International Workshop on Breakdown Science and High Gradient Technology (HG2018)

4 Jun 2018, 08:00 → 8 Jun 2018, 18:00 Asia/Shanghai

Zhentang Zhao, Wencheng Fang (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics), Walter Wuensch (CERN)

The eleventh international workshop on high gradient acceleration, HG2018, will be hosted by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SINAP) on June 4-8, 2018.

The high gradient accelerating technologies, especially for the X-band accelerating technologies, are shared and discussed on the HG workshops in the past, promoting the development of practical accelerator. The workshops are also dedicated to broad the related fields, such as applications, material science, spectrum technologies.

HG2018 will continue sharing the latest advancements in low breakdown rate accelerators, high power RF sources, new design and fabrication technologies, applications to medical and industrial technologies, and etc.

HG2018 will follow the format of preceding workshops, divided into oral presentations, discussions and poster sessions.

We look forward to seeing you in the summer.

 

International Organizing Committee
Walter Wuensch (CERN)
Toshiyasu Higo (KEK)
Gerardo D’Auria (Elettra)
Wei Gai (ANL)
Jiaru Shi (Tsinghua University)
Valery Dolgashev (SLAC)
Angeles Faus-Golfe (LAL)
Wencheng Fang (SINAP)

Local Organizing Committee
Wencheng Fang
Qiang Gu
Zhengchi Hou
Wenpeng Qi
Jianhao Tan
Xiaoxia Huang

HG2018_photograph.jpg

HG2018 poster.jpg

Notice.pdf

Monday, 4 June

13:00 → 18:00 Registration of HG2018

Mercure Hotel
1500 Keyuan Road, Pudong Shanghai, China

18:00 → 21:00 Reception

Mercure Hotel
1500 Keyuan Road, Pudong Shanghai, China

Tuesday, 5 June

08:35 → 10:40 Facility Updating

Lecture Hall

Convener: Dr Walter Wuensch (CERN)

09:00 Welcome and Meeting notice

Welcome and Meeting notice

Speaker: Prof. Zhentang Zhao (SINAP)

09:25 High gradient activities at Nextef and around

We have been tested many CLIC prototype TW structures in Nextef-A.
We will review recent ones, TD24R05 and TD26CC-K1.
Also we have started the single-cell SW tests in Nextef-B.
We briefly discuss what we have done and what is being done.
In both test stands, we will discuss what we will chase in near future.

Speaker: Toshiyasu Higo (KEK)

180605_Higo_HG2018 High gradient activities at KEK v2.pdf

180605_Higo_HG2018 High gradient activities at KEK v2.pptx

09:50 The CLIC high-gradient fabrication and testing program

Much has been learned in the past decade regarding high gradient RF structures, in particular, thanks to the operation of the European X-band test facilities at CERN. The CLIC study needs to present to the European Strategy Group a case for a 380 GeV machine upgradable to higher energies and with a final aim of 3TeV centre of mass collisions. This case needs to address, design, manufacturability, commissioning and operation of the RF structures. This talk will present the main activity lines foreseen for the fabrication of CLIC prototypes for the next years as well as the testing program integrating both the CERN production as well as structures coming from external collaborations.

Speaker: Nuria Catalan Lasheras (CERN)

HG2018_NCL.pdf

HG2018_NCL.pptx

10:15 Update on the AWA facility and Experimental Results

The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility is transforming into a dual function facility which is continuously working on its main mission of developing the dielectric structure based short pulse Two Beam Acceleration (TBA) technology while providing the full access of flexible multiple beamlines to users. In this talk, we report on the recent dielectric TBA experiments and the new dielectric structure development. We also highlight recent users’ experiments.

Speaker: Chunguang Jing (Euclid Techlabs LLC/Argonne National Laboratory)

AWA-update_HG2018_Tuesday_Jing.pdf

AWA-update_HG2018_Tuesday_Jing.pptx

10:40 → 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 → 12:40 Facility Updating

Lecture Hall

Convener: Prof. Toshiyasu Higo (KEK)

11:00 Progress of x-band high power test platform at SINAP

The X-band high power test platform at SINAP have been proposed several years, now the key equipment such as klystron will delivered to Jiading campus soon, and then the installment will start.
The high power test platform has great help for development of x-band high gradient technology at SINAP. Lots of RF activities on x-band have begun in recent years, and some results will introduced in this presentation.

Speaker: Jianhao Tan (SINAP)

Status of X-band test facility at_SINAP_tan.pdf

Status of X-band test facility at_SINAP_tan.pptx

11:25 Development of Tsinghua X-Band High Power Test Facility

An X-band high power test facility at a frequency of 11.424 GHz is under constructing in Tsinghua University. The system consists of a CPI klystron with maximum output power up to 50 MW and a ScandiNova solid-state pulse modulator which provides the pulsed high voltage with the maximum flat top of 1.5 μs. Ion pumps keep super high vacuum of the inside of the klystron and the high power waveguides. RF breakdown interlock system has installed to protect the RF window on the klystron and the RF system. A pulse compressor is under development and it is expected to boost the power up to about 250 MW at 200ns pulse width. Recent commissioning results and plans for testing high-gradient structures will be presented.

Speaker: Maomao Peng (Tsinghua University)

Tsinghua-X-band_Maomao.pdf

Tsinghua-X-band_Maomao.pptx

11:50 XBOX Operation and performance

There are 3 X-band test stands at CERN dedicated to the high gradient testing of prototype accelerating structures and RF components. This speech will cover the operational challenges, the upgrades in the algorithms for conditioning and the status of the stands during the last year.

Speaker: Veronica Del Pozo Romano (CERN)

HG18_VdPR.pdf

12:15 Commissioning of the V-box Laboratory at IFIC

An S-band High-Gradient (HG) Radio Frequency (RF) laboratory is under construction and commissioning at IFIC. The purpose of the laboratory is to perform investigations of high-gradient phenomena and to develop normal-conducting RF technology, with special focus on RF systems for hadron-therapy. The layout of the facility is derived from the scheme of the Xbox-3 test facility at CERN [1] and uses medium peak-power (7.5 MW) and high repetition rate (400 Hz) klystrons, whose RF output is combined to drive two testing slots to the required power. The design and construction of the various components of the system started in 2016 and has been completed. The installation and commissioning of the laboratory is progressing, with first results expected before mid-2018. The technical characteristics of the different elements of the system and the commissioning status together with preliminary results are described.

Speaker: Daniel Esperante Pereira (IFIC - University of Valencia, CSIC)

20180604-HG2018-Esperante.pdf

20180604-HG2018-Esperante.pptx

12:40 → 14:00 Lunch

14:00 → 15:40 High gradient technology

Lecture Hall

Convener: Prof. Yinon Ashkenazy (Hebrew university of Jerusalem)

14:00 High-Gradient Technology at PSI and Ongoing R&D Cooperations

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Speaker: Dr Jean-Yves Raguin

HG_2018_JYRaguin.pdf

HG_2018_JYRaguin.pptx

14:25 Development of automated RF conditioning on CLARA

The new 400 Hz 120 MV/m photoinjector for CLARA will soon be conditioned. An automated RF conditioning program has been developed to perform the conditioning repeatably and with the minimum possible damage to the cavity. The program has been tested when re-conditioning on the current photoinjector, as well as on the first travelling wave linac. Conditioning method;differences for travelling and standing wave structures; difficulties and interesting phenomena are all discussed.

Speaker: Louise Cowie (Science and Technology Facilities Council)

HG18_Cowie.pdf

HG18_Cowie.pptx

14:50 Update on high-power testing of X-band RF structures at CERN

At the high-gradient X-band test facility at CERN, prototype accelerating structures for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) are tested at high powers of up to 50 MW to achieve accelerating gradients of over 100 MV/m and peak surface electric fields of over 220 MV/m, and are conditioned to reach the highest possible gradient at low breakdown rate. The setup of the test stands will be presented, as well as recent structure results including conditioning histories, breakdown localisation, field emission in the form of Faraday cup signals and radiation, as well as comparisons between different structure designs and conditioning strategies.

Speaker: Mr Jan Paszkiewicz (University of Oxford (GB))

CERN_Xboxes_Jan_Paszkiewicz_HG18.pdf

CERN_Xboxes_Jan_Paszkiewicz_HG18.pptx

15:15 MICROWAVE BASED EXPERIMENT FOR MEASURING FIELD EMISSION, MULTIPACTOR AND BREAKDOWN CURRENTS

In order to further investigate field emission and vacuum arcs which limit the performance of the high gradient accelerating structures. New ways of measuring the properties of the plasma formed due to these processes are being developed. A novel experiment based on a microwave probe is discussed. The HOM damping waveguides of a TD24 CLIC structure are used to insert a low power RF signal, using a transmission band centered around the 17.7 GHz dipole mode. Analyzing this transmission while the high power RF is present in the structure we can see how the plasma formed due to field emission, Multipactor and RF breakdown affects to transmission amplitude and phase, this perturbation can be correlated with the density of electrons, by means of the plasma theory.

Speaker: Mr David Banon Caballero (CERN - University of Valencia (ES))

HG2018 David Banon Caballero 2018-06-04.pdf

HG2018 David Banon Caballero 2018-06-04.pptx

15:40 → 16:00 Coffee break

16:00 → 18:05 Application

Lecture Hall

Convener: Alexej Grudiev (CERN)

16:00 High-gradient and short-pulsed X/S-band Linacs and the application to Medicine, Industrial/Social Infrastructure Inspection and Fukushima Fuel Debris Analysis

Portable 950 keV / 3.95 MeV X-band (9.3GHz) electron linac X-ray sources has been successfully applied to medicine and industrial/social infrastructure inspection. After the serious accident of old-tunnel wall collapse 5 years ago, the Japanese government has forced the bridge holders to perform regular inspection by eyes and hammering once for every 5 years. However, our X-ray sources have found several cases where the inner reinforced steel wires were corrupted or thinned or cut even the near surface looked healthy. Not enough filling of grout to tubes of PC (Pre-stressed Concrete) bridges were also detected. The Japanese government is going to form a new technical guideline for safer maintenance using our X-ray sources. As for the industrial infrastructure inspection, we have visualized the dynamic images of the surfaces of liquid and fluid in a chemical reaction chamber and tube, and melted steel in a converter furnace. It can contribute to not only monitoring maintenance but also upgrade of production yields. 3.95 MeV X-band linac neutron source is going to be governmentally approved to be a radiation source after checking the possibility of moister inspection in bridge and short-length TOF (Time of Flight) measurement of neutron resonance absorption. We are verifying dual energy X-ray CT and neutron resonance absorption for on-site U/Pu quantitative evaluation for melted fuel debris in Fukushima.
35 MeV 25 kW S-band (2.856GHz) electron linac -ray source and 99Mo/99mTc supply system is under detailed design. 10 and 100 systems may be able to meet the medical demands in Japan and world, respectively. We are joining the IAEA international collaborating benchmark task on medical RI production and use beyond fission and cyclotron. This type of linac can be used for a short-pulsed neutron source and a variety of new neutron applications at the Yayoi research reactor room of University of Tokyo after its decommission is completed in a couple of years. 35/18 MeV electron linac facility of University of Tokyo for open uses on radiation chemistry/physics has 40 years anniversary. As you see, “35”MeV is a magic number for S-band electron linac, which would be optimum for scientific uses and neutron/-ray sources. There are such tens 35 MeV linacs in the world. If we can apply high gradient technologies, it can consist of one accelerating structure and one klystron with a RF pulse compressor. Hence, the high gradient technologies can contribute to their downsizing and renewal. This could be one of the important issues in our society.

Speaker: Mitsuru Uesaka (Nuclear Professional School, University of Tokyo)

High gradient and short-pulsed X.S-band Linacs Uesaka 18.6.5.pdf

High gradient and short-pulsed X.S-band Linacs Uesaka 18.6.5.pptx

16:25 High-gradient structures for medical applications

A number of initiatives to use linacs for proton therapy are underway and high-gradient technology may play an important role in making such linacs competitive with existing ring-based facilities. Collaborations between CLIC and both the Cockcroft Institute and the TERA foundation have designed high-gradient RF cavities for applications in hadron therapy. CLIC have established a field limiting quantity used in RF design of cavities, which is used alongside optimised manufacturing procedures to achieve the optimum high-gradient operation. The techniques have been applied to both the 'ProBE' 3 GHz side-coupled cavity and the 'KT' 3 GHz backwards travelling wave structure (bTWS) both presented in this talk. The bTWS has been high power tested in the 'S-Box' high-gradient test facility in CTF2 since 2016 and preliminary results are presented alongside future plans to test the ProBE cavity.

Speaker: Ms Samantha Louise Pitman (CERN)

HG18_medical.pdf

16:50 R&D of Travelling Wave Accelerating structures at IHEP

In Recent years, travelling wave accelerating structures have been studied at IHEP. This report includes the study of R&D of S-band, C-band and X-band accelerating structures. The S-band structure is developed for the CEPC project. The accelerating gradient goal of this structure is 30MV/m at 1µs. The study of C-band structure is supported by Research and Development Funds of IHEP. Also the X-band structure’s study will be introduced which is supported by Key Laboratory funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. For X-band, open structure was chosen to study.

Speaker: Jingru Zhang (IHEP)

HG2018 0605 J.R. zhang.pptx

17:15 Plans for constructing high-gradient S-band cavities using non-brazing method in Iran

Design and construction of S-band linear accelerator in Institute for research in fundamental science (IPM), is one of the successful experiences in design and construction of accelerators in Iran. Since brazing method has not been used for construction of such a system, copper remains hard during manufacturing process and hence this method would be a better candidate for construction of high gradient cavities. In addition, relatively low cost of such method will result in spread of high-gradient technology. Plans for this project consist of radiofrequency and mechanical design of cavities with Shrinking fit, Clamping and Vacuum Brazing method. After cold and hot test of cavities in Iran, high gradient test such as Breakdown Rate will be carried out in SBOX RF test stand at CERN.

Speaker: Seyedabdolmahdi aghayan (KN Toosi University of Technology)

Plans for constructing high-gradient S-band cavities using non-brazing method in Iran3.pdf

Plans for constructing high-gradient S-band cavities using non-brazing method in Iran3.pptx

17:40 PolariX TDS Applications at DESY

A collaboration between DESY, PSI and CERN has been established to develop and build a high-gradient polarizable X-band transverse deflecting structure (PolariX TDS) [1] which offers the possibility to streak in different directions. This PolariX TDS will be included in the DESY beamlines FLASH2, FLASHForward, and SINBAD and offers a variety of applications which will be presented in this talk.
At the free-electron laser (FEL) user facility FLASH2, it is planned to install two PolariX TDS downstream of the FLASH2 undulators. In combination with a dipole magnet this will enable the observation of the longitudinal phase space density of the electron bunches and the reconstruction of the X-ray temporal intensity profile [2].
At the plasma-wakefield acceleration experiment FLASHForward, it is intended to use one PolariX TDS downstream of the plasma cell. Beams driving as well as beams being driven by a plasma wakefield will be characterized and their capabilities to drive an FEL will be assessed [3].
The Accelerator Research Experiment at SINBAD (ARES) is dedicated to accelerator research and development, most notably plasma wakefield acceleration and dielectric accelerating structures. The ARES linac, where electron bunches with low charge (sub-pC) will be accelerated, will include two PolariX TDS to measure the bunch length, characterize the longitudinal phase space [4], and reconstruct the 3D charge distribution [5].
This presentation will give an overview of the different applications of the PolariX TDS at DESY.

[1] P. Craievich et al., Status of the X-Band TDS Project, in Proceedings of IPAC18, Vancouver, BC, Canada, paper THPAL068, 2018
[2] F. Christie et al., Generation of Ultra-Short Electron Bunches and FEL Pulses and Characterization of Their Longitudinal Properties at FLASH2, in Proceedings of IPAC17, Kopenhagen, Denmark, paper WEPAB017, 2017
[3] R. D'Arcy et al., Longitudinal Phase Space Reconstruction at FLASHForward Using a Novel X-band Transverse Deflection Cavity (XTDC), in Proceedings of IPAC18, Vancouver, BC, Canada, paper TUPML017, 2018
[4] D. Marx, et al., Longitudinal phase space reconstruction simulation studies using a novel X-band transverse deflecting structure at the SINBAD facility at DESY, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A, 2018
[5] D. Marx et al., Reconstruction of the 3D Charge Distribution of an Electron Bunch Using a Novel Variable-Polarization Transverse Deflecting Structure (TDS), in Proceedings of IPAC17, Kopenhagen, Denmark, paper MOPAB045, 2017

Speaker: Florian Christie (DESY)

PolariX_TDS_Applications_at_DESY.pdf

PolariX_TDS_Applications_at_DESY.pdf

PolariX_TDS_Applications_at_DESY.pptx

Wednesday, 6 June

09:00 → 10:40 Project

Lecture Hall

Convener: Prof. Zhentang Zhao (SINAP)

09:00 Status of the CompactLight project

CompactLight (XLS) is a three-years project, funded by EU in the context of the Horizon 2020 work Programme 2016-2017, Research Infrastructures, Design Studies. The project aims at designing the next generation of compact hard X-Rays FEL facilities, beyond today's state of the art, using the latest concepts for bright electron photo injectors, very high-gradient X-band structures, operating at 12 GHz, and innovative short-period undulators. The talk gives an overview and status of the project.

Speaker: Gerardo D'Auria (Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste)

20180606_GdA_HG2018.pdf

20180606_GdA_HG2018.ppt

09:25 Status of high gradient X band LINAC design for the EUPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project and XLS accelerating structures design

The linac of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project is based on an S-band Gun, three S-band TW structures and an X-band booster with a bunch compressor. The X-band technology allows reaching a high accelerating gradient and a high facility compactness, which are some of the goals of the projects. The accelerating structures are TW cavities fed by klystrons and pulse compressor systems. In the presentation, after a short introduction to the project, we illustrate the RF design of the X-band linac with a discussion on the preliminary layout of the accelerating module, open points and multi-bunch linac option. The same design criteria have been also adopted for the preliminary design of the accelerating structures of the recently approved “XLS Compact Light” design study. In the second part of the presentation we will address at these preliminary results.

Speaker: David Alesini (INFN-LNF Frascati)

Alesini_HG2018.pdf

Alesini_HG2018.pptx

09:50 3.5 GeV X-band linac for primary electron beam facility at CERN

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Speaker: Alexej Grudiev (CERN)

eSPS_for HG2018_alexej 20180531.pdf

eSPS_for HG2018_alexej 20180531.pptx

10:15 Update on the LIGHT prototype development

The company ADAM (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine), a CERN spin-off, is working on the construction and testing of its first linear accelerator for medical application: LIGHT (Linac for Image-Guided Hadron Therapy). LIGHT is an innovative high frequency proton linac designed to accelerate proton beams up to 230 MeV for protontherapy applications. A prototype of LIGHT is presently under commissioning at CERN. This paper gives an update of the different stages of installation and commissioning of the LIGHT prototype including beam tests results obtained during the past year at different energies.

Speaker: Dr Alberto Degiovanni (ADAM)

2018_06_06_HG18Workshop_AD.pdf

2018_06_06_HG18Workshop_AD.pptx

10:40 → 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 → 12:40 Project

Lecture Hall

Convener: Dr Chunguang Jing (Euclid Techlabs LLC/Argonne National Laboratory)

11:00 High gradient RF activities of projects at SINAP

X-band and C-band high gradient technology, as crucial technology of projects, have been developed for several years. C-band high gradient RF structure reached 50.8MV/m by beam test, and finally has been used for main linac of SXFEL project. Based on mutual system, C-band RF system is extended for many other projects, such as UED and injector of light source. As advanced technique, X-band RF system is also under develop at SINAP, beginning with X-band linearizer in SXFEL, one X-band high power test setup will be built soon, many RF structures will also been ready soon for experiment of high power test, and it will carry out higher accelerating gradient for compact facility, in particular for compact FEL facility. This talk will introduce high gradient RF activities for projects at SINAP, including SXFEL, UED, SLRI and test setup.

Speaker: Wencheng Fang (SINAP)

High_Gradient_activities_SINAP_WC_Fang.pdf

High_Gradient_activities_SINAP_WC_Fang.pptx

11:25 High-gradient X-band structures for Inverse Compton Source at Tsinghua University

Tsinghua Thomson-scattering X-ray facility (TTX) has been successfully operating at beam energy of 50MeV and delivering photons at 25keV for the users. X-band high-gradient accelerating structures are proposed for energy upgrade of the beamline and a future project of compact gamma-ray source to generate ~MeV photons. A constant impedance structure, namely “XC72”, has been designed along with an SLED-I type pulse compressor for the application. This presentation will present the TTX projects and the structure optimization.

Speaker: Hao Zha (Tsinghua University)

HAOZHA_TTX-HG2018.pdf

HAOZHA_TTX-HG2018.pptx

11:50 A High Gradient Solution for Increasing the Energy of the FERMI Linac

FERMI is the seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) user facility at Elettra laboratory in Trieste, operating in the VUV to soft X-rays spectral range. In order to extend the FEL spectral range to shorter wavelengths, a feasibility study for increasing the Linac energy from 1.5 GeV to 1.8 GeV is actually ongoing. The design of new S-band accelerating structures, tailored for high gradient operation, low breakdown rates and low wakefield contribution, is presented. First test results of a short prototype built in collaboration with Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) will also be reported.

Speaker: Claudio Serpico (Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste)

HG2018.pdf

HG2018.ppt

12:15 High Gradient S-band Electron Linac for ThomX

ThomX is a Compton source project in the range of the hard X rays (40/90 keV). The machine is composed of a 50/70 MeV injector Linac and a storage ring where an electron bunch collides with a laser pulse accumulated in a Fabry-Perot resonator. The final goal is to provide an X-rays average flux of 1011-1013 ph/s. Different users are partners in the ThomX project, especially in the area of medical science and cultural heritage. A demonstrator was funded and is being built on the Orsay university campus. During the commissioning phase, a standard S-band accelerating section is able to achieve around 50 MeV corresponding to around 45 keV X-rays energy. Since the maximum targeted X-ray energy is 90 keV, the Linac section design will provide an electron beam energy of 70 MeV. This requires essentially the development of more reliable high gradient compact S band accelerating section. We present here the design of high gradient compact S-band accelerating section for the upgrade program of the THOMX LINAC.

Speaker: Dr MOHAMED EL KHALDI (LAL/CNRS)

HG2018_elkhaldi.pdf

HG2018_elkhaldi.ppt

12:40 → 14:00 Lunch

14:00 → 15:40 High power test

Lecture Hall

Convener: Prof. Flyura Djurabekova (University of Helsinki)

14:00 High-gradient performance of X-band choke-mode damped accelerating structure

The choke-mode accelerating structure is one of the higher-order-mode (HOM) damping structures. It has the advantage of relatively simple fabrication and low surface magnetic field. The high-gradient performance of X-band choke-mode accelerating structures has been studied with six different single-cell prototypes. It was observed that high electric field and small choke dimension caused serious breakdowns in the choke which was the main limitation of the high-gradient performance. The choke-mode accelerating structures reached 130~MV/m by decreasing the electric field and increasing the choke gap. The absence of field emission current flash was proposed to be the sign of breakdowns occurring inside the choke, this was verified by the post-mortem observation. A new quantity was proposed to give the high-gradient performance limit of choke-mode accelerating structures due to RF breakdown.

Speaker: Jiaru Shi (Tsinghua University)

HGWorkshop2018-choke-performance-Wu-f.pdf

HGWorkshop2018-choke-performance-Wu-f.pptx

14:25 LLRF layout and design for X-band test setup at SINAP

The High power test stand located in Jiading Campus at SINAP had finished conditioning two C band accelerate tube since 2018. We are also builindg our X band LLRF system, which will be put into use this year.
In this presentation, the LLRF system in the test stand will be introduced, which had fufilled the functions like breakdown data monitoring and analyzation, modulator communication and trigger allocation.

Speaker: Chengcheng Xiao (SINAP)

NI based LLRF——20180102.pdf

NI based LLRF——20180102.pptx

14:50 Development of compact RF pulse compressors and pulse modulation experiments

The Accelerator Laboratory of Tsinghua University has been carrying out research on radio frequency (RF) pulse compressors at both S-band and X-band. The S-band high-power test facility mainly consists of two S-band klystrons and a SLED-I type pulse compressor. Pulse modulations including the phase-to-amplitude modulation and high efficiency pulse compression have been demonstrated experimentally. As for the development of pulse compressors, we have successfully designed, fabricated and tested an S-band compact pulse compressor with a single spherical resonant cavity and an RF polarizer. The available RF peak power of 70 MW can be compressed to a peak power of more than 500 MW. An X-band pulse compressor using a high Q0 corrugated circular cavity and an RF polarizer has also been designed and microwave measured.

Speaker: Yuliang Jiang (Tsinghua University)

HG2018_Yuliang_Development of compact RF pulse compressors and pulse modulation experiments_0606.pdf

HG2018_Yuliang_Development of compact RF pulse compressors and pulse modulation experiments_0606.pptx

15:15 The test of RF breakdowns of CPHS RFQ and RFQ RF parameters measurement

This report includes two sections. Section I focuses on RF breakdowns of Compact Pulsed Hadron Source（CPHS）RFQ. The conditioning history curve of CPHS RFQ has been recorded. After the post-processing of experiment data，the normalized curve of the conditioning history turned into a relatively smooth curve, which indicated that the empirical formula proposed by CERN for the high gradient electron accelerating structures maybe expand to RFQs with much lower frequency. Section II focuses on the RFQ RF parameters measurement. According to the reflected waveforms from the directional coupler and the signal from pickup recorded by an oscilloscope, the RFQ RF parameters (QL, f0, beta) can be measured in the high power condition.

Speaker: Wenbo Ye (Tsinghua University)

HG2018_Wenbo Ye.pptx

15:40 → 16:00 Coffee break

16:00 → 18:30 Technology

Lecture Hall

Convener: Dr Nuria Catalan Lasheras (CERN)

16:00 High-gradient system integration

The talk presents different aspects of the integration of high-gradient accelerating structures into modules that either exploit the classical CLIC two-beam acceleration scheme or that rely on klystron amplifiers to produce the beam acceleration.

Speaker: Carlo Rossi (CERN)

HG2018_C_Rossi.pdf

HG2018_C_Rossi.pptx

16:25 Development and Processing of C-band accelerating structure fabrication for SXFEL

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Speaker: Hui Wang (IHEP)

Development and Processing of C band Accerlating Fabrication for SXFEL.pdf

16:50 New directions in structure and component fabrication

This talk will describe the new developments in the structure and components for X-band technologies at CERN. The main issues covered in the talk will be the progress in the manufacturing of the structures made in halves as well as in structures made of rectangular discs. The talk will also include a brief update of possible future designs of other X-band components such as couplers.

Speaker: Kamil Tomasz Szypula (CERN)

New directions in structure and component fabrication HG2018-Kamil Szypula.pdf

New directions in structure and component fabrication HG2018-Kamil Szypula.pptx

17:15 R&D Studies on the S-band Hybrid Bunching-accelerating Structure

Generally, a standard bunching system is composed of a SW pre-buncher, a TW buncher and a standard accelerating structure. In the industrial area, the bunching system is usually simplified by eliminating the PB and integrating the B and the standard structure together to form a β-varied structure. The beam capturing efficiency for this kind of simplified system is often worse than that for the standard one. The HB has been proved to be a successful attempt to reduce the cost but preserve the beam quality as much as possible. Here we propose to exclusively simplify the standard bunching system by integrating the PB, the B and the standard structure together to form a HBaS. Compared to the standard bunching system, the one based on the HBaS is more compact, and the cost is lowered to the largest extent. With almost the same beam transportation efficiency (~70%), the peak-to-peak (p-to-p) beam energy spread and the 1σ emittance of the linac with the HBaS are ~20% and ~60% bigger than those of the linac based on the split system. Based on the beam dynamics study results, a prototype of the HBas is being developed at IHEP, here the progress will also presented.

Speaker: Dr Shilun Pei (IHEP)

20180606_HG2018_Slpei.pdf

20180606_HG2018_Slpei.ppt

17:40 High Power RF Source Activities at IHEP

The high power RF sources system includes high power klystron, modulator, PSM power suppler, and solid state amplifier. There are 2856MHz klystron and modulators at BEPCII Linac, 1.3GHz klystron and max modulator on test platform for superconducting cavities system, 325MW CW klystron and PSM power supply for ADS RFQ system and 325MW solid state amplifiers for ADS SRF system. The 650MHz 150kW solid state amplifier is also successful development for ADS main accelerator. The design progress on CEPC high efficiency klystron is also showed in this paper. This paper describes activities of RF power system and its related technology development at IHEP.

Speaker: Dr Zusheng Zhou (IHEP)

High Power RF Source Activities at IHEP.pdf

18:05 High Efficiency, High Power, Lower Voltage MBK BAC-TCC Technology Covering X/C/S-Band

Future colliders (FCC, ESS, CLIC) and high energy accelerators for scientific, industrial and medical applications require high power, high efficiency sources in wide range of frequencies. Novel bunching technology (BAC) together with transverse coupled cavities technology (TCC) allow to achieve efficiency up to 80% and peak output powers till 10 MW in X/C/S bands with long lifetime and low voltage. The bases of BAC method and TCC technology, types of VDBT MBKs in the range of frequencies 1-12 GHz and modulators for them are examined in details with new design/development in range of 3.5MW RF Peak Power X/C/S MBK’s . RF high power systems with the large number of MBKs are considered. Advantages of MBKs in comparison with magnetrons are given.

Speaker: Mr Daniel Lundberg (NELSON Created AB)

HG2018-DanielLundberg.pdf

Thursday, 7 June

09:00 → 10:40 Breakdown and Experiments

Lecture Hall

Convener: Dr Jiaru Shi (Tsinghua University)

09:00 Linking breakdown nucleation to critical plastic activity in electrode

It has long been assumed that breakdown (BD) in vacuum cavities is initiated by field emission from localized surface irregularities causing localized field enhancement. However, the nature of these localized field enhancement region is unknown as of today, and remains as a missing part on the microscopic description of the BD process. This limits the ability to predict breakdown properties of materials as well as engineer materials which can withstand higher gradient as well as create improved conditioning methods.
The presentation covers recent experimental and theoretical efforts to establish the possibility that breakdown nucleation happens through a critical transition in the dislocation population driven by stresses as a result of the applied field. A stochastic mean field model was developed based on dislocation multiplication due to stresses generated below the exposed surface. Field and temperature dependencies of breakdown rates measured in SLAC and CERN using accelerating structures were used to calibrate and then validate the model. Microscopy work, including SEM and TEM on post mortem samples taken from accelerating structures demonstrate that while breakdown is a violent event involving melting and splashing of the electrode surface, we can identify pre-breakdown sub surface evolution which we propose is related to the described mechanism and may lead to subsequent conditioning. Finally, I will discuss prospects for advancement in mechanism identification using dedicated experiments, some of which are currently underway.

[1] E.Z. Engelberg, Y. Ashkenazy, M. Assaf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 124801, https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.124801

Speaker: Yinon Ashkenazy (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL))

hg_2018_huji_v2.pdf

hg_2018_huji_v2.pptx

09:25 Theoretical understanding of mechanisms triggering vacuum breakdown

Application of electric fields on metal surfaces may be beneficial and detrimental. In our research, we are looking for the changes on the surface, which may lead to vacuum arcing, known to those who are dealing with the high/voltage electronics as electrical breakdowns. These cause problems in many appliances operating in high electric field, such as the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), a proposed next-generation particle accelerator in CERN. The breakdown phenomenon is not well understood despite decades of research devoted to investigation of this phenomenon.
What triggers the surface to break when high electric fields are applied is the focus of the research in our group. Currently we are working on an atom-level theoretical model of surface behavior under high electric fields. The model covers many stages of plasma development and includes different physical processes evolving on different time scales. Our model aims to explain the physical limitation of a metal surface due to electrical breakdowns at the fields well below the critical values known to cause field evaporation of atoms. The core of the model is the atomistic simulations of metal surface features under high electric field, which will be presented during the workshop along with the obtained results.

Speaker: Dr Flyura Djurabekova

09:50 The Argonne Cathode Test-Stand (ACT) and Its first experiment

The Argonne Cathode Test-stand (ACT) is a unique testbed to develop cathodes and to conduct fundamental surface study under ultra-high rf field (up to 700 MV/m with pin-shaped cathodes). The test-stand consists of an L-band 1.3 GHz single-cell photocathode rf gun and a field emission (FE) imaging system to locate emitters with a resolution of ~20 um. In the recent upgrade, UV laser has been introduced to improve the imaging system and to significantly expand the ACT towards photoemission and laser-assisted field emission research. In addition, a load-lock system has been added to the beam line to expedite the cathode switching period. We will present details of the ACT beamline as well as the first commission experiment.

Speaker: Chunguang Jing (Euclid Techlabs LLC/Argonne National Laboratory)

ACT_HG2018_Thursday_Jing.pdf

ACT_HG2018_Thursday_Jing.pptx

10:15 Dark current fluctuation measurements in RF structures

The dynamics of dislocation activity under intense electric fields has been proposed as a potential cause of breakdowns. In this talk, results of searches for high-frequency fluctuations in field-emitted current that could arise as a consequence of these dynamics are presented for high-gradient RF accelerating structures at CERN. Measurements of spatial profiles of field emission in RF structures and long-term variations are also discussed.

Speaker: Mr Jan Paszkiewicz (University of Oxford (GB))

RF_Dark_Current_Fluctuations_Jan_Paszkiewicz.pdf

RF_Dark_Current_Fluctuations_Jan_Paszkiewicz.pptx

10:40 → 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 → 12:40 RF Design

Lecture Hall

Convener: Dr Wencheng Fang (SINAP)

11:00 Research on wakefield suppression of two bunch operation mode in X-band disk-loaded accelerating structure

FEL R&D is being promoted dramatically as a light source technology and gradually develop into compact facility. FEL facility is usually operated with single bunch and has a high beam quality. In order to increase the average current intensity further, two bunch operation mode or multi-bunch operation mode is proposed to be applied to FEL facilities. Wakefield effect of multi-bunch operation mode is a factor resulting in beam instability, so research should be forced on wakefield principle and suppression. The waveguide damped structure is satisfied with the requirements, but it is more complex than disk-loaded structure. In this report, we study the wakefield suppression in disk-loaded structure and obtain preliminary wakefield effect results based on Gaussian detuning principle in disk-loaded structure to verify the realization of two bunch operation mode and several bunches operation mode.

Speaker: Xiaoxia Huang (SINAP)

HG - Xiaoxia Huang - Research on wakefield suppression of two bunch operation mode in X-band disk-loaded accelerating structure.pdf

HG - Xiaoxia Huang - Research on wakefield suppression of two bunch operation mode in X-band disk-loaded accelerating structure.pptx

11:25 A new spherical pulse compressor working with degenerated "Whispering Gallery" mode

CLIC is focusing on the Compact Linear Collider. This work is to make an alternative design for CLIC pulse compression scheme. Using a spherical cavity, the new design can offer a higher Q factor compared with a cylindrical cavity. Besides, the use of degenerated "Whispering Gallery" mode makes the mode launcher much smaller.

Speaker: Zongbin Li (SINAP)

HG - Zongbin Li - A new spherical pulse compressor.pdf

HG - Zongbin Li - A new spherical pulse compressor.pptx

11:50 Design of high gradient LINAC with the new Gasket-Clamping technique and compact low pulsed heating couplers

Recently, a new technique for the realization of high gradient accelerating structures, based on the use of special gaskets has been implemented for the realization of the new SPARC_LAB and ELI-NP RF guns.
They have been successfully tested at high power leading to new perspectives in the realization of high gradient structures. The new technique has been developed at the Laboratories of Frascati of the INFN
(Italy) and make use of special gaskets that simultaneously guarantee vacuum seal and perfect RF contact. The implementation of the gaskets allow avoiding the brazing process, strongly reducing the cost, the realization time and the risk of failure. Moreover, without copper annealing due to the brazing process, it is possible to decrease the breakdown rate increasing the maximum achievable gradient.
The next step is the application of this technique to the fabrication of complex S, C or X- band LINAC structures. In the paper, after a short introduction on the experimental results obtained with the RF guns we illustrate in detail the electromagnetic and mechanical design of a high gradient S-band Linac structure now under fabrication.
In the last part of the talk we will also address at new compact low pulsed heating geometries recently developed for clamped and brazed structures.

Speaker: Fabio Cardelli (INFN-LNF Frascati)

2018-06-07_Cardelli_HG2018.pdf

2018-06-07_Cardelli_HG2018.pptx

12:15 Simulation studies on the dielectric-loaded accelerating structures

A potential alternative to conventional disk-loaded copper structures is dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures, which comprises a simple geometry where a dielectric tube is surrounded by a conducting cylinder. The simplicity of the DLA structure offers a great advantage for RF-driven (> X-band) accelerating structures as compared with conventional metal structures which demand extremely tight fabrication tolerances. The detailed geometry optimizations for DLA structures are presented in this talk. Different commercial software CST and HFSS are used to calculate the RF parameters for both DLA structures and Iris-loaded CLIC accelerating structures and relevant results are shown in comparison. In addition, the wakefield studies on DLA structures are also included in this talk.

Speaker: Dr Yelong Wei (CERN)

slides_for_HG_2018.pdf

slides_for_HG_2018.pptx

12:40 → 14:00 Lunch

14:00 → 16:00 Industry exhibition and Poster

Multifunctional Hall

Convener: Mr Peter Kolda (CPI)

14:00 Hang Ye Vacuum

Speaker: Hang Ye Vacuum

上海夯业1.pdf

上海夯业1.pptx

14:20 Hebei Signal microwave Technology Co., ltd

Speaker: Hebei Signal microwave Technology Co., ltd

Signalmicrowave PPT.pdf

Signalmicrowave PPT.pptx

14:40 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION

Speaker: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION

【FINAL】Mitsubishi Elctric Corporation 20180607.pdf

【FINAL】Mitsubishi Elctric Corporation 20180607.pptx

15:00 Toshiba Electron Tubes & Device Co,Ltd

Speaker: Toshiba Electron Tubes & Device Co,Ltd

Introduction_of_ TETD_rev1.pptx

15:20 NELSON Created AB

Speaker: NELSON Created AB

17:00 → 21:00 Banquet

Friday, 8 June

09:00 → 10:40 Klystron and Power source

Lecture Hall

Convener: Dr Jean-Yves Raguin (PSI)

09:00 High efficiency power source development

A number of Toshiba's Klystrons E37113 with output RF power of 6MW and 44% efficiency are currently in operation in X-box3 at CERN. To increase the efficiency, thus RF power production of existing tube, whilst preserving perveance and modulator itself, the new design of the HE klystron has been done at CERN. This design is based on the COM bunching technology. However, due to the high beam perveance and relatively large beam aperture in existing tube, it appeared to be rather difficult to extract the RF power efficiently, even the bunch quality was considerably improved by the COM method. Coupled cell structures were adopted for the output cavity design to enhance the power extraction efficiency and to preserve reasonable (<80kV/m) level of the maximum surface electric field. The coupled cavities theory was implemented into the CERN's klystron code KlyC to facilitate fast and efficient optimisation of such klystrons. Latest results show that new design of X-band klystron provides efficiency above 60%, that will correspond to 8.3 MW output power expected. This design was verified using CST/3D PIC simulation and the reach of efficiency at a level 60% was confirmed. The design and simulation results of the new 8 MW X-band HE tube are presented.

Speaker: Jinchi Cai (CERN)

HG 2018-High efficiency power source development v2.pptx

09:25 Status of the X-band 50MW klystron at BVERI

In the past 3 years, an experiment diode tube and 2 prototype tubes were manufactured at BVERI. The beam voltage of the diode tube achieves 454kV and the perveance is 0.67 μP. The first prototype is being tested, and the second is prepared to change the electron gun because sometimes its filament is partly short. With the testing of the first prototype, its frequency is mistuned from 11.402GHz to 11.384GHz due to low transmission—96%. while the peak output power achieves 36MW with 420kV beam voltage at 11.384GHz.

Speaker: Kairong Chu (BVERI)

Status_of_the_X-band_50MW_klystron_at_BVERI.pdf

Status_of_the_X-band_50MW_klystron_at_BVERI.pptx

09:50 Power source development activities

An overview of potential consolidation and upgrades of the Xband test facilities at CERN and with collaborators, to increase the testing capability, reliability and expertise on high gradient structures.

Speaker: Gerard Mcmonagle (CERN)

HG2018_GMcM.pdf

HG2018_GMcM.pptx

10:15 High-power gyro-klystrons for acceleration applications

High-power microwave sources play an important role in the applications of the radar system, controlled fusion plasma experiments, as well as particle accelerators. Currently, the conventional klystrons operating at S-, and X-band are the main driver in high-gradient accelerators. Klystrons with MW output power have been developed at CPI, SLAC, Thales, and so on. The most powerful klystron product is able to deliver higher than 50 MW at 11.424 GHz with us pulse length.
The future accelerators require higher acceleration gradient. One of the solutions is to operate the accelerating structures at a higher frequency. However, for conventional klystrons, operating at a higher frequency will significantly reduce the output power, with a factor of 1/f2. Gyro-klystrons not only have the bunching in the axial direction, which is the same as the klystrons. But also bunching at azimuthal direction due to the cyclotron resonance maser instability. It has the advantages of higher power capability as well as operating at higher frequency.
MW gyro-klystrons operating at Ka-and V-band for acceleration applications are currently being developed. It is a joint project between the University of Strathclyde, UK and University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), China.
Two gyro-klystrons will be developed at the first stage. One is operating at 36 GHz for beam acceleration. From the simulation, a max output power of 1.9 MW, efficiency of 44%, gain of 39 dB and 3 dB bandwidth of 700 MHz were obtained. The other one is designed for the Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA), a Free-Electron Laser Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory, UK. It will be used to drive the linearizer to correct the longitudinal phase space non-linearity from the RF acceleration. The operating frequency will be 48 GHz, which is 4th harmonic of the X-band linearizer. The output power of the gyro-klystron is predicted to be 1 MW if it is driven by a 100 kV, 50 A electron beam.
The long-term goal is to develop gyro-klystron at similar operating frequencies but with higher output power to 20 MW.

Speaker: Dr Liang Zhang ((1)Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde; (2)The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, UK.)

HG2018_LiangZhang_GyroKlystron.pdf

HG2018_LiangZhang_GyroKlystron.pptx

10:40 → 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 → 12:50 Klystron and Power source

Lecture Hall

Convener: Dr Gerardo D'Auria (Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste)

11:00 Optimization of Pulse modulator for SXFEL

In this oral report, the design of pulse modulator at SINAP is presented. The stability of RF system is one of the major factors to get great beam performance. It is mainly determined by a low level RF driving system and klystron modulators. The beam voltage of klystron, which is the pulsed voltage of pulse modulator, is directly affecting the amplitude and phase of klystron output RF waveform. This oral report summaries the methods used for improve the performance of modulator at SINAP. These methods mainly includes upgrading of CCPS, trigger system, heater power supply and reducing EMI leakage. To achieve better performance, we design an oil filled modulator which is used for 50MW X-band klystron. An introduction about this modulator design is given at last.

Speaker: Yongfang Liu (SINAP)

Optimization of Pulse modulator for SXFEL_Yongfang LIU.pdf

11:25 R&D of CEPC 650MHz/800kW klystron

In order to save manufacturing and operating cost for the RF power system of CEPC, the 650MHz/800kW high efficiency klystron has been regarded as a priority key technology to be researched and developed. In November 2017, a high efficiency klystron Cooperation group was established by IHEP combined with IECAS and GLVAC. So far the mechanical design of the first porotype klystron has been completed. The presentation will introduce the progress of 650MHz/800kW klystron.

Speaker: Ouzheng Xiao (IHEP)

11:50 High Power Klystrons at CPI

.

Speaker: Peter Kolda (Communications & Power Industries LLC)

20180531 High Power Klystrons HG2018.pdf

20180531 High Power Klystrons HG2018.pptx

12:15 RF Terminator: compact RF load from SiC

.

Speaker: Alexej Grudiev (CERN)

20180530_RFterminator_HG2018.pdf

20180530_RFterminator_HG2018.pptx

12:40 Closing Remark

Speakers: Walter Wuensch (CERN), Dr Fang Wencheng (SINAP)

wrap up presentation 2018-6-8.pdf

wrap up presentation 2018-6-8.pptx

12:50 → 14:00 Lunch

14:00 → 15:30 SSRF and SXFEL tour

15:30 → 17:00 CompactLight WP4 meeting

Room 225

Convener: Dr Walter Wuensch (CERN)

WP4 indico site