Introduction to Accelerator Physics, 18 September - 01 October 2022, Kaunas, Lithuania

18 Sept 2022, 08:30 → 1 Oct 2022, 14:30 Europe/Zurich

VICTORIA hotel Kaunas (Lithuania)

Frank Tecker (CERN)

This Introductory CAS Course represents the core teaching of all CAS courses and also represents the ideal opportunity to be introduced into the field of particle accelerators. This course will be of interest to staff and students from laboratories and universities, as well as companies manufacturing accelerator equipment. The course will focus on various aspects of beam dynamics and will provide an introduction to the underlying accelerator systems. Key topics will be consolidated through a series of discussion sessions and tutorials, while topical seminars will complete the program.
Another important key aspect of the course is the networking. Students will make contact with other students working in the field and can establish connections with the lecturers present at the course.

It is recommended that participants register as soon as possible, first come first served as there may be a limited number of participants due to limitations of the hotel facilities.

The first registration, before end of July, did not represent a full commitment, but rather a confirmation of interest. Beginning of August 2022, the situation was reviewed and the course is now confirmed. Since then, the registration has become a commitment to pay and to organize the travel.

As usual we will accept GRANT applications. As big exception this year, we will not be able to accept grants for people who will need a visa. The time between confirmation of the course and its beginning is too short for the visa formalities.   

group-photo-books.JPG

group-photo.JPG

Sunday 18 September

1 Arrival day and registration

Monday 19 September

2 Opening

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

Opening-Intro.pdf

Opening-Intro.pptx

3 Electromagnetic Theory I

The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to Electromagnetic
Theory. The foundations of electrodynamics starting from the nature of electrical force up to the level of Maxwell equations solutions are presented. It starts with the introduction of the concept of a field, which plays a very important role in the understanding of electricity and magnetism. In addition, moving electric charge is discussed as a topic of special importance in accelerator physics.

Speaker: Irina Shreyber

2022 CAS SCHOOL. Electromagnetism. Kaunas.pdf

10:45 Coffee break

4 Electromagnetic Theory II

The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to Electromagnetic Theory. The foundations of electrodynamics starting from the nature of electrical force up to the level of Maxwell equations solutions are presented. It starts with the introduction of the concept of a field, which plays a very important role in the understanding of electricity and magnetism. In addition, moving electric charge is discussed as a topic of special importance in accelerator physics.

Speaker: Irina Shreyber

12:15 Lunch

5 Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics I

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most im-portant types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearizedequations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derivedusing an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit. Analyticalsolutions are determined for linear elements of a typical beam transfer line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducingthe matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented bya single transfer matrix. Application of this formalism allows to calculate sin-gle particle’s trajectories in linear approximation. After introducing the beamemittance as the area occupied by a particle beam in phase space, a lineartreatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined opticalfunctions is introduced. The formalism is applied to the concepts of both weakand strong focusing, in particular discussing the properties of the widely-usedFODO cell. Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodicsystems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphazising the effectsof linear field errors on orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of opti-cal resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented,introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert (University of Hamburg)

TLBD-complete.pdf

6 Warm Magnets

Warm magnets are magnets that function in normal ambient temperature con- ditions. These types are mostly using a soft steel yoke for field amplifica- tion and either Copper or Aluminium coils or permanent magnets to gener- ate the field. Magnets powered with such normal-conducting coils are often also called classical, iron dominated or resistive magnets. Since decades these types of magnets are the workhorse for most linear and circular accelerators and beam transfer lines.

Speaker: Gijs De Rijk

CAS_Kaunas_warm-magnets.key

CAS_Kaunas_warm-magnets.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

7 Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics II

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged particle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit. Analytical solutions are determined for linear elements of a typical beam transfer line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Application of this formalism allows to calculate single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation. After introducing the beamemittance as the area occupied by a particle beam in phase space, a lineartreatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined opticalfunctions is introduced. The formalism is applied to the concepts of both weakand strong focusing, in particular discussing the properties of the widely-used FODO cell. Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodicsystems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphazising the effectsof linear field errors on orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of opti-cal resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented,introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert (University of Hamburg)

8 1 slide 1 minute

Summary-coompilation_Kaunas.pptx

9 Welcome reception

Tuesday 20 September

10 Kinematics of Particle Beams - Relativity

This is an introductory lecture on special relativity which doesn’t require much mathematical background. The theory of special relativity, originally proposed by Albert Einstein in his famous 1905 paper, has had profound consequences on our view of physics, space, and time. The goal of this lecture is to introduce the basic concepts of special relativity without overloading it with formulas. The lecture addresses Galilean and Lorentz transformations, emphasizing the conceptual incompatibility of classical kinematics and electrodynamics. The lecture also briefly introduces some famous phenomena behind special relativity including length contraction, time dilation, relativistic kinematics, practical application of the theory and more.

Speaker: Irina Shreyber

2022 CAS. Special Relativity. Kaunas.pdf

11 Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics III

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged particle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit. Analytical solutions are determined for linear elements of a typical beam transfer line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Application of this formalism allows to calculate sin-gle particle’s trajectories in linear approximation. After introducing the beamemittance as the area occupied by a particle beam in phase space, a lineartreatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined opticalfunctions is introduced. The formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focusing, in particular discussing the properties of the widely-used FODO cell. Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented,introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert (University of Hamburg)

10:45 Coffee break

12 Linear Accelerators I

Linear Accelerators (Linacs) are a systems that allow to accelerate charged particles through a linear trajectory by electromagnetic fields. This kind of accelerators find several applications in fundamental research and industry. The main devices used to accelerate the particle beam are described in the first part of the lecture with their main parameters. This includes both Standing (SW) and Traveling Wave (TW) radiofrequency cavities, for different type of accelerated particles (protons, ions and electrons) such as Drift Tube Linacs (DTL), multi cell cavities, Side Coupled Cell (SCC) and disk loaded structures. In the second part of the lecture, the fundamental principles of the longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics of accelerated particles will be highlighted. Finally, we briefly illustrate the radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) devices.

Speaker: David Alesini

Alesini_LINEAR_ACCELERATORS_2022.pdf

Alesini_LINEAR_ACCELERATORS_2022.pptx

12:15 Lunch

13 Superconducting Magnets

Speaker: Gijs De Rijk

CAS_Kaunas_SC-magnets.key

CAS_Kaunas_SC-magnets.pdf

14 Linear Accelerators II

Speaker: David Alesini

16:00 Coffee break

15 Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics IV

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert (University of Hamburg)

16 Computational tools I

Speaker: Andrea Latina (CERN)

Computational_Tools.pdf

Wednesday 21 September

17 Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics V

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert (University of Hamburg)

18 Longitudinal BD in Circular Machines I

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

Longitudinal-Kaunas-2022.pdf

Longitudinal-Kaunas-2022.pptx

10:45 Coffee break

19 Time and Frequency domain signals I

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler (CERN)

timefrequency_2022.pdf

timefrequency_2022.pptx

12:15 Lunch

20 Longitudinal BD in Circular Machines II

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

21 Time and Frequency domain signals II

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler (CERN)

16:00 Coffee break

22 Hands-ON Lattice calulations I

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

Octave - Software and Instructions

Python - Exercises

Python - Software Setup Instructions

23 Hands-ON Lattice calulations II

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

Thursday 22 September

24 Free

12:15 Lunch

25 History of particle acceleration

Speaker: Dr Suzie Sheehy (University of Oxford and University of Melbourne)

Sheehy-AcceleratorHistory22.pdf

Sheehy-AcceleratorHistory22.pptx

26 Imperfections in general

After briefly discussing sources of imperfections, we characterize them
in terms of dipole, quadrupolar, and skew quadrupolar errors and move
on to discuss how these imperfections are modeled in beam dynamics codes.
We continue by reviewing the concepts of dispersion and chromaticity and
explain how they are measured before turning to imperfections that are
caused by multipoles, in particular, by feed-down. We conclude by addressing
errors that are introduced by imperfect diagnostic equipment such as
misaligned position monitors and mention means of how to identify this
problem.

Speaker: Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

vz_cas22_imperfections_and_corrections.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

27 Accelerator Applications

Speaker: Dr Suzie Sheehy (University of Oxford and University of Melbourne)

Sheehy-Applications22.pdf

Sheehy-Applications22.pptx

28 Imperfections and their correction in beam lines and linacs

"
We introduce the BPM-corrector response coefficient R12 as the key quantity
to characterise the effect of imperfections on the beam dynamics before
addressing how the effect of multiple imperfections are combined. We then
introduce local beam bumps as a means to adjust the beam position locally
and move on to discuss orbit correction and the orbit response matrix.
We place special attention to different methods, including singular value
decomposition, to invert the response matrix. After covering quadrupolar
errors and their detrimental effects, such as beta beating and filamentation,
we learn how to measure beam sizes with quadrupole scans and with multiple
wire scanners. We close this session with a discussion of how to adjust
beam size parameters with so-called matching quadrupoles."

Speaker: Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

29 Discussion session

Friday 23 September

30 Beam Instrumentation

Speaker: Peter Forck

Diagnostics 1 CAS2022 Forck.pdf

Diagnostics 1 CAS2022 Forck.pptx

31 Computational tools II

Speaker: Andrea Latina (CERN)

10:45 Coffee break

32 Beam Diagnostics

Speaker: Peter Forck

Diagnostics 2 CAS2022 Forck.pdf

Diagnostics 2 CAS2022 Forck.pptx

12:15 Lunch

33 "Imperfections and their correction in rings "

"After discussing how to account for the periodicity in rings, we first generalise the response coefficient R12, and then the orbit response matrix to such systems.
We move on to use the response matrix to correct the orbit and generalise the concept by introducing dispersion-free steering before turning to gradient errors and stop bands. Measuring and correcting the tune addresses one parameter of great importance for operating rings, whereas analysing the orbit response matrix with codes like LOCO measures many more, including the beta functions. We then digress on skew quadrupolar errors and betatron coupling and their detrimental effect.
Before closing we describe how to correct the chromaticity and mention a number of non-standard imperfections, so-called bloopers.

"

Speaker: Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

34 Sources

Speaker: Dan Faircloth (STFC)

Particle_Sources_Faircloth_CAS_2022.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

35 Hands-ON Lattice calulations III

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

36 Hands-ON Lattice calulations IV

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

Saturday 24 September

37 Electron Beam Dynamics I

Speaker: Lenny Rivkin (Paul Scherrer Institute (CH))

ElectronDynamics_Kaunas_LRivkin.pdf

38 Electron Beam Dynamics II

Speaker: Lenny Rivkin (Paul Scherrer Institute (CH))

10:45 Coffee break

39 Discussion electron beam dynamics

Speaker: Lenny Rivkin (Paul Scherrer Institute (CH))

12:15 Lunch

40 Machine & People Protection Issues

Speaker: Peter Forck

Machine protection CAS2022 Forck.pdf

Machine protection CAS2022 Forck.pptx

41 Secondary beams and targets

Speaker: Dan Faircloth (STFC)

Secondary_Beams_Faircloth_CAS_2022.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

42 Hands-ON Lattice calulations V

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

43 Hands-ON Lattice calulations VI

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Volker Ziemann (Uppsala University (SE))

Sunday 25 September

Excursion

Monday 26 September

44 RF systems I

Speaker: Christine Vollinger (CERN)

RFSystemsBothParts_Kaunas.pdf

RFSystemsBothParts_Kaunas.pptx

45 Cyclotrons I

Speaker: Mike Seidel

CAS_Cyclotrons_I.pdf

CAS_Cyclotrons_I.pptx

10:45 Coffee break

46 Cyclotrons II/FFAs

Speaker: Mike Seidel

CAS_Cyclotrons_II.pdf

CAS_Cyclotrons_II.pptx

12:15 Lunch

47 RF systems II

Speaker: Christine Vollinger (CERN)

48 Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - Intro

Speaker: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN)

Python - Software Setup Instructions

Exercise files - Empty LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_empty.ipynb LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_empty.pdf

Exercise files - Solutions LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_solutions.ipynb LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_solutions.pdf

Introductory slides - RF design LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalCalculations.pdf LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalCalculations.pptx

Longitudinal dynamics cheat sheet

• cheat_sheet.html
• cheat_sheet.md
• cheat_sheet.pdf

Python cheat sheet PythonExample.ipynb TutorialLibraryOfFunctions.py

16:00 Coffee break

49 Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - I

Speaker: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations - RF design (slides, scripts, cheat sheets)

50 Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - II

Speaker: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations - RF design (slides, scripts, cheat sheets)

Seminar: Seminar - Ultrasonic measurements

51 Seminar - Ultrasonic measurement

Development and applications of ultrasonic measurement, monitoring, non-destructive testing and diagnostic techniques

Speaker: Prof. Renaldas Raišutis

Introduction_Prof Renaldas Raisutis.doc

Introduction_Prof Renaldas Raisutis.pdf

RTD profile_Ultrasound Institute_KTU_2022.doc

RTD profile_Ultrasound Institute_KTU_2022.pdf

Tuesday 27 September

52 Collective Effects I

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Kaunas1_Multiparticle.pdf

Kaunas1_Multiparticle.pptx

53 Vacuum

Speaker: Mike Seidel

Vacuum_Seidel.pdf

Vacuum_Seidel.pptx

10:45 Coffee break

54 Introduction to Non- Linear longitudinal Beam Dymanics

Speaker: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN)

IntroductionNonLinearLongitudinalBeamDynamics.pdf

IntroductionNonLinearLongitudinalBeamDynamics.pptx

12:15 Lunch

55 Collective Effects II

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Kaunas2_Spacecharge.pdf

Kaunas2_Spacecharge.pptx

56 Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - III

Speaker: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN)

Python - Software Setup Instructions

Exercise Files - Empty

• LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_empty.ipynb
• LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_empty.pdf
• support_functions.py

Exercise files - Solutions

• LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_solutions.html
• LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_solutions.ipynb
• LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_solutions.pdf
• support_functions.py

Introductory slides - Longitudinal Tracking LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalTracking.pdf LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalTracking.pptx

Longitudinal dynamics cheat sheet

• cheat_sheet.html
• cheat_sheet.md
• cheat_sheet.pdf

Python cheat sheet PythonExample.ipynb TutorialLibraryOfFunctions.py

16:00 Coffee break

57 Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - IV

Speaker: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations - Longitudinal tracking (slides, scripts, cheat sheets)

58 Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - v

Speaker: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN)

Hands-ON calculations - Longitudinal tracking (slides, scripts, cheat sheets)

21:00 Cinema event

Wednesday 28 September

59 Free

12:15 Lunch

60 Collective Effects III

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Kaunas3_WakesImpd.pdf

Kaunas3_WakesImpd.pptx

61 Colliders and luminosity

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler (CERN)

Colliders_2022.pdf

Colliders_2022.pptx

16:00 Coffee break

62 Collective Effects IV

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Kaunas4_Instabilities.pdf

Kaunas4_Instabilities.pptx

63 Discussion collective effects

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Poster session

Poster session

64 Poster session

Poster session

Thursday 29 September

65 A first taste of Non- Linear Beam Dynamics I

Speaker: Hannes Bartosik (CERN)

Non-linear_dynamics_I.pdf

Non-linear_dynamics_I.pptx

66 Advanced accelerator concepts I

Speaker: Massimo Ferrario

CAS_AAC_Lithuania_022.pdf

10:45 Coffee break

67 A first taste of Non- Linear Beam Dynamics II

Speaker: Hannes Bartosik (CERN)

Non-linear_dynamics_II.pdf

Non-linear_dynamics_II.pptx

12:15 Lunch

68 Injection and Extraction

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

2022-Injection-Extraction.pdf

2022-Injection-Extraction.pptx

69 Particle motion in Hamiltonian Formalism I

Speaker: Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

hamiltonian_intro_2022_I.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

70 Q&A/study time

Seminar

71 Nonlinear dynamical systems

Nonlinear dynamical systems - mathematical modelling and applications

Speaker: Prof. Minvydas Ragulskis

Friday 30 September

72 Particle motion in Hamiltonian Formalism II

Speaker: Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

hamiltonian_intro_2022_II.pdf

73 Advanced accelerator concepts II

Speaker: Massimo Ferrario

10:45 Coffee break

74 Synchrotron light circular machines and free-electron lasers I

Speaker: Eduard Prat Costa

2022.pdf

2022.pptx

12:15 Lunch

75 Synchrotron light circular machines and free-electron lasers II

Speaker: Eduard Prat Costa

76 Designing a synchrotron - a real life example

Speaker: Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

SPS_CAS2022.pdf

16:00 Coffee break

77 Closing

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

Closing-Intro.pdf

Closing-Intro.pptx

19:30 Banquet

Saturday 1 October

78 Departure Day