Conveners
Oral presentations: ASICs 1
- Bernd Schmitt (Paul Scherrer Institut)
Oral presentations: Particles
- Joaquim Marques Ferreira Dos Santos (Universidade de Coimbra (PT))
Oral presentations: Medical
- Renata Longo (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitร di Trieste, & INFN, sez. di Trieste, Italy.)
Oral presentations: Systems
- Eduardo Cortina Gil (Universite Catholique de Louvain (UCL) (BE))
Oral presentations: Muons
- Michael Tytgat (Ghent University (BE))
Oral presentations: Readout
- Roelof de Vries (Malvern-PANalytical)
Oral presentations: X-rays
- Matthieu Boone (Universiteit Gent)
Oral presentations: ASICs 2
- Cinzia Da Via (University of Manchester (GB))
Oral presentations: LHC
- Andrea Giammanco (Universite Catholique de Louvain (UCL) (BE))
Oral presentations: Materials
- Seppo Nenonen
Oral presentations: Applications
- valeria rosso (INFN and University of Pisa)
Oral presentations: ASICs 3
- heinz graafsma (DESY)
Oral presentations: Applications 2
- Ralf Hendrik Menk (Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste)
Oral presentations: Lifetime
- Christer Froejd (Mittuniversitetet (SE))
The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD), a megahertz frame-rate, high-dynamic range integrating pixel detector, was developed for photon science experiments at the European X-Ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL) and tailored to its unique specifications. Two 1-Megapixel AGIPD detector systems have been installed at the European XFEL and are producing numerous scientific...
In the framework of the ATTRACT FASTpix project monolithic small collection electrode CMOS technologies for fast signal collection, high radiation tolerance and precise timing in the sub-nanosecond range are investigated.
Deep sub-micron CMOS technologies give access to very small, sub-femtofarad collection electrodes and large signal-to-noise ratios, essential for very precise timing in...
We developed a highly integrated particle telescope assembled from two Timepix3 ASIC chip detectors [1] operated and readout in sync with highly integrated MiniPIX readout interfaces. The pixel detectors are used as particle trackers stacked on top of each other (see Fig. 1a) being accommodated in close geometry. The small distance gap (about 10 mm) between the pixel detectors provides a wide...
JUNGFRAU is a charge integrating hybrid pixel detector developed for use at X-ray free electron lasers. With in pixel gain switching it provides single photon sensitivity down to 2 keV while maintaining a dynamic range of 120 MeV. The pixel size is 75 x 75 $\mu m^2$ and the largest detector currently in use has 16M pixels. The characteristics of Jungfrau makes it an interesting detector for...
Timepix2 [1] is a hybrid pixel detector developed in the Medipix2 collaboration as the successor of Timepix. It separates the sensor attached to the ASIC into a square matrix of 256 x 256 pixels at a pixel pitch of 55 ยตm. Similar to Timepix [2], it relies on a frame-based readout scheme. However, it comes with valuable additional features such as an occupancy trigger allowing to force the...
The effect of quantum entanglement was first discussed more than 80 years ago [1,2]. Particles that are quantum entangled are described by a common wavefunction which leads to enhanced correlations between the particle interactions, even when separated over macroscopic distances. The two photons resulting from positron annihilation are predicted to be in such an entangled state. Their...
In Particle Therapy (PT), nuclear interactions of the beam with the patientโs body causes fragmentation of both the projectile and target nuclei. In treatments with protons, target fragmentation generates short range secondary particles along the beam path, that may deposit a non-negligible dose especially in the entry channel. On the other hand, in treatments with heavy ions, such as C or...
Thermal Neutron Imaging is a steadily expanding area of imaging technology and techniques with increasing interest from applications such as cultural heritage, palaeontology, and metallurgy [1,2]. Increased demand for access combined with a limited number of suitable beamlines requires efficient use of available beamtime [3,4]. N-Cam is a new experimental neutron camera system designed with...
During Run 3 the LHC will deliver instantaneous luminosities of 510^34 cm^-2 s^-1 or even 710^34 cm^-2 s^-1. To cope with the high background rates and to improve the trigger capabilities in the forward region, the muon system of the CMS experiment has been upgraded with a new station of detectors based on triple-GEM technology, named GE1/1. The station, which has been installed in 2020,...
Modern vertex detectors are based on cylindrical or planar layers of silicon sensors, generally immersed in a magnetic field. These detectors are used for precision measurements of the particles produced in the interactions and, in particular, of the dacay products of those with a long mean life, such as open charm and beauty. Since the tracking layers are always few to tens of cm from the...
The โmuon-to-electron conversionโ (Mu2e) experiment at Fermilab will search for the Charged Lepton Flavour Violating neutrino-less coherent conversion ๏ญ-N(A,Z) ๏ฎ e-N(A,Z) of a negative muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The observation of this process would be the unambiguous evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Mu2e detectors comprise a straw-tracker, an...
Muography is a penetrating imaging technique making use of the natural cosmic muons to probe the inside density distributions of objects. Since the pioneering work from Luis Alvarez in the 1960s, different imaging modes have been implemented depending on the size of these objects. The most common and only usable one for very large structures is the so-called transmission muography, where the...
Mount Etna Volcano is characterized by the Summit Craters system which represents the crucial point of its persistent tectonic activity. The Muography of Etna Volcano project started in 2016 and the first muon-tracking telescope prototype has been installed on the slope of North-East Crater from August 2017 to October 2019 (Figure 1). The aim of the project was to find anomalies in the density...
In order to keep down costs and control yields, large area hybrid detectors are commonly implemented using multiple sensor tiles in various geometries. Due to the presence of guard rings, readout connections and other design considerations it is practically impossible to make tiled sensor arrays where the tiles meet up exactly. Even in the case of four side buttable sensors, arrays will still...
STFCโs developed 1M Large Pixel Detector (LPD) [1] is now in operation on the femtosecond experiment (FXE) instrument [2] at the EuXFEL. LPD consists of more than 1 million pixels split across 2048 ASICs, with each ASIC having dimensions 32 ร 16 pixels and a pixel pitch of 500๏ญm. LPDโs three parallel gain stages provide a large dynamic range, capable of detecting 105 photon/pixel/12keV x-ray...
In the field of astronomy, photon counting detectors based on micro-channel plates (MCP) are commonly used for UV detection and their characteristics often limit the overall instrument performance. In particular, UV spectroscopy is adopted in solar physics and for the investigation of planetary exospheres. The PLUS (PLanet extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer) Project aims at developing a...
Photon science with extended ultra violet (EUV) to soft X-ray photons generated by state of the art synchrotrons and FEL sources imposes an urgent need for suitable photon imaging detectors. Besides a high quantum efficiency, requirements on such EUV detectors include high frame rates, very large dynamic range, single-photon sensitivity with low probability of false positives, small pixel...
This paper presents a readout integrated circuit (IC) of pixel architecture called MPIX (Multithreshold Pixels), designed for CdTe pixel detectors used in X-ray imaging applications. The MPIX IC of the area of 9.6 mm x 20.3 mm is designed in a CMOS 130 nm process. The IC core is a matrix of 96 x 192 square-shaped pixels of 100 ยตm pitch. Each pixel contains a fast analog front-end followed by...
Jan Dudak1,*, Jan Zemlicka1
1 Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Husova 240/5,
110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
*Corresponding author: jan.dudak@cvut.cz
X-ray micro-CT has become a popular widely used tool for purposes of scientific research. Although the current state-of-the-art micro-CT technology is on a high technology level it...
The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager specifically designed for the soft X-ray regime. In 2020, although still in a development phase, it served its two first user experiments, at a Storage Ring (SR) and also at a Free Electron Laser (FEL). We will report some preliminary results and sketch future plans.
With its 2 Megapixels, 27 ยตm pixel size, and 4 x 4 cm2 active area (extendable to 8 x 8...
The LCLS-II accelerator will provide pulses with a repetition rate of up to 1 MHz. To cope with the increase in repetition rate, a new family of detectors named SparkPix is being developed at SLAC.
SparkPix-ED is the first detector based on the Event-Driven information extraction engine, which combines high-frame rates and a triggering capability. Coarse X-ray images are streamed out at 1...
ePixM is a charge-integrating pixel detector which is being developed for soft X-rays experiments at LCLS-II. To enable single-photon detection with photon energies down to 250 eV, a monolithic active pixel sensor has been designed on a CMOS 150 nm process with a high-resistivity substrate [1]. The sensor is fully depleted, so charges are collected by drift. The back-side of the wafers has...
X-ray imaging of moving objects by using line detectors stays the most popular method of object content and structure examination with a typical resolution limited to 0.4 -1 mm. Higher resolutions are difficult to obtain as for the detector in the form of a single pixel row, the narrower the detector is, the lower the image Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This is because, for smaller pixel sizes,...
The Large Hadron Collider Beauty detector is a flavour physics detector, designed to detect decays of b- and c-hadrons for the study of CP violation and rare decays. At the end of Run-II, many of the LHCb measurements will remain statistically dominated. In order to increase the trigger yield for purely hadronic channels, the hardware trigger will be removed and the detector will be read out...
The ATLAS tracking system will be replaced by an all-silicon detector for the HL-LHC upgrade around 2025. The innermost five layers of the detector system will be pixel detector layers which will be most challenging in terms of radiation hardness, data rate and readout speed. A serial power scheme will be used for to reduce the radiation length and power consumption in cables. To handle the...
The response of a Timepix3 [1] (256 x 256 pixels, pixel pitch 55 $\mu$m) detector with a 500 $\mu$m thick HR GaAs:Cr [2] sensor was studied with proton beams at the Danish Centre for Particle Therapy in Aarhus, Denmark. The detector was irradiated at different angles with protons of 125, 171 and 219 MeV. The readout chip was configured to operate in electron or hole collection modes....
In contrast to silicon-based sensors, high-Z sensors materials like GaAs or Cd(Zn)Te provide a good quantum efficiency for the detection of hard X-rays above 15 keV. However, high-Z sensors require a careful characterization to better understand their performance since they typically suffer from crystal inhomogeneities, charge-trapping (leading to the so-called polarization effect) and high...
Thanks to a new emerging technology, diamond devices with 3-dimensional structures are produced using laser pulses to create graphitic paths in the diamond bulk. The fabrication of very narrow and close by columnar electrodes perpendicular to the detector surface allows the employment of a lower bias voltage at which the saturation charge velocity is reached and faster detector response, due...
The Timepix (TPX) is a micropixelated imaging detector capable of recording both the arrival time and position of individual ions. In this study, we have integrated TPX detectors to three different mass spectrometers (MS) for the spatially resolved detection and structural analysis of macromolecular assemblies (MMAs). First, a dual microchannel plate (MCP) stack-TPX quad detection assembly has...
The LUXE experiment aims at studying high-field QED in electron-laser and photonlaser interactions, with the 16.5 GeV electron beam of the European XFEL and a laser beam with power of up to 350 TW. The experiment will measure the spectra of electrons and photons in non-linear Compton scattering where production rates in excess of 10^9 are expected per 1 Hz bunch crossing. At the same time...
In this article we present an 8-bit differential Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), designed and manufactured in 28 nm CMOS process.
Radiation imaging is an essential part of medical diagnostics. Although integrating detectors are still widely used, more and more medical institutes have already switched to single photon counting (SPC) devices. The...
The Timepix4 chip is designed to read out a large area pixel detector comprised of 448 x 512 pixels of 55 micron square. The chip is the first large area pixel detector which can be tiled on all 4 sides when Through Silicon Vias are used to access the chip IO. There are two operating modes: data driven and photon counting. In data driven mode each pixel which is hit will produce a 64-bit word...
After more than 12 years of users operation, the MYTHEN II single photon counting microstrip detector has been upgraded in order to cope with progresses in the detector and data acquisition technology. MYTHEN III presents the same geometry as its predecessor (50 ฮผm pitch 8 mm long strips, 6.4 mm wide modules), but it provides an enhanced performance.
In particular, a new readout chip has been...
Space radiation poses a threat not only to human space flight missions, but also to the electronic equipment of any space mission. Some dramatic space system failures and disturbances in recent years have been assumed to be radiation-induced malfunction of critical electronics parts. The space radiation environment consist of a variety of particle species, including electrons, protons and...
The most advanced particle trackers for space experiments all rely on micro-strip silicon sensors, readout with custom ASICs including amplification and shaping stages. This technology proved to be efficient, robust and fully compliant with space requirements. Both in its single- and the double-sided versions, microstrips allowed for important experiments like Pamela, AGILE, Fermi, AMS-02 and...
Operation of detectors at free-electron laser (FEL) facilities with sources providing high brilliance, high repetition rate and ultra-short X-ray pulses poses high risk of radiation damage to detector components exposed to X-ray radiation, e.g. the sensor and the readout Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Knowledge about radiation-induced damage is important for understanding its...
The ARCADIA collaboration is developing Fully-Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (FD-MAPS) with an innovative sensor design in a 110nm CMOS process. This technology provides efficient charge collection and fast timing over a wide range of operational and environmental conditions [1]. The design targets very low power consumption, of the order of 20mWcm at 100MHzcm hit flux, to enable...
In this work the results of Technology-CAD (TCAD) device-level simulations of non-irradiated and irradiated Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) detectors will be presented, aiming at evaluating the effects of layout and technological parameters on the device performance. LGADs are becoming one of the most promising devices for high performance in harsh operating environment thanks to the...
