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Prof. Oliver Kester (TRIUMF)20/09/2021, 05:00
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Nigel Smith (TRIUMF)20/09/2021, 05:05
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Friedhelm Ames (TRIUMF)20/09/2021, 05:15
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Mohammad Eshraqi (ESS - European Spallation Source (SE))20/09/2021, 05:30Production of high intensity ion beamsInvited Oral
High-intensity linear accelerators have a wide range of applications, including driver for accelerator-driven sub-critical reactors, transmutation of nuclear waste, injectors for colliders, and spallation neutron sources. High-intensity linacs are designed to minimize the losses to increase component longevity and allow hands-on maintenance. Depending on the application, emittance growth and...
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Dr Daniel Winklehner (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)20/09/2021, 06:00Production of high intensity ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
For the sterile neutrino experiment IsoDAR (Isotope Decay-At-Rest), we have developed a compact particle accelerator system delivering a 10 mA, continuous wave (cw) proton beam at 60 MeV to a neutrino production target. The accelerator comprises a compact isochronous cyclotron, an RFQ embedded in the cyclotron yoke, and an ion source. To reduce space charge effects during injection and...
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Huanyu Zhao (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)20/09/2021, 06:20Production of high intensity ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The capability of the high intensity high charge state ion pulse production from light to medium-mass elements had been demonstrated by the laser ion source developed at IMP. Especially in terms of C6+ yield, the laser ion source can meet the requirements of cancer therapy facilities for filling the synchrotrons in a single turn injection mode. But for practical applications, the capability of...
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Liangting Sun (Institute of Modern Physics, CAS)20/09/2021, 06:55Production of highly charged ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Third generation ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources developed with high field, high frequency and high power technologies are aiming to produce intense highly charged ion beams for accelerators. Operating at 24~28 GHz, those ion sources have the potentials to be heated with microwave power of ~10 kW which is essential for the production of very high charge state ion beams....
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Dr Haitao Ren (FRIB)20/09/2021, 07:15Production of highly charged ion beamsInvited Oral
To meet a beam power requirement of 400 kW for heavy ions, a high intensity 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source is under development at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The magnet was built and tested at LBNL and integrated into the ion source cryostat on the FRIB high voltage platform. Magnet cooldown to 4.2K was...
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Dr Ivan Izotov (IAP RAS)20/09/2021, 07:45Production of highly charged ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Fundamental studies of excitation and non-linear evolution of kinetic instabilities of strongly non-equlibrium hot plasmas confined in open magnetic traps suggest new opportunities for fine-tuning of conventional electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) widely used for generation of high charge state ions. We report on experiments with a 14 GHz ECRIS , in which adopting the new...
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Luigi Celona20/09/2021, 08:05Production of highly charged ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
AISHa is an ECR ion source operating at INFN-LNS designed taking into account the typical requirements of hospital facilities, where the key issues are the source reliability optimization and fast maintenance operations together with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility of the beams produced.
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In the framework of the IRPT and INSpIRIT projects and in collaboration with CNAO,... -
Motoi Wada (Doshisha University)20/09/2021, 08:40Applications and related technologiesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
A duoplasmatron ion source with the carbon plasma electrode has successfully produced poly-atomic carbon ions up to C$_6^+$. The intermediate electrode has six holes to guide cathode plasma to the carbon discharge anode performing as the plasma electrode. A 1 mm diameter extraction hole is opened at the center of the carbon plasma electrode, where is no exposure to the plasma from the...
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Nadia Gambino (MedAustron)20/09/2021, 09:00Applications and related technologiesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
MedAustron is a synchrotron-based Particle Therapy Accelerator located in lower Austria which delivers clinical proton and carbon beams in the range of 62-252.7 MeV/u and 120-400 MeV/u respectively in two treatment rooms. A proton Gantry was recently commissioned in a third clinical treatment room and a fourth experimental beamline is dedicated to non-clinical research activities. Within the...
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Daniele Margarone (Institute of Physics o the Czech Academy of Sciences)20/09/2021, 09:20Production of high intensity ion beamsInvited Oral
Recently the ELIMAIA (ELI Multidisciplinary Applications of laser-Ion Acceleration) beamline has been installed at ELI-Beamlines in the Czech Republic. The main goal of ELIMAIA is to offer short ion bunches accelerated by lasers with high repetition rate to users from different fields (physics, biology, material science, medicine, chemistry, archaeology) and, at the same time, to demonstrate...
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Mr Madhawa Horana Gamage (Central Michigan University)20/09/2021, 10:05Applications and related technologiesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The CMU High Precision Trap (CHIP-TRAP) mass spectrometer at Central Michigan University will be used to perform precise mass measurements on stable and long-lived radioactive isotopes. As part of this project, we have developed a Penning Ion Trap (PIT) source capable of producing singly-charged, low intensity, ion bunches (~ 100s to 1000s of ions) from gaseous species with pulse widths of ~1...
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Mickael DUBOIS (CNRS)20/09/2021, 10:25Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
GANIL Facility delivers ion beams from Proton to Uranium up to 95MeV/A. The cyclotron facility provide stable (since 1983) and Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) (since 2001) for Physics experiments. R&D of new stable and RIB beams are steadily under progress matching physicist requirements.
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The SPIRAL1 facility was upgraded to extend its capabilities to RIB of condensable elements. After a new RIB... -
Mr Miha Luntinen (University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics)21/09/2021, 05:00Fundamental processesInvited Oral
The Consecutive Transients (CT) method has been developed to calculate the characteristic times of ionization, charge exchange and ion confinement within highly charged plasma of a Charge Breeder Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (CB-ECRIS). In the CT-method, 1+ ions are injected into the plasma in pulsed mode and fits are made to the resultant high charge state extraction current...
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Tatsuhiro Tokai (Doshisha University)21/09/2021, 05:30Fundamental processesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
A negative hydrogen ion source is operated by injecting Cs to reduce the amount of coextracted electron current while maintaining large extraction current of negative hydrogen (H-) ions. The production efficiency of H- ions from the low work function Cs covered plasma grid (PG) surface should be heavily dependent upon the velocity distribution of hydrogen atoms (H0) striking the PG surface...
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Elena Kiseleva (Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS))21/09/2021, 05:50Fundamental processesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is an important parameter that defines the processes of plasma confinement and ionization. Understanding such processes is crucial for the tuning of ion sources. In the ECR plasma, the EEDF takes a significantly non-Maxwellian shape that still remains unknown. As the continuation of this problem solving, the energy distributions of the electrons...
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Yushi Kato (Osaka Univ.)21/09/2021, 06:10Fundamental processesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Based on experimentally obtained plasma parameters in ECRIS and theoretical considerations, it turned out the essential factor that is currently presumed to define the increase in multicharged ion current in ECRIS is not simply the density limit of ordinary wave and right-hand cut-off, but is also higher density one of left-hand cutoff in magnetic field. There are two response guidelines that...
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Brad Schultz (TRIUMF)21/09/2021, 06:45Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsInvited Oral
The Canadian Rare isotope facility with Electron Beam ion source (CANREB) is an essential part of the Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) presently under construction. CANREB was recently commissioned at TRIUMF and can accept stable or rare isotope beams from a variety of ion sources, delivering high purity beams of highly charged ions (HCI) to experiments. The injected beams are bunched...
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Marco Cavenago (INFN-LNL)21/09/2021, 07:15Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The accurate mass spectrometry (with resolution goal 1:20000) of exotic ions requests beams with low energy spread (goal is about 0.5 eVrms or lower) and low tranverse emittance; so it is necessary to cool ions produced by a spallation source of a factor from 5 to 10. In a radiofrequency (rf) quadrupole cooler (RFQC), collisions decrease ion kinetic energy, while rf and bias voltages confine...
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Laurent MAUNOURY (CNRS)21/09/2021, 07:35Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The charge breeder of the SPIRAL1 (SP1CB) facility provided this year to physicists with new Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) showing significantly improved performances. They were obtained thanks to studies conducted off-line with 1+ ion produced by FEBIAD and ECR ion sources. The SP1CB established its capability to boost efficiently condensable elements such as $^{19}\textsf{Fn}$+,...
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Janilee Benitez (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)21/09/2021, 07:55Beam extraction, transport, and diagnosticsInvited Oral
Though known for their production of high currents of highly-charged ion beams, advanced electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources like VENUS at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) also generate significant numbers of x-rays. The LBNL ECR ion source group has spent many years studying the x-rays emitted from VENUS in order to gain a better understanding of the ECR plasma. Based...
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Mr Sergey Vybin (IAP RAS)21/09/2021, 08:25Beam extraction, transport, and diagnosticsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
A new ECR ion source extraction system has been designed. The design is based on the extraction conditions of the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS, and its performance is compared to the existing extractor. The new design aims to improve the beam formation and beam quality of high intensity ion beams.
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The plasma and the puller electrodes shape was changed. The plasma electrode has a narrow tip extruding... -
Alexey Boytsov (Joint Institute For Nuclear Research, Russia, Dubna)22/09/2021, 05:25Production of highly charged ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Tubular Electron String Ion Source(TESIS) is being developed to significantly increase ion output. Tubular electron beam is generated in electron string mode. Such configuration should make it possible to increase the electron trap capacity and, accordingly, the ion output.
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Numerical results of modeling the motion of the beam for the design of electron optics are carried out. The experimental... -
Takeshi Kanesue22/09/2021, 05:45Production of highly charged ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
LION is a laser ion source to provide singly charged heavy ions of various species for RHIC-EBIS. Ion beams are used for RHIC physics experiments and for NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) quasi-simultaneously. The demands for beams are growing and more and more ion species are used due to unique capability of the sources. Ion species can be switched on a pulse-by-pulse basis not affected...
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Sergey Kondrashev (BNL)22/09/2021, 06:05Production of highly charged ion beamsInvited Oral
Ps-lasers have advantages for generation of low charge state ions compared to ns-lasers because the influence of heat conductivity on a solid target is negligible in the case of ps-laser ablation for laser pulse durations shorter than 10 ps. By using a laser with high rep-rate, it is possible to produce quasi continuous 1+ ion beams for periods up to tens of milliseconds, making it possible to...
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Christian Wimmer (Max-Planck-Inst. f. Plasmaphysik)22/09/2021, 06:50Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The BATMAN Upgrade (BUG) test facility at IPP is contributing to the development of RF-driven H$^–$ sources towards the ITER neutral beam injection and beyond. BUG is equipped with an 1/8 size of the ITER NBI ion source and thus is highly flexible for setup changes or diagnostic access. The present strategy for BUG is aligned along two paths: (i) BUG is continued upgrading for long pulse...
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emanuele sartori (unipd)22/09/2021, 07:10Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The negative-ion beam source SPIDER, which is the full-scale prototype source for the ITER neutral beam injector, recently started the operation with caesium.
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This experimental phase follows three years of volume operation, devoted to the commissioning of the plants and to the integrated test of the ion source and accelerator. The ion source, composed of eight RF drivers connected to a large... -
Ursel Fantz (Max-Planck-Institut for Plasma Physics)22/09/2021, 07:30Ion sources for fusionInvited Oral
ITER’s neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are based on generation of negative hydrogen ions in a caesiated RF-driven ion source, their electrostatic acceleration and neutralisation in a hydrogen gas target. The large ion source (0.9 m×1.9 m) with 1280 apertures has to deliver 57 A D− for 3600 s (286 A/m2) and 66 A H− for 1000 s (329 A/m2). The RF ion source test facilities ELISE and BUG at...
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Dr Stefan Briefi (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik)22/09/2021, 08:00Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The plasma in RF driven negative hydrogen ion sources is sustained via inductive coupling with large power levels of up to 100 kW and low frequencies around 1 MHz. This leads to currents of around 100 A flowing over the RF coil and corresponding voltages in the kV range. The associated risk of arcing limits the reliability of the whole ion source. The required power level can be reduced via...
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Dr Sung-Ryul Huh (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)22/09/2021, 08:35Negative ion sourcesInvited Oral
KAERI has recently developed a novel hydrogen ion source system for fusion and particle accelerator applications. The main feature of this system is the use of source pulsing based on the volume production mechanism to improve the efficiency. The pulsing is a method of modulating plasma power and so the electron energy, providing a favorable condition (the after-glow) for negative ion...
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Katsuya Hayashi22/09/2021, 09:05Negative ion sourcesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The shape of a negative ion emitting surface (plasma meniscus) near the extraction aperture is important for the beam quality of the H$^-$ ion beams from H- ion sources. A lot of H$^-$ surface-production cause the ion-ion sheath, which can affect meniscus shape. In this study, effects of H$^-$ surface-production and the ion-ion sheath structure on the meniscus are numerically investigated by...
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Baoxi Han (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)22/09/2021, 09:25Negative ion sourcesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the world most powerful accelerator driven pulsed neutron source. A H- injector feeds the accelerator with the required high current (>50 mA) time structured (1ms, 60 Hz) H- beam. The injector consists of an RF-driven, Cs-enhanced H- ion source and an electrostatic low energy beam transport...
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Collin Tiessen (Andre E. Lalonde Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lab)22/09/2021, 10:00Negative ion sourcesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive technique used for the analysis of long-lived radioisotopes. Such measurements are useful in geology, archeology, environmental tracer studies, nuclear waste monitoring, and nuclear forensics. The cesium-sputter negative-ion source acts as a sample injector and, in the cases of carbon-14, aluminum-26, and iodine-129, an isobar...
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Jean-Francois Alary (Isobarex Corp.)22/09/2021, 10:20Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Two-dimensional Radiofrequency Quadrupole (RFQ) ion guides are versatile tools that are used over a wide range of ion energies. Properly tuned, they can provide an ideal environment for ion-molecule chemistry to proceed by allowing thermalized ions to react on-line with gaseous reactants. We exploit this capability in the Ion Reaction Cell (IRC), an RFQ-based system designed to form...
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Jochen Ballof (CERN)22/09/2021, 10:40Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The thick-target ISOL (Isotope mass Separation OnLine) method provides beams of more than 1000 radionuclides of 74 elements. The method is well established for elements with sufficiently high volatility at up to ca. 2000 C. To extract elements with high melting or boiling points, the formation of a volatile molecule is required. While successful in some cases (e.g. carbon or boron), most of...
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Fredrik John Carl Wenander (CERN)23/09/2021, 07:10Key Technologies for Ion SourcesInvited Oral
The CERN accelerator complex is served by several different types of hadron sources, producing both high- and low-intensity negative H- beams, highly charged positive stable ions, but also transforming low-charge radioactive ions to higher charges before post-acceleration. Apart from the operational sources, research and development is carried out at dedicated test stands for H- production and...
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Dr Alessio Galatà (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)23/09/2021, 07:40Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The ADIGE (Acceleratore Di Ioni a Grande carica Esotici) injector consists of an electrostatic 1+ beam line, equipped with ion sources able to produce a wide variety of beams, coupled to a magnetic beam line, where charge multiplication is accomplished by implementing an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) based charge breeder. The injector is totally integrated in the SPES (Selective...
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Wei Huang (Institute of Modern Physics)23/09/2021, 08:00Production of high intensity ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Highly charged ion sources play an important role in the advancement of heavy-ion accelerators worldwide. Driven by the needs of 100 µs to ms pulsed highly-charged heavy ions for new and existing accelerators, the conceptual design of an Ion Trap for high-Intensity Pulsed beams (ITRIP) was proposed and the proof of principle test has been taken at IMP. The ITRIP is designed to accumulate and...
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Vincenzo Variale (Universita e INFN, Bari (IT))23/09/2021, 08:35Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Energy recovery of residual ions may be needed to increase the energy efficiency of Neutral Beam (NB) injectors for fusion plants as DEMO while a deflection-based system has been proposed up to now to dump residual ions. As an alternative, a compact beam energy recovery system, based on space charge effects due to the residual ion deceleration into 2 Farady Cups (FC) with holes for D0 passage,...
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Glynnis Mae Saquilayan (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Te)23/09/2021, 08:55Negative ion sourcesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
This paper reports the first emittance measurement of the 160 MW/m2 high power density negative ion beam at target perveance condition of the ITER accelerator. Previously, the ITER requirement on grid heatloads at <5\% of the total acceleration power has been achieved but the aperture edges has been damaged limiting long pulse acceleration. To solve this issue, thermal imaging on 1D-CFC tiles...
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yahong xie (chinese academy of sciences)23/09/2021, 09:15Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
A radio frequency (RF) based negative ion source was designed for the The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) NNBI system. In order to understand the physics and pre-study the engineering problems, a prototype source with single driver and a three electrons accelerator was designed and developed. Furthermore, a negative ion source test facility were developed in the...
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Giuseppe Torrisi (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)23/09/2021, 09:50Production of highly charged ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
One possible way to optimize microwave coupling and plasma confinement in ECR Ion Sources is a revolutionary design strategy of plasma chambers, breaking the cylindrical symmetry. This contribution reports about the design and numerical validation of an innovative resonant cavity playing as plasma chamber of ECR ion sources. The new chamber, named IRIS (Innovative Resonators for Ion...
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Dr Wang Lu23/09/2021, 10:10Key Technologies for Ion SourcesInvited Oral
A 4th generation ECR ion source FECR is under development at IMP. Aiming to be operated with the microwave power of 20 kW at 45 GHz, FECR is equipped with a fully superconducting Nb3Sn magnet and conventional parts durable for high power ECR plasma heating and optimum for intense beam production and extraction. Breakthroughs on the Nb3Sn superconducting magnet, high power density plasma...
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Thomas ANDRE (CNRS-LPSC)23/09/2021, 10:40Production of high intensity ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
SEISM is a unique ECR ion source operating at a frequency of $60~\textsf{GHz}$. The prototype is based on a simple magnetic geometry, the CUSP, allowing the use of polyhelix coils (developed with LNCMI, Grenoble) to generate the closed ECR surface at $2.1~\textsf{T}$. The plasma is sustained by a high intensity HF pulse (up to $300~\textsf{kW}$). Previous experiments at LNCMI have successfully...
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Dr Aleksey Adonin (GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH)24/09/2021, 05:00Production of high intensity ion beamsInvited Oral
The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), which is currently under construction at GSI accelerator center (Darmstadt, Germany), will provide wide opportunities for various scientific research programs in different branches. One of the key-elements for future FAIR experiments is uranium. After a commissioning phase it will be required up to 5∙1011 of U28+ ions per pulse at...
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Jiaqing Li24/09/2021, 05:30Applications and related technologiesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
LAPECR3 ion source had been developed as the ion injector of Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) accelerator facility since 2009 year. The first HIMM demo facility was built in Wuwei city in 2015, and the facility had been officially licensed to treat patients in early 2020. More than 300 patients have been treated after about one year. In order to further improve the reliability of LAPECR3 ion...
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Daniel Xie (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)24/09/2021, 05:50Production of highly charged ion beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
In addition to the ongoing investigation of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by energetic electrons in the superconducting ECR ion source VENUS, the LBNL ion source group has pursued several other research topics since 2015 to explore potential advancements of ECR ion sources. Three of these activities are investigations into the benefits of non-cylindrical plasma chambers, the development of...
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Julien ANGOT (CNRS)24/09/2021, 06:10Radioactive ion beams, charge breeders and polarized beamsParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Four models of the PHOENIX ECR charge breeders were manufactured for ISOL application. Two are currently under operation at TRIUMF (ISAC) and GANIL (SPIRAL 1) while the SPES one is being installed on the facility. The last model is set on the LPSC 1+n+ test bench where a R&D program is ongoing to improve its performances. The last modifications consisted in improving the beam line vacuum and...
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Olli Tarvainen (STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)24/09/2021, 06:45Negative ion sourcesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The ISIS Penning ion source is a cesiated pulsed DC discharge surface plasma source delivering 55 mA beam of H$^-$ ions in 250 μs pulses at 50 Hz pulse repetition rate. The constant H$^-$ output, i.e. <5% change, at constant discharge current implies that the cathode work function remains nearly unchanged during the beam current pulse in a wide range of cesium pressures and electrode...
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Dr Scott Lawrie (UKRI/STFC/RAL)24/09/2021, 07:05Negative ion sourcesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
A high power, high duty cycle, negative hydrogen ion source is in development at ISIS. It will operate in pure volume-production mode and is driven by a 6½-turn solenoid antenna mounted external to the plasma chamber. A solid-state amplifier with a maximum output of 100 kW in 50 Hz, 1 ms pulses delivers RF power to the antenna via an impedance-matching network. The amplifier has a relatively...
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Robert Welton (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)24/09/2021, 07:25Negative ion sourcesInvited Oral
High brightness, negative hydrogen ion sources are used extensively in many scientific facilities operating worldwide. Negative hydrogen beams have become the preferred means of filling circular accelerators and storage rings. Several facilities now have long-term (>several years) experience with operating a variety of these sources (RF, filament, magnetron and penning) and have encountered,...
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Weidong Chen (Institute of high engery physics, Chinese academy of sciences.)24/09/2021, 07:55Negative ion sourcesParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
An RF driven negative hydrogen source is under development for the upgrade of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), which requires an H$^-$ beam current more than 50 mA, and a duty factor of 1.5%$\sim$2%. The ion source produces an H$^-$ beam of 20 mA without cesium injection. After it is cesiated, more than 60 mA H$^-$ beam is extracted. The emittance of the ion beam is measured both with a...
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Dr Katsunori Ikeda (National Institute for Fusion Science)24/09/2021, 08:30Ion sources for fusionInvited Oral
Improvement of the performance on a hydrogen/deuterium negative ion source for a nuclear fusion device are reported. In particular, the suppression of the co-extracted electron current, $I_{e}$, is an important issue to ensure the stable beam acceleration. Improvement of the $I_{e}$ has been confirmed by optimizing the magnetic field of the electron deflection magnet in the extraction grid....
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Dr Masashi Kisaki (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Te)24/09/2021, 09:00Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
The hollow meniscus shape in the multi-stage MeV-class accelerator for ITER was identified for the first time by the reverse trajectory calculation with the measured emittance. The molten traces due to the power deposition of the negative ion beam, which was not predicted by conventional particle tracking codes, were observed on the edge of a grounded grid after long pulse operation in a...
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Dr Oleg Sotnikov (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics )24/09/2021, 09:20Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
A high-voltage neutral beam injector, based on the acceleration of a negative hydrogen ion beam is under construction at the Institute of Nuclear Physics [1]. In contrast to the traditional scheme of the multiaperture negative ion source attached to the multiaperture accelerator tube it uses an original scheme with the single-aperture accelerator spaced apart from the multiaperture ion source....
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Alessandro Mimo (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik)24/09/2021, 09:40Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Negative ion sources for neutral beam injection rely on surface production of negative ions on a caesiated low work-function surface (plasma grid). To maintain the low work function in long pulses (one hour) and the desired source performance (extracted H-/D- ions and limited co-extracted electrons), Cs needs to be constantly delivered onto the plasma grid. The CsFlow3D code was applied to the...
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Mr Taiga Hamajima (Nagoya University)24/09/2021, 10:00Ion sources for fusionParallel Session (Contributed Oral) talk
Optimization for beam focusing of negative ions is one of the important issues for developing neutral beam injector (NBI) for ITER. Low beam divergence less than 5 mrad has been realized with Filament-Arc (FA) type negative ion sources. On the other hand, the divergence with Radiofrequency (RF) type sources is over 2 times larger than that obtained with FA sources, and the ITER requirement on...
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Yuguo Liu (Institute of Modern Physics)
Continuous wave (CW) ion beam power of 170 kW has been recently demonstrated with the Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) linac CAFe at IMP. A 2.45 GHz microwave ion source was used as the beam injector at the warm front end. For the stable operation at such a beam power, total extraction beam current of more than 25 mA was delivered at the beam energy of 20 keV according to the design...
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Li Lei (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
To simulate the non-linear evolution in ECRIS more accurately, Particle-in-cell (PIC) method is preferred as it takes both plasma collective feedbacks and particle kinetic effects into account. To ensure the convergence of PIC simulation, a set of rigorous stability conditions must be satisfied. It will be agreed that achieving an ECRIS simulation from the start-up to a stable CW operation is...
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Peng Chen (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)
Faraday shield(FS) is a metallic shield with slits through which electromagnetic energy is coupled into cylindrical ICP sources. Thus, the effect of FS on the RF power coupling is important to the RF ion sources for fusion[1-2]. Based on the electromagnetic models considering only plasma[3] or FS[4], a 2D model considering both FS and plasma is proposed in this contribution. A long copper FS...
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Bing Tang (China Institute of Atomic Energy)
This paper introduces the development of a compact high-yield DD neutron generator in China Institute of Atomic Energy. The generator uses a 2.45 GHz high current ECR ion source to generate a 10 mA D beam. The experimental results show that the 200 keV beam energy can be reached. A copper drive-in target structure with water-cooled is adopted. The target surface does not need to be charged...
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Loyd Waites (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
The RadioFrequency Quadrupole Direct Injection Project (RFQ-DIP) uses a filament-driven multicusp ion source to produce H2+. A Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) injects the beam from the ion source into the RFQ. The LEBT shapes the beam to the optimum input Twiss parameters for transmission through the RFQ while minimizing the emittance. The LEBT system has been designed...
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Mark Andrew Johnson (University of Manchester (GB))
The CERN ALPHA experiment makes precision measurements of antihydrogen atoms, confined in a superconducting magnetic minimum trap. Recent measurements of the antihydrogen spectrum have already provided high-resolution tests of fundamental symmetries, and ALPHA has now embarked on an ambitious upgrade programme aimed at directly comparing both hydrogen and antihydrogen within their existing...
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zehua jia (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
$^{39}$Ar is a dispensable isotope in the research of climate and geology change of the earth with water or glacier dating in the range of 50~1000 years. But the very low abundance of 39Ar in the sample has made this technology hard to be widely used. We have successful developed a $^{39}$Ar enrichment system that can enhance the abundance of $^{39}$Ar in the enriched sample by a factor of...
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Dr Helen Barminova (NRNU MEPhI, RUDN University)
Behavior of an electron beam with elliptical cross-section in longitudinal magnetic field is studied. This study may be important to predict the conditions of the ion beam formation in the ion sources like EBIS and ISIS with electron beams shaped as elliptical. The coupling of the particle oscillations in the solenoids changes the beam characteristics that may affect the area of the ion...
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Dr Helen Barminova (NRNU MEPhI, RUDN University)
Dynamics of an axial-symmetric electron beam moving in a rarefied plasma is investigated analytically. The model based on Kapchinsky-Vladimirsky approach is applied, which is valid up to the beam currents near Alfven limit. In approximation of a quasi-neutral regime the nonlinear equation for the beam radius is solved, the results of its numerical integration are presented. The conditions of...
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Fernando Maldonado (University of Victoria/TRIUMF)
At TRIUMF, 1+ Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) of noble gases, halogens, and molecules are created using a Forced Electron Beam Induced Arc Discharge (FEBIAD) ion source. Reported ionization efficiencies for FEBIADs at other facilities range from 10% to 25% for 40Ar+, while TRIUMF-FEBIAD ionization efficiency is $<$ 1% with an emittance $<$ 15 um. As RIB ion sources aim for a high ionization...
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Junichi Hiratsuka (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology)
Major issue toward stable and high power negative ion beams for ITER and JT-60SA is that a meniscus shape which dominates the negative ion beam trajectory is not sufficiently understood, and consequently, power deposition has not been correctly simulated. As a challenge to understand the meniscus inside an aperture with 14 mm in diameter, a laser Thomson scattering system, which has been...
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Kenichi Nagaoka (National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan)
Beam focusing is an important issue for application of negative ion beams. In particular, the beam focusing of RF type negative ion source for ITER has been intensively studied. Recently, the plasma fluctuation in the negative ion source is recognized to be able to affect the beam focusing.
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In this study, the sheath stability was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is found... -
Jacques Lettry (CERN)
CERN’s H- Ion source is being operated at the new 160 MeV linear injector of CERN’s accelerator complex. The source’s plasma is of the RF-ICP type without magnetic cusp and runs under Cs-loss compensations. Filter- and e-dump magnetic fields generate a horizontal asymmetry. The H- beam is generated via volume and caesiated plasma surface modes, the latter inducing a radial current density...
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Pierre Salou (Cimap)
Focused Ion Beam (FIB) column is an optical instrument that allows the production of ion beams with spots size down to few tens of nanometers. FIB is today an essential technology used for micromachining as well as microscopy. The resolution of the FIB is driven by the ion source properties, brightness, energy spread and angular density and also by aberrations induced by optical elements of...
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Suresh Saminathan (TRIUMF)
TRIUMF’s 500 MeV cyclotron has been fed by an arc discharge H$^-$ ion source developed in-house 30 years ago. Since then, the existing rare isotope facility ISAC and the new rare isotope facility ARIEL in TRIUMF have required more and more proton beam current from the cyclotron. To satisfy the growing intensity of proton beams from cyclotron, the ion source beam current and brightness needed...
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Ms Shweta Sharma (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016,India)
Hydrogen plasma characterization was carried out in a large volume (dia~ 1.0 m, h~ 1.0 m) plasma chamber to evaluate efficacy of production of uniform, large-area H- beam for fusion applications. Up to seven Compact ECR Plasma Sources (CEPS; Indian Patent #301583, Patentee: IIT Delhi) can be mounted on the top dome of the chamber (one in center and six on a ~60 cm dia circle). Axially poled...
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Dr matteo agostini (Consorzio RFX)
The optics of the negative ion beam of SPIDER experiment is characterized by studying the width of the accelerated beamlets when varying the experimental conditions. The beam, which is composed by many beamlets, is observed by 15 visible cameras, and a multi-Gaussian fit of their profiles provides the width, the position and the intensity of the different beamlets, giving a spatial profile...
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Timur Kulevoy (ITEP)
The simulation experiments for investigation of reactor material resistance are ongoing at heavy ion linear accelerator HIPr in Institute for theoretical and experimental physics (ITEP – NRC “Kurchatov institute”). The helium accumulation in reactor materials can be simulated by implantation helium ions in the location of damages generated by the heavy ion beam. The $^3\textsf{He}_2$+ beam...
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Tetsuhiko Yorita (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University)
For simple applications, such as the calibration of a charged particle detector, a multi-MeV proton generator may be preferable to cyclotrons or electrostatic accelerators such as Van de Graaff generator. Thus, a compact proton generating system, consisting of NANOGAN$^\textsf{TM}$ and a deuterated polyethylene target, was developed at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics at Osaka...
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Haruhisa Nakano (National Institute for Fusion Science)
A study of hydrogen isotope effects on the negative ion source supports to development of the deuterium negative ion source based on the hydrogen negative ion source for the neutral beam injector. Comparison experiments between hydrogen and deuterium have been performed with the NIFS-RNIS on the NIFS-NBTS where low voltage can be applied on the extraction grid (extraction grid bias) in...
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Masayuki Muramatsu (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology)
The multi-ion radiotherapy with dose distribution and Liner Energy Transfer optimization is being studied at QST. Helium, carbon, oxygen and neon ions are considered as ion species for multi-ion therapy. Requirement values of beam current were 940 µA correspond to He$^2$+, 290 µA to C$^4$+, 330 µA to O$^6$+, and 245 µA to Ne7+, respectively. We performed some beam tests for design of a new...
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Timur Kulevoy (ITEP)
Experiments on irradiation of high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) materials simulating the results of radiation exposure are carried out at ITEP at the HIPr accelerator. Samples of HTSC are irradiated by a copper ion beam generated by metal vapor vacuum-arc (MEVVA) ion source and accelerated to an energy of 6.4 MeV. The results of experiments give unique information on the radiation...
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Koichi Sato (Osaka Univ.)
At present it is necessary the satellite lifetime 10-15 years for operate in space. Xenon is used as fuel for ion engines of satellites. There are problems of accumulated damages at irradiation and sputtering by low energy Xe ion from the engine. It is required to construct experimentally sputtering yield of ion beams in the low energy region from several hundred eV to 1keV. We are trying to...
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Maria Mazzaglia (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)
A new source for the TANDEM accelerator of LNS has been designed and installed. It is called NESTOR (Noble Elements Source for acceleraTORs) and consists of an ultra-compact ECR ion source operating at about 6 GHz, up to 40 W of RF power provided by a solid state power amplifier, coupled to a Li-Charge Exchange Cell (Li-CEC). It is engineered for the production of a wide range of $1^+$ and/or...
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Bing Tang (China Institute of Atomic Energy)
High resolution of mass separation is important to the radioactive isotopes on-line separation facilities. This specification often implies that energy desperation and emittance of beams are small. A method by buffer gas collisions under Radio Frequency Quadrupole RFQ to improve beam quality is a feasible way for radioactive ion beams. Due to the requirements of RIB’s high resolution mass...
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Sophie Hurier (KU Leuven, SCK-CEN)
MYRRHA is the world’s first large-scale Accelerator Driven System project at power levels scalable to industrial systems. ISOL@MYRRHA will produce Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) with the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique, with production increase by high intensity primary beams on long period while aiming at keeping the secondary beam quality.
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Higher flux prevalently affects... -
Yongjian Xu
Neutral beam injection is one of the main auxiliary heating methods in Tokamak nuclear fusion device. At present, the calorimeter with thermocouples is used for beam diagnostics, but it can not meet the requirement of high-precision real-time measurement of NBI system at Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) under long pulse operation in the future. In order to meet the...
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Vadim Skalyga (IAP RAS)
Project of the proton accelerator-driven compact neutron source DARIA(Dedicated for Academic Research and Industrial Application) is developed in order to replace small and middle flux neutron sources based on the nuclear reactors. DARIA has a uniquely high ratio of efficiency to cost due to deep optimization of each key element of the system (proton injector and accelerator, target, neutron...
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Timur Kulevoy (ITEP)
The ion source based on rep-rate pulsed high power CO2 laser is described. Principle scheme and output characteristics of the laser system are presented in the paper. Laser power density at illuminated target and possibilities of generating multicharged ions from elements of different mass are estimated.
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vadim dudnikov (Muons, Inc)
By now, the fluxes of accelerated negative ions of steel an indispensable tool for accelerators, plasma physics, solid state physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, important areas of new technique and technology. It arouses increased interest to the development of intensive sources of these particles.
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The cesiation effect - a significant increase in the emission of negative ions from the... -
Mr Tsun Him Chong (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University)
A new High-Temperature Superconducting ECR (HTS-ECR) ion source is under development in Research Center for Nuclear Physics(RCNP), Osaka University, for production of high intensity proton, deuteron and helium ion beams. The HTS-ECR magnets are composed of three solenoid coils and a set of sextuple coils made of REBCO high-temperature superconductor. The HTS-ECR ion source was designed to...
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Shota Ikeda (RIKEN RAP NBTT)
At RIKEN, a transportable accelerator compact neutron source (RANS-III) is under development for non-destructive inspection of the degradation of old concrete and reinforcing steel on site. RANS-III is applied to bridges and other structures. The 500 MHz radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator (linac) used as a RANS-Ⅲ accelerator. As a proton ion source for RANS-III, we developed a...
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Yasuyuki Morita (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University)
In the ion source, various factors such as the plasma state, the current of the beam transport electromagnet, etc. influence each other. Therefore, when operating the ion source, it is necessary to adjust various parameters such as RF power, gas flow, current of the electromagnet on the beamline, etc. each time. At present, it is difficult to control the plasma state accurately, and this...
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Shunsuke Ikeda
An upgrade of the electron beam ion source, called ExtendedEBIS, is under progress at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The ExtendedEBIS has two superconducting solenoids in series to transport the electron beam. We develop an electron beam detector installed between the solenoids. The detector is two-sided. Each side has 4 quadrant plates with an aperture slightly larger than the electron beam...
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Mr Bharat Singh Rawat (Homi Bhabha National Institute and Institute for Plasma Research)
Experiments have been performed to study the effects of axial magnetic field on plasma and ion beam parameters in a magnetic multipole line cusp ion source. Studies performed on ring cusp and Kaufmann type ion sources suggest that the axial component of magnetic field helps in improving the ion extraction current at low discharge power. The line cusps ion sources have been used since long to...
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Mr Hiroki Kaminaga (Tokai university)
TPDsheet-U[1] has been designed to research behaviors of the negative hydrogen ions (H${^−}$) in the high-density sheet-plasma, which is optimized for volume production. Also, H${^−}$ is produced by volume production at periphery of sheet plasma.[2] The reduction of the electron co-extraction is an essential issue for all negative-ion sources. We are currently researching the extraction system...
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Alexander Pikin (Centro de Investigaciones Energéti cas Medioambientales y Tecno), Fredrik John Carl Wenander (CERN)
The existing MEDeGUN Brillouin-type electron gun at the TwinEBIS test bench is, according to Herrmann theory, capable of producing an electron beam with a current density of 3850 A/cm2 in the 2 T solenoid. To control the electron beam current density and the magnetic flux inside the beam, the existing electron gun - now using purely electrostatic focusing - can be modified by permitting...
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Takanori Shibata (J-PARC/KEK)
In the J-PARC user operation from Nov. 2020 – Apr. 2021, continuous operation up to 3,651 hours of J-PARC RF (Radio Frequency) negative hydrogen ion (H-) source has been achieved. The ion source was operated with the output H- current of 60 mA. After the operation, phase space diagrams at the end of LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport), which corresponds to RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole)...
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Sami Kosonen (University of Jyväskylä)
One dimensional Child-Langmuir (C-L) law is commonly used in ion source physics to describe space charge limited ion extraction from the plasma. However, C-L law is not strictly valid for plasma ion sources as the emission surface is dynamically changing plasma meniscus, not a fixed planar electrode. The applicability of the recently developed 3D C-L law to positive ion extraction from...
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Dr Masayuki Muramatsu (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology)
Several research and developments have been performed at a compact ECR ion source (Kei3) with a fixed magnetic field for high-energy carbon-ion radiotherapy. In order to improve the beam current of multiply charged ions such as the neon and the argon, the two microwave frequency heating method was tested. Microwaves are introduced from the vacuum box on the upstream side of the plasma chamber...
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Jibo Li (IMP, CAS)
To investigate the trigger mechanism of electron cyclotron instabilities in highly charged electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS), the microwave emission, wall bremsstrahlung and beam current signals were synchronously measured on SECRAL-II (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou No. II) ion source with various magnetic field configurations. The experimental...
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Palak Jain
SPIDER experiment includes an RF inductively coupled plasma source working at 0.3Pa of gas pressure (H/D) where plasma is generated and heated by 8 RF drivers, fed by 4 RF circuits. A single RF circuit is composed of 2 driver connected in series, attached to a capacitive matching network, fed by 200 kW 1 MHz RF oscillator through a coaxial transmission line. The knowledge of driver impedance...
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Ms Maria Mitrou (High Voltage Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, Rion-Patras 265 04, Greece)
The electrostatic probe-based photodetachment technique with one or two laser beams can provide insight on the negative ion absolute densities or even dynamics, respectively, in electronegative plasmas. In this work, this diagnostic is installed in the ECR-driven (2.45 GHz) source “Prometheus I” and numerous details of the setup design along with the underlying physics are discussed for its...
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Richard Scrivens (CERN)
The GTS-LHC 14.5 GHz ECR ion source provides the ion beam, which after acceleration in the ion injector complex, is injected into the LHC, or sent to fixed target experiments at CERN. Several experiments have been performed on the source. A moveable extraction system has been installed to allow adjustment of the electric field at the source extraction; the stainless-steel plasma chamber has...
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Luca Bellan (INFN-LNL)
The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is a high intensity D+ linear accelerator; demonstrator of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). In summer 2019 the IFMIF/EVEDA Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerated its nominal 125 mA deuteron (D+) beam current up to 5 MeV, with 90% transmission for pulses of 1 ms at 1 Hz. This success was possible thanks to an...
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Dr Hyock-Jun Son (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University)
The ReA post-accelerator of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory employs an Electron-Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) as a charge breeder to reaccelerate rare-isotope beams to several MeV/u. The Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams (FRIB) is near completion and will provide RIB rates expected to exceed in some cases 10$^{10}$ particles/s. The ReA EBIT operates with an electron current of 300 – 600...
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Dr Kazumasa Takahashi (Nagaoka University of Technology)
The supply of high-flux proton and carbon ions are required for applications such as accelerator-driven neutron sources and heavy ion radiotherapy. So far, it is shown that a laser ion sources using the target of plastics made of hydrocarbons can provide protons and carbon ions. On the other hand, due to the damege of the target by laser irradiation, it is necessary to change the laser...
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Ms Maria Mitrou (High Voltage Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, Rion-Patras 265 04, Greece)
The ECR negative ion source “Prometheus I” is operated either with high purity H$_2$ ($>$ 99.999\%) or $D_2$ $>$ 99.8\%) in order to probe H$^-$ and D$^-$ ions, respectively, and examine the effect of the isotope upon their production. These ions are predominantly formed in the plasma bulk by dissociative attachment of low-energy (cold) electrons to highly ro-vibrationally excited molecules...
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Anand George (University of Auckland)
Ion beam extraction simulation codes like IBSimu use approximative models for predicting the size and location of the plasma sheath inside an ion source. The plasma sheath has a strong focusing effect in the formation of an ion beam from the plasma. Emittance of the extracted beam depends on the shape and location of the plasma sheath inside the ion source. In the present study, the variation...
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QianYu Jin
A compact radio frequency (RF) driven ion source has been developed to produce negative oxygen ion beams for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) application. The RF ion source operates in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mode and RF power is coupled into discharge chamber by a capacitive auto-matching network. A 3.5 turns water-cooled planar antenna made of 4 mm copper tube is used to...
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Cheng Qian (Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences )
At present,the ECR ion source is developing towards higher frequency,higher magnetic field technologies.However,18 GHz is the highest optimal operation microwave frequency for room temperature ECR ion sources,which can meet the needs of most of the existing heavy ion facilities.After the success of the 18 GHz ECR ion source LECR4,we developed the upgraded version source LECR5 aiming for higher...
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Katsuhiro Shinto (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
In most of proton accelerator facilities, H- ion sources with driving 2-MHz RF amplifiers for plasma production generate high-intensity H- beams. Because of the high plasma density in the ion source, the potential of the sheath adjacent to the plasma electrode may be oscillated with the RF driving frequency. We showed a low frequency oscillation of the beam current (AIP CP, 2011, 080016...
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Mr Joseph Adegun (TRIUMF)
An Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source is used as the charge state booster at the Isotope Separator and Accelerator facility of TRIUMF. Since its commissioning in 2010, the modified 14.5 GHz PHOENIX booster has been used to charge breed radioactive ions ranging from potassium to erbium operating in single-frequency heating mode. Under this regime, the efficiency of the booster was measured...
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Mr Vincent Bosquet (GANIL)
Several ISOL facilities are using the FEBIAD ion source to produce a large variety of radioactive ion beams. SPIRAL1 at GANIL has been using this source coupled with a carbon target for 8 years with issues regarding ionization efficiency, stability and operating time. Conclusions of in-depth tests and analysis of the target and ion source system conducted in 2020 are reported. They show that...
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Dr Akira UENO (J-PARC/JAEA)
For the stable J-PARC operation, it is important for the J-PARC Cesiated RF-Driven Hˉ Ion Source to produce the stable beam with the same superior quality, such as the small transverse emittances. Only three plasma chambers so called #7, #8 and #9 among 11 chambers are being used for the J-PARC operation, since their beam qualities are more superior than those of others. However, the...
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lixuan Li (IMP)
High intensity afterglow beams have been produced with SECRAL-II ion source under double frequency heating (24 + 18 GHz) recently. At a total microwave heating power of up to 8 kW, high intensity ion beams such as 266 eμA of Xe34+ and 169 eμA of Xe38+ have been produced. In this experiment, we have tried high power double frequency heating, and also changing of the temporal synchronization...
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Y. Zhou (Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)
For focused ion beam applied to secondary ion mass spectrometry,reduced brightness related to beam current,beam size and energy spread is a key parameter to evaluate beam quality.An ion beam size measurement device with knife-edge sweeping method aimed to measure the diameter of 10μm scale has been developed.The device enables to measure beam current changes as a function of knife-edge...
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Timur Kulevoy (ITEP)
Linear accelerator I-3 at Institute for theoretical and experimental physics (ITEP) consists of a buncher, two-gap 2 MV accelerating cavity and a beam transport line. Laser ion source is used to generate ions for the linac. The ion source is based on pulsed CO2 laser setup with radiation-flux density of 1011 W/cm2 at the target surface. Beam of carbon ions with energy of ~9 MeV was used to...
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Ruohong Li (TRIUMF)
Using collinear optical pumping technique, the laser-nuclear-polarization beam facility at TRIUMF-ISAC has successfully provided highly polarized radioactive isotope beams, such as $^{8}$Li and $^{31}$Mg, to study material science, biochemistry, nuclear physics, and fundamental symmetries. An overview of the polarizer facility will be presented. The system upgrade and future development plan...
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Kazuki Tsuda (Osaka Univ.)
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) has wide applications such as cancer therapy and material synthesis. We have constructed a single ECRIS capable of producing various ions with low to high mass/charge ratio, and have been conducting various experiments. In this study, we focus on the efficient production of multicharged ions and aim at increase their ion beam currents by the new...
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Issei Owada (Osaka Univ.)
Electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) has been constructed for producing various ion beams (e.g. iron-endohedral fullerene) in Osaka Univ. We hope that it can become a universal source capable for producing ions with wide range of mass/charge ratio (m/q). Low-voltage extraction is required for ions with large m/q ratio and we investigated the beam characteristics at low extraction...
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Aleksandr Andreev (GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung)
In order to increase intensities and charge states of available ion species, a new room-temperature ECR Ion Source (ECRIS) operating at 18 GHz is currently under development at GSI. The new ECRIS is based on a Heavy Ion Ion Source Injector (HIISI), developed at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL), and features three normal conducting coils and a permanent magnet hexapole...
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Mr James Edward Hernandez II (Doshisha University)
Characteristics of ions in the laser plasma depend mainly on laser parameters as well as the background environment. Confinement of the plume promotes collisions within the plasma. When the target is repeatedly ablated at the same region, the target forms a hole. When the plasma production is initiated in the deep cavity, the expansion of the plasma plume is effectively constrained. Ion...
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Shengjin Liu
High current beam is required for CSNS update in future. Over 50 mA H$^-$ will be designed to deliver to linac in CSNS II. For the present state of CSNS ion source, the beam emittance cannot satisfy the requirement of RFQ entrance when the beam current increase to 50 mA. In order to optimize the beam, CSNS ion source needs to improve further. Simulation shows that when the beam transfers...
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Olivier BAJEAT (CNRS)
A new resistive oven dedicated to the production of metal ion beams using ECR ion sources has been developed at GANIL [1]. It aims to produce beams such as $^{58}$Niq+, $^{50}$Tiq+, $^{50}$V q+ or $^{238}$U q+ with ECR4 ion source on cyclotrons injectors and with Phoenix V3 ion source on Spiral 2 facility. Typical intensity about 1.2E13 pps is requested for the Super Separator Spectrometer...
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Pierre Delahaye (GANIL)
We present here the modelling of the concept of Self Confining Radioactive Ion Target (SCRIT) [1] using an approach similar to what is traditionally applied for the evolution of charge state population in Electron Beam Ion Sources [2]. Critical parameters in this modelling have been found to be:
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- the charge breeding cross sections, not well known at the high electron beam energies used for... -
Mr Dmitrii Rassadov (JINR)
The «Kryon-2» (Electron Beam Iion Source - EBIS) ion source has been upgraded. A new electron collector designed to work with an electron beam with an intensity of up to 0.5 A and an accelerating voltage of up to 20 kV has been developed. At the same time, the ability to operate the source in the reflective mode is preserved. Cryogenic tests of semiconductor silicon detectors in a magnetic...
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Ippei Yamada (Doshisha Univ. / J-PARC center)
In a high-intensity ion beam accelerator, a non-destructive beam profile diagnostic system is required since destructive measurements can cause system failure or radio-activations of the monitor components due to energy deposition. We have been developing a non-destructive beam spatial profile monitor using a gas sheet. The sheet-shaped gas formed by a technique of rarefied gas dynamics is...
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Jake McLain (Argonne National Laboratory)
The Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) facility is changing the mechanism for creating neutron-rich fission products. Spontaneous fission from a $^{252}$Cf source has provided beams to support the low energy and accelerated-beams ATLAS programs. $^{252}$Cf has a 2.65-year half-life, requiring the source to be replaced every three years to maintain high beam intensities....
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Ryo Kato
Negative deuterium ion beam is utilized for Neutral Beam Injection (NBI), heating equipment of nuclear fusion plasma. However, when operation gas in National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) negative ion source for NBI is replaced from hydrogen to deuterium, increase in co-extracted electron current is observed (H. Nakano, JJAP2020). The beam power has been limited by the heat load due to...
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Giorgio Sebastiano Mauro (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)
In this paper we present the numerical design and simulation of RF antennas to be employed in Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) systems working in an ECRIS setup. A 3D full-wave numerical model, based on the coupling between COMSOL FEM solution of Maxwell equations and the MATLAB-computed non-homogeneous plasma dielectric tensor, has been employed in order to study the performance of...
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Takanori Shibata (KEK)
Sequences of hydrogen (H2) and deuterium (D2) experiments have been done by NIFS research and development negative ion source (RNIS) up to now. In the experiments, the co-extracted electron current with the negative ions in the D2 experiment has been around three times higher than the current in the H2 experiment. The electron density in the source chamber has been also higher in the D2...
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Dimitar Yordanov (Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics)
The ion source at the ELISE test facility is an intermediate step towards the operation of the ITER source and demonstrates fulfillment of the ITER NBI requirements in hydrogen (H). However, in deuterium (D) operation the co-extracted electron current (Ie) is higher and limits the source performance. In the standard setup of ELISE, Ie is reduced by a positive potential applied to the...
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Allen Vincent Catapang (Doshisha University)
One of the methods used to produce ions of metals and metal oxides is through extracting them from a magnetron sputtering ion source. In this study, the extraction of ions from a compact, reactive magnetron sputtering source is investigated, with water vapor as reactive gas. The use of water vapor has been shown to improve the film’s properties, through the introduction of hydrogen ions. To...
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Yoshikatsu Matsumoto (Tokushima Bunri University)
As a diagnostic tool for electron transports in H- ion source plasmas, we have been trying to realize a low-energy electron gun which can be installed inside H- sources and can work even at areas which are very close to or inside hydrogen ion source plasmas. We reported in the previous conference that our prototype gun generated 0.04 mA/cm2 as the maximum beam current density at 1 eV beam...
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Mr Rockenbauer Rainer
MedAustron is a synchrotron-based Particle Therapy Accelerator located in lower Austria, delivering proton and carbon beams in the range of 62-252.7 MeV/u and 120-400 MeV/u respectively in two medical treatment rooms. A proton Gantry was also recently commissioned for a third medical treatment room. A fourth beamline with a dedicated experimental room is used for non-clinical research. The...
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Dr Carlo Poggi (Consorzio RFX)
An Allison type emittance scanner has recently been installed in SPIDER, the full scale prototype of the negative ion source for ITER neutral beam injectors. The diagnostic is able to measure the phase-space distribution of the ion source beamlets, allowing to determine the emittance and Twiss parameters of the extracted beam. Their dependence on machine parameters is investigated,...
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Mr Kazuki Igarashi (Nagaoka University of Technology)
A laser ion source, one of the high-current ion sources, uses ablation plasma generated by irradiating a solid target with a pulsed laser. To use industrial applications with the laser ion source, a large number of ions should be provided. Since recent pulse laser systems have high repetition rates above 1 kHz, we study the effect of plasma dynamics on the repeating plasma generation. A target...
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Ramesh Bhandari (Central Michigan University)
At Central Michigan University (CMU), we are developing the CMU High Precision Penning trap (CHIP-TRAP) with the aim of performing high-precision mass measurements on stable and long-lived radioactive isotopes. The major goals of the CHIP-TRAP are to measure $^{163}$Ho EC Q-value to $\sim$1eV to aid direct neutrino mass determination experiments with $^{163}$Ho, such as HOLMES and EcHO, and to...
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Dominikus Zielke (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik)
RF-driven negative hydrogen ion sources are operated at low frequencies around 1 MHz, gas pressures around or below 1 Pa and large power densities up to 10 Wcm$^{−3}$. Owing to these conditions and further design criteria, such as discharge geometry and antenna layout, the RF power coupling is far from optimized, i.e. only a fraction η of the power delivered by the generator is absorbed by the...
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SHIXIANG PENG (Peking University)
Positive-ion mass spectrometry (PIMS) is a positive-to-negative ion conversion metrology instead of traditional accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on high-precision radiocarbon dating. To demonstrate the probability of PIMS with a 2.45 GHz ECR ion source, an experiment was launched at Peking University (PKU). A compact permanent magnet 2.45 GHz ECR ion source is designed to produce carbon...
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Keita Bito (Doshisha University)
Plasma parameters of an ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) discharge excited in a compact (5 cm diameter, 3.3 cm long inner volume) ion source with the replaceable plasma electrode (PE) were measured with a Langmuir probe. A plasma electrode (PE) made of a C12A7 “electride” constituted with $^{12}$Ca$^{O}$ and 7Al2O3 supplied by AGC Inc., was installed to investigate how the electride PE...
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Mr Robert Scott (Argonne National Laboratory)
The Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) at Argonne National Laboratory paused production of carbon-14 ion beams with the removal of the Tandem Van de Graaff in 2013. Installation of ECR3, an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source, returned that production capability to ATLAS, with the first C-14 beam delivered in December 2020. Information is presented on C-14 beam current, gas...
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Christopher Charles (TRIUMF)
Radioactive molecular ions (RMI) are made in hot-cavity targets of isotope separation on-line (ISOL) facilities like TRIUMF following fission, fragmentation or spallation. However extreme conditions in targets (high temp, bad vacuum, radiation fields, chemical/isobar impurities, energy ranges, uncontrolled reaction kinetics) are formidable unsolved challenges to efficient production and...
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Junjie Zhang (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
For potential applications in compact hadron therapy facilities and accelerator-based neutron sources, the production of proton and lithium ions with the laser ion source was investigated. Proton beams were produced from a compressed titanium hydride powder target. The TOF signals were measured by a 90° cylindrical Electrostatic Ion Analyzer. The comparison between the FC and TOF signals...
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Mathieu Cavenaile (TRIUMF)
The CANadian Rare isotope facility with Electron-Beam ion source (CANREB) at TRIUMF is set to deliver rare isotope beams in high charge states. In the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) ions are charge-bred by collisions with an electron beam of up to 500 mA. A strong magnetic field (up to 6T) maximizes the electron beam density and increases the breeding efficiency. Ion confinement is maintained...
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Masahiro Okamura (Brookhaven National Laboratory)
We are proposing inverse kinematic pulsed neutron production with linear accelerators and a laser ion source. The inverse kinematic scenario is to use a lithium driver beam instead of a conventional proton beam and is effective to mitigate undesired radiation emission and provide highly directed neutron flux. To demonstrate the capability of intense neutron flux, we build a new front end of...
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Dr Kazumasa Takahashi (Nagaoka University of Technology)
A laser ion source provides an ion beam extracted from a plasma produced by irradiating a high power laser on a solid target. The ion species contained in the plasma are analyzed with an electrostatic ion analyzer. In order to distinguish the ions, the spectral width of ion signals in the mass spectrum has to be smaller than the difference of time-of-flight between the different ion species...
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Mr José Antonio MÉNDEZ-GIONO (CNRS)
A self-consistent Monte Carlo model to simulate electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasma is presented. It computes the species’ spatial and energy distribution in the whole chamber in a three-dimensional mesh. A number of electrons and ions are propagated independently considering the static magnetic field and injected microwave field. The species trajectories populate the mesh...
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Dr Konstantin Kozlovskii (National Research Nuclear University MEPhI)
The formation of laser plasma ion fluxes by axially symmetric magnetic fields is studied. As a result of computer and physical experiments, the possibility of obtaining ion packets based on a laser - plasma source with parameters that ensure their effective capture in a linear accelerator with high frequency focusing is shown.
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Anna Vnuchenko (CERN)
Linac4 is the negative hydrogen ion (H−) injector of the CERN accelerator complex. Modelling of the beam formation is essential for optimizing the current and emittance of the H− ion source. We exploited the 3D PIC-Monte Carlo ONIX (Orsay Negative Ion eXtraction) code for studying H− beam formation processes in caesiated negative ion sources. The various geometries of the IS03 prototypes have...
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Dr Hyock-Jun Son (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University)
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University is nearing completion. In some cases, the RIB rates at FRIB are expected to exceed 10$^{10}$ particles/s. The ReA EBIT charge breeder operates with an electron-beam current of 300 – 600 mA for a density of 170 – 340 A/cm$^2$. This current corresponds to a maximum capacity of 10$^{10}$ elementary charges, which can be...
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Mr J.D. Cardona (TRIUMF, University of Manitoba)
Highly charged ions (HCIs) can increase precision in Penning trap mass measurements significantly, due to their higher charge state. At the TITAN facility at TRIUMF, an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) provides radioactive HCIs for this purpose. To improve the electron beam properties and its control, a new electron gun is under development.
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The electron gun within its TITAN EBIT environment... -
Dr Christopher Charles (TRIUMF)
Highly charged ions (HCI) up to uranium are produced efficiently at TRIUMF using an electron beam ion source (EBIS). The EBIS is essential to the new CANadian Rare isotope facility with Electron Beam ion source (CANREB) that delivers clean intense HCI to experiments (B. Schultz et al, this meeting). The EBIS has a high injection efficiency for stable and radioactive beams with 6<E<14 keV at a...
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Zhen Shen (Institute of Modern Physics)
The space charge effect is one of the key factors affecting ion beam transport and ion beam quality, especially for low-energy high-intensity ion beams. It can be partially compensated by the secondary electrons produced from the ionization of residual gas molecules in the beam pipe, and we are interested in the accurate value of this compensation degree. In this paper, we use a Three-grid...
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Detlef Kuchler (CERN)
The GTS-LHC ECR ion source delivers ion species for the physics programme of the CERN accelerator complex. Stability and reproducibility are key parameters for successful operation, which currently requires regularly intervention by an expert. The integrated functionality of data logging in the control system of the CERN accelerator complex allows all relevant control values and beam...
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Margherita Ugoletti (University of Padua)
The injection of high-energy neutral beam of H and D is one of the most important heating system for future fusion nuclear reactor. SPIDER, the full-size prototype of the ITER negative ion source, is equipped with 15 visible cameras composing the tomographic diagnostic, which exploits the visible light emitted by the beam particles after the interaction with the background gas to characterize...
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Kenji Miyamoto
It is reported from the measurement of a negative ion beamlet emittance that the characteristic three-Gaussian components are observed in the emittance diagram. These components can be identified as a combination of three beam components with different beam axes. In order to clarify the origin of this complicated phase space structure and underlying physical mechanism, potential structure and...
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Shingo Masaki (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI)
Negative ion beams of hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) are applied for heating and current drive in fusion plasmas as neutral beam injection. Comparing with H, the extraction of D$^-$ ion beam accompanies higher co-extracted electron current. It is expected that the higher electron current is originated with the flow of electrons toward a plasma-grid (PG) aperture in the source plasma....
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Jinghan Yang (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)
Magnetic filter is important for negative ion sources, it cools down the electron temperature near the extraction area. The magnetic filter can be produced by permanent magnets or by large current flow through the plasma grid. The plasma transport process from the driver to the extraction area is affected by the magnetic filter, we used a movable Langmuir probe to measure the plasma spatial...
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Dr Yuji Shimabukuro (National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology)
Protection system of cathodes from local discharge has been developed for the high power and stable negative ion source used in the heating system of ITER and JT-60SA. Discharge marks on the cathode indicate that this discharge occurs not only to anode walls but also plasma, so-called unipolar discharge. The critical issue is that the local discharge increases with cesium seedings to enhance...
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Riccardo Casagrande (Consorzio RFX)
Keywords: NBI, RF ion sources, RF oscillators
SPIDER is the full-size prototype of the ion source of the ITER Neutral Beam Injectors, and is in operation since June 2018 as part of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility. The ion source is composed of 8 Radio Frequency drivers supplied by 4 RF oscillators, rated for operation at 1 MHz, for a total power of 800kW.
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This article presents an... -
Giuseppe Castro (INFN), Luigi Celona
The Advanced Ion Source for Hadrontherapy (AISHa) is an ECR ion source operating at 18 GHz, developed with the aim of producing high intensity and low emittance highly charged ion beams for hadrontherapy purposes.
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Due to its unique peculiarities, AISHa is a suitable choice for industrial and scientific applications.
In the framework of the INSpIRIT and IRPT projects, in collaboration with... -
Dr Qi Wu
Due to the rapid development of applications of nuclear science and technology in China, the production capacity of isotopes cannot meet the growing demands. Therefore, the development of electromagnetic isotope separator with high yield and high isotopic purity is needed. An electromagnetic isotope separator based on a 2.45 GHz microwave ion source and high-resolution magnet has been...
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Bing Tang (China Institute of Atomic Energy)
The Beijing Radioactive ion beam facility Isotope Separator On-Line（BRISOL）is a radioactive ion beam facility based on a 100 MeV cyclotron providing 200 μA proton beam bombarding the thick target to produce radioactive nuclei, which are transferred into an ion source to produce singly charged ion beams. A FEBIAD ion source with MgO target are successful used to the first physics experiments,...
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Marco Cavenago (INFN-LNL), Marco Barbisan (Consorzio RFX)
Observation of a transient, in Cs-free regime and long term NIO1 operation, led to the development of stabilization techniques, including conditioning (with oxygen or other gases, as argon, nitrogen, and xenon), interleaved with days of use of H$_2$ as a process gas. Stabilization of transients gave more H$^-$ current and less plasma luminosity. After installation of a cesium oven, some...
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Mr Sergey Vybin (IAP RAS)
The GTS ion source, operated at 14.5 GHz, provides multiply charge heavy ion beams for the ARIBE facility at GANIL. The facility variety is limited by the efficiency of the extraction especially in the few keV domain. In order to improve the ion source, the extraction system was upgraded numerically. The shape of the plasma and the puller electrodes was changed. It causes the increase of the...
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Nicolaas Den Harder (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (DE))
The BATMAN Upgrade test facility aims to extract H-/D- at high current densities. Inevitably co-extracted electrons are deflected out of the beamlet by permanent magnets before acceleration. These magnets induce a row-wise zig-zag deflection of the beamlets. In the new MITICA-like extraction system, this deflection is compensated by additional deflection correction magnets. Since these...
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Vadim Dudnikov (Muons, Inc)
In this work is calculated a probability of negative ionization of hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, muonium and positronium particles on metal surfaces with low work function, which is an important for the field of the surface plasma negative ion sources. We present the theoretical model for the computer calculation of the negative ionization probability of these particles. These particles have...
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Mr Sergey Vybin (IAP RAS)
The flat two-electrode extraction system was upgraded using a new approach to the extraction system design. It is based on the electrodes shape change which causes the redistribution of the electric field in the extraction region. The ion beam formation in the new geometry is more effective than in the flat one because of the more efficient accelerating field distribution. It broadens the...
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junwei Guo (Institute of Modern Physics)
The efficiency of the microwave-plasma coupling is a key issue to enhance the performance of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) in terms of charge states and extracted currents. The coupling properties are directly affected by the microwave injection scheme, especially for the high frequency(f >20 GHz) and high power（P>5 kW) ECR ion sources. Based on the Vlasov launcher concept,...
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Arpan KHANDELWAL (Aix Marseille Université)
A 10GHz ECR ion source (PK-GANESA) with a new magnetic topology has been developed in a GANIL - Pantechnik collaboration [1]. The performance of this source has been analyzed through simulations of electrons prior to collisions for 20µs using TrapCAD. The EEDF obtained from the simulations has been characterized with respect to radio-frequency, heating power, and simulation time. These results...
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Nicolas Savard (University of British Columbia)
A Penning Ion Source test stand has been developed by D-Pace to characterize alpha ion extraction from a helium discharge with variations in: extraction potential up to 15 kV, gas flow rate up to 30 sccm, and magnetic field confinement up to 1.1 Tesla. A brief summary of the Penning Ion Source design is described. Extraction of ions leads to severe sparking on the HV insulator due to ExB...
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Jens Lassen (TRIUMF), Dr Maryam Mostamand (TRIUMF Canada's particle accelerator centre), Ms Marie Louise Leifeld (FH Aachen, TRIUMF)
By now the laser resonance ionization ion source has been firmly established as the ion source of choice for a major portion of the elements requested for experiments at TRIUMF's radioactive ion beam facility ISAC. The presentation will focus on the available capabilities of the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) as implemented at TRIUMF in terms of element reach, beam purity and...
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Dr Alexandra Philipp (Dreebit GmbH)
In the design of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) three topics generally need to be addressed: (i) The feed of a microwave to generate a plasma, (ii) the creation of a magnetic field guiding the charged particles, and (iii) the design of an ion extraction system. In this report, we concentrate on improvements of aspect (i), a new microwave injection system introduced to the...
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Mr Iyan Ayres (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
A Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator is being developed to replace the H+ Cockcroft-Walton (CW) injector. The injector upgrade will significantly reduce the long term operational risks and improve existing LANSCE beam production for the Isotope Production Facility and future 800 MeV proton beam user systems [1].
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In this study, we evaluate the vacuum model of the new RFQ injector...
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