ITER, a first-of-a-kind nuclear tokamak, is being constructed by a partnership between China, European Union, India, Japan, Korea, Russian Federation and USA, in southern France. The buildings are well under construction and the tokamak components, largely supplied in kind by the partners, will start arriving at the end of this year. Component assembly activities start in 2018 and continue...
By combining resistive polyhelix and Bitter inserts with a large bore superconducting outsert, the new hybrid magnet in construction at LNCMI-Grenoble will produce in a first step, an overall continuous magnetic field of 43 T in a 34 mm warm bore aperture. After a brief reminder of the specificity of hybrid magnets, namely the strong electromagnetic and mechanical couplings between resistive...
In this study, a 3D multi-filament FEM model is developed for some kinds of superconducting strands, such as LMI strand, SMI-PIT strand and Bi2212 round wire. Some important factors, such as the initial thermal residual stress, the breakages of superconducting filament and twist pitch (for LMI, SMI-PIT) are taken into account. In this FEM model We calculate this thermal residual stress system,...
The twisted, stacked-tape cabling method allows developments of high current REBCO cables for various high field applications, such as fusion magnets, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices and accelerator magnets. The single tape performance under applied loads is crucial to understand cable limitations, and important for choosing an appropriate cable geometry. In this paper, we...
The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) has commissioned a 36.1 T magnet with homogeneity and stability of 1 ppm over a 10 mm diameter spherical volume to be used for solid state NMR. Most NMR magnets use single strands of superconducting wire carrying a few hundred amps and persistent joints and switches. This magnet uses a 20 kA superconducting cable in a steel conduit for the...
Fatigue failure had recently occurred on a 60T pulsed magnet at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC). It was designed to produce a peak field of about 63T and had practically endured a total number of 2124 shots with 573 of them above 56T. In this paper, the cause of failure is numerically analyzed using the conductors and reinforcing fibers at the mid-plane of the magnet. The...
INFN is developing at LASA lab (Milano, Italy) the prototypes of five corrector magnets, from skew quadrupole to dodecapole, which will equip high-luminosity interaction regions of the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC). These magnets are based on a superferric design, to allow a relatively simple, modular and easy to construct magnet. This program takes place within the framework of a collaboration...
The luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider requires that the new separation/recombination dipoles D2 shall deliver a field integral of 35 Tm. A design has been developed of a twin dipole generating a magnetic field as high as 4.5 T in apertures of 105 mm and 7.78 m magnetic length. The magnetic field direction is identical in both apertures causing a not negligible magnetic cross...
Functional diagnostics of superconducting magnets is essential for ensuring their safe and reliable operation and understanding performance limitations. Among various known diagnostic approaches, acoustic techniques being non-invasive and inexpensive carry a significant potential that is not yet fully explored. Firstly, acoustic emissions provide direct access to magnet mechanical disturbance...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has been operating and producing physics since September 2008, and has entered after a first long shut down its second, 4-year long physics run. The LHC is to date the largest superconducting installation, counting some 10000 magnets along its 27 km long circumference. A significant operational experience has been accumulated, including the occurrence...
In 2007 the Nijmegen High Field Magnet Laboratory has embarked in a programme to design and construct a 45 T hybrid magnet to provide the highest magnetic field available to its user programme. We present the final design of the resistive insert coils for this hybrid, which will operate in the 12.3 T background field of the superconducting outsert magnet. The insert magnet has an outer...
This paper presents electromagnetic design and 3D finite element analysis (FEA) results to develop prototype machine system for the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) rotating machine integrated with a contactless HTS excitation device (CHED). This is connected and integrated on the same shaft of the rotating machine and charge the HTS field coils by pumping magnetic flux with non-contact...
In this paper, we present results, experimental and analytical, of a small-model study, from which we plan to develop and apply a full-scale field-shaking system to minimize or even eliminate the screening current-induced field (SCF) in the 800-MHz HTS Insert (H800) of the MIT 1.3-GHz LTS/HTS NMR magnet (1.3G) currently under construction—the H800 is composed of 3 nested coils, each a stack of...
As a vertical transportation apparatus for moving people and goods between floors, the elevator or lift plays an increasingly important role in the high-rise buildings. The requirements for fast velocity, comfort ability, reliability and safety issues become higher and higher. Due to its inefficiency and complicated operating system, the conventional cable elevators, which usually utilize...
Repetitive Flat-top Pulsed High Magnetic Field (RFPHMF) could widely be applied to biology, materialogy, iatrology, condensed matter physics, and many industrial applications. Nowadays, the development direction of the RFPHMF focuses on accelerating the magnetic field establishment, elevating the pulse amplitude, extending the pulse duration, enhancing the flat-top precision, boosting the...
Programmable logic and integrated technologies, as SoC, FPGA and DSP, have became mature enough to be employed in high performance magnet power supply applications. The use of a configurable mixed current and voltage digital control, combined with adaptable complex algorithms for protections (e.g. quench in superconducting magnets) and auxiliary integration (e.g. transverse flux density in a...
We have designed a 500 A class high temperature superconductor (HTS) current lead using Bi2223/AgAu tapes for a conduction cooled superconducting magnet. The HTS current lead consists of two terminal blocks, a support tube, and seven Bi2223/AgAu tapes with support tapes. An operating condition is 500 A at 70 K, 0.6 T by conduction cooling, and heat leakage through the current lead is 0.32 W...
For the improvement of the critical current density of a multifilamentary Nb3Sn strand, a high integrity of Nb filaments should be obtained by the optimal cold-drawing process for reducing the cross-section of the filaments. However, as the number of drawing cycles increases, the strain-hardening exponent of the Nb filaments also increases, which consequently hinders the area reduction, and...
Recent studies on no-insulation (NI) winding techniques for high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils have demonstrated that an NI coil has a self-protecting feature: a localized quench heat inside the coil can be automatically diverted in the radial direction owing to the absence of turn-to-turn contacts. The obvious benefits of NI may resolve difficulties in the protection of the HTS...
This paper proposes an optimal control algorithm through lateral displacement and yaw angle in curved road of shallow-depth subway systems. In the case of the surface transportation, which has recently been introduced, severe curved driving performance is required for the downtown. The existing researches are the main research theme of the lateral displacement restoration control, but there is...
This paper proposes an algorithm to obtain better results in the integrated control by reflecting the characteristics of the individual control of the front wheel and the rear wheel of shallow-depth subway systems In the case of the surface transportation, which has recently been introduced, severly curved driving performance is required for the downtown. It is possible to decrease the curve...
BLDC motors and controllers are used in many industrial fields due to the decline of permanent magnet price and the lower cost semiconductor devices. The BLDC motor is easy to maintain as compared to the DC motor and has the advantage of small size, high power, low noise, etc. The BLDC motor is generally used a lot of 120degree energizing method. Also, this motor is commonly controlled by a...
Electrification of urban transportation systems has been considered as the most promising solution for reducing the air pollution, the oil dependence and improving the energy efficiency. Therefore, it becomes more and more popular around the world. The fundamental components in these systems are electric motors which provide the propulsion force. Practically, the electric propulsion by linear...
Frozen permeability method has been widely used in separating the PM torque and reluctance torque and calculating inductance. For conventional frozen permeability method (CFPM), only the core permeability is fixed. It is suitable for the machine applying rare-earth PM materials such as NdFeB, since the material B-H curve is linear and coincide with the recoil line. However, when dealing with...
A transverse flux single-phase tubular switched reluctance linear motor (TF-TSRLM) is proposed in the paper, and it is compared with the longitudinal flux single-phase tubular switched reluctance linear motor (LF-TSRLM) in electromagnetic thrust. The stator consists of five ferromagnetic rings that are divided by four spacer rings. On the cross section of the TF-TSRLM, a stator ferromagnetic...
Based on the Meissner effect a superconducting hollow sphere rotor is levitated in the vacuum housing. During the high speed rotation, the dynamic deformations caused by the centrifugal force and the temperature variation will generate magnetic disturbing torque on the superconducting rotor. The deformations of the rotor are analyzed and simulated by finite element method, and the deformation...
DR-SRM is a novel structure device which can be evolved from conventional SRMs with a single stator and single rotor by increasing a rotor and changing the structure of stator and rotor. The double mechanical ports and double electrical ports are formed by increasing the number of rotor. This paper presents a model for dual rotors switched reluctance motor consisting of two airgaps, an...
Recently, electronic devices using a wireless charging method are increasing with development of technology. The wireless charging method is free from the space limitation and has an advantage in mobility. However, the wireless charging method has a disadvantage that the efficiency is much lower than the wired charging method. In order to improve the efficiency of the wireless charging...
In this paper, the flux linkage curve of the second form is analyzed. The characteristic of the flux linkage is presented in the form of a high order polynomial, which makes it easier for data-fitting. The flux linkage curve of the form ψ-θ curves for different i values is analyzed. The flux linkage data of the SRM prototype is obtained on 4 specific rotor positions (0°, 7.5°, 15°, 22.5°). The...
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is of increasing interests today. HTS (high temperature superconducting) WPT has been demonstrated to be more efficient than copper WPT. In our previous work, the efficiency of WPT from a copper coil (as the transmitting coil) to a HTS coil (as the receiving coil) is lower than the efficiency of WPT from the same HTS coil to the same copper coil. Namely, asymmetry...
For the quadruple magnets, the harmonic components at reference radius can be used to express the field quality using relative harmonics which is the high harmonics components (order > 2) by 2nd component. Generally speaking, the high harmonics components have negative effects on beam focusing. Therefore, the relative harmonics should be decreased to meet a target value. However, the specific...
Due to the significant penetration of wind generation, the fast capacity resources are needed to handle the fluctuations caused by the wind generation. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) could be the solution as resources to back up the unpredictable fluctuation caused by the wind generation. However, the life cycle of batteries deployed in balancing operations could be a lot shorter...
PHiX (Plasma with Helical field initiative eXperiments) is a small tokamak to research MHD phenomena such as restraint of elongated plasma instability and protection of tokamak devices from disruption. The device has 16 toroidal field coils (TF coils) and 10 poloidal field coils (PF coils) magnets. We found that we must drive these coils for more than 5-ms and the response of PF coil current...
The degradation of transport current property by the mechanical strain on the practical Nb3Sn wire is serious problem to apply for the future fusion magnet operated under higher electromagnetic force. Recently, we developed various Zn solid solution ternary Cu-Sn alloy (Cu-Sn-Zn) matrices for the internal matrix strengthened Nb3Sn wires. Zn remained homogeneously into the matrices after the...
Recently, The use of electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebooks, tablet PCs, etc. is rapidly increasing. But, There is an inconvenience that electronic devices frequently need to be charged because battery life is short. To solve this problem, The wireless power transfer(WPT) system is drawing much attention. However, WPT system used in real life requires more research for...
The 12 GeV Upgrade Project at Jefferson Lab is complete and all new systems have met their Key Performance Parameters(KPP). The Super High Momentum Spectrometer(SHMS) in JLAB’s Hall C is an 11 GeV/c particle spectrometer with a resolution of 0.5 x 10^-4 , 4.4 milli Steradian acceptance and a +20 %/-10% momentum bite. All five SC magnets have been delivered, installed, cooled down, tested and...
Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) of Hall C, part of 12 GeV Upgrade at Jefferson Lab, is tested and complete. We will present the measured quench data and the simulated ones of the Q2/3, and Dipole superconducting magnets using the quench code of Vector Fields’ Opera-3D. A multi-channel Tektronix DPO is used to record the signals of the current, voltage of the dump resistor, and other...
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) enables to offer many technical advantages, such as high energy efficiency, quick response and great controllability, and the SMES applications in distributed renewable energy sources are critical for power systems. This paper suggests a SMES to enhance the transient performance of a 100 kW grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation system, and...
High pulsed magnetic field is an important basic research tool, which has been used more and more widely in physics, biology and materials. Higher magnetic field can provide more opportunities for scientist to reveal new phenomena in scientific research. Aiming to achieve a higher magnetic field, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC) has designed a power supply system for 100 Tesla...
Today, researches on the all 2G HTS magnets are actively underway in the field of high magnetic fields. No-insulation coils without insulation between turn-to-turns are very stable against quenching. The characteristic resistance of the no-insulation coil depends on the turn-to-turn contact resistance, which is an important factor determining the current ramping rate. In no-insulation coils,...
LTS magnets are typically used and kept at 4K, but when being build or retrofitted they will be at ambient temperature. Cool-down at the factory or installation site can be done using LN2 and LHe, but this is an inefficient process involving a number of operational steps. This paper described how cool-down can be achieved simpler and more efficiently using a closed loop helium gas flow. In...
Thermal siphon system is a cooling method for a large scale superconducting magnet system by circulating cryogen through cooling channel. In this paper, a small scale prototype thermal siphon system for single crystal ingot growth magnet is designed based on liquid and gas He circulation. The designed system is tested as a part of design method validation process. The cooling performance of...
An electron beam ion source (EBIS) is required to fulfill the diverse requirements of proton-beam users facilitating enhanced application. Superconducting magnet is a critical part of EBIS, and cryogenic systems are essential for the design and the operation of the superconducting magnets. Thus, this study demonstrates the development of cryostat of 7 T superconducting solenoid for electron...
Since 1992, the largest Russian cryogenic helium complex of the superconducting accelerator Nuclotron with the cooling capacity of 4000 W at 4.5 K has been operating at JINR in Dubna. The construction of this high efficient cryogenic system included a large number of technical ideas that had never been applied before in the world: the fast cycling superconducting magnets, cooling by the...
The superconducting joint technology used for high-temperature superconductors (HTS) is key for realizing persistent operation of HTS magnets. Recently we have succeeded in developing a superconducting joint between REBCO conductors using a polycrystalline intermediate, which has a critical current (Ic) of >100 A at 77 K [1]; A REBCO micro-polycrystalline intermediate was prepared on the...
Bearingless motors (BMs) with built-in magnetic bearings are receiving more and more attention. Compared with other types of BMs, the bearingless synchronous reluctance motor (BSRM) has been extensively investigated due to its advantages of simple structure, low cost, low temperature rising and high speed drive. The BSRM is a typical nonlinear multivariable system. There is a strong magnetic...
Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is acknowledged as a potential forming method because of its advantages relative to traditional forming technique. However, the multi-physics coupling process makes it a daunting task to analyze the forming mechanism. It is necessary to decouple the effects of velocity and thermal in EMF. Since the electromagnetic ring expansion is used as a one-dimensional...
High temperature superconductors (HTS) have become a viable option for high field magnets, mainly due to its superior in-field current carrying capacity at greater than 20 T. However, the price of HTS conductors is still high and impedes widespread use. Provided that the need for a defect-free “long” piecelength of HTS conductor is a primary cost driver for most applications. Results...
Currently, the tubular linear permanent-magnet machine has been increasingly adopted for active vehicle suspension, since it has zero net radial force between the armature and stator, no end-windings, and volumetrically efficient. However, it suffers from relatively low thrust force and poor fault-tolerant capability. Thus, a novel modular-stator tubular vernier permanent-magnet machine will...
The future high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will include twenty 4.2 m long Nb3Sn high gradient quadrupole magnets which will be components of the triplets for two LHC insertion regions. In order to test these and four pre-production models, the vertical superconducting magnet test facility of the Superconducting Magnet Division (SMD) at Brookhaven National...
Electrical aircraft are an important area of modern engineering development to meet the increasing air travel demand while managing a reduction of dependence on fossil fuels. The challenge is exacerbated due to the high sensitivity of aircraft performance with respect to mass and therefore superconducting machines are seen as a possible solution. A key enabler is to reduce the overall size of...
This study presents the design and performance results of a pair of vapor-cooled MgB2 current leads for a 1.5 T MRI magnet developed by Kiswire Advanced Technology Ltd. in Korea. To reduce the liquid helium (LHe) consumption of the MRI system, the current leads were designed as a retractable type to be detached from the magnet operated under a persistent-current mode. From the cryogenic...
A 60T pulsed high magnetic field facility is designed for the study of magnetic material at Xi'an Jiaotong University. The pulsed high magnetic field facility is energized by two 1.2MJ/3.84mF capacitive power supplies. Each supply consists of 24 capacitor banks, a protection inductor, crowbar circuit, dump circuit. To simplify system configuration, two supplies are equipped with one charge...
In various industries, ultra-high speed motor is actively studied and developed for diverse industrial applications like generators/starters for micro gas turbines, turbo-compressor, vacuum pump and turbine generator. Electric Turbo Compounding System (E-TCS), which operates with motor/generator unit at a very-high speed, is the most realistic alternative technology that can respond to fuel...
With the increasing applications in physics, biology, chemistry and many other basic scientific fields, high-stability flat-top pulsed magnetic field is demanded for a higher field intensity and a lower ripple. To meet this demands, this paper proposes a hybrid power supply to generate a high-stability flat-top pulsed magnetic field at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center. The hybrid...
High magnetic field technology has played an important role in basic scientific researches. High-stability flat-top pulsed magnetic field can meet the demands of high field intensity and high stability in modern scientific experiments. The higher stability of flat-top magnetic field would be the more benefit to the observation of experimental phenomena (such as specific heat measurement and...
Switched reluctance machines are widely used in variety application in automotive, renewable energy, aerospace and domestic appliances sectors, due to its low cost, high torque capacity, simple and robust structure. In order to improve the reliability of SRM further, a dual-channel SRM (DCSRM) was proposed and their fault tolerant capacity was verified. However, the traditional topology of...
The most important point in electromagnetic design for the drive motor design of an electric TVC(Thrust vector control) system for space launch vehicle is the right choice of the maximum allowable current density considering the heat transfer condition of the vacuum environment and light weight design through high output density design. Thermal-electromagnetic interaction analysis considering...
Abstract—With the power conversion device proposes greater efficiency and higher power, the new HTS induction heating equipment shows a wide application prospect in the future in the field of metal material through heating treatment. Efficiency analysis for the traditional induction heating and new structures for the HTS induction heating are studied in this paper. Calculation models for...
As demand for motors that are capable of high-torque direct drive operation is increasing, Vernier motor is gaining its importance. Vernier motor is a type of permanent magnet (PM) motor, which is specialized for low speed and high torque operation applications. Unlike conventional PM synchronous motor (PMSM), which generates torque mainly from fundamental flux component, Vernier motor...
INTRODUCTION: Following to the recently emerging environmental regulations and energy depletion, HEV and EV draw attention as future cars. And there are many studies carried out for traction motor design. This study is about a design algorithm which can make wound field synchronous motor design easier and faster. Because main flux path is sensitive to magnetic saturation and heat problem is...
The High Field Magnet Laboratory has designed, manufactured and tested a pair of 20 kA binary vapour cooled/superconducting current leads for the superconducting outsert magnet of its 45 T hybrid magnet system, in close collaboration with the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (FL, USA). The resistive section of each lead consists of 22 parallel copper plates cooled by a flow of nitrogen...
Three large superconducting magnets have been designed and built by Sigmaphi (France) for the Jefferson Lab’s 11 GeV/C Superconducting Spectrometer. These SHMS Dipole and Q2/Q3 quadrupoles use the same collaring system based on aluminum force rings designed to ensure coil integrity and avoid conductor motion. The coil properties have been determined thanks to mechanical tests at room...
Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) was contracted by General Atomics Company to develop a superconducting feeder system containing a pair of 52 kA high temperature superconducting (HTS) current leads for ITER Central Solenoid （CS） magnet test. These HTS current leads are majorly based on the previous ITER lead design experiences. However, the vertical assembly...
We present a recent successful program to develop a 1.5 Tesla MRI magnet with a maximum helium inventory of less than 50 litres. The Magnet Technology Demonstrator was fully evaluated in a Siemens MRI system and found to deliver comparable imaging performance to a conventional bath-cooled magnet. As well as the development of the novel magnet technology, other key enabling technologies were...
In the frame of the ongoing design study of the Future Circular Collider (FCC), new options for detector magnets are being developed. In the current concept, the first phase of the FCC may be the FCC-ee, an electron-positron collider operating at energies up to 350 GeV in a 100 km long tunnel. As second phase it may be replaced by a 100 TeV hadron-hadron collider (FCC-hh). The particle...
A 100 MVA/100 MJ flywheel pulse generator system with the characteristics of high energy density and good control performance has been developed to energize the pulsed magnet at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC). To realize the flexible, accurate, real-time and safe remote monitoring of the pulse generator system, a set of monitoring system using the total control plus...
For the superconducting magnetic bearings (SMB) employed with stacked high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, rotational or linear, its static and dynamic performance are essential for engineering application. Up to now, most works reported on the HTS tapes of SMB were focused on experimentally or numerically studies on levitation and guidance forces under quasi-static conditions....
Surface permanent-magnet (SPM) machines with a fractional-slot concentrated winding (FSCW) present several advantages, such as high copper packing factor, short end-winding length, low cogging torque, small volume and good fault-tolerant capability, because of which SPM machines have been increasingly applied in aerospace applications. However, the key challenge of utilizing FSCW is abundant...
The dual-stator switched reluctance motor (SRM) is based on the traditional SRM and increases one electrical port with two stators and a rotor. The outer-stator adopts salient pole structure of 12 poles, the inner-stator adopts 6 poles, the middle-rotor is doubly salient with 8 poles. The outer-stator and inner-stator have concentrated windings. That is to say, the outer motor is three-phase...
For the virtues of no friction and abrasion, high-speed and high-precision, long life, and etc., bearingless motors have wide application prospects in high-purity and high-speed areas. Meanwhile, multi-phase motors are superior over three-phase motors for their higher torque density and lower torque ripple. For a five-phase motor, the torque density can be further increased when the...
In this research, we designed Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) type traction motor for 130kW Electrical Vehicle (EV). In addition, we analyzed its electromagnetic characteristics related to Permanent Magnet (PM) such as eddy current loss of PM, demagnetization, electromagnetic force especially radial magnetic force, and performed the noise analysis using the noise map in...
The requested beam precision of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) requires the regular calibration of the main components of the current control system such as the Zero-Flux Direct Current-Current Transducer (DCCT) and the analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) module at a level of 1ppm or better. To reach this goal, a dedicated calibration laboratory is designed and prepared...
In the past much of the emphasis in the development of Nb3Sn superconducting strands has been on improving the non-Cu critical current density (Jc). Different design Nb3Sn strands were manufactured by the bronze route artificially doped with titanium in bronze. The influences of bronze to Nb volume ratio, filament diameter and Ti content were studied.Bronze to Nb volume ratio affected Jc...
We have developed a desktop-type superconducting bulk magnet using a Stirling cryocooler with the aim of miniaturizing the magnet system. As a result of cooling and magnetizing tests using a GdBCO bulk material 45 mm in diameter and 15 mm thick, the lowest achieved temperature was 51.3 K, and the maximum trapped field was approximately 2.8 T at the center of the bulk surface in the applied...
Permanent magnet (PM), such as NdFeB, in the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) used to be irreversibly demagnetized when the motor operate at high temperature. Therefore, the motor is designed considering irreversible demagnetization of PM. However, it is difficult to optimize motor design because we can’t forecast the exact temperature of PM when the motor operate. In...
Practical Nb3Sn superconductive strands of composite material were utilized for a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) for ITER central solenoid (CS) which consist of 576 Nb3Sn strands, 288 Cu strands and a stainless-steel jacket. During the manufacture of CS, heat treatment up to 923 K is applied to the CICC for reaction of Sn and Nb in Nb3Sn strands. the CICC is cooled down to approximately 4 K...
For the high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils supplied by DC powers, a thermal disturbance may cause local temperature rise and irreversible damage because of constant current. In contrast, when a thermal disturbance occurs, the current flowing in a closed-loop HTS coil operated in persistent current mode (PCM) will decrease correspondingly. In this paper, a closed-loop single-pancake...
The detailed calculation of the current and losses distribution during the electrodynamic transients is of great importance for the design of superconducting accelerator magnets made of Rutherford cable. On the one hand, the current distribution affects the field harmonics generated by the superconducting magnet; on the other hand, the loss computation is necessary for the design of the...
Since MgB2 wires have been developed and commercially available, large scale cable assembled with MgB2 strands is required for fabricating Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) devices. To form the MgB2 superconducting material, heat treatment procedure is needed forming intermetallic compounds like Nb3Sn. In general, magnets using those types of materials are constructed in simple...
This paper analyzed the flux characteristics of a single-phase tubular switched reluctance linear motor (TSRLM) based on magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method. The stator is composed of a stator sleeve and a bread type winding. There are two teeth on the stator. The bread type winding is embedded in the slot of the stator, which can improve the coil factor and decrease the end effect. The...
Linear induction motors (LIMs) have been widely applied in urban transit systems, such as in metros and low-speed magnetically levitated train. Due to the inherent eddy-current loss on the secondary reaction plate, the LIM applied in urban rail transit suffers from poor power factor and efficiency. And the efficiency of the current linear synchronous motors in urban rail transit is also...
A thin superconducting solenoid is used to provide magnetic field in the CMD-3 particle detector. For power supply of the solenoid a superconducting fullwave AC/DC rectifier is designed. The rectifier is a current step-up superconducting transformer with two thermally controlled superconducting switches connected to its secondary windings. The CMD-3 solenoid is indirectly cooled, so the...
The simulation analysis of thermal and electromagnetic behaviors in ReBCO coils after a local normal conduction transition has been performed by many research groups. The numerical analysis, however, were about the behaviors after generating an initial normal spot and the occurrence factor of the initial normal conduction transition has not been sufficiently clarified yet. To clarify the...
For the high luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider (LHC) the US accelerator research program (LARP) is developing a magnet designated MQXF and its associated 40 strand Nb3Sn Rutherford cable designated QXF. To suppress interstrand coupling currents generated during field ramp 25 μm thick stainless steel cores may be included in the QXF cables. For the present study cables with cores...
It is generally agreed that the development of a self-protective MgB2 magnet may not be achieved because of the slow normal-zone propagation velocity of the MgB2 wires, compared to their low-temperature superconductor counterparts. However, the use of the no-insulation (NI) winding technique can allow the MgB2 magnet to be self-protecting, because the excessive heat and current generated by...
In the ITER magnets consisting of Nb3Sn conductors, the magnets are fabricated through the so-called wind & react (W & R) technique. In the W & R process, the conductors are wound prior to the heat treatment to form the Nb3Sn superconducting strands from the non-superconducting ductile precursor ones. Then the heat-treated windings are encased into the radial plate keeping their winding shape...
In the framework of the French-German project Iseult, we chose to design the 4.5 K vapor cooled current leads of the 11.75 T MRI magnet using a burn-proof approach, i.e. they are able to withstand a 3-hour current slow dump without any active cooling. This constraint led us to select brass instead of pure copper, resulting in higher mass and thus in higher thermal stability. The drawback is a...
The MRI industry is reliant on persistent-mode superconducting electromagnets for high magnetic fields and increased stability. Achieving persistent coils is entirely dependent on the formation of high quality superconducting joints, currently made using Pb-Bi solder. Whilst this is an effective solution, there is legislative pressure to remove the lead even from medical instruments. There is...
For the development of CC-tapes based bearings and transportation systems it is important to have not only information on the levitation force, but also the data on stability of the system in response to the lateral displacements. This work continues series of studies on the levitation properties of CC-tapes stacks and primarily focuses on the guidance force. In our report, we present new...
The high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk in cryostats is an important part of HTS maglev systems. For the potential application to evacuated tube transportation, it is necessary to recognize the levitation and guidance performance of the bulk under a low-pressure condition. Based on a home-made pressure-reducing platform, we have studied the levitation performance of two kinds of bulks...
For the safe operation of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicles, the liquid nitrogen level of the onboard cryostat should be monitored in real-time during the whole running process. The previous liquid nitrogen level detection method was proposed by using platinum resistance sensors as testing equipment and estimating the liquid level by threshold value judgment. However, the...
The "Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research - FAIR" will be built near the premises of the renowned physical research institute GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH in Darmstadt Germany. The company Luvata has been the sole supplier for low loss Superconducting wires for the SIS100 main magnets. SIS100 is a ring accelerator (heavy ion synchrotron) with a circumference of 1100...
With the introduction of new wide bore, high field magnets up to 19 Tesla at 150mm and 15 Tesla at 270mm cold bore, new large insert designs have lead to an interest in low vibration measurements with large sample sizes at low temperature. Oxford is developing a new generation of high persistence, high field, wide bore magnets moving on from the current generation of driven magnets requiring...
An magnet was manufactured and tested for a 1 MJ/0.5 MVA Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage and Fault Current Limiter system (SMES-FCL) with HTS tapes recently. It consists of 46 double pancakes with an inductance of 13.3 H, and the rated operating current is 388 A, the maximum magnetic field is up to 3.5 T. In this paper, the fabrication and tests of the 46 double pancakes, the...
The paper describes the result of the ITER feeder main busbar joint sample qualification test as confirmation of the requirement of busbar joint resistance; 2 nΩ at 70 kA at zero background field, as well as those of joint performance in various magnetic fields to investigate stability and current distribution characteristics in feeder-type joint box. The results support the quality of the...
The advent of new kind of superconductors can introduce a new application age. Modern magnet designs and applications push towards persistent mode system realized with multiple superconductive connected coils. The quality of field persistence is fundamental in order to characterize the goodness of the superconductive joint technical implementation. A theoretical methodology able to predict the...
The high-frequency high-voltage (HFHV) transformer acts as a key part for galvanic isolation, energy transmission and voltage conversion in high-frequency resonant converter. And the performance is highly affected by the parasitic parameters, especially the parasitic capacitance. However, the existing techniques have a lot of shortcomings when determining the parasitic capacitance of...
High pulsed magnetic field is becoming more and more widely used in physics, biology and materials. For serving scientific experiments better, a power supply system for 100 Tesla magnetic field is designed at Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC). In the preliminary design, the 100 Tesla magnet consists of three coils in a coaxial structure. The outer coil is powered by...
Nb-rod-method Cu-Nb reinforced bronze process Nb3Sn (Cu-Nb/Nb3Sn) wires are applicable to React-and-Wind processed Nb3Sn coils. The Cu-Nb composite material functions as a reinforcing stabilizer during the superconducting magnet operation. Moreover, it suppresses the damage of reacted Nb3Sn filaments due to the applied stress during manufacturing process such as the pre-bending treatment, the...
Variable Flux Memory Motor(VFMM) is able to vary its magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet(PM). Thus, VFMM has advantage for high speed operation with higher efficiency, when field intensity of PM is reduced. However, shape of the motor and arrangement of PM are important factors within restricted geometry of VFMM, because large d-axis current pulse is requisite to achieve high...
After mass production for ITER, Western Superconducting Technologies, Co. Ltd. (WST) still takes great efforts at internal-tin (IT) Nb3Sn strand with higher Jc and lower Qh, for next generation of fusion reactors, such as DEMO in Europe and CFETR in China. Three routes, i.e. Cu split, Sn spacers and 37 subelements were carried out to obtain such strand, based on the structure and process of IT...
In 2015, the first ever polarized Drell-Yan experiment was performed at the COMPASS spectrometer at CERN. A 190 GeV/c pion beam with an intensity of 108 pions/s interacted with a transversely polarized NH3 target. The hydrogen nuclei in the solid-state NH3 are polarized by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in a 2.5 T longitudinal magnetic field, while the target material is cooled down to...
It is well known that critical current (Ic) of an high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet comprising a stack of pancake coils is limited by that of "one" pancake, while the rest of the pancakes still have substantial margin to their own Ic. This unfavorable design issue is often mitigated by the so-called multi-width (MW) technique, where pancake coils wound with the narrowest tapes were...
Current leads with use of high temperature superconductors (HTS) permit to reduce sufficiently heat transfer to liquid helium in many superconducting magnets applications. They are one of the widest HTS applications. For example, in Large Hadron Collider more than 3000 units of such current leads are used providing sufficient saving of heat transfer to liquid helium. HTS current leads made of...
A coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) is a non-contact machine that is used to transfer torque and to accelerate or decelerate. This type of gear has several advantages, including no mechanical loss, no required maintenance, and outstanding protection against overload [1]. As a result, they are used in various applications, such as wind power generation and electric vehicles. However, CMGs have high...
Nuclotron-based Ion Collider state-of-art design involves innovative solutions in superconductive applied technology. Thanks to its consolidated experience, ASG has been directly involved into the program by providing to Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) a large 0.5 T Nb-Ti superconductive magnet equipped with an active (resistive) modulation system. Typical solutions have been...
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) agreed to construct and test the High Temperature Superconductor Current Leads (HTS-CL) for the tokamak JT-60SA presently under construction in the frame of the Broader Approach agreement between Europe and Japan. In total 6 HTS-CLs for 25.7 kA for the TF coils and 20 HTS-CLs for 20 kA for the PF and CS coils are required and all of them have to be...
HTS superconducting magnets for MRI or NMR should be operated in persistent current mode to achieve high homogeneity and stability. A persistent current switch and a superconducting joint are the key technologies for persistent current operation. Recently, a superconducting joint has been fabricated successfully in Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. We made a persistent current system including the...
This study focused on efficiency improvement of BLDC motors via reduction of torque ripple, core loss, and permanent magnet loss. To achieve this objective, we proposed an improved 150° commutation method for three-phase permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motors to improve the current waveform. Although the 120° commutation method is generally employed for a BLDC motor, the 150° commutation...
Second generation (2G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes are now capable of carrying very high transport current and promising for a wide range of applications. A large-capacity wind generator prototype has been developed using HTS tapes. The racetrack coils wound with 2G HTS tapes are used in the rotor, whereas the conventional technology is employed in the stator. The reliability...
When a high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet consisting of a stack of pancake coils is wound, precisely controlling both the outer diameter and number of turns in the coil is difficult, mainly due to manufacturing uncertainty of the HTS tapes. To “arbitrarily” adjust the number of turns in each pancake is often adopted to precisely control the outer diameters, which obviously...
Advances in HTS technology have the potential to enable high field magnets with fields in excess of the maximum obtainable with purely LTS magnets. HTS insert coils may be operated in the bore of a high field LTS magnet, or ‘outsert’, in order to enhance the overall central field. The HTS inserts are usually operated at the same low temperatures as the LTS coils as this allows a common cooling...
The high luminosity upgrade project US LARP/HiLumi has successfully tested the first 1.5 m prototype quadrupole MQXFS1 at Fermilab’ Magnet test facility. Several thermal cycles and test programs were performed, with different pre-load configurations. To localize the quenches a quench antenna and the information of the voltage taps is used. The Quench Antenna was placed in the warm bore of an...
Cea Saclay, in collaboration with the French SMI Sigmaphi, have fabricated a 50 kg solenoid with 2 km of Columbus MgB2 rectangular wire (3*0.7 mm²). The magnet was powered with 100 A at about 10 K and reached 4.2 T on the wire, with an external magnetic field of 3 T. A comparison between the protection and stability theoretical study and experimental results is presented. The quench...
Since 2010 to present, several sub-size magnet assemblies, designed as test beds for impregnated Nb3Sn-based coil technology validation, are tested at the CERN Superconducting Magnet Test Facility (SM18). These Short Model Coils (SMC) and Racetrack Model Coil (RMC) have been used to characterize two types of Rutherford cables foreseen for the coils of the Nb3Sn magnets for the HL-LHC and High...
The planned upgrade of the LHC collimation system requires the installation of 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. Due to the large stored energy density and the low copper stabilizer section, the quench protection of these magnets is particularly challenging. A total of ten coils assembled in five single aperture and two double aperture short model magnets have been tested at CERN with different...
For the upgrade of the booster of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in France, an IGBT based ramping current injection system for the dipole electromagnets has been developed, delivered and commissioned. The main function of the dipole power supply is to drive the necessary voltage for an accurate 4 Hz triangular current wave injection in the electromagnets with peak value of current...
In Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, a new explosive DC breaker switch based on the pulsed electromagnetic forming (EMF) technology is developed to shut down the Battery Bank power supply for protecting the long pulsed magnetic field system when terrible fault happens. The switch is reformed from the aluminum wire electrical explosive switch of the Laboratoire National des Champs...
Pulse generator is one of the common power supply for flat-top pulsed magnetic field for its advantages of large energy storage and flexible control. However, some characteristics of pulse generator, such as nonlinearity and time-varying, limit the effect of measures by optimizing control strategy to improve the stability of flat-top. On the base of pulse generator power supply system for...
A magnet composed by three coaxially nested coils has been developed to generate 100 Tesla pulsed magnetic field at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC). The flywheel generator system has great energy storage density and can control the waveform of the magnet current, therefore the outer coil is energized by a 100 MVA/100 MJ flywheel pulse generator. To reduce the magnet heat...
The electrical interconnections between the LHC main magnets are made of soldered joints (splices) of two superconducting Rutherford cables stabilized by a copper busbar. In 2009, a number of splices were found not properly stabilized and could have burnt through in case of quench at high current. The LHC was therefore operated at reduced energy and all Rutherford-cable joints were...
A rig was fabricated to test single-strand excitation and current sharing in Nb3Sn Rutherford Cables. Measurements were performed on a 40 centimeters length of 27-strand cored and non-cored cables which were mounted on a U-shaped holder. Samples were reacted and epoxy impregnated using magnet-like protocols. Current was injected into a single strand at varying I/Ic and a heat pulse was used to...
In the traditional magnetic bearings, displacement sensors are used to estimate position of rotors, which increase size and cost of magnetic bearings, and decrease its dynamic performance. The soft sensing technology can not only solve the problems above, but also eliminate the mutual coupling of motion equations, which makes the design of controller easier. As a result, soft sensing...
We present the current status of design, testing and manufacturing of the magnet system of the PENeLOPE neutron lifetime measurement experiment, carried out by Babcock Noell GmbH on behalf of and in close cooperation with Technical University of Munich. Ultra cold neutrons produced by the experimental reactor facility in Garching are stored in a large volume magnetic bottle and held confined...
It has previously observed that superconducting magnets have been conventionally excited by a unified current which limited by the largest perpendicular magnetic field usually on the top of magnet due to anisotropic properties . In this case, the current carrying capacity of these pancake windings except that on the ends of the magnet can’t get fully used .This paper provides a new method to...
An apparatus is constructed for Nb3Al short wires heat treatment with rapid heating and quenching (RHQ) method. Multifilamentary Nb/Al precursors are fabricated by rod-in-tube (RIT), powder-in-tube (PIT) and jelly-roll (JR) processes. These precursors are RHQ heat treated in the apparatus and then transformation heat treated at 800 °C for 10 h in a vacuum furnace. Transport and magnetization...
MgB2 wires with Tc ~ 39 K has been developed for the applications such as various coils. Considering hydrogen society in the future, MgB2 coils for the Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) devices under conduction cooling are worth serious consideration. First, the authors evaluated critical current density in commercially available MgB2 wires as a function of magnetic field and...
Recently, As environmental problems such as global warming have appeared, MPES (Minimum Energy Performance standard) that regulates the efficiency of industrial induction motor is being implemented centered on developed countries. MPES limits the use of induction motors less than a certain efficiency to improve the energy efficiency. There are cases where the use of induction motors below IE4...
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes are expected to improve small sized high field magnets such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). The authors proposed the force-balanced coils (FBC) concept as a feasibility option for SMES. Although the FBC can minimize the mechanical stresses induced by the electromagnetic forces, the FBC has three-dimensional complex shapes of...
A facility, which will generate 100 T pulsed high magnetic field, is under development recently at Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC). The pulsed magnet is composed of three coils, and driven by four power supplies of three types. The outer coil is driven by the battery bank of 1620 lead-acid batteries connected in series with the 100 MVA / 100 MJ pulsed generator, The middle...
The 32T all-superconducting user magnet comprised of a REBCO tape pancake-wound dual-coil insert and an LTS multi-coil outsert has been tested at the NHMFL. The magnet protected-quench behavior was simulated using a custom-written Fortran computer code. The simulation results and their sensitivity to the input data are discussed. The effect of insert quench protection system parameters on the...
A prototype HTS (High Temperature Superconductor) quadrupole magnet of In-flight fragment separator was developed and successfully tested to generate field gradient of 9 T/m. This paper describes thermal characteristics of the quadrupole magnet. The magnet is composed of four race-track coils and each coil consists of two double pancake coils with ReBCO wires and stainless steel tape for...
A 3 T 100 mm all-REBCO multi-width (MW) no-insulation (NI) magnet was designed constructed, and currently being tested at the Korea Basic Science Institute. Key features of the magnet include use of “metallic cladding (MC)” REBCO tapes, i.e., a 1-um thick stainless steel cladding layer hermetically surrounds the tape in order to increase the turn-to-turn contact resistanc of the NI coils. The...
A REBCO pancake coils using a no-insulation (NI) winding technique is received attention. An NI winding technique greatly enhances the thermal stability of REBCO pancake coils, and it is desired to be applied to high magnetic field NMR/MRI magnet, etc. The high thermal stability of NI REBCO magnets was confirmed in many experiments and numerical simulations, even though any accident due to...
The Grenoble steady magnetic field facility is one of the four high field facilities part of the European Magnetic Field Laboratory. The upgrade of the Grenoble facility has started in 2013 and aims in a first phase at increasing the electrical power from 24 to 30 MW and to develop the high field magnets accordingly. A new 18 MW power converter has been made available to users in 2017 and...
The JT-60SA experiment will be the world’s largest superconducting tokamak when it is assembled in 2019 in Naka, Japan (R=3m, a=1.2m). It is being constructed jointly by institutions in the EU and Japan under the Broader Approach agreement. Manufacturing of the six NbTi equilibrium / poloidal field coils, which have a diameter of up to 12m, has been completed. So far 14 of the 18 NbTi toroidal...
Japanese researchers succeeded in developing a 1.02GHz NMR (24T) in 2014. The next field target is a 1.3GHz (30.5T) and we have commenced designing a high resolution 1.3GHz LTS/HTS NMR magnet, operated in persistent current (PC) mode. The basic concept and relevant technical problems are identified in this paper.
To reduce the magnet size, high current density HTS coils are used that generate...
In 2005 the Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Fields (COHMAG) issued a challenge to develop a 30 T high-resolution NMR magnet. In response, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) is investigating all three commercially available high-temperature superconductors (HTS) including REBCO, Bi-2212 and most recently, a reinforced Bi-2223 conductor supplied by Sumitomo...
In the framework of the EuroCirCol project the high field accelerator magnet design work package 5 focuses on double-aperture dipole magnets made of Nb3Sn conductors and providing a field of 16 T in a 50-mm aperture. Three options are considered: block-coils, common-coils and cosine-¬theta, the workload being shared between several research institutes. All options are explored and compared...
We have developed RE-Ba-Cu-O (REBCO; RE=rare earth) superconducting magnet operated in subcooled liquid nitrogen (68 K). The superconducting magnet is a stack of six double pancake (DP) coils. Each DP coil was made of a REBCO coated conductor. The conductor was insulated by polyimide tape wrappings. The width and thickness of the insulated conductor were 4 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively. The...
The construction of a full-superconducting tokamak referred as JT-60 Super Advanced (JT-60SA) is in progress under the JA-EU broader approach projects. The magnet system of JT-60SA consists of 18 toroidal field (TF) coils, 4 modules of central solenoid (CS) and 6 equilibrium field (EF) coils.
The diameter, the height, the number of layers and the number of turns of CS module are 2.0 m, 1.6 m,...
In the framework of Broader Approach program for the early realization of fusion with the construction of JT-60SA tokamak, ENEA has to provide 9 of the 18 TF coils of JT-60SA magnet system. The supply has been subsequently increased to include the procurement of an additional TF coil for spare purposes. The production of the spare coil started in 2016, after the supply to ASG of the...
Since 2014, the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, and the SuNAM Co., Ltd. have been on international collaboration to develop a 9.4 T (400 MHz $^1$H frequency) 100 mm winding-diameter metal-clad no-insulation all-REBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-x}$ (REBCO, RE = Rare Earth) high-resolution NMR magnet cooled by...
EuroCirCol is a conceptual design study for a post-LHC research infrastructure based on an energy-frontier 100 TeV circular hadron collider. In the frame of the high-field accelerator magnet design work package of this study, the feasibility of a 16-T dipole in common coil configuration is being studied. This paper shows the electromagnetic calculations performed to achieve the required field...
After LHC will be turned off, a new accelerator machine will be needed in order to explore unknown high-energy Physics regions. For this reason, the project FCC (Future Circular Collider) has started at CERN, with the target of studying the feasibility of a very large hadron collider with 50 TeV proton beams in a 100 km circumference. The EuroCirCol project is part of the FCC study under...
Nowadays, remotely-controlled catheter ablation has emerged as a novel approach to reduce fluoroscopy exposure and provide stable and reproducible catheter movement during in cardiac surgeries for arrhythmias. A remote catheter magnetic navigation system (MNS) which provides real-time navigation of the catheter in the heart is under development in IEE. The catheter navigation system consists...
JT-60SA is a fusion experiment which is jointly constructed by Japan and Europe and which shall contribute to the early realization of fusion energy, by providing support to the operation of ITER, and by addressing key physics issues for ITER and DEMO. In order to achieve these goals, the existing JT-60U experiment will be upgraded to JT-60SA by using superconducting coils. The 18 TF coils of...
A project to develop fundamental technologies for accelerator magnets using REBCO coated conductors is currently underway funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).
In this project, an FFAG (fixed field alternating gradient) accelerator for the carbon cancer therapy system is one of the primary applications. In the first step of this project, REBCO coils with complicated winding...
The US HEP Magnet Development Program is developing accelerator insert coils based on REBCO coated conductors. These insert coils will operate in high dipole or quadrupole background fields and enhance the field generated by the outsert coils made of Nb$_3$Sn or NbTi conductors. The inserts are of canted $\cos\theta$ (CCT) design configuration, which effectively intercepts the accumulation of...
The determination of coupling losses induced in cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) when subject to time-varying magnetic field is a major issue commonly encountered in large fusion tokamaks (e.g. JT-60SA, ITER, DEMO). The knowledge of these losses is crucial to determine the stability of CICCs but is yet difficult to achieve analytically in a satisfying way given the specific and complex...
A HTS linear synchronous motor prototype that could be used as the traction system of high speed railway was demonstrated in our laboratory. The stator was made of traditional ferromagnetic yoke and three-phase copper windings. To control the three-phase travelling magnetic field of the stator, a frequency-variable convertor was applied to the system. Different from the permanent magnet mover...
For the past few years, notable progress has been made in the no-insulation (NI) high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet technology. Electromagnetic (thus fast) quench propagation, the key mechanism for the "self-protecting", has been demonstrated in experiments of >100 NI modules and test coils, as well as various numerical simulations. Major drawbacks of the NI technique, including...
Due to low turn-to-turn contact resistances, non-insulated (NI) REBCO coils possess much higher thermal stability than their insulated counterparts. Experiments even showed that NI coils are in general self-protecting, recovering from a quench without external quench protection mechanisms. Recent studies showed that an uncontained local quench can amplify itself quickly, leading to an abrupt...
A straightforward analytical model is presented that describes the observed slow thermal drift of the conduction-cooled ReBCO coils developed for the EcoSwing project. In the vicinity of their critical surface, both the temperature and the voltage across these coils drift upwards in response to a current step, on a time-scale ranging from minutes to hours. Eventually, such drift results either...
A novel Permanent-magnet Machine with Counter-rotating Dual Rotors (PMCDR) is proposed in order to improve operation performance of underwater vehicle anti-rotation propulsion system. It can be substantially simplify system structure, decrease volume, reduce mass and cost, moreover, improve reliability without brush and slip-ring. The idea and principle of electromagnetic design are provided...
A portable magnet system based on bulk (RE)BCO, high temperature bulk superconductors, which constitute high-field magnets, has been designed constructed. The use of a small-volume sterling cryocooler with a base temperature of 50 K has enabled a portable and compact magnet design. The magnetization of the bulk superconductors was realized by a pulsed field magnetization (PFM) technique. The...
US Magnet Development Program (MDP) is developing a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator for a post-LHC pp Collider. The magnet design is based on 60-mm aperture 4-layer shell-type coils, graded between the inner and outer layers to maximize the magnet performance. An innovative mechanical structure based on aluminum IC-clamps and a thick stainless steel skin was developed to preload brittle Nb3Sn...
The Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICCs) for the ITER magnets are subjected to fast changing magnetic fields during the plasma-operating scenario. In order to anticipate to the limitations of the conductors under the foreseen operating conditions, it is essential to have a better understanding of the stability margin of the magnets. In the last decade ITER has launched a campaign for...
The flux-reversal linear permanent magnet machines (FRLPMs) have the features of high thrust density, high efficiency and robust stator structure, which make it a suitable solution for linear traction motors, wave energy generators and linear servo motors. But the FRLPMs suffer from the doubly-salient structure and thus it is hard to further improve the flux-linkage and the thrust density of...
Demand continues to be high for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires and tapes to wind coils of high field quality for NMR or MRI applications. A magnet bore field mapper of relatively simple design and operation is needed to confirm the low-order spherical harmonics during testing after construction of such coils, irrespective of compensation. Presented here is one probe design of a...
Large-scaled induction furnaces for non-ferrous metal billets operated at commercial frequency have an energy efficiency of only 50~60% due to the considerable loss from the copper coils used to generate the magnetic fields. Efforts to improve their efficiency are hampered by physical limits. A DC induction heating using HTS magnets has been suggested for achieving higher energy efficiency. A...
The Normal Zone Propagation Velocity (NZPV) and quench are areas of intense research for High Temperature Superconductors (HTS). While normal zones travel with speeds in the order of magnitude of m/s in Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS), in HTS coated conductors this speed is in the order of cm/s. This makes ensuring a quick and uniform quench, and thereby the cryostability of tapes,...
Babcock Noell GmbH (BNG) and the Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IBPT) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) are collaborating in an R&D program focused on the development of superconducting undulators (SCUs). After successfully completing SCU15, a full scale 15 mm period length device installed in ANKA in 2015, the team developed SCU20 a second device with 20 mm period...
The Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IBPT) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Babcock Noell GmbH (BNG) are collaborating to develop superconducting undulators for ANKA and low emittance light sources. The collaboration is now focusing on a superconducting undulator with a period length of 20 mm (SCU20) planned to be installed at the accelerator test facility and...
Quench propagation and degradation properties are critical in quench detection and protection of high temperature superconductor (HTS). It is essential to understand the strain influence on quench propagation velocity (QPV) and degradation limits in HTS in practical applications since there are unavoidable for pre-strain and deformation in its manufacture and operation. In the present work,...
Small tube bulging by electromagnetic forming is a challenging issue because the coil must be placed inside of the pipe to generate repulsion electromagnetic force. To solve this problem, a novel method for forming pipe fittings by using electromagnetic attraction is proposed. To generate an electromagnetic attraction, a special current is used to drive the coil. This special current consists...
The Future Circular Collider is at the conceptual design phase and one of the main components are the high-field Nb3Sn dipole magnets targeting 16 T of bore field. With very high current densities and high stored energy, the quench protection is an essential part of the magnet design. The quench protection design relies largely on simulations and naturally, the reliability of the software is...
During the last decade nine multipole superconducting wigglers were manufactured in BINP on the base of NbTi superconductor. These wigglers are operating in various synchrotron radiation centers worldwide. High magnet design parameters were achieved by using the NbTi wire of high NbTi/Cu ratio, up to a factor of 2, and by grading current density in coils. So, further increase in the magnet...
A major problem of long duration manned missions in the deep space is the flow of high energy charged particles of solar (SPE) and galactic (GCR) origin. SPEs have short duration but can be extremely intense and can lead to acute, even lethal, effects. GCR flux is much less intense but is continuous, isotropic and more energetic; it increases the risk of carcinogenesis and can affect the...
The ITER TF Insert (TFI) coil is a 43 m long single-layer solenoid wound in the grooves of a stainless steel mandrel, using one of the Nb3Sn circular cable-in-conduit conductors adopted in the winding of the ITER TF coils and cooled with supercritical He in forced circulation at ~4.5 K. The TFI is the last in a series of ITER Insert Coils, all tested in the bore of the ITER Central Solenoid...
China Spallaion Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerators include a 80 MeV Linac, 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. There are nearly 300 magnets for these accelerators, including 24 DC biased 25Hz AC dipole magnets, 48 DC biased 25Hz quadrupole magnets, 16 DC sextupole magnets, 34 AC correcting magnets and 23 injection & extraction magnets for the RCS and other DC...
In the electromagnetic tube expansion process, both electromagnetic force and workpiece deformation are axisymmetric. Hence, the forming performance of tube is better than that of sheet and then electromagnetic tube expansion is widely used in industry processing. However, the cylindrical coil is always applied to generate the electromagnetic force in electromagnetic tube expansion process at...
No-insulation (NI) high temperature superconductor (HTS) winding approach has been progressing as a promising technique to produce compact, reliable and robust magnets, and has demonstrated electromagnetic quench propagation and self-protecting nature. Comprehensive distributed network simulation models have been used to understand the mechanism of the self-protecting behavior in a qualitative...
An electromagnetic induction coilgun system accelerates a projectile in the axial direction which is a non-periodic moving. In addition, since the electromagnetic coilgun system converts the electrical energy to mechanical energy, the interactions between variables are very complex. Therefore, during a design process of the coilgun system, the design considerations are much more complicated...
The 3-GeV Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) has achieved the designed high power beam operation at 1 MW output. The study of an upgrade plan is then started to realize the 1.5-MW beam power. Regarding the radiation protection at the upgrade plan, a new injection system has been proposed to secure enough space for radiation shielding and...
The EU-funded EcoSwing project aims at demonstrating the world's first superconducting low-cost and lightweight wind turbine generator. This generator will use field coils based on second generation (2G) HTS wire which are manufactured using Pro-Line HTS tapes. During the development subscale test coils with different number of turns were produced and tested in liquid nitrogen as well as...
The ITER magnetic system includes 18 Toroidal Field (TF) Coils constructed using Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor. Each TF coil comprises a Winding Pack (WP) composed of 7 Double Pancake (DP) modules stacked together, impregnated and inserted into a stainless steel coil case. 10 TF coils are being produced in Europe, under the responsibility of Fusion for Energy (the European Domestic...
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, (QST), as Japan Domestic Agency in ITER, has responsibility to procure 9 ITER Toroidal Field (TF) coils. QST completed series production of the first seven double-pancakes (DP), all of which are for the first TF coil. The target tolerance of impregnated DP, 2 mm flatness, was achieved in all these DPs. These DPs were...
High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) generator for a large-scale wind power generation system draws much attention as a contemporary research item. Excitation systems in HTS generators, particularly brushless HTS exciters are a new challenge.This paper deals with the performance analysis of a 10 kW HTS wind power generator with brushless exciter and examines application possibility of the...
Qualification tests of the ITER Toroidal Field (TF) conductor joints have been carried out by testing short joint samples with test facilities in National Institute for Fusion Science. The joint sample consists of two short TF conductors with the length of 1,535 mm, which is restricted by the conductor test facility with 9 T split coils and 100 kA current leads. Each conductor has two joint...
Outside of the application field of (scientific) particle accelerators, in the applications area of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, demanding modules similar to accelerator magnets are developed and used: high field accuracy, high power levels (for high productivity), ultra-high vacuum regimes (EUV lithography), very limited outgassing and particle contamination (contamination of...
Sumitomo Electric has been developing conduction-cooled magnets using Bi2223 wire (DI-BSCCO). Due to high in-field critical current of the wire, the magnets can operate around 20 K. Consequently, iterative excitations and, central field of 10 T or R. T. bore of 300 mm in diameter have been achieved. With respect to reliability of the magnets, quench (thermal runaway) protection might be a...
Performance of the ITER toroidal field (TF) coil conductor has been measured in the SULTAN facility with 3.6 m straight configuration and joints at the sample top and bottom. However, this test condition includes large gradients of magnetic field along the conductor length caused by its only 0.45 m high field length. This condition, which is not present inside the ITER TF coils, could lead to...
The dynamic strain/stress characteristics and responds of a low temperature superconducting (LTS) sextupole magnet during excitation, pre and post spontaneous quench are investigated in the present work. The strains are measured by using a half-bridge circuit composed of a cryogenic strain gauge and dummy resistances. The strain gauges are directly embedded within the magnet structure, which...
The ITER Central Solenoid (CS) components are now being manufactured. This superconducting magnet will provide the magnetic flux swing required to induce up to 15 MA as plasma current. It includes six identical coils, called modules, stacked on top of each other to form a solenoid, enclosed inside a structure that has nine subsets, to provide vertical pre-compression and mechanical support....
A high precision superconducting levitation system for gravity measurement has been developed which used the levitation of a superconducting sphere by the magnetic field of two superconducting coils. The magnetic levitation is designed to provide independent adjustment of the levitating force and the force gradient. A GM cryocooler is employed to cooldown the system. This article reviews the...
Following a decision made at the ITER Council in November 2013, two types of In-Vessel Coils (IVCs), namely ELM Coils to mitigate Edge Localized Modes and VS Coils to provide Vertical Stabilization, have been incorporated in the ITER design. Strong coupling with the plasma is required so that the ELM and VS Coils can meet their performance requirements. Accordingly, the IVCs are in close...
A short stroke and large thrust axial magnetized tubular permanent magnet linear launcher (TPMLL) with non-ferromagnetic rings is presented in this paper. Its 3D finite element (FE) models are established for sensitivity analyses on some parameters, such as air gap thickness, permanent magnet thickness, permanent magnet width, stator yoke thickness and four types of permanent magnet material,...
We have developed A 9 T Cryocooler Cooled NbTi superconducting magnets. The system has a 60 mm cool bore and 0.1% homogeneity over a 10 mm diameter and 15mm length region. The cooling power of the cryocooler is 1.5 W at 4.2 K. The cool down time from room temperature to operating temperature is 15 hours. Three different diameter NbTi wire was used for winding the mangnet. The maximum...
Persistent current mode operation of a second generation (2G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet is one of the bottleneck techniques for an HTS NMR or MRI applications. In order to realize the persistent current mode in the HTS magnet, the authors had proposed the concept of joint-less winding method with 2G HTS wide conductors and verified successfully that it could maintain...
The high pulsed magnetic field is an important scientific research tool for physics, material science, chemistry, medicine and so on. And the pulsed power supply plays an important role in generating pulsed magnetic field.Among all kinds of pulsed power supply,the capacitor bank power supply is most widely used for its simply structure and high reliability. And the resonant constant current...
Recently, brushless double-fed machines (BDFMs) have been widely developed due to the wide application prospects in electric power generation fields with variable speed, constant voltage and constant frequency performances and speed regulating systems using large capacity motor. The magnetic field generated by the two sets of windings, which are both located in the BDFM stator, indirectly...
Recently, flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motors have been widely developed due to the merits of high power density, essentially sinusoidal back-EMF, and high fault-tolerance capability. However, FSPM motors usually suffer from disadvantages of high usage of rare-earth permanent magnet (PM) material and relatively low flux-weakening capability. So hybrid excitation flux-switching (HEFS)...
High field resistive magnets are traditionally build by stacking hundreds of so-called Bitter disks together to form a coil. Nowadays, these disks have strongly elongated cooling holes, arranged in a staggered pattern that improves the distributions of hoop stresses by the Lorentz force load on the disks. Near the outer diameter one finds larger holes, round or flattened, to accommodate a...
Tubular permanent magnet (TPM) motors have been applied to many direct drive systems such as electromagnetic suspension. Double-stator structure can take best use of the motor space and increase the slot area. The flux-modulation structure is based on magnetic gear effect, which makes full use of effective harmonic components of magnetic field. Thus, this structure can increase the force...
Among the various industries, the use of IPMSM in electric vehicle is increasing.In particular, in the case of an electric vehicle drive motor, the mechanical strength of the rotor is important because it operates in a high-speed operation region.Therefore, the double layer V-shaped magnet type IPMSM is more widely used in electric vehicles currently selling, because the double layer V-shaped...
Permanent magnet (PM) motors are field magnetic fluxes generated from PMs without external current input, which is advantageous in terms of power density and efficiency than non-PM motors. Due to these advantages, it has recently been applied in various fields such as electric vehicle and home appliances. The PM motor used mainly in the past was a surface mounted type in which PMs were...
We have been studying on a superconducting motor for highly efficient transportation equipment. Target motor of our study is a High Temperature Superconducting Induction/Synchronous Motor (HTS-ISM). Basic structure of the HTS-ISM is the same as that of so-called squirrel-cage induction motor, and HTS tapes are used in its rotor bars and end rings. Based on experiments and analysis, it has been...
The Magnet Section of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) upgraded in 2017 its Hall probe magnet measurement bench with an in-house developed 3D Hall sensor of a distinctive type and of a high accuracy, named Hallcube. The first major magnetic field measurements at the upgraded bench were performed on a split coil magnet with iron housing. This magnet is routinely used on the low energy muons...
A 9-tape, 14 mm wide ReBCO Roebel cable was soldered onto a U-shaped holder. Ic was determined at 4.2 K with applied fields up to 12 T. At varying I/Ic, different heat pulses resulted in different quench behaviors. For a given sample, these different behaviors were used to construct a stability diagram. Stability diagrams were constructed for samples with different levels of insulation.
Compared to radial magnetization, Halbach permanent-magnet (PM) array inherits some attractive features: strong field intensity, self-shielding effect, near-sinusoidal airgap flux density distribution. Due to the difficulty in realizing continuous magnetization direction on single PM annulus, Halbach PM arrays are generally realized by discrete PM segments. In most cases, the magnetization...
The existing CSC-HVDC system must compensate for reactive power because of the using thyristors as power conversion switching elements. It is impossible to control active power and reactive power independently. The VSC-HVDC system is receiving attention for solving such a problem. In VSC-HVDC, the study of fault current interruption is necessary to improve the stability and reliability. In...
In general, Spoke type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) has intense air gap flux density due to its magnet arrangement. However, variation of machine performance is severe due to its design variables, such as air-gap length and magnet size. On the other hand, Surface Mounted PMSM (SPMSM) is less sensitive to change of variables that are mentioned above. In this study, we examine the...
High-speed permanent magnet (PM) machines are used in applications such as machining spindles, generation and storage of energy in vehicles, gas blowers, and other specialized applications. High-speed PM machines exhibit high efficiency, energy density, and dynamic capability. However, in these machines, overheating in rotors due to power loss can lead to problems because, unlike stators,...
This paper describes an analytical method to predict undesirable magnetic field inhomogeneity caused by manufacturing errors and evaluation of the permissible manufacturing tolerance for a high temperature superconductor (HTS) NMR magnet. Recently, HTS magnets have been actively studied for high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (>1 GHz) magnet worldwide. Most high-field HTS magnet wound...
Electromagnetic field analyses of three-dimensional-shape coils wound with coated conductors are necessary for understanding their electromagnetic phenomena, calculating their ac losses, and evaluating their field uniformity and stability. We have been developing a series of models for the numerical electromagnetic field analyses using current vector potentials. In these models, because the...
Recently, the research and development of superconducting cables have been actively advanced all over the world. Particularly in RTRI, the research of superconducting cables for the railway electrification system (DC) is advancing. If the superconducting cables are used as a feeder of the railway system, the voltage decay could be significantly reduced. Therefore, DC High Temperature...
This paper presents a superconductivity fault current limiter(SFCL) DC interrupting system in wind power generation gird. SFCL DC interrupting system is comprised of SFCL and DC circuit breaker. When faults occurs, SFCL operates firstly to limit the maximum fault current and the residual fault current will be vanished by opening operation of dc circuit breaker secondly. To ensure the correct...
This paper presents a superconducting coil-type DC Fault Current Limiter(FCL). It has a combination structure of superconducting coils and DC circuit breaker in series. The superconducting coils operate as current limiting element. It was quenched when the fault is generated and limits the maximum fault current. Mechanical DC circuit breaker operates as interrupting element. It cut-offs the...
The coils of high field Nb3Sn magnets are submitted to large loads during assembly at ambient temperature and during operation at cold. This study addresses the characterization of the stress distribution on reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse compression, at ambient temperature, in a similar configuration as seen during magnet assembly. We performed an...
A novel high temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pump device was built to charge second-generation (2G) HTS double pancake coils (DPC). This device generates a controllable ac travelling magnetic wave based on similar mechanism as a short-stator linear motor, while the wave has been dc-biased by dc windings on the magnetic circuit. A section of YBCO tape (superconducting stator) is placed...
The Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI) is a member of the European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL). This is the French facility enabling researchers to perform experiments in the highest possible magnetic fields. The numerical modeling jointly developed with the Center of Modeling and Simulation of Strasbourg (Cemosis) plays an essential role in the understanding and...
In this paper, the transformer type superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) with common connection point between two secondary windings, which was similar structure to the previously suggested transformer type SFCL with two triggering levels, were proposed and their current limiting characteristics were compared. The suggested transformer type SFCLs consist of the primary winding and...
For the flux-coupling-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) which is composed of coupling transformer (CT), superconducting component (SC) and controlled switch, it can be regarded as a typical application of magnet technology. As the flux-coupling-type SFCL offers many technical advantages, such as higher flexibility, better controllability and lower operation loss, this paper...
The 32 T project aims to combine a 15 T LTS magnet with two REBCO double pancake coils generating 17 T to create a 32 T user magnet for the MilliKelvin facility at the NHMFL. Both coil sets operate at 4.2 K using two separate power supplies. First, the construction of the REBCO coils and integration with the LTS magnet and cryostat is briefly described. Then, the cool down and performance...
We present construction and test results of Coils 2 and 3 of a 3-nested-coil 800-MHz (18.8 T) REBCO insert (H800) for the MIT 1.3-GHz LTS/HTS NMR magnet currently under construction. Each of the 3-nested H800 coils is a stack of no-insulation REBCO double-pancakes (DPs). The innermost 8.7-T Coil 1 (26 DPs) was completed in 2016; the middle 5.7-T Coil 2 (32 DPs) has been fully assembled and...
Permanent magnet (PM) machines are becoming popular as a key technology for applications such as home appliances, industrial tools, and electric vehicles. This is because of their high efficiency, high power density, and low maintenance costs. It is very important to consider the power losses in the initial design stage itself, because they determine the efficiency of the machine and have a...
We have investigated the relationship between local critical current distribution and global current capacity of multi-filamentary RE-123 coated conductor (CC). RE-123 CCs have critical issues on (1) spatial inhomogeneity in local critical current distribution which would become an origin of local burnout of a magnet coil and on (2) magnetization current which affects the spatial and temporal...
Toroidal field (TF) coils are superconductive magnets which create magnetic field to confine plasma in ITER vacuum vessel. In order to confirm TF coil’s functionality, magnetic field created by TF coil need to be evaluated and therefore, accurate measurement of current center line (CCL) is necessary. CCL of TF coil is defined as geometrical barycenter of all the conductors and accurate...
The current limiting and recovery characteristics of a trigger type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) using double quench, which consists of a power switch, two separated current limiting reactors and two superconducting (SC) elements, were analyzed. The suggested trigger type SFCL can perform two fault current limiting operations (single quench operation and double quench...
In this paper, the transformer type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) with additional secondary winding, which could limit the fault current through twice quench operations, was suggested. The suggested SFCL includes one primary winding, two non-isolated secondary windings wound on the same iron core, and two high-TC superconducting (HTSC) elements connected with each secondary...
Operating current of large-scale superconducting magnets needs to be enhanced up to several thousand to several tens thousand amps from the viewpoint of magnet protection in relation to the consumption of stored energy by an external resistor. On the other hand, superconducting magnets for MRI need the uniformity of produced magnetic field within ppm order in time and space. We proposed the...
Degradation of critical current in a high temperature superconducting (HTS) tape under bending conditions had been previously investigated. These investigations were focused on only either bending or torsion. A rotating flux pump is used to study the charging characteristics of HTS synchronous motor. In order to design the rotating flux pump connected in series, the elliptical winding applied...
Efficiency is an important index to evaluate the performance of an electric machine. Core loss takes a big part of the total losses of an electric machine. Amorphous alloy material (AAM) has much lower core loss than that of traditional silicon steel. An outer-rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine (OR-PMSM) with amorphous stator core is proposed in this paper, which exhibits higher...
The design and the characterization of high gradient permanent magnet (PM) quadrupoles, so-called”QUAPEVA” with variable strength are presented. The quadrupole structure is composed of a Halbach ring in the centre and four PM cylinders around. The central magnet provides a fixed gradient of 160 T/m. The four PM cylinders are used to achieve the gradient tuning range from 100 T/m to 200 T/m...
Saturated iron-core superconducting fault current limiter is a kind of promising device for short-circuit current limiting. During normal operation, large ampere-turns created with DC in the secondary superconducting HTS coil drive the core into saturation. This lowers impedance of the copper coil in the primary AC side near to that of an air - core coil. During a fault, a large fault current...
This paper presents design and implementation of ferromagnetic shims for a conduction-cooled 3-T 100 mm winding diameter no-insulation (NI) all-REBCO magnet. The initial magnetic field profile was measured by an in-house 3-D field mapper with an NMR magnetometer, from which harmonic coefficients up to 3 order are derived. A ferromagnetic shim design code was developed, which includes an...
Four normal conducting 2.4 tesla “superbend” magnets will be installed in the phase-II beamline project at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF), replacing the current 1.27 T ones. We present the design and the magnetic measurement results of the first prototype magnet in this paper. Also described is a newly-developed field shimming method which has shown its efficiency and simplicity...
The flux-coupling type superconducting fault current limiter (FC-SFCL) is suggested to suppress the short-circuit current in the dc line of VSC-HVDC system. The FC-SFCL could generate larger inductance and smaller resistance at the beginning of current limiting process, but show smaller reactance and very large resistance at the end. One FC-SFCL module with two branches is designed and tested....
Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) are considered as one of the most technical potentials to limit fault current levels, for that they can suppress fault currents without adding impedance to the circuit during normal operation. In this paper, a small-scale test prototype of the flux-coupling type SFCL (FC-SFCL) is designed and fabricated, and a series of experimental tests are...
Recently super high speed magnetic levitation MAGLEV using high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet has been expected as next generation transportation since superconducting magnet can keep mighty levitation force. The superconducting magnet at MAGLEV train should be continually charged with high power in order to keep stronger and stable levitation force. Practically, since conventional...
Flux reversal machines (FRMs) have a stator with permanent magnets (PMs) mounted on the surface each teeth and a reluctance rotor. As the flux field excited by the PMs is almost constant, the magnitude and phase of the stator current are often adjusted to realize the flux-weakening operation, but it usually sacrifices the output torque. As we know, HTS wound field machines can easily adjust...
Recently, various types of electric motor are applied to vehicle traction field because of strengthened environmental law. In general, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(IPMSM) has high power density and efficiency due to reluctance torque by adopting permanent magnet. By these advantages, IPMSM is widely used in Electric Vehicle(EV) traction motor.In case of EV traction motor,...
At J-PARC Main Ring (MR), there have been various investigation carried out at the moment aiming at the beam operation of MW order. As one of the investigations, a study of the Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) magnets was implemented. Increase of the extraction energy of RCS was needed to reduce beam loss, as beam loss in the MR injection region was large under influence of the space charge...
AC electric field distribution in composite insulation materials is mainly determined by their permittivity. However, DC electric field distribution highly depends on the electrical conductivity of the insulating materials, and this electrical conductivity exponentially increases with externally applied electric field in cryogenic environment. Therefore, we should not only obtain the accurate...
Since the accomplishment of the pulsed magnetic field facility at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, a few types of pulsed magnets, such as the 40 T helical magnet, 65 T monolithic-coil magnet and 90 T dual-coil magnet, have been developed and are now in operation for scientific research. As the workhorse, the 65 T user magnets show excellent cooling performance and long service...
We are starting the development of a persistent 400 MHz (9.39 T) LTS/REBCO NMR magnet as a first step towards a 1.3 GHz (30.5 T) LTS/HTS NMR. The 400 MHz magnet consists of a layer-wound REBCO innermost coil and an LTS outer coil which are operated in individual persistent circuits. The system requires the following technical developments; (a) a REBCO-REBCO superconducting joint, located above...
ITER project has been running in decades and has started after complications. While it is now under construction, design activity for new fusion device called “DEMO” has already taken place, in which the superconducting magnet system will be much larger than that of ITER. In the present project, the magnets are made of Nb3Sn superconducting material, hence heat treatment is needed to generate...
The unique magnets for compact NMR relaxometry device consisted of the stacked high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk annuli trapped by a field cooling (FC) method are suggested and studied. The magnetically charged HTS bulk magnet for NMR relaxometry device is cooled by liquid nitrogen and no more need a power supply. The strength and homogeneity of the magnetic field required for the...
In the context of the HL-LHC project, a NbTi double aperture quadrupole magnet called MQYY is being developed. This 90 mm aperture quadrupole magnet has a magnetic length of 3.67 m and an operating gradient of 120 T/m at 1.9 K. Its development is done along two parallel paths: 1) the design, fabrication and test of a short model, 2) the design and fabrication of two full scale prototypes in...
Next generation electric power systems require higher capacity, efficiency, and stability to meet the demands of increasingly complicated grid systems. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) provide unique solutions to stringent operating requirements, including the ability to protect electric power apparatus and systems from large currents that can develop during a fault. The extensive...
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) developed the HTS Cross Conductor (CroCo), a round twisted stacked REBCO strand with outer Cu envelope, optimized for high current density and easy long length fabrication. First generation of HTS CroCos were built from 6 mm and 4 mm wide REBCO tapes with critical currents Ic ~ 3 kA (77 K / s.f.) and Ic > 8 kA (4.2 K, 12 T). Due to the continuously...
This paper deals with the simulation of the JT-60SA tokamak toroidal field coils test facility in CEA Saclay. To have a better understanding of the thermohydraulic behavior of the coils, a model of the cold test facility cryodistribution coupled to a model of the coils has been developed. Each of the 12 Pancakes is modelled by a 1-D thermohydraulic tube of Simcryogenics code representing the...
In recent year, the demand for high speed permanent magnet(HSPM) motor is increasing in various fields due to its high efficiency and high power density. The research and application of high speed permanent magnet motor meets the needs of economic development of energy conservation and emission reduction. However, there are some studies have found that the rotor heating is very serious, which...
Superconducting devices have emerged in many applications during the last few decades. They offer many advantages including high efficiency, compact size, and superior performance. However, the main drawback of these devices is the high cost. An option to reduce the high cost and improve the cost-benefit ratio is to integrate two functions into one device. This paper presents the...
To distribute the mechanical load and to reduce the driving voltages, ultra-high field pulsed magnets are usually designed as a group of nested, concentric coils driven by separated power sources. Since the magnet operated in a fast transient mode, there will be strong and complicated electromagnetic and mechanical couplings between the component coils. The high eddy currents generated in the...
Sections of the superconducting magnets of SIS100 particle accelerator (under construction at GSI, Darmstadt) are going to be connected with by-pass lines used to transfer electric current and liquid helium. Each by-pass line will contain four pairs of Nuclotron-type superconducting cables (bus-bars) used to supply the different types of magnets with electric current. Since the accelerator is...
There exist a number of experiments/applications where the second dimension of the bore of Bitter magnets is not fully utilized and thus not really needed. Using an analytical solution for elliptical bore coils, as well as finite-element analysis for elliptical and racetrack bore coils, we show that reducing one of the dimensions of the bore can lead to a considerable decrease in consumed...
The central solenoid (CS) of JT-60SA is composed of the four electrically independent modules, and 6 octa-pancake coils and a quad-pancake coil are assembled vertically in one module. The CS module is supplied with current through the room temperature busbar and current feeder of the superconductor. The withstand voltage for the insulation between the conductors is one of the most important...
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) synchronous motors conventionally require current leads to inject the large DC currents into HTS field coils. However heat losses are generated on these current leads due to mechanical connection between the HTS field coils and power supply. For that reason, rotary HTS flux pump is used to remove the physical connection. However, HTS flux pump has spatial...
Cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductors made of Nb3Sn wires have been developed for use in large high-field magnets. A "wind, react and transfer" method has been established to avoid the degradation by excess strain after reaction of Nb3Sn and to adopt organic insulator. However, the "react and wind" method is preferred for a helical coil for a helical fusion reactor, because the "transfer" process...
High temperature superconducting (HTS) conductors are expected to improve small sized high field magnets. However, the mechanical stresses lower the critical current properties of the HTS tapes. The objective of this work is to clarify the relationship between the critical current properties and the total tensile stresses caused by the winding tension during the coil winding process and the...
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems using Voltage-Source Converters (VSC) are widely recognized as having significant potential for long distance high power delivery, particularly for offshore wind farm connections. The US Navy has also proposed a Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) distribution architecture for the all-electric shipboard power systems. NASA is also evaluating...
Enhancement of the repetition rate of high field pulsed magnets is significant for the efficiency of the experiments under pulsed high magnetic field. Adding a liquid nitrogen cooling gap of 3-5 mm has been proven to be a feasible method to increase the cooling efficiency and improves the repetition rate of pulsed magnets. Study indicated that the cooling efficiency increased with the number...
The Beam Test Facility (BTF) is part of the DAΦNE accelerators system of INFN Frascati National Laboratory (LNF). It is a transfer-line optimized for selection, attenuation and manipulation of electrons and positrons extracted from the DAΦNE LINAC. An upgrade of the line is scheduled by the end of 2018 in order to reach a beam energy of 920 MeV (with respect to the actual 750 MeV) and a new...
This paper deals with a design concept of a multi-pole electro-magnet using parallel iron-core structure. The electro-magnets can be used in many kinds of magnetic study such as magnetic susceptibility, hall effect research, magneto-optical effect, and hysteresis measurement. In electro-magnets, generally, only a single probe can be applied at a time due to the single pole structure, and it is...
At the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, a new experimental facility called the Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) is planned for the Accelerator-Driven System. The TEF facility will use the 400 MeV proton beam from the LINAC, which requires introducing a beam switching system at a Beam Transport from the LINAC to the 3GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). A pulse bending magnet...
Quadrupole magnets are used extensively in particle accelerators, synchrotrons, and storage rings all over the world. Excellent field quality in these quadrupole magnets is needed at these facilities, which requires machining the magnet parts to high precision with conventional magnet designs. An eight-piece quadrupole design and assembly method are developed that produce the desired magnetic...
A finite element method was developed to investigate the strain distribution of REBCO coated conductors under bending conditions relevant to high-field accelerator magnets. Due to their high current and high field capabilities, REBCO tapes are promising conductors for high field magnet applications. During magnet fabrication, REBCO tapes bend around a former. Because of the asymmetric...
Flux pumps can inject high dc currents into superconducting coils, without requiring electrical connections between the cryogenic superconducting circuit and the room-temperature environment, thus significantly lowering the heat load on the cryogenic cooling system. Here we study a dynamo-type flux pump employing 2G ReBCO coated conductor wire at 77 K with multiple spinning Nd-Fe-B magnets and...
A multi-scale mechanical model of Rutherford type, low temperature superconducting cable is discussed in this paper.
First, the numerical approach for the mechanical analysis of the cable using bi-metallic description of the strands is presented. The process of the three-dimensional geometrical reconstruction of the cable during operation, up to the scale of the strand, is described. The...
In this paper we present design, construction, and preliminary test results of a proof-of-concept (POC) prototype, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) shim coils energized, for the first time ever, by a flux pump. For high-resolution NMR spectroscopy the spatial magnetic field must be uniform to within <0.1 ppm over a given region of interest (ROI). Field shimming is indispensable for...
Dynamo-type flux pumps provide a contact-free method of energizing currents in superconducting coils. Since a detailed predictive theory for these devices does not yet exist, the effect of design parameters must be studied empirically. In this work we investigate the performance of an experimental flux pump employing a high-temperature superconductor stator located upon a ring shaped iron...
Abstract- The stator-magnet moving-iron transversal-flux linear oscillatory machine (SMTLOM) offers the merits of high reliability and robustness, high material utilization ratio, low fabrication difficulty and cost and so on. However, due to its iron mover, the weight of moving structure is relatively higher than that of moving-magnet linear oscillatory machine (MLOM). Consequently, a rather...
The Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) is a design option for the next generation of high field superconducting dipoles which is being pursued within US Magnet Development Program. This paper presents new modeling techniques developed for design and analysis of this type of magnet. For mechanical modeling in ANSYS, three approaches with increasing accuracy will be compared: 2D symmetry models, 3D...
Energy harvesting refers to a process that derives a small amount of power from external energy sources. The energy sources of harvesters can be easily obtained anywhere from vibration, wind power and wave power. In this study, we will focus on vibration, one of the typical energy sources that can be easily changed into an electromotive force (EMF), as our study subject. Mechanical vibration...
Large hoop stress causes the deterioration of the transport properties of the winding. Therefore, high electromagnetic force tolerance is required for structure of the winding, and at the same time, it is necessary to limit the current density so as not to deteriorate the superconducting characteristic. As this countermeasure, a high strength pancake coil structure called “Yoroi-coil” (Y-based...
In order to developing the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) superconducting magnet and other applications, a series of high field magnet manufacture technologies are researching in our institute, IEE CAS. The Nb3Sn superconductor is indispensable for the 500 MHz and above NMR magnet. In this paper, a dynamic vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI) process of Nb3Sn coil on the basis of Darcy’s law...
MgB2 superconductors are recognized as one of the promising superconducting wires for utilizations in a current MRI magnet. However, a practical consideration remains that the critical current density and critical magnetic field of the MgB2 wire strongly depend on the stress applied by bending the reacted MgB2 wire. Therefore, the investigation of the electrical properties of the reacted MgB2...
The Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is widely applied in various fields, such as tractions, communication devices, and home appliances, by virtue of its high-power density, wide operating range, high efficiency and simple drive system. Two kinds of BLDC motors, “Y-connection, 2-phase excitation system” and “∆-connection, 3-phase excitation system”, have many differences. A major difference is the...
The LCLS-II at SLAC utilizes an arrangement of kickers and septa magnets to direct the electron beams from the normal and superconducting linacs to the soft and hard x-ray undulator beamlines. A consequence of the performance requirement for kicker pulse rates as high as 1 MHz. is the beam separation at the face of the septum is limited to 15mm. This imposes physical constraints on the...
ENEA, in collaboration with CRIOTEC Impianti S.r.l. and TRATOS Cavi S.p.A. (the three associated members of the Italian Consortium for Applied Superconductivity, ICAS) has manufactured approximately 100 km of Cable-in-Conduit-Conductors (CICCs) in the last decade, mainly for fusion tokamak, but also for different applications such as magnets for testing facilities. This production includes a...
Our project research group has proposed a High Temperature Superconducting Induction Synchronous Motor (HTS-ISM) for the next generation transportation equipment, such as ships, trains, buses, and automobiles. The basic structure of the proposed HTS-ISM is as same as that of the traditional squirrel-cage induction motor. The difference is replacing the rotor (secondary) windings to the HTS...
With the development of DC power supply systems, breaking capacity of circuit breakers has been increasingly unable to meet the growing requirements for DC system short-circuit current level. To ensure the safety of the systems, a fault current limiter must be used in series with circuit breakers. The properties of superconducting fault current limiters such as fast reaction rate, simple...
Magnetic measurements of the NICA booster superconducting magnets NICA is a new accelerator collider complex under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. The facility includes a new superconducting booster synchrotron consists of 40 dipole and 48 quadrupole superconducting magnets. Booster magnets are under series production, assembling and testing at new...
The future heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 will have series of two dc magnetic septa for the injection and three dc septa on the extraction line. The extraction line will allow for two different extraction schemes for vertical fast extraction and initially horizontal slow extraction. The latter requires among other components two additional Lambertson-type septa. The design of the magnets had to...
The amplitude of magnetic permeability and the electromagnetic losses of silicon steel sheet are important to design all kinds of motors. It is necessary to analyze magnetic permeability and electromagnetic losses before designing efficient motors. Different magnetic hysteresis loops are measured using AMH-1M-S dynamic testing system from Laboratorio Elettrofisico Walker LDJ Scientific, Italy...
Superconducting bulk materials have high trapped magnetic field ability at a temperature lower than the critical temperature. Since superconducting bulk materials are subjected to electromagnetic force during magnetization process, improvements of the mechanical properties are indispensable for the development of high performance bulk materials. However, the mechanical properties of...
Recently, the Rotary flux-pump using HTS tape has been researched to apply for superconducting applications. In this paper, we studied the charging characteristics of the field coil of the HTS synchronous motor that field coil is charged by Rotary HTS flux-pump. The two advantages can be obtained by using Rotary HTS flux-pump to the synchronous motor. 1) The high thermal efficiency 2) simple...
Bearingless synchronous reluctance motors (BSRMs) have received more and more attention in recent years. Besides some general advantages of non-friction, high critical speed and non-lubrication of bearingless motors (BMs), the BSRM have some additional characteristics of simple structure, low loss and low temperature rising. Therefore, BSRMs have wide application prospect in some special...
Recently electric tools have been widely used in industrial applications and human livings, and will be increased very greatly in near future. Till now, most electric tools have been driven by concatenated induction machine, which suffers big volume, low torque density, low efficiency, poor reliability, etc. Fortunately, single-phase doubly salient permanent magnet machine (SP-DSPMM) has been...
Traditional heteropolar radial hybrid magnetic bearing (HRHMB) with eight poles has been widely applied in high-speed applications, such as flywheel energy storage system (FESS), because of its simple structure, low power loss, and high critical speed. However, this topology suffers large displacement stiffness, magnetic coupling, and non-negligible rotor iron loss. To overcome these...
RE-Ba-Cu-O (RE: rare earth element or Y) bulk superconductors have promising potential to be used as a strong trapped field magnet (TFM), which ever can trap a field of over 17 T on a Gd-Ba-Cu-O disc bulk reinforced with the shrink-fit steel. Ring-shaped bulk cylinders with a concentric hole are also considered in practical applications, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer...
High temperature superconducting (HTS) device is a new application of superconducting technology in power system. In real utility, HTS device expose to environment where there exists many problems, such as crushing stress, bending stress, background magnetic field and so on. To ensure the safety of the HTS device, it is necessary to study the stability behaviors of HTS tapes. In addition,...
The wireless power transfer (WPT) technology based on strongly resonance coupled method realizes large power charging without any wires through the air. Recently, the WPT systems have started to be applied to the wireless charging for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), power is the critical factor that often determines mission lifetime. Unlike many terrestrial vehicles, where batteries can...
A 5 T low temperature superconducting magnet is designed and will be fabricated for EMPS (Electro-Magnetic Property measurement System) whose sample space is 50 mm in diameter. Since the sample space is twice larger than that of the conventional property measurement systems, it will be possible to measure the electro-magnetic properties of several samples at a time, therefore measurement time...
The HTS dynamo is a type of superconducting flux pump which employs a series of permanent magnets mounted upon a mechanical rotor. Interaction between flux from the rotor magnets and a coated conductor stator wire gives rise to a time-averaged DC emf, which is imposed across a series-connected superconducting coil. By employing a pair of soft ferromagnetic yokes, the device can be arranged...
In the past two decades, a bearingless synchronous reluctance motor (BSynRM) was proposed and developed. Besides the advantages of the traditional bearingless motors, the BSynRMs have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, low losses and can realize high speed operation using flux weakening control. Therefore, the BSynRMs have broad application prospects in vacuum, high speed, high...
The SIS-100 is a charge particle accelerator developed as a part of the challenging international project Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research (FAIR) taking place in Darmstadt, Germany. The ion optics of the SIS-100 accelerator includes superconducting and normal conducting quadrupole magnets. To fulfill the requirements of the field quality in the magnet aperture it is necessary to find...
Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is an efficient way to solve the short-circuit problems in modern power system. A novel Flux-coupling type SFCL (FC-SFCL) based on disconnecting coupling windings for current-limiting has been proposed.For its low steady impedance at normal state and high limiting one after fault, FC-SFCL is considered as a potential scheme to limit short-current....
By using the powder metallurgy technology and magnetic isotropy characteristic of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material, various kinds of permanent magnet (PM) machine can be designed and fabricated easily. However, if the torque density of the PM machine with SMC cores is much lower than that with the silicon steels, if it is designed with the traditional structures and methods. In the...
CEA has the responsibility of the design studies for the superferric 1.6 T dipole magnets of the Superconducting FRagment Separator (SuperFRS) which is part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany. After completing the study for the 21 superferric SuperFRS standard dipole magnets, CEA is currently analysing conceptual solutions for the 3 superferric...
The CERN LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) seeks to reliably deliver the beams required for the High- Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). As part of this, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) will be upgraded from 1.4 GeV to 2 GeV and will accelerate higher intensity beams. Along the transfer lines between the PSB and the Proton Synchrotron (PS) there are several D.C. operated quadrupoles which are unable to...
Construction of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is being planned for an increase of luminosity in order for the further exploration of the physics beyond the Standard Model. Under this program, a series of final focusing magnets, including a beam separation dipole (D1), has to be upgraded, and we, KEK, are responsible for development of the new D1 magnet. This magnet is...
In the framework of the EUROfusion DEMO project, studies are conducted in several European institutions for designing the tokamak magnet systems. In order to generate the high magnetic fields required for the plasma confinement and control, the reactor should be equipped with superconducting magnets, the reference design being based on Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICC) cooled at cryogenic...
The CFETR, “China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor”, is a new tokamak device. Its magnet system includes the Toroidal Field (TF), Central Solenoid (CS) and Poloidal Field (PF) coils. The main goal of this project is to build a fusion engineering tokamak reactor with fusion power of 50-200 MW and self-sufficiency by blanket. The maximum field of CS and TF will get around 15 T, which is much...
The novel coil assisted reluctance motor is a kind of high torque DC motor combined with traditional permanent magnet brushless DC motor and switched reluctance motor. The motor with double sets of armature windings and the central coil (field winding) which is installed between two-stator-rotor by axial excitation has a 9\6 symmetric double salient pole structure. Based on the special...
Terfenol-D has giant energy density (25kJ/m3) and relatively high thermal conductivity (13.5w/ (m•k) at 20°C). It is the core component of giant magnetostrictive transducer (GMT) which has been widely used in the field of ultra-precision machining and precision fluid control technology. However, when GMT operates under 6000Hz high frequency magnetic field, hysteresis loss, eddy current loss...
For the purpose of contactlessly measuring a critical current density in a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) film, the contactless methods such as the inductive method, the hall probe method, and permanent magnet method have been developed. These methods are applied to the distribution measurement of the critical current density for the case with large-area samples such as an HTS wire or...
Inductive pulsed power supplies attract attention from lots of research institutions and scholars since the energy density of inductors is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of capacitors. Institute for Advanced Technology (IAT) proposed an inductive pulsed power topology named Slow Transfer of Energy through Capacitive Hybrid (STRETCH) meat grinder. In recent years, HTS...
The first European superconducting Winding Pack (WP) and the first set of Coil Cases (TFCC) for ITER are going to be delivered in 2017. The TFCC are steel structures which provide structural integrity to the WP, contribute to neutron shielding capacity, provide support to operating forces and offer interface connections with the rest of ITER machine. The TFCC assembly is formed by four main...
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer with high resolution using superconducting coils is a powerful apparatus to analyze complex molecular structure or to develop new drugs. Recently, a compact and cryogen-free NMR spectrometer with a medium resolution of 200 MHz (4.7 T) has been developed using annular REBaCuO superconducting bulks, in which the NMR spectra of ethanol with a full...
The THOMX facility is a compact ring source based on Compton Back Scattering (CBS), under construction at LAL in Orsay (France). Due to high constraints as its compactness (18 meters long storage ring), the low electron energies (ranging from 50 to 70 MeV), the non-linear beam dynamics, the limited beam storage (60ns per turn), THOMX accelerator has to face many technical challenges. One of...
An all permanent High Field Superbend Dipole is proposed for the new Sirius optics can now provide hard X-rays in a critical energy of 19 keV. In the new design, the superbend has a much stronger magnetic field with a 3.2 T peak and it is composed of two low field parts designed with a transverse gradient on each side of the high field pole. The full magnet is joined into a single permanent...
ThomX is a Compton source project in the range of the hard X rays (40 / 90 keV). The machine is composed of an injector Linac and a storage ring where an electron bunch collides with a laser pulse accumulated in a Fabry-Perot resonator.
The injection and extraction of the beam in the storage ring is managed by an UHV eddy current septum magnet. This eddy current septum magnet has to generate a...
The 2G coated conductor (CC) tapes exhibit greater potential in magnet and coil applications because of their high critical current density, Jc and good mechanical properties along longitudinal direction. Differences in fabrication processes, architecture, and layer materials in REBCO CC tapes produce different mechanical and electromechanical behaviors under magnetic field B, temperature T,...
ABSTRACT: The mechanical characteristics and behaviors of two superconducting magnets with different low temperature superconducting materials and configurations during excitation and quench training processes are investigated experimentally and numerically in the present work. One is a racetrack magnet made of NbTi/Cu with the maximum magnetic field of 4 T. Another is hybrid superconducting...
The superconducting property of Nb3Sn strands is very sensitive to strain. The transverse electromagnetic loading has been considered as a major origin of the degradation of Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) due to the periodic local bending. The degradation of each strand due to this bending should be evaluated to calculate the performance of a CICC. Thus, an analytical model considered...
The quench protection system of the non-planar coils of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator was laid out over fifteen years ago. At that time, the assessment of the hot spot temperature by a basic adiabatic model was done using design values for material and operation parameters. After the operating experience in 2016, the hot spot temperature is re-assessed with the thermal-hydraulic program...
General Atomics (GA) is fabricating the ITER Central Solenoid Modules (CSM). The production contract also includes the design and qualification of tooling necessary for fabrication and full current cold testing. Each of the seven
modules will undergo final testing at GA to verify performance. GA is currently commissioning the Final Test Facility at the CSM Manufacturing site in Poway,...
The SwissFEL project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) has entered its final phase with most of the magnets having been measured and installed. The beam dump dipole in the Injector-Linac 1 section of the SwissFEL facility serves not only to dump the electron beam but also acts as a spectrometer. Optimisation of the magnet pole profiles and pole ends, in order to achieve a good field region...
The ITER Poloidal Field (PF) magnet system is composed of six circular coils, consisting of winding packs (WP) made up from a stack of Double Pancakes (DP) wound of NbTi cable-in-conduit superconductor. The largest coil has a diameter of 24 meters, the heaviest weighs 400 tons, and they are designed to produce a total magnetic energy of 4 Giga Joules at a maximum magnetic field of 6 Tesla for...
No-insulation (NI) coil made of 2G HTS tape has many advantages over insulated coil that it has higher engineering current density and self-protection characteristic. While there are few researches of NI coil in AC power application due the charging/discharging delay of NI coil. In this paper, we apply NI coil into inductive superconducting fault current limiter (iSFCL) as the secondary...
A new proton therapy scanning system for the treatment of can-cer has been accomplished at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP/China). It is mainly comprised of two separate dipole magnets, each controlling horizontal and vertical direc-tions scanning independently. According to the design require-ments, we have confirmed the dimensions of the magnets and op-timized the local and...
Current leads of a superconducting magnet are one of the largest heat source to the superconducting magnet cryo-system. A flux pump is one possible way to remove the current leads by replacing conductive connection to magnetic coupling. However, the heat loss of the flux pump should be analyzed in order to apply to conduction cooled magnet because of little temperature margin in conduction...
This paper describes an innovative synthesis rotor geometry technique of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMAREL) with different flux barrier rotor shapes. The two symmetric rotor optimizations are examined and synthesis to establish the best asymmetric rotor geometry. The research results point out that the synthesis asymmetric rotor geometry is a more satisfying...
The Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI) is a member of the European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL). This is the French facility enabling researchers to perform experiments in the highest possible magnetic fields. The numerical modeling jointly developed with the Center of Modeling and Simulation of Strasbourg (Cemosis) plays an essential role in the understanding and...
Flux pumped ultra-high field magnets have the potential to produce fields which surpass the nearly 20 year old record of 45 T in a DC field Bitter magnet in a relatively cost effective manner. These higher fields will undoubtedly require superconducting cables capable of carrying thousands of amps and the means to deliver those very high currents. Current leads could be used but at currents...
We have conducted research and development on a high-temperature superconducting motor, which has been expected as a next generation transportation equipment. Our target motor is so-called high-temperature superconducting induction/synchronous motor (HTS-ISM). The HTS-ISM has the similar structure as a squirrel cage induction motor, but replaces the winding with a HTS wire. Basically, by...
In order to improve the fault tolerant (FT) capability suitable for high reliability operation, FT teeth and concentrated windings are designed in two FT flux-switching permanent-magnet machines, namely 10/18-pole and 10/19-pole. However, they still suffer from vibration and noise due to radial force fluctuation. This paper compares the vibration characteristic of both machines. Because odd...
Thinner substrate ReBCO tapes, nowadays produced by SuperPower, make it possible to wind thin CORC based ReBCO wires of 3 to 4 mm diameter. The reduction of the tape’s substrate thickness from 100 via 50 to 30 micron leads to a significantly reduced minimum bending radius of ReBCO tapes. The 30 micron substrate tapes can now also be manufactured with a width of only 2 mm. Thinner substrates...
Magnetization and AC loss measurements were performed on cables made from HTS coated conductors. Coated conductor-based CORC, Twist stack, and Roebel Style cables were measured and were compared. In a first set of runs, magnetization was measured out to 1.4 T at 4 K, and was compared for the various cable options with reference to the field at injection for particle accelerators. Additionally,...
To achieve the required current capacity, superconducting cables are composed of numerous HTS tapes. In particular for application in fusion, those conductors have to operate in alternating current and magnetic fields, leading to AC loss and current redistribution. Besides the dimensions and geometry of the composed cable, an important parameter for the mentioned phenomena is the contact...
The fragment separator of the HIAF (High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility) project called HFRS requires quadrupoles with high gradients( 11.4 T/m) and large bores (gap width of 160 mm). The iron dominated magnets with superconducting coils have been widely used in the similar facilities such as A1900, BigRIPS, Super-FRS and RISP with the advantages of low request for coils...
We have succeeded in evaluating local critical current (Ic) and n-indices in a long-length GdBCO coated conductor as a function of longitudinal coordinate with a spatial resolution of 1 mm under external magnetic fields up to 5 T at both temperatures of 77 K and 65 K. While the sample was carried in reel-to-reel manner in a liquid nitrogen bath with an external magnetic field, we measured...
The large magnetization caused by shielding current in coated conductors can deteriorate the field qualities of magnets. One of the counter measures of this large magnetization is the striation of a coated conductor to divide its superconductor layer into multifilaments. A striated coated conductor was fabricated by Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. and SuperPower Inc. The superconductor layer of a...
High charge state ECR ion source has become an indispensable machine in heavy ion associated physics research. It has got remarkable advancement in the last several decades. Modern heavy ion accelerator technology needs very intense highly charged heavy ion beams, therefore very high performance ECR ion sources are needed by many large scale heavy ion facilities. So called 3rd generation ECR...
A superconducting magnet has been developed for SECRAL II ion source at IMP. The design of this magnet is based on SECRAL, with sextupole coils external to the axial solenoids to reduce Lorentz force between sextupole coil’s end and solenoids. The magnet consists of a set of sextupole coils and three solenoids to generate a confinement magnetic field. All the coils use a NbTi conductor and are...
State of the art high field and ultra-high filed magnets demand HTS conductors with ever-increasing critical current. SuperOx is conducting an industrial R&D effort, in order to improve the performance of 2G HTS wire in magnetic field by introducing perovskite artificial pinning centres into the HTS film matrix. This paper will report the results of critical current measurements of BaZrO3 and...
In order to use a REBCO coil with conduction cooling configuration, AC loss of the coil should be quantitatively predicted and designed under the operating conditions. REBCO-coated conductor is a tape shape and is suited to be composed of a stack of single pancake coils for generating high magnetic field. And various research groups measured and evaluated the ac loss of the REBCO tape;...
THEVA Pro-Line coated conductors based on ISD-MgO buffer layers and e-beam evaporation are available today in large length and critical current above 500 A/cm (77 K, s.f.) as it is necessary for magnet applications. An overview will be given on recent progress of the performance and length of these kind of coated conductors. The performance in magnetic fields at medium temperatures in the...
NICA is an accelerator collider complex under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. The facility is aimed at providing collider experiments with heavy ions up to Gold in the center of mass energy from 4 to 11 GeV/u and an average luminosity up to 1∙10^27 cm-2 s-1 for Au^79+. The collisions of polarized deuterons are also foreseen. The facility includes two injector...
This paper presents a 8T solenoid used to focus and steer the heavy ion beams of the Facility for Rare Isotope driver linac at Michigan State University. It includes a main focusing solenoid, two bucking coils, two pair of horizontal and vertical correctors. The magnet is assembled with an entire length of 516 mm, including the helium vessel, ICR vacuum flanges and also the VCR for the helium...
The effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the defect formation and critical properties of YBCO thin films were investigated. The YBCO superconducting films were irradiated using an EB accelerator with an energy of 0.2 MeV and a dose of E15-E16 e/cm2. The value of the critical temperature (Tc) decreased and the superconducting transition broadened by the EB irradiation. In spite of the...
Dissipation of energy in a superconducting coil generating magnetic field that varies in time could be evaluated locally as the product of electrical field and current density. The effect of electric field exerting force and accelerating the electric charge carriers that transport the current is commonly incorporated into AC loss calculation by inserting a realistic current-voltage dependence...
WST has been engaged in LTS and HTS since its foundation. WST has finished 210 ton of Nb3Sn and NbTi superconducting strands for ITER. The experience of the ITER wire production brought great improvement to high-performance LTS as well as HTS for fusion, MRI and accelerators.
Half a century of development activities on superconductors, such as NbTi, bronze-processed Nb3Sn and REBCO, at Furukawa Electric Group will be presented.
Plans for the future will be presented as well.