The proposed ultra-high luminosity, circular electron-positron colliders,
FCC-ee and CEPC, feature a very rich and diverse physics programme including
i) precise measurements of Higgs boson couplings;
ii) a ultra-precise electroweak programme promising indirect sensitivity to
New Physics up to the 70-TeV scale;
iii) a next-generation heavy-flavour programme with statistics exceeding...
Understanding the properties of nuclear matter and its emergence through the underlying partonic structure and dynamics of quarks and gluons requires a new experimental facility in hadronic physics known as the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will address some of the most profound questions concerning the emergence of nuclear properties by precisely imaging gluons and quarks inside...
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle-physics experiment that measures cosmic ray components in low-earth orbit. With its permanent magnet and instrumentation, AMS analyzes cosmic rays across a rigidity range from 1 GV to several TVs. Since its installation on the International Space Station in 2011, AMS has been discerning antimatter from matter. It will continue to collect data...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, being built with the goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering, the possible CP-violating phase in the neutrino mixing matrix as well as the observation of proton decay and the detection of supernova neutrinos.
The System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND) is one of the three...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of 3000-4000~fb$^{-1}$ after 10 years of operation with peak instantaneous luminosity reaching about 5-7.5$\times10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. During Long Shutdown 3, several components of the CMS detector will undergo major changes, called Phase-2 upgrades, to be able to operate in the challenging environment of the...
ATLAS is currently preparing for the HL-LHC upgrade, with an all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) that will replace the current Inner Detector. The ITk will feature a pixel detector surrounded by a strip detector, with the strip system consisting of 4 barrel layers and 6 endcap disks. After completion of final design reviews in key areas, such as Sensors, Modules, Front-End electronics and ASICs, a...
The Belle II experiment currently records data at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider, which holds the world luminosity record of 4.7x10^34 cm-2.s-1 and plans to push up to 6x10^35 cm-2 s-1. In such luminosity range for e+e- collisions, the inner detection layers should both cope with a hit rate dominated by beam-induced parasitic particles and provide minute tracking precision. A R&D program has been...
The IGNITE project develops technical solutions for the next generation of trackers at colliders. It plans to implement an integrated module, comprising sensor, electronics, and fast readout, aimed at fast 4D-tracking. System pixels are required to have pitch around 50 µm and time resolution below 30 ps. In the present paper we present measurement results concerning the performance of the...
LHCb plans an Upgrade II detector for 2034 to operate at luminosities of 1.5x10$^{34}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$, accumulating over 300 fb$^{-1}$. This will result in about 42 interactions per crossing, producing approximately 2000 charged particles within acceptance.
The higher luminosity requires a new VErtex LOcator (VELO) with enhanced capabilities to handle increased data rates, radiation levels,...
Future high-energy and high-intensity colliders will require precise particle tracking in space and time up to very high fluences, above 10$^{17}$ 1 MeV equivalent n/cm$^2$. To design future tracker detectors that can operate in such extreme radiation conditions, radiation-tolerant sensors with 4D tracking capabilities must be manufactured.
We will present a pioneering silicon sensor...
The CMS Mip Timing Detector (MTD) is a vital part of the CMS upgrade for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), which will start operations in 2030. The HL-LHC will achieve $3000\;\textrm{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity over 10 years, pushing the boundaries of precision measurements and rare process searches. To manage the significant increase in pile-up interactions, the MTD...
Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) is a next-generation water Cherenkov detector under construction, featuring a large cylindrical tank measuring 71 meters high and 68 meters in diameter, with a fiducial volume of 188 kilotons. Its physics program includes studying neutrino oscillations, astrophysical neutrinos, and searching for nucleon decay, with a primary focus on investigating leptonic CP violation....
In high-energy physics, there is a need to investigate silicon sensor concepts that offer large-area coverage and cost-efficiency for particle tracking detectors. Sensors based on CMOS imaging technology present a promising alternative silicon sensor concept.
As this technology follows a standardised industry process, it can provide lower sensor production costs and enable fast and...
The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to operate at a luminosity of up to 1.5 x 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ to collect a data set of 300 fb$^{-1}$. The required substantial modifications of the LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter during Long Shutdown 4 (LS4) due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities are referred to as PicoCal.
Several scintillating sampling...
Particle accelerators operated primarily for cancer treatment are valuable for testing high-energy physics (HEP) instruments. However, beam instrumentation, particularly primary beam monitors, cannot commonly measure the low particle rates typically used for HEP instrumentation tests. We are working on a primary beam monitor capable of detecting single particles while operational at clinical...
Neutrino-less double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay is a rare nuclear process with profound implications for verifying the Majorana nature of neutrinos and determining their masses.The Majorana nature of neutrinos is crucial for understanding neutrino properties and the origin of the matter-dominant universe.
The KamLAND-Zen experiment, located at the Kamioka underground laboratory in Japan,...
Future high-energy e⁺e⁻ collider experiments, such as the Future Circular Collider (FCC) and the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), will prioritize precise measurements of Higgs boson properties while exploring electroweak interactions, quantum chromodynamics and heavy-flavour physics. An excellent calorimetric performance is vital for identifying significant processes through the...
Precision measurements of the Higgs, W/Z bosons at future lepton colliders require the calorimetry system to achieve unprecedented jet performance. Among Higgs factories, the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) can provide an early option. The CEPC calorimeter working group has proposed a new electromagnetic calorimeter based on finely segmented scintillating crystals to be compatible...
A high rate beam telescope, comprised of eight Timepix4-based sensor planes, has been constructed, featuring both thin (100 μm) planar sensors for better temporal measurements and thick (300 μm) sensors for more precise spatial measurements.
The Timepix4 ASIC, compatible with various sensor technologies, consists of a matrix of 448×512 pixels with a 55 μm square pitch. Simultaneous...
A novel hybrid dual-readout calorimeter concept consisting of a homogeneous crystal electromagnetic section followed by a fiber-based hadronic section can represent a cost-effective solution to achieve an energy resolution of $3\%/\sqrt{E}$ for EM particles, $27\%/\sqrt{E}$ for neutral hadrons, and 4-5% for 50 GeV jets - a key performance benchmark for physics studies at future e+e- collider...
Muon-spin spectroscopy at continuous sources has long been limited to a muon stopping rate of approximately \SI{40}{kHz}.
The primary constraint arises from the requirement that only a single muon can be present in the sample during the \SI{10}{\mu s} data collection window.
This limitation stems from the widespread use of scintillator-based detectors to track incoming muons and outgoing...
We present the development and initial testing of
a device that opens the way for a novel class of Hybrid Pixel
Detectors (HPDs) achieved by coupling a low-noise, event-driven
analog readout ASIC with a solid state fine-pitch pixel sensor.
Our new HPD builds upon XPOL-III, a cutting-edge 180 nm
CMOS VLSI ASIC integrating over 100,000 pixels with fully
analog, low-noise readout at 50 μm...
New developments in the field of instrumentation for high energy physics experiments are being carried out worldwide by several research groups in the 28 nm CMOS technology. In the design of pixel readout circuits, such a technology node promises to push more intelligence at pixel level, while higher bandwidths can be achieved in I/O circuits thanks to improved transition frequencies of the...
This contribution presents the development of a hadronic calorimeter made of resistive Micro Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD) designed for an experiment at a multi-TeV Muon collider.
The Muon collider has been proposed as a powerful tool to explore the Standard Model, aiming for precise Higgs boson coupling measurements and searches for new physics at the TeV scale, requiring accurate event...
In large-scale physical experiments, the experimental devices are widely distributed in space and have a large number of end nodes. To ensure that all components can work synchronously and complete precise correlation measurement at different positions, the clocks of all nodes are required to be from the same source and to achieve automatic phase synchronization, as well as the fusion...
The Any Light Particle Search~II (ALPS~II) experiment at DESY, Hamburg, is a light-shining-through-a-wall experiment aiming to explore the possible existence of axions and axion-like particles, which are potential dark matter candidates. ALPS~II is currently collecting data using a heterodyne-based detection scheme. A complementary run using a single photon detection scheme is foreseen, which...
The Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT), installed in 2021 during the Long Shutdown 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), is one of the crucial ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) detectors. It performs several essential functions, including delivery of the fast (<425 ns) online minimum bias collision trigger and monitoring luminosity and background conditions. The achieved collision time...
Silicon strip detectors remain a popular choice in various fields of physics due to their flexibility and capability to achieve high spatial resolutions, ranging from tens of micrometers to less than 5 micrometers while covering large areas up to several square meters. The ASTRA-64 (Adaptable Silicon sTrip Read-out ASIC) is a 64-channel mixed-signal ASIC designed to read micro-strip silicon...
BULLKID-DM is a new experiment to search for hypothetical WIMP-like Dark-Matter particles with mass around 1 GeV and cross-section with nucleons smaller than $10^{-41}$ cm$^2$.
The target will amount to 600 g subdivided in 2500 silicon dice sensed by phonon-mediated kinetic inductance detectors. With respect to other solid-state experiments in the field the aim is to control the backgrounds...
In the high-luminosity LHC era, CMS will see an unprecedented number of collisions per bunch crossing, calling for a full Phase-2 upgrade of the detector. In particular, to meet the 1% precision goal for luminosity measurement per year, the development of a new luminosity-dedicated detector and the adaptation of CMS subsystems for this purpose is required. In the present contribution, we...
Future hadronic colliders are expected to have increasing multiple interactions per bunch crossing, which poses a challenge for silicon detectors. These sensors need to perform 4D tracking and withstand extreme radiation levels.
Low-gain avalanche diodes have excellent timing performance but also a moderate fluence limit. Beyond about $2.5\cdot10^{15}$ $n_{eq}/cm^2$, the gain implant, which...
The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a neutrino detector at the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. It is a 26-ton Gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov detector designed to measure CC interaction cross-sections and neutron multiplicity. In addition, ANNIE serves as a testbed for novel detector technologies amongst which is Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS)....
The beam monitoring system, known as the eyes of the accelerators, is an essential part of the accelerator facilities. Its function is to monitor the beam parameters to improve the beam quality. The gaseous detector with direct charge collecting pixel readout shows excellent potential for non-destructive beam monitoring since it can provide high spatial resolution and handle high flux beam...
The High Energy Radiation Detection Facility (HERD) is a flagship space astronomy and particle astrophysics experiment of the Chinese Cosmic Lighthouse Program, which will be installed at the China Space Station in 2027. HERD will plan a decade-long experiment in orbit for dark matter detection, cosmic ray energy measurement and high-energy gamma-ray detection. The high-energy cosmic ray...
A method for real-time, in vivo verification of dose delivery during Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) therapy is presented. The method involves detecting Bremsstrahlung radiation emitted when VHEE beams interact with matter, using LYSO scintillation detectors coupled to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). A cylindrical polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom was irradiated with 80 and 150 MeV...
The verification of the particle range for the particle therapy in situ during the therapy is important and challenging technique to suppress the risks of miss irradiation (i.e. over dose or wrong position), and we have developed novel monitor consisting of plastic scintillation fibers and multi-anode photomultiplier tube. Here, the secondary protons are calculated to be traced the peak pf the...
Plans for a future experiment to search for $\mu^+\to e^+\gamma $ are now under discussion. To achieve $\mathcal{O}(10^{-15})$ sensitivity, developing a photon detector with good resolutions and high rate capability is crucial. Therefore, we are considering using a pair spectrometer for photon detection, which offers better resolution and higher rate capability than a calorimeter. The...
The European Pathfinder project Unicorn aims to advance radiation detection
techniques through the development of novel nanoparticle-based scintillating
materials. This work explores the scintillation properties of inorganic
scintillator nanocrystals embedded in polymer or glass matrices, aiming at applications
in gamma and beta decay detection. This research employs a...
The ALICE Forward Calorimeter upgrade (ALICE FoCal) will be installed for LHC Run 4 with the physics goal to probe hadronic matter, its gluon density and the parton distribution functions at Bjorken-x of 10^(-6) and below. The detector - a 20-layer electromagnetic Si-W sampling calorimeter and a copper + scintillating fiber hadronic calorimeter in 'spaghetti' design - will cover a...
Inorganic scintillating crystals are used in high-energy physics to build homogeneous calorimeters with an energy resolution for electromagnetic particles significantly better than traditional sampling calorimeters. However, for hadronic particles, the event-by-event fluctuations of the electromagnetic fraction of hadronic showers (fem) deteriorate the performance of the calorimeter. To adress...
FASER is located 480 meters from the ATLAS interaction point, along the collision axis. The tracking system of the FASER detector consists of four identical tracker stations made from silicon microstrip detectors. It's designed to be able to measure trajectory of charged particles to search for long-lived particles such as dark photons or axion-like particles and study collider neutrino which...
Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are particle detectors with a moderate gain (< 20) optimized for high energy physics experiments. Gain in these sensors is controlled by bias voltage but it depends also on the other factors such as temperature and charge density generated in the gain layer. When the laser pulses are used to study LGADs, charge density strongly depends on the beam...
The AMBER experiment at CERN’s SPS explores fundamental questions in hadron physics using high-
energy muon, pion, kaon, and hadron beams. With successfully completing its first physics run in 2023
and 2024, AMBER will provide valuable data for dark matter searches by measuring the antiproton
production cross section on hydrogen, deuterium and helium targets. Looking ahead, the...
The Circular Electron Positron Collider accelerator Technical Design Report (TDR), as a Higgs and high luminosity Z factory, has been released in 2023 at Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS in China. The baseline design of a detector concept consists of a large 3D tracking system, which is a high precision (about 100μm) spatial resolution Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector as the main...
Single-crystal chemical vapour deposition (sCVD) diamond detectors are known for their high radiation hardness and excellent performance at elevated temperatures. Recent results have shown that silicon carbide (SiC) sensors are promising candidates for particle spectroscopy in demanding environments. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of the achievable energy resolution of sCVD...
During the LHC Long Shutdown 3 the CMS detector will undergo a major Phase-2 upgrade, to cope with the challenging environment of the High Luminosity LHC. The upgraded Phase-2 Outer Tracker (OT) is designed to have increased granularity and radiation tolerance with respect to the previous silicon strip tracker and the capability to handle higher data rates. A new feature of the upgraded OT,...
The ATLAS18 silicon strip sensors for the ATLAS Inner Tracker Phase-2 upgrade are to operate near the interaction point to the integrated luminosity of 4000 fb-1, which results in the maximum fluence of 1.6×1015 neq/cm2. To confirm the key properties of the sensors, dedicated test structures are regularly irradiated and tested as part of the quality assurance (QA) program in 4 irradiation and...
The High-Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is a leading platform for heavy-ion scientific research in China. Currently, several significant physics experiments are being constructed at HIAF, including the Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC), the All-Silicon High Energy Spectrometer, and the High Energy Fragment Separator (HFRS). The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are...
SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) is a nuclear imaging diagnostic exam that involves the administration of a radiopharmaceutical that specifically links to the tumor cells while emitting gamma rays, allowing for cancer detection. Typical SPECT detectors involve monolithic inorganic crystals combined with PMT matrices for the readout.
In this contribution we present a new...
The XAFS-DET package of the European LEAPS-INNOV project has undertaken an exciting initiative to develop a multi-element monolithic germanium detector for applications requiring spectroscopy-grade detectors like X-ray Fluorescence or X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. These detectors incorporate 1) a new germanium sensors with an optimized design to reject charge sharing events and two different...
The goal of the Mu3e experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Switzerland) is to search for the rare charged-lepton flavour-violating decay $\mu^{+} \rightarrow e^{+} e^{+} e^{-}$, the observation of which would be an unambigous sign of physics beyond the Standard Model.
Aiming for the ultimate sensitivity of O($10^{-16}$), Mu3e will improve upon the previous searches by four orders of...
High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) project is being constructed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A High energy FRagment Separator (HFRS) at HIAF was designed to study the properties of rare isotopes far away from the line of beta stability and their involved nuclear reactions of astrophysics interests. HFRS utilizes the Bρ-TOF-ΔE method for...
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) upgrade will increase instantaneous luminosity to more than five times its previous level, enhancing the precision of Higgs boson studies and expanding the potential for new physics discoveries. Synthetic single-crystal diamond (SCD), known for its superior radiation hardness, is a promising candidate for the proposed Mini-FCal in ATLAS...
The NEWS-G collaboration is searching for light dark matter using spherical proportional counters. Access to 50 MeV to 10 GeV mass range is enabled by the combination of single electron threshold, light gaseous targets (H, He, Ne), and highly radio-pure detector construction. Most recently, new constraints on spin-dependent interactions of dark matter with protons were obtained with the...
Resistive Plate Chamber detectors play a crucial role in triggering events with muons in the ATLAS central region. In view of the HL-LHC program, this system is facing a significant upgrade. In the next few years, 306 triplets of new generation RPCs will be installed in the innermost region of the ATLAS Muon Barrel Spectrometer, increasing the number of tracking layers from 6 to 9, doubling...
The future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will offer a unique opportunity to explore the parton distributions inside nucleons
and nuclei thanks to an unprecedented luminosity, a wide range of energies, a large choice of nuclei
and polarization of both beams. The electron Proton-Ion Collider (ePIC) detector will be capable of precise determination
of the position of primary and secondary...
The FAMU experiment at RIKEN-RAL has been devised to measure with high precision (better than 1%) the proton Zemach radius in muonic hydrogen, produced from a 55 MeV/c muon beam impinging on a target containing a mixture of H2 and O2 (1.5% in weight). The innovative method is based on a custom MIR laser (working at ~6800 nm) and a fast X-ray detector system. The X-ray detector system in the...
The project of a circular collider for electrons and positrons (FCC-ee) needs to be completed with a detecting apparatus. The Innovative Detector for Electron-positron Accelerator (IDEA) has been proposed to study with more precision the properties of heavy particles as top, Z, W and H.
From vertex outward, the apparatus is composed of an Inner Tracker and a Drift Chamber surrounded by a...
The Barrel DIRC (Detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light)
detector is a key component of the particle identification system for
the PANDA experiment, designed to provide at least 3 standard deviations
of separation between charged pions and kaons up to at least 3.5 GeV/c
for the polar angle range of 22 to 140 degrees.
The detector consists of 16 optically independent sectors....
The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver proton-proton collisions at 5 to 7.5 times the nominal LHC luminosity, with an expected number of 140 to 200 pp-interactions per bunch crossing. To maintain the performance of muon triggering and reconstruction under high background, the forward part of the muon spectrometer of the CMS experiment will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM)...
A prototype of a novel digital electromagnetic calorimeter, EPICAL-2, has been developed. The R&D is performed in the context of the ALICE-FoCal and is strongly related to studies of imaging in proton CT. Digital calorimetry also proves promising for future collider projects like EIC, ILC, CLIC, or FCC.
Based on proof of principle with a first prototype, EPCIAL-2 has been constructed as an...
Extensive studies of effects of annealing at 60°C on charge collection efficiency were made during development and production of sensors for ATLAS ITk strip detector. After irradiation with neutrons or low energy protons, at bias voltages below ~ 900 V, “typical” annealing behaviour was observed: beneficial effect of short term annealing was followed by a drop of charge collection efficiency...
To face the higher levels of radiation due to the 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity during the H-L LHC, the CMS detector will replace the current endcap calorimeters with the new High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section as well as the high-radiation regions of the hadronic section of the HGCAL (fluences above 1.0e14 neq/cm2) will be equipped with silicon pad...
An innovative single-photon detector based on a vacuum tube with a photocathode, a microchannel plate, and a Timepix4 CMOS ASIC as its read-out anode is presented. This detector is designed to detect up to 1 billion photons per second over a $7\,cm^2$ active area, achieving simultaneously exceptional position and timing resolutions of $5-10\,\mu m$ and less than $50\,ps$, respectively....
Energetic proton beams (60-230MeV) are used in proton therapy. Currently, x-ray imaging is used before each proton therapy treatment to accurately tune the proton beam, but the conversion to proton range introduces an error up to 3%, which could be cut by using proton imaging instead. At this moment no device for proton imaging is available on the market. We propose a GaN detector for proton...
The PICosecond subMICron (PICMIC) is a new detection concept that intends to simultaneously exploit the remarkable intrinsic spatial and time precision of the MicroChannel Plate (MCP) detectors. The concept is itself made of two new ones. The first is similar in principle to the GPS system and allows, with a limited number of electronic channels, a precise measurement of the arrival time of...
Organic technologies are of active scientific interest due to their tuneable, scalable, and cost-effective nature. I will present radiation sensors based on organic semiconductor technology, particularly applications related to detection of hadronic radiation consisting of α radiation and thermal and fast neutrons. Neutron detection is useful in various fields, from fundamental particle and...
Many years of research and development of High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HVMAPS) have culminated in the final design for the Mu3e pixel sensor, MuPix11. Following the requirements of the Mu3e experiment MuPix11 has been developed to provide excellent vertex, time and momentum resolution in a high rate environment and allowing to construct ultra-thin detector layers with...
The Scintillating Fibre (SciFi) tracker has been operated in the current LHCb experiment design during LHC Run 3 and will continue to take data until the end of Run 4. The high radiation environment damages the detector parts and reduces the over-all light yield, compromising the required hit efficiency. Moreover, the LHCb Upgrade II will see the addition of timing information in different...
The LHCb experiment at CERN has been upgraded for the Run 3 operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A new concept of tracking detector based on Scintillating Fibres (SciFi) read out with multichannel silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) was installed during its upgrade. One of the main challenges the SciFi tracker will face during its operation is the high radiation environment due to fast...
AstroPix is a novel high-voltage CMOS active pixel sensor being developed for a next generation gamma-ray space telescope, AMEGO-X, and the ePIC electron-iron collider detector. AstroPix has to be $500~\rm{\mu m}$ thick and to be fully depleted by supplying bias voltage. The energy resolution must be < 6 keV (FWHM) at 60 keV and the pixel pitch should be $500\times500~\rm{{\mu m}}^2$....
PETALO (Positron Emission TOF Apparatus with Liquid xenOn) is a project that uses liquid xenon (LXe) as a scintillation medium, silicon photomultipliers as a readout and fast electronics to provide a significant improvement in PET-TOF technology. Liquid xenon allows one to build a continuous detector with a high stopping power for 511-keV gammas. In addition, SiPMs enable a fast and accurate...
The RD50-MPW4, the latest HV-CMOS pixel sensor in the series from the CERN-RD50-CMOS group, advances radiation tolerance, granularity, and timing resolution for future experiments like HL-LHC and FCC. Fabricated by LFoundry in December 2023 using a 150nm CMOS process, it features a 64 x 64 pixel matrix with a $62 \times 62\mu m^2$ pitch and employs a column-drain readout architecture. The...
Achieving excellent time resolution is crucial in time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and image quality. High-frequency (HF) front-end electronics offer a solution for achieving excellent performance in TOF-PET applications by exploiting the fastest light production mechanisms in crystals. Moreover, as the achievable coincidence time...
The ALICE Collaboration is proposing a completely new apparatus, ALICE 3, for the LHC Run 5 and beyond. A key subsystem for high-energy charged particle identification will be a Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector consisting of an aerogel radiator and a photodetector surface based on Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays in a proximity-focusing configuration. A thin high-refractive index...
Radiotherapy with ion beams is a highly precise cancer treatment modality. As such, its quality might be influenced by even minor anatomical changes within the patient like swellings or tumor shrinkage. Therefore methods to assess the quality of the treatment during the irradiation is of utmost interest.
Contrary to X-ray imaging, methods without exposing the patient to additional radiation...
The dual-radiator RICH (dRICH) detector of the ePIC experiment at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will make use of SiPMs for the detection of Cherenkov light. The photodetector will cover ~ 3 m² with 3x3 mm² pixels, for a total of more than 300k readout channels and will be the first application of SiPMs for single-photon detection in a HEP experiment. SiPMs are chosen for their low...
Monolithic active pixel sensors with depleted substrates present a promising option for pixel detectors in high-radiation environments. High-resistivity silicon substrates and high bias voltage capabilities in commercial CMOS technologies facilitate depletion of the charge sensitive volume. TJ-Monopix2 and LF-Monopix2 are the most recent large-scale chips in their respective development line,...
Silicon carbide (SiC) detectors are a state-of-the-art technology for particle detection. The great interest relies in the high radiation hardness of SiC and good energy resolution. Large-area SiC detectors were chosen as the ∆E stage of new telescopes used in the particle identification system of the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer in the context of the NUMEN project. The adopted SiC detectors...
We present accurate and extensive studies on 3D-column silicon sensors, aimed at high-resolution space-time (4D) tracking for future collider experiments.
Such studies are a follow-up of the TimeSPOT-project and AIDAInnova initiative, where we developed 3D-trench silicon sensors, which have been proved to reach a time resolution around 10 ps rms up to extreme fluences (10^17 new/cm2).
In...
The super tau-charm facility (STCF) is a proposed e+e- collider producing a data sample 100 times higher than present tau-charm factory (BEPCII). The inner tracker (ITK) of STCF should have high position resolution, low-material and high rate with fast readout. Under these requirements, the monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) is selected as one of alternative options for the ITK. Several...
The Inner Detector system of the ATLAS detector is being entirely replaced with a new all-silicon detector known as the Inner Tracker (ITk) to prepare for high particle-rate conditions at the High Luminosity LHC. The innermost layers of the ITk will be composed of silicon pixels, while the outer layers will consist of silicon strips. The basic building block of the ITk Strip detector is the...
A new tracker, for the CMS detector at The Large Hadron Collider, will be built to address the demands of the High Luminosity upgrade which aims to achieve peak instantaneous luminosities from 5 up to 7.5×10^34 cm^-2 s^-1 and an integrated luminosity of 3000–4000 fb^-1 at a center of mass energy of 14 TeV. To meet the resulting challenges, the CMS experiment is changing its outer tracker...
Low-energy cosmic and solar radiation acts as a probe for a wide range of investigations in astrophysics, heliophysics, and planetary science. At the same time, mitigating the exposure of spacecraft and astronauts to high-energy radiation is one of the greatest challenges to the crewed and robotic exploration of the solar system. We have developed a compact tracking calorimeter made from...
The qualification of new detectors in test beam environments presents a challenging setting that requires stable operation of diverse devices, often employing multiple Data Acquisition (DAQ). Changes to these setups are frequent, such as using different reference detectors depending on the facility. Managing this complexity necessitates a system capable of controlling the data taking,...
Wavy dark matter candidates, such as axion and dark photon, convert to ordinary photon. Since the frequency of the conversion photon of a meV mass particle is in the radio wave range (O(1 GHz) - O(100 GHz)) and has a narrow frequency peak, spectroscopic search is effective.
Since neither its mass nor its coupling to standard model particles is known, broad coverage of the mass region is...
With the upgrade of the LHC to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the Inner Detector will be replaced with the new all-silicon ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk). Comprising an active area of 165m$^2$, the outer detector layers will host strip modules, built with single-sided micro-strip sensors. The ATLAS18 main sensors were tested at different institutes in the collaboration for mechanical and...
The LUXE experiment will investigate the strong-field QED regime by using the interactions of high-energy electrons from the European XFEL in a powerful laser field. It will measure the production of electron-positron pairs as a function of the laser field strength, up to the non-perturbative regime beyond the Schwinger limit. LUXE foresees a positron detection system consisting of a tracker...
The Aerogel Ring Imaging CHerenkov (ARICH) counter of the Belle II detector takes the role of particle identification. It detects Cherenkov ring images using Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detectors (HAPD).
In the future upgrade, it is planned to replace HAPDs with other photon detectors. The new detectors should be resistant against the high neutron radiation and magnetic field. The candidates are...
Gaseous ionization detectors play a key role in the instrumentation of detectors for future colliders, such as muon chambers for the ATLAS experiment upgrade at the HL-LHC, as well as experiments at future electron-positron and hadron colliders, or the gaseous ionization detectors planned for the inner detectors of certain experiments at a future electron-positron collider. The need for fast...
Observing neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) is critical for understanding whether neutrinos are Majorana particles, meaning they are their own antiparticles. Detecting the event would also provide insights into the origin of neutrino mass and help explain the matter-antimatter imbalance in the universe. Such a discovery would have a major impact on physics and cosmology.
The...
The Apparatus for Mesons and Baryon Experimental Research (AMBER, NA66) is a high-energy physics experiment at CERN’s M2 beam line. Its broad physics program extends beyond 2032 and comprises measurements of the anti-proton production cross-section on He, proton, and Deuterium, charge-radius of the proton and Kaon and Pion PDFs using Drell-Yan process. Several upgrades of the spectrometer are...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) requires a resolution of around 30 ps, and future colliders like the FCC-hh will demand below 10 ps. To meet these requirements, Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) were developed, utilizing charge multiplication for fast signals. However, at high luminosities, LGADs lose gain due to acceptor removal. To improve radiation hardness,3D detectors (without a gain...
The AMBER experiment at CERN will measure the proton's charge radius via muon-proton elastic scattering at high projectile energies and small momentum transfers to help to resolve the so-called ‘proton radius puzzle’, i.e., the discrepancy between charge radii measured with different experimental techniques. The core setup at AMBER consists of a hydrogen-filled time projection chamber (TPC)....
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Often, radiotherapy is the primary or sole therapeutic procedure employed in the treatment process. Ensuring that each patient receives a fast, efficient, and safe treatment is essential. To address this need, our team has developed a scalable detection system using plastic scintillators as the...
The OBELIX chip is specifically developed for the Belle II VTX upgrade and used as sensor on all VTX layers.
OBELIX is a depleted monolithic active pixel sensor in 180nm technology and based on the TJ-Monopix2 chip.
The pixel matrix of OBELIX is inherited from TJ-Monopix2, but the periphery of the chip is entirely reworked.
A newly designed 2-stage pixel memory matches Belle II trigger...
JUNGFRAU is a state-of-the-art charge-integrating X-ray detector used mainly for imaging, diffraction and spectroscopy experiments at synchrotrons and free-electron lasers. The current frame rate is 2.2 kHz, limited by analogue signal integrity due to the number of available output pads. With the goal to increase the frame rate of the detector to over 10 kHz, we have designed a digital 3.125...
The LHCb experiment has installed a high-performance Scintillating Fibre (SciFi) Tracker to enhance its tracking capabilities under the increased luminosity during Runs 3 and 4 of the LHC, a fivefold increase over Run 2. The SciFi Tracker's 11,000 km of scintillating fibres, read out by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs), deliver a spatial resolution of better than 100 μm covering an acceptance...
Picosec R&D towards Muon Collider applications – Matteo Brunoldi, endorsed by the International Muon Collider Collaboration, on behalf of the Picosec Micromegas Collaboration
The Muon Collider (MC) offers significant potential in high-energy physics by combining the benefits of leptonic and hadronic colliders. However, key challenges remain, including the Beam-Induced Background, which arises...
The CMS experiment at LHC has a 14 year experience with the energy measurement of electrons and photons produced in collisions of high-luminosity high-energy colliders with a homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter. The PbWO4 crystal calorimeter must operate at high rate in a harsh radiation environment: changes in detector response need to be corrected for and dedicated techniques are used to...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next generation long-baseline neutrino experiment that will send an intense beam of neutrinos through two detector complexes: a near detector complex located at Fermilab (Chicago), and a far detector complex located ~1.5 km underground at Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota.
One of the DUNE far detector (FD) modules...
A novel concept for a high granular noble liquid calorimeter optimised for measurements of electrons and photons at e+e- Higgs factories, namely for the Future Circular Collider FCC-ee, will be introduced. The development of the noble liquid calorimeter is a part of Detector Research and Development Collaboration for Calorimeters (DRD6) forming a workpackage 2. The design of the...
A silicon pad detector (SPD) with one of the largest effective areas has been developed for the charged particle detector on a focal plane of a gas-filled recoil ion separator (GARIS-II and GARIS-III) at RIKEN. The main objective of research using the GARIS system is to discover new elements with atomic numbers Z = 119. The element Z = 119 is synthesized through a fusion reaction of $^{51}$V +...
The LEMING experiment aims to test weak equivalence in leptonic antimatter using a novel cold muonium beam, that we recently synthesised from superfluid helium. For this experiment, it is paramount to operate particle detectors at temperatures below 1K, partially in the superfluid environment. The cryogenic detectors need to be capable of tracking positrons from decaying muons in a large solid...
The ITk strip detector is a new micro-strip tracking system for the upgraded ATLAS experiment on the planned HL-LHC. The powering system for the detector modules is based on two-stage DC to DC conversion, with off-detector supplies at higher voltage, which allows for reduction of the current on the cables and ohmic loss. A custom, active patch panel system called Patch Panel 2 (PP2) is...
The Electron Ion Collider(EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is designed to study the nuclear structure with an unprecedented precision, shading light on confinement and on the intriguing behavior of QCD in the non-perturbative regime. ePIC is the first large acceptance detector that will be located at the Interaction Point (IP6). Its tracking system is composed of Silicon trackers and...
The increased luminosity in future runs of LHC lead the experiments to cope with a higher particle flux, making the collaborations to study how to maintain full detection efficiency. For LHCb this issue involves the inner stations (R1 and R2) of the Muon system locally composed of Multi-Wire Proportional Chambers (MWPC). Indeed, at the rates expected there during run 5 and 6 (O(1 MHz/cm2))...
GEM detectors are widely used as tracking detectors in modern particle physics experiments. Typically, triple or quadruple stacks of GEM stages are used to provide the required gain. For discharge-safe operation, the potentials of the electrodes are often generated from a single input channel, using a Passive Voltage Divider. This circuit defines the required potentials through a resistor...
Proton radiography is a transmission imaging modality that measures the energy loss in an object to reconstruct a map of water-equivalent path lengths. Imaging systems typically feature a calorimeter to measure the residual kinetic energy of particles exiting the target, combined with one or more position-sensitive devices, providing the proton position or track. Recently, a new approach to...
Straw Trackers are widely used in High Energy Physics experiments such as ATLAS, LHCb, NA62 and many others. The straw tubes are made of Kapton or Mylar, and have thin walls of several tens of microns. There are two main straw production technologies – glued winding and ultrasonic welding (USW). While the winding technology exists for a long time, and is even available for industrial...
As antimatter is mostly detected through its annihilation, the antiproton-nucleus ($\bar{\text{p}}$A) interaction is a crucial process. Various models, compared mostly to older data from experiments at LEAR, show deviations from measurements by large factors, indicating that, despite its significance, the annihilation mechanism is not well established.
A study of $\bar{\text{p}}$A...
Gravitational-wave astronomy began its remarkable legacy on September 14th, 2015, with the ground-breaking detection of a GW signal produced by the coalescence of two black holes. The exciting outcomes from this young research field range from cosmology and multimessenger astrophysics to fundamental physics. The current GW detectors are broadband (10 - 10000 Hz) Michelson interferometers that...
A new generation of space experiments is essential to address the unresolved questions raised by recent measurements from current experiments, and to further advance our understanding of cosmic rays. The challenge of the direct detection at increasingly higher energies, combined with enhanced energy and angular resolutions, is shaping the design of future detectors. The High Energy...
The ALICE collaboration is currently developing a new vertex detector ("ITS3"), foreseen to be installed in 2026 - 2028 during LHC long shutdown 3 to replace the three innermost layers (Inner Barrel) of the current Inner Tracking System as from Run 4 onwards. ITS3 comprises the use of ultra-thin (down to 50 micrometers) silicon wafers and stitching technologies in 65nm CMOS imaging process to...
The AMS-100 Experiment, a magnetic spectrometer in space, will use plastic scintillators read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) as a time of flight (ToF) detector. The scintillating fiber tracker (SciFi) of AMS-100 will use scintillating fibers (250~$\mu$m thick) read out by SiPMs. The ToF and the SciFi Tracker will be operated in vacuum at cryogenic temperatures.
We will present time...
In the LHC long shutdown 3, the ALICE experiment upgrades the inner layers of its Inner Tracker System with three layers of wafer-scale stitched sensors bent around the beam pipe. Two stitched sensor evaluation structures, the MOnolithic Stitched Sensor (MOSS) and MOnolithic Stitched Sensor with Timing (MOST) allow the study of yield dependence on circuit density, power supply segmentation,...
Answering the most puzzling questions in fundamental physis drives a continuous quest for the development of new detection techniques allowing to go beyond traditional measurement approaches. On this purpose, an increasing R&D activity for the development of new detection strategies based on exploiting the extreme sensitivity of quantum systems is currently ongoing, aiming at introducing...
Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) are attractive candidates for the next generation of vertex and tracking detectors for future lepton colliders. Especially an only recently accessible 65 nm CMOS imaging technology, that allows for higher logic density at lower power consumption compared to currently used imaging processes, is of high interest. Intensive simulation and characterisation of...
This work proposes a novel architecture that utilizes recent advancements in quantum-limited sensing technology and pixelated silicon sensors to search for new invisible particles. The design features a nanometer-scale, optically levitated sensor embedded with unstable radioisotopes, and surrounded by pixelated silicon detectors. By measuring the recoil of the optomechanical sensor at the...
In the context of the Pentadimensional Tracking Space Detector project (PTSD), we are currently developing a demonstrator to increase the Technological Readiness Level of LGAD Si-microstrip tracking detectors for applications in space-borne instruments. Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) is a consolidated technology developed for particle detectors at colliders which allows for simultaneous and...
3D diamond detector is a relatively new concept that is characterised by an electrode array fabricated inside a Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond plate using a femto-second laser, resulting in electrically conducting graphitic paths. This fabrication method allows for various complicated electrode structures, making it possible to design novel electrode geometries and optimise the...
During the second long shutdown of the LHC at CERN, the most important Phase-1 upgrade within the ATLAS experiment was replacement of the two inner endcap stations of the Muon Spectrometer, with the New Small Wheels (NSW). Consisting of two novel detector technologies, the small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) and the resistive strips Micromegas (MM), the NSW is targeting the rejection of fake...
The increase in luminosity at the HL-LHC has led to the need for both increased radiation resistance in particle sensors, along with the need for timing capabilities, and lastly, to an increase in the granularity of vertex detectors. 3D detectors have an inherent good resistance to radiation damage that have allowed, after several years of R&D, to push their radiation hardness up to the...
The search for neutrinoless double beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay is considered the most promising method to prove the Majorana nature of neutrinos, and its discovery would provide insight on the mass hierarchy and on the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. The discovery of 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay would inform theories predicting the observed matter anti-matter asymmetry of the Universe being a...
Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are critical components of the muon systems of most HL-LHC experiments. Until 2023, all HL-LHC RPC systems used a so-called standard mixture, consisting of 95.7% C$_2$H$_2$F$_4$ (R134a), 5% i-C$_4$H$_{10}$, and 0.3% SF$_6$, highly tuned for RPC performance but having very high global warming potential (GWP). Environmental impact and increasing difficulty in...
Future new high luminosity colliders will require exeptionally radiation hard detectors, in particular those that will be closer to the interaction regions, i.e. tracking and vertexing detectors. The TimeSPOT R&D project has developed a new family of 3D silicon pixel sensors with 55 μm pitch that have shown an incredible time resolution of about 10 ps thanks to their new “trench” design. In...
The IDEA detector concept for a future e+e- collider incorporates an ultra-low-mass helium-based drift chamber as the central tracking system. This chamber is designed to deliver high- efficiency tracking, precise momentum measurements, and excellent particle identification through the cluster counting technique. Simulations using Garfield++ demonstrate that this technique achieves twice the...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) has among its primary goals the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the CP-violating phase in the PMNS mixing matrix.
An important component of the DUNE Near Detector complex is the System for On-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND), which includes GRAIN, a novel Liquid Argon (LAr) detector designed to image neutrino interactions using...
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) operation will push the CMS experiment to its limits, with an instantaneous peak luminosity of $7.5 \times 10^{34} \, \text{cm}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ and an integrated luminosity of $300 \, \text{fb}^{-1}$ per year. This environment will expose the CMS Inner Tracker (IT) Pixel Detector at the center of CMS to unprecedented radiation, with a 1 MeV...
The RES-NOVA project detects cosmic neutrinos (e.g., Sun, Supernovae) via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) using archaeological Pb-based cryogenic detectors. The high CEνNS cross-section and ultra-high radiopurity of archaeological Pb enable a highly sensitive, cm-scale observatory equally sensitive to all neutrino flavors. In its first phase, RES-NOVA plans to operate a...
Recently, advancements in high-intensity laser technology have enabled the exploration of non-perturbative Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) in strong-field regimes. Notable aspects include non-linear Compton scattering and Breit-Wheeler pair production, observable when colliding high-intensity laser pulses and relativistic electron beams. The LUXE experiment at DESY and the E320 experiment at...
Gravitational waves are distortions of spacetime generated by extremely violent astrophysical events, as predicted by Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. In 2015, groundbreaking technologies in gravitational wave detectors (GW) opened a new window for observing the universe, marking the beginning of the GW era. Building on the success of the second-generation detectors, Advanced...
In preparation for the extreme operating conditions of the HL-LHC and to introduce state-of-the-art capabilities to the experiment, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector will undergo a major upgrade. A key innovation consists of the MIP Timing Detector (MTD), designed to measure the hit time of charged particles with a resolution better than 50 ps. The MTD will enable 4D reconstruction...
A Xenon ElectroLuminescence (AXEL) experiment aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) using a xenon gas time projection chamber. We have developed a special readout plane for ionization electrons called Electroluminescence Light Collection Cell (ELCC), which enables to achieve high energy resolution, background rejection with track patterns and collecting large mass of 0νββ...
Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are silicon sensors employing charge multiplication to achieve a charge gain in the order of 10. The initial development of these sensors was spur by the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), where these sensors will be used to measure the time of arrival of minimum ionizing particles with a precision of about 30 ps. To achieve this...
In 2024 the Belle II experiment resumed data taking after the Long Shutdown 1, required to install a two-layer pixel detector and upgrade components of the accelerator.
We describe the challenges of this upgrade, reporting on the operational experience.
With new data, SVD confirmed the high hit efficiency, the large signal-to-noise and the good cluster position resolution.
Over the next...
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are characterized by a fast rise time (~500ps) and extremely good time resolution (down to 17ps). For the application of this technology to near future experiments, the intrinsic low granularity of LGADs and the large power consumption of readout chips for precise timing is problematic. AC-coupled LGADs, where the readout metal is AC-coupled through an...
The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) is an electron-positron collider to be built in China. It is designed to operate in the center-of-mass energy range of 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of $0.5×10^{35}\ cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ or higher. In the STCF detector, the Inner TracKer (ITK) is an important component of the tracking system and needs to achieve a spatial resolution in the $r$-$\phi$ direction...
In the past 10 years, two design innovations, the introduction of low-gain (LGAD) and of resistive read-out (RSD), have radically changed the performance of silicon detectors. The LGAD mechanism, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by about a factor of 20, leads to improved time resolution (typically 30 ps for a 50-micron thick sensor), while resistive read-out, sharing the collected charge...
The upgraded Inner Tracking System (ITS2) of the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS). With a sensitive area of about 10 m^2 and 12.5 billion pixels, ITS2 represents the largest pixel detector in high-energy physics. The detector consists of seven concentric layers equipped with ALPIDE pixel sensors manufactured in the...
The Near Detector (ND280) of the T2K experiment at JPARC was recently upgraded to reduce systematic uncertainties affecting the measurement of oscillation parameters. Two large horizontal Time-Projection Chambers were added to measure charged particles produced at high azimuthal angle from the central active target. Each High-Angle TPC (HATPC) has an active gaseous volume of approximately 3m^3...
4D tracking will be a crucial component of any future collider experiment, as it provides pile-up discrimination (for high luminosity experiments) and time of flight (for precision experiments) without loss of spatial resolution. 4D tracking devices must be able to withstand the high radiation environment of the future collider experiments without a significant loss of precision. One such...
The tracking performance of the ATLAS detector relies critically on its 4-layer Pixel Detector. Its original part consisting in 3 layers of planar pixel sensor is continuously operating since the start of LHC collisions in 2009, while its innermost layer, the Insertable B Layer (IBL) at about 3 cm from the beam line, was installed in 2014 before the start of LHC Run2 and consists of both...
A Time Projection Chamber (TPC) module with GridPixes consisting of Timepix3 chips with integrated amplification grids have a high efficiency to detect single ionization electrons. This combination promises excellent tracking and dE/dx potential necessary to exploit the full physics reach of future colliders such as ILC, CLIC, CEPC, FCCee or EIC.
We have constructed a module with 32 GridPix...
The PICOSEC Micromegas (MM) is a gaseous detector for a precise timing measurement at the level of tens of ps. It combines a Cherenkov radiator equipped with a photocathode and a two-stage MM amplification structure. During the proof-of-concept phase, the first detector achieved an excellent time resolution below 25 ps for measurements with 150 GeV muons. Current developments towards...
Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) with an active thickness of $\sim$50 $\mu$m have shown precise timing capabilities, achieving resolutions around 30 ps, as well as precise spatial resolution. As of now, their performance seem not to be affected by the radiation, at least up to fluences of 2.5$\times$10$^{15}$ 1 MeV n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$. In late 2022, FBK developed a batch of thin LGADs with...
The LHCb experiment was upgraded during the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC (2019-2021) to collect data at five times the instantaneous luminosity of Runs 1 and 2 (2 x 10^33 cm-2 s-1) using a triggerless data acquisition system. Upgrade I for the RICH system consists of new photon detectors and readout electronics together a new optical system for RICH1, with the purpose to continue to provide...
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) show outstanding precision timing performance for high-energy physics (HEP) particle detection and will be employed in detector upgrades for the High-Luminosity LHC. However, traditional p-type LGADs face limitations in detecting low-penetrating particles, such as soft X-rays and low-energy protons. To address this, n-type LGADs (nLGADs) have been...
The PICOSEC-Micromegas (PICOSEC-MM) detector is a novel gaseous detector providing precise timing on the order of tens of picoseconds. The precision is achieved by eliminating the time jitter from charged particles in ionization gaps, using UV Cherenkov light emitted in a crystal, and captured by a Micromegas photodetector coupled with a photocathode. Timing resolution below 25 ps for MIPs was...
The LHCb experiment will undergo its high luminosity detector upgrade to operate at a maximal instantaneous luminosity of 1.5 × 1034cm−2s−1. This increase poses a challenge to the tracking system to achieve proper track reconstruction with a tenfold higher occupancy. In Upgrade II, new tracking stations, called Mighty-Tracker, will replace the Scintillating Fibre (SciFi) Tracker. The...
This contribution presents the design, production, and initial testing of newly developed 4H-SiC Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). The evaluation includes performance metrics such as the internal gain layer’s efficiency in enhancing signal generation. Initial laboratory and Transient Current Technique (TCT) measurements provide insight into the device’s stability and response to the...
In the framework of the ECFA Roadmap for Detector R&D the presented work aims to establish the use of single amplification stage resistive MPGD based on Micromegas (MM) technology as a tracking/tagging detector for future HEP experiments. The main characteristics of the proposed solution are: ability to efficiently operate up to 10 MHz/cm2 counting rate; high granularity readout with small...
The CMS Muon system is undergoing a comprehensive upgrade to prepare for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), ensuring optimal performance under increased particle rates and luminosity. Key upgrades include enhancements to existing detectors and electronics, as well as the addition of new muon stations to expand coverage and improve resolution. The upgrades include enhancements to both the...
In collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler, the Paul Scherrer Institute is developing Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors for soft X-ray science at synchrotrons and free electron lasers. While hybrid pixel detectors using standard silicon sensors are limited to photon energies above 1 keV due to quantum efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio constraints, LGAD technology extends their use...
We present a compact scintillating fiber timing detector developed for the Mu3e experiment. Mu3e is a novel experiment that will search for the charged lepton avor violating neutrinoless mu+ -> e+e-e+ decay with unprecedented sensitivity of 10^-16. In cojunction with the Si-pixel tracker, the fiber detector will allow for a full 4D track reconstruction (in space and in time).
We will report...
Liquid detectors have been used since the 1950s for the discovery of neutrinos and today are widely used in neutrino physics, dark matter searches and astroparticle experiments. These detectors mainly use cryogenic noble liquids, water or liquid scintillators as target medium.
To address fundamental open questions in neutrino physics and rare event searches, more sensitive and larger liquid...
The DarkSide-20k experiment is the latest generation dual-phase Liquid Argon-TPC hunting for Dark Matter. In particular, its goal is to discover or to extend the current sensitivity limits on the search for WIMP-like particles. This detector brings together the successful concept of the DarkSide-50 detector, and the experience gained on large volume membrane cryostats developed within the DUNE...
After the long construction phase until 2024, we recently started operation of the SuperFGD for the upgraded T2K Near detector. To improve the systematic uncertainty for the neutrino oscillation measurement in the T2K experiment, especially sensitivity to measure the CP violation in the neutrino sector, the SuperFGD plays a key role as a fully active tracking detector with the fine-grained...
Recent progress in quantum measurement systems is remarkable. There are new proposals and R&D that utilize quantum enhancements not adopted before. Examples include superconducting quantum sensors, atom interferometry, quantum spin sensors, etc. They are mainly motivated by industrial applications toward secure communications systems, quantum computing, and highly sensitive sensors. Given the...
Superconducting qubits, widely employed in quantum computing, are emerging as promising candidates for innovative particle detection methods due to their sensitivity to small energy deposits. In this work, we explore the potential of transmon qubits as particle detectors through experiments conducted on a chip manufactured at the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center at...
The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are gaseous detectors with excellent timing performance used for muon triggering in LHC experiments. They operate using a gas mixture of C2H2F4/i-C4 H10/SF6, which allows their operation in avalanche mode, essential for high-luminosity collider experiments. This mixture provides optimal gas density, low current, and a large separation between avalanche and...
The combination of gaseous detectors with high-granularity charge readout offers very specific possibilities, which otherwise could not be achieved. Examples are high-resolution tracking of low-momentum particle beams (i.e. requiring low-material budget), X-ray polarimetry and the detection of low-energetic (< 2 keV) X-rays, as well as rare-event searches that rely on event-selection based on...
In recent years, silicon carbide (SiC) has gained growing interest as a material for radiation-hard particle detectors due to its increasing availability for industrial power devices. Compared to silicon, SiC offers lower leakage currents post-irradiation, higher thermal conductivity, and larger charge carrier saturation velocity. Its suitability for particle detection and the influence of...
The ALPHA-g experiment at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator recently published the first direct measurement of the gravitational free fall of antihydrogen [Nature 621, 716–722 (2023)]. The anti-atoms were produced and trapped in a magnetic-minimum trap and slowly released by ramping down the upper and lower solenoidal coils. One of crucial prerequisite for experiment sensitive to gravitational...
There is a growing demand for intelligent instrumentation to enable rich data extraction from detectors without overwhelming data rates. Machine Learning (ML) deployed close to the detector, in the data acquisition chain, provides opportunities to select and efficiently compress relevant data. In 2024 both the CMS and ATLAS experiments at the LHC have used ML in their first stage hardware...
"Single barium ion identification for background-free neutrinoless double beta decay searches" by Ben Jones
