncertainty more than an order of magnitude better than the established literature value by means of comparison of the theoretical prediction for $g \left( {}^{12}{\mathrm C}^{5+} \right)$ and the experimental frequencies. In order to reduce the uncertainty on the theory's side, the unknown two-loop higher-order correction to $g \left( {}^{12}{\mathrm C}^{5+} \right)$ was estimated. The electron mass is closely linked to other fundamental constants, such as the Rydberg constant $R_{\infty}$ and the fine-structure constant $\alpha$. Thus the current improvement of its value paves the way for future fundamental physics experiments and further precision tests of the Standard Model. [1] S. Sturm, A. Wagner, B. Schabinger, J. Zatorski, Z. Harman, W. Quint, G. Werth, C. H. Keitel, K. Blaum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 023002 (2011). [2] J. Zatorski, N. Oreshkina, C. H. Keitel, Z. Harman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 063005 (2012). [3] S. Sturm, F. Köhler, J. Zatorski, A. Wagner, Z. Harman, G. Werth, W. Quint, C. H. Keitel, K. Blaum, Nature 506, 467 (2014).

Speaker: Dr Zoltán Harman (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany)

2.2_Harman-FFK2015-talk.pdf

37 Spin-statistic selection rules for multiphoton transitions in atomic systems

We establish the existence of spin-statistic selection rules (SSSRs) for multiphoton transitions with equal photons in atomic systems. These selection rules are similar to those for systems of many equivalent electrons in atomic theory. The latter are a direct consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle. In this sense, the SSSRs play the role of the exclusion principle for photons: they forbid some particular states for the photon systems. We established several SSSRs for few-photon systems. (i) First rule: two equivalent photons involved in any atomic transition can have only even values of the total angular momentum, J. This selection rule is an extension of the Landau-Yang theorem to the photons involved in atomic transitions. (ii) Second rule: three equivalent dipole photons involved in any atomic transition can have only odd values of the total angular momentum, J=1,3. (iii) Third rule: four equivalent dipole photons involved in any atomic transition can have only even values of the total angular momentum, J=0,2,4. We also suggest a method for a possible experimental test of these SSSRs by means of laser experiments with Helium.

Speaker: Mr Timur Zalialiutdinov (St.-Petersburg State University)

2.3_PNPI_LNL.pdf

38 Ionization of atoms by positron and positronium impact

Understanding the ionization process during atomic collisions is fundamental both from the experimental and theoretical points of view. Ionization by positron impact has also been extensively studied in recent decades. In most cases noble gas atoms were used as the target For designing new experiments, such as production of antimatter, ionization cross sections for any other atoms are also necessary. Recently, improvements in experimental techniques have enabled the determination of inner shell ionization cross sections by positron impact. During the last two decades more and more studies also became available for positronium impact. In the present work, K-shell ionization cross sections by positron impact have been calculated for Cu in the binary-encounter approximation by the use of velocity distribution of the target electron from the nonrelativistic and relativistic hydrogenic models [1]. The results are compared with the values obtained with velocity distribution in the free-fall model. The effect of choice of atomic models on the ionization cross sections is discussed. We found that the present results are in agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical values. Moreover, we also investigated the interaction between positronium and a helium atom using the 5-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo method [2]. We present the total cross sections for the dominant channels, namely for single ionization of the target, and ionization of the projectile, resulting from pure ionization and also from electron transfer (capture or loss) processes for 1–5.7 a.u. incident velocities of the positronium atom. Our results are compared with the calculated data using hydrogen projectiles having the same velocities as well as with the experimental data in collisions between H and He [3]. We analyze the similarities and deviations for ionization of helium atoms by positronium and hydrogen projectile impact. This work was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund OTKA Nos. NN 103279, K103917 and by the COST Action CM1204 (XLIC). [1] T. Mukoyama, K. Tőkési, and Y. Nagashima, The European Physical Journal D (2014) 68: 64. [2] K. Tőkési, R. D. DuBois, and T. Mukoyama, The European Physical Journal D (2014) 68: 255. [3] R.D. DuBois, Á. Kövér, Phys. Rev. A40 (1989) 3605.

Speaker: Károly Tökési (MTA ATOMKI)

2.4_tokesi-FFK-Budapest-2015-October15.ppt

fermi_mov1_c.avi

13:00 Lunch

Astrophysics, Cosmology

Convener: Dr Alexander Lapinov (Institute of Applied Physics of the RAS)

39 Nuclear astrophysics experiments underground

Cosmic ray induced background can seriously limit the determination of nuclear reaction cross sections at low collision energies relevant to astrophysical processes. Underground sites, however, can drastically reduce the cosmic ray background, opening the way towards ultra low cross section determination. Based on the experience of LUNA (Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics) located at the LNGS underground facility in Italy a summary of the technology applied is given, recent results are discussed and future plans are summarized. See the web pages *www.lngs.infn.it*; *luna.lngs.infn.it*.

Speaker: Prof. Zsolt Fülöp (Institute of Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary)

3.1_fulop_luna.ppt

40 Cosmology with Planck: a checkpoint on the health of the ΛCDM model

I will discuss highlights from the recent Planck 2015 release and present the most stringent bounds to date on a widely accepted cosmological picture, including the latest results from the joint Planck/Bicep effort on the quest for primordial gravitational waves. The ΛCDM model withstood a wide collection of tests at increasing precision over the last decade and has, with the latest Planck results, surely gained further strength. At the same time, we still see small quirks in the data that may or not hint to new physics.

Speaker: Paolo Natoli (University of Ferrara)

3.2_PlanckCosmology_FFK_15Oct2015.pptx

16:00 Coffee break

19:00 Conference Dinner

41 Photos and videos from the conference dinner taken by Zoltan Harman and Waldemar Nawrocki

IMG_0924.JPG

IMG_0926.JPG

IMG_0930.JPG

IMG_0932.JPG

IMG_0935.JPG

Video clips from Zoltan Harman

Friday 16 October

Atomic systems

Convener: Dezso Horvath (Wigner RCP, Budapest (HU))

42 Nuclear structure from light muonic atoms

Muonic atoms have an increased sensitivity on finite size effects of the nucleus due to the ~200-fold mass of the muon compared to the electron. The CREMA collaboration has measured the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen and muonic deuterium atoms, as well as in muonic helium-4 and helium-3 ions. These measurements allow to determine charge radii and other nuclear properties with improved precision compared to previously conducted measurements. Contributions to solving the proton radius puzzle as well as the discrepancy in electronic isotope-shift measurements from the collected data will be discussed. A status update of CREMA's ongoing data analysis towards charge radius extractions of the deuteron, helion, and the alpha particle will be given. Current analysis-related topics such as theory issues and possible systematics will be shown, together with an outlook for possible future measurements using bound muonic systems.

Speaker: Dr Beatrice Franke (Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching)

1.1_bf_FFK2015.pdf

43 Nuclear polarizability effects in muonic deuterium

The nuclear charge radius can be determined from spectroscopic measurements in muonic atoms, provided the atomic structure is well known and the influence of nuclear excitation on atomic levels is properly accounted for. The latter is problematic due to the difficulty in solving quantum chromodynamics in low energy scale. We perform calculations in perturbative approach by the expansion in ratio of the nuclear excitation energy over the muon mass. We pay special attention on the nuclear mass dependence and separation of the so-called pure recoil corrections. We aimed to calculate the nuclear effects as accurately as possible, in order to extract precise nuclear charge radii from the muonic atom spectroscopy. Numerical results for muonic deuterium is obtained by using the AV18 potential with the help of a discrete variable representation method for solving the Schroedinger equation. The obtained result for the 2P-2S transition serves for determination of the nuclear charge radius from the spectroscopic measurement in muonic deuterium.

Speaker: Albert Wienczek (University of Warsaw)

1.2_talk3.pdf

44 FAMU experiment: characterization of target and detectors and measurements of muonic transfer rate from hydrogen to heavier gases

The precise measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the muonic-hydrogen atom ground state requires advanced technology both in the construction of a gas target and of the detectors. In June 2014, the FAMU pressurized gas target was exposed to the low energy muon beam at the RIKEN RAL muon facility. The objectives of the test were to characterize both the target and the X-ray detectors and to measure the transfer rate of muons from hydrogen to heavier gases. The detection system consisted in detectors made with high purity Germanium and Lanthanum Bromide crystals. Preliminary results of the measurement of the transfer rate from hydrogen to oxygen and argon will be presented.

Speaker: Dr Emiliano Mocchiutti (INFN Trieste)

Mocchiutti_FFK-2015-web.pdf

45 The GBAR antimatter gravity experiment

Speaker: Jean-Philippe Karr (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel)

1.4_FFK2015_Karr_GBAR.pdf

11:30 Coffee break