CAS course on "Introduction to Accelerator Physics", 25 September - 08 October 2023, Santa Susanna, Spain

Sep 25, 2023, 8:30 AM → Oct 8, 2023, 10:00 PM Europe/Zurich

Frank Tecker (CERN)

In collaboration with ALBA, the CERN Accelerator School is organising its next general accelerator physics course.
The two-week residential course represents the core teaching of all CAS courses, offering the ideal opportunity to delve into the fascinating world of particle accelerators. This course is designed for laboratory and university staff and students, as well as manufacturers of accelerator equipment.
It provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of beam dynamics and underlying accelerator systems. Through engaging lectures, illuminating tutorials, and insightful discussion sessions, participants will deepen their knowledge of crucial topics in the accelerator universe.

In addition to the comprehensive curriculum, networking is crucial, as attendees forge connections with fellow students and lecturers working in the field. This opportunity to connect and collaborate is a key ingredient of the program, further enhancing its value as an indispensable resource for anyone seeking to expand their understanding of particle accelerators.

Monday, September 25

8:30 AM → 8:30 PM Arrival day and registration

Tuesday, September 26

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Opening

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

Opening-Intro2023.pdf

Opening-Intro2023.pptx

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Electromagnetic Theory I

The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to Electromagnetic
Theory. The foundations of electrodynamics starting from the nature of electrical force up to the level of Maxwell equations solutions are presented. It starts with the introduction of the concept of a field, which plays a very important role in the understanding of electricity and magnetism. In addition, moving electric charge is discussed as a topic of special importance in accelerator physics.

Speaker: Irina Shreyber

2023 CAS SCHOOL. Electromagnetism_Shreyber irina.pdf

2023 CAS SCHOOL. Electromagnetism to indico.pdf

2023 CAS SCHOOL. Electromagnetism to indico.pptx

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM History of particle acceleration

This lecture traces the history of particle accelerators from the pioneers in the 1930s to the modern world of international mega-projects. Key developments are given in scientific and historical context, and qualitative descriptions are given of accelerator breakthroughs that have allowed orders of magnitude improvements in the course of a few decades.

Speaker: Dr Suzie Sheehy (University of Oxford and University of Melbourne)

Sheehy-AcceleratorHistory23.pptx

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Electromagnetic Theory II

The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to Electromagnetic
Theory. The foundations of electrodynamics starting from the nature of electrical force up to the level of Maxwell equations solutions are presented. It starts with the introduction of the concept of a field, which plays a very important role in the understanding of electricity and magnetism. In addition, moving electric charge is discussed as a topic of special importance in accelerator physics.

Speaker: Irina Shreyber

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics I

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined optical functions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speakers: Wolfgang Hillert, Wolfgang Hillert

Recap-1.pdf

Recap-1.pptx

Recap-2.pdf

Recap-2.pptx

Recap-3.pdf

Recap-3.pptx

Recap-4.pdf

Recap-4.pptx

TLBD-complete.pdf

TLBD-procceedings.pdf

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Accelerator Applications

Of the 50,000+ particle accelerators in the world, the vast majority are not used for particle physics, but instead for real-world applications. From radiotherapy for cancer treatment to ion implantation for silicon devices, through to the hardening of tarmac roads with electron beams: the uses of particle beams are constantly growing in number. This lecture aims to give a broad overview of the many uses of particle accelerators, covering technologies ranging in size from around ten-centimetre long industrial electron linacs through to synchrotron light sources built as national scale facilities. The lecture also includes challenges and future perspectives that are unique to the use of accelerators for wider societal applications.

Speaker: Dr Suzie Sheehy (University of Oxford and University of Melbourne)

Sheehy-Applications23.pptx

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM 1 slide 1 minute

1S1M.pdf

6:45 PM → 8:00 PM Welcome reception

Wednesday, September 27

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Kinematics of Particle Beams - Relativity

This is an introductory lecture on special relativity which doesn’t require much mathematical background. The theory of special relativity, originally proposed by Albert Einstein in his famous 1905 paper, has had profound consequences on our view of physics, space, and time. The goal of this lecture is to introduce the basic concepts of special relativity without overloading it with formulas. The lecture addresses Galilean and Lorentz transformations, emphasizing the conceptual incompatibility of classical kinematics and electrodynamics. The lecture also briefly introduces some famous phenomena behind special relativity including length contraction, time dilation, relativistic kinematics, practical application of the theory and more.

Speaker: Irina Shreyber

2023 CAS. Special Relativity_Shreyber Irina.pdf

2023 CAS. Special Relativity to indico_Shreyber Irina.pptx

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Warm Magnets

Warm magnets are magnets that function in normal ambient temperature conditions. These types mostly use a soft steel yoke for field amplification and either copper or aluminium coils or permanent magnets to generate the field. Magnets powered with such normal-conducting coils are often called classical, iron-dominated or resistive magnets. These magnets have been the workhorse for most linear and circular accelerators and beam transfer lines for decades.

Speaker: Gijs De Rijk

CAS_St.Susanna_warm-magnets.key

CAS_St.Susanna_warm-magnets.pdf

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics II

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined optical functions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Linear Accelerators I

Linear Accelerators (Linacs) are a systems that allow to accelerate charged particles through a linear trajectory by electromagnetic fields. This kind of accelerators find several applications in fundamental research and industry. The main devices used to accelerate the particle beam are described in the first part of the lecture with their main parameters. This includes both Standing (SW) and Traveling Wave (TW) radiofrequency cavities, for different type of accelerated particles (protons, ions and electrons) such as Drift Tube Linacs (DTL), multi cell cavities, Side Coupled Cell (SCC) and disk loaded structures. In the second part of the lecture, the fundamental principles of the longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics of accelerated particles will be highlighted. Finally, we briefly illustrate the radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) devices.

Speaker: David Alesini

Alesini_LINEAR_ACCELERATORS_2023.pdf

Alesini_LINEAR_ACCELERATORS_2023.pptx

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics III

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined optical functions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Linear Accelerators II

Linear Accelerators (Linacs) are a systems that allow to accelerate charged particles through a linear trajectory by electromagnetic fields. This kind of accelerators find several applications in fundamental research and industry. The main devices used to accelerate the particle beam are described in the first part of the lecture with their main parameters. This includes both Standing (SW) and Traveling Wave (TW) radiofrequency cavities, for different type of accelerated particles (protons, ions and electrons) such as Drift Tube Linacs (DTL), multi cell cavities, Side Coupled Cell (SCC) and disk loaded structures. In the second part of the lecture, the fundamental principles of the longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics of accelerated particles will be highlighted. Finally, we briefly illustrate the radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) devices.

Speaker: David Alesini

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Superconducting Magnets

Superconductivity allows to construct and operate magnets at field values beyond 2 Tesla, the practical limitation of normal-conducting magnets exploiting ferro-magnetism. The field of superconducting magnets is dominated by the field generated in the coil. The stored energy and the electromagnetic forces generated by the coil are the main challenges to be overcome in the design of these magnets.

Speaker: Gijs De Rijk

CAS_St.Susanna_SC-magnets.key

CAS_St.Susanna_SC-magnets.pdf

Thursday, September 28

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics IV

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined optical functions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Computational tools I

Numerical Methods and Computational Tools" aims to outline good practices in scientific computing and guide the novice through the multitude of tools available. This lectures aim to clarify important aspects of numerical computing to help avoid making bad but unfortunately common mistakes. We describe the most critical aspects associated with numerical computing with a finite precision floating-point representation of real numbers. Given the indispensable role of computers in the daily life of a scientist, numerical stability is essential knowledge for every modern scientist. In this first lecture, we suggest also reference readings and explain through examples the importance of well-designed and well-chosen numerical methods and algorithms.
The second lecture provides pointers to established resources and describes the main tools available for scientific computing. We explain which tool or solution should be used for a specific purpose, dispelling common misconceptions. We also outline the most common tools for designing and optimising particle accelerators, whether they are rings or linacs. Also, we will unveil powerful shell commands that can speed up simulations, facilitate data processing, and increase your scientific throughput. We will exclusively refer to free and open-source software running on Linux or other Unix-like operating systems.

Speaker: Andrea Latina (CERN)

Computational_Tools.pdf

Examples.zip

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Transverse Linear Beam Dynamics V

The subject of this introductory course is transverse dynamics of charged par-ticle beams in linear approximation. Starting with a discussion of the most important types of magnets and defining their multipole strengths, the linearised equations of motion of charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived using an orthogonal reference frame following the design orbit.  Analytical solutions  are determined for linear elements of  a  typical beam  transfer  line(drift, dipole and quadrupole magnets), and stepwise combined by introducing the matrix formalism in which each element’s contribution is represented by a single transfer matrix. Applying this formalism allows calculating single particle’s trajectories in linear approximation.  After introducing the beam emittance as  the area  occupied by a particle beam in  phase space,  a linear treatment of transverse beam dynamics based on appropriately defined optical functions is introduced. Formalism is applied to the concepts of both weak and strong focus, in particular, in discussing the properties of the widely used FODO cell.  Specific characteristics of transverse beam dynamics in periodic systems like circular accelerators are studied in detail, emphasising the effects of linear field errors on-orbit stability and introducing the phenomena of optical resonances. Finally, the dynamics of off-momentum particles is presented, introducing dispersion functions and explaining effects like chromaticity.

Speaker: Wolfgang Hillert

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Longitudinal BD in Circular Machines I

The lectures present an introduction to longitudinal beam dynamics for circular accelerators.
It presents different circular accelerator types (betatron, cyclotron, synchrocyclotron, synchrotron), and focuses more on the longitudinal beam dynamics in synchrotrons.
The operation principle of synchrotrons is described, synchrotron oscillations in energy and phase are discussed together with their representation in phase space.
The lecture discusses the equations of motion, the stability conditions for the longitudinal oscillations, and introduces the Hamiltonian of longitudinal synchrotron motion.
It also explains the bunch transfer from one accelerator to the next and shows the importance of a proper matching of the longitudinal parameters.
Finally, the RF manipulations in the PS for the generation of the bunch structure of the LHC beam are explained.

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

Longitudinal-Santa-Susanna-2023.pptx

Longitudinal-Santa-Susanna-2023-print.pdf

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Time and Frequency domain signals I

Depending on the application people use time-domain or frequency domain signals in order to measure or describe processes. First we will look at the definition of these terms, produce some mathematical background and then apply the tools to measurements made in the accelerator domain. We will first look at signals produced by a single bunch passing once through a detector (transfer line, linac), then periodic single bunch passages (circular accelerator) and at the end multi-bunch passages in a circular accelerator. The bunches themselves are considered rigid.

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler

timefrequency_2023.pdf

timefrequency_2023.pptx

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Hands-ON Lattice calulations I

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Giulia Russo (CERN), Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)

hands-on-lattice-exercises-master.zip

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Hands-ON Lattice calulations II

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Giulia Russo (CERN), Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)

Friday, September 29

8:30 AM → 12:15 PM Free

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Longitudinal BD in Circular Machines II

The lectures present an introduction to longitudinal beam dynamics for circular accelerators.
It presents different circular accelerator types (betatron, cyclotron, synchrocyclotron, synchrotron), and focuses more on the longitudinal beam dynamics in synchrotrons.
The operation principle of synchrotrons is described, synchrotron oscillations in energy and phase are discussed together with their representation in phase space.
The lecture discusses the equations of motion, the stability conditions for the longitudinal oscillations, and introduces the Hamiltonian of longitudinal synchrotron motion.
It also explains the bunch transfer from one accelerator to the next and shows the importance of a proper matching of the longitudinal parameters.
Finally, the RF manipulations in the PS for the generation of the bunch structure of the LHC beam are explained.

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Linear Imperfections I

After briefly discussing sources of imperfections, we characterize them
in terms of dipole, quadrupolar, and skew quadrupolar errors and move
on to discuss how these imperfections are modeled in beam dynamics codes.
We continue by reviewing the concepts of dispersion and chromaticity and
explain how they are measured before turning to imperfections that are
caused by multipoles, in particular, by feed-down. We conclude by addressing errors that are introduced by imperfect diagnostic equipment such as misaligned position monitors and mention means of how to identify this problem.

Speaker: Volker Ziemann

vz_cas23_imperfections_and_corrections.pdf

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Time and Frequency domain signals II

Depending on the application people use time-domain or frequency domain signals in order to measure or describe processes. First we will look at the definition of these terms, produce some mathematical background and then apply the tools to measurements made in the accelerator domain. We will first look at signals produced by a single bunch passing once through a detector (transfer line, linac), then periodic single bunch passages (circular accelerator) and at the end multi-bunch passages in a circular accelerator. The bunches themselves are considered rigid.

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Linear Imperfections II

After briefly discussing sources of imperfections, we characterize them
in terms of dipole, quadrupolar, and skew quadrupolar errors and move
on to discuss how these imperfections are modeled in beam dynamics codes.
We continue by reviewing the concepts of dispersion and chromaticity and
explain how they are measured before turning to imperfections that are
caused by multipoles, in particular, by feed-down. We conclude by addressing errors that are introduced by imperfect diagnostic equipment such as misaligned position monitors and mention means of how to identify this problem.

Speaker: Volker Ziemann

6:45 PM → 8:00 PM Discussion session

Saturday, September 30

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Beam Instrumentation

Determining beam parameters is essential for the operation and development of any accelerator facility. The working principle of frequently used beam instruments for electron and proton beams is discussed. The first part of the lecture comprises beam instrumentation for beam current determination and the usage of beam position monitors (BPM) for bunched beams. BPMs are applied for position detection of a single bunch and accurate closed orbit determination. Moreover, the position reading delivers synchrotron lattice parameters such as tune and chromaticity. Those monitors are based on detecting the beam's electromagnetic field and are dominantly non-invasive.

Speaker: Peter Forck

CAS_proceedings_diagnostics_forck.pdf

Diagnostics 1 CAS2023 Forck.pdf

Diagnostics 1 CAS2023 Forck.pptx

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Computational tools II

Numerical Methods and Computational Tools" aims to outline good practices in scientific computing and guide the novice through the multitude of tools available. This lectures aim to clarify important aspects of numerical computing to help avoid making bad but unfortunately common mistakes. We describe the most critical aspects associated with numerical computing with a finite precision floating-point representation of real numbers. Given the indispensable role of computers in the daily life of a scientist, numerical stability is essential knowledge for every modern scientist. In this first lecture, we suggest also reference readings and explain through examples the importance of well-designed and well-chosen numerical methods and algorithms.
The second lecture provides pointers to established resources and describes the main tools available for scientific computing. We explain which tool or solution should be used for a specific purpose, dispelling common misconceptions. We also outline the most common tools for designing and optimising particle accelerators, whether they are rings or linacs. Also, we will unveil powerful shell commands that can speed up simulations, facilitate data processing, and increase your scientific throughput. We will exclusively refer to free and open-source software running on Linux or other Unix-like operating systems.

Speaker: Andrea Latina (CERN)

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Beam Diagnostics

The working principle of frequently used beam instruments for electron and proton beams concerning the transverse and longitudinal profile measurement is discussed. A large variety of monitors for transverse profile measurement exists, based on the energy loss of the beam particles in matter followed by the detection of secondary particles or photons (SEM-Grids, wire scanners, scintillation screens, optical transition radiation screens, ionization profile monitors). Based on profile measurements, the beam emittance at transfer lines can be deduced by several methods. The bunch shape is determined with several methods, either based on the broadband measurement of the bunch electric field, by electro-optical techniques or related to the emission of synchrotron photons.

Speaker: Peter Forck

Diagnostics 2 CAS2023 Forck.pdf

Diagnostics 2 CAS2023 Forck.pptx

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Colliders and luminosity

Modern particle physics relies on high energy particle accelerators to provide collisions of various types of elementary particles in order to deduce fundamental laws of physics or properties of individual particles. The only way to generate particle collisions at extremely high energies is to collide particles of counter-rotating beams...called "particle-colliders".

This write-up gives a short briefing on the physics motivation of various particle colliders ($e^+e^-$ colliders, $pp$ colliders, ...), a summary of the historical evolution and a mathematical treatment to describe collider performance.

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler

Colliders_2023.pdf

Colliders_2023.pptx

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Linear Imperfections - corrections

We introduce the BPM-corrector response coefficient R12 as the key quantity
to characterise the effect of imperfections on the beam dynamics before
addressing how the effect of multiple imperfections are combined. We then
introduce local beam bumps as a means to adjust the beam position locally
and move on to discuss orbit correction and the orbit response matrix.
We place special attention to different methods, including singular value
decomposition, to invert the response matrix. After covering quadrupolar
errors and their detrimental effects, such as beta beating and filamentation,
we learn how to measure beam sizes with quadrupole scans and with multiple
wire scanners. We close this session with a discussion of how to adjust
beam size parameters with so-called matching quadrupoles.

Speaker: Volker Ziemann

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Hands-ON Lattice calulations III

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Giulia Russo (CERN), Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Hands-ON Lattice calulations IV

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Giulia Russo (CERN), Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)

Sunday, October 1

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Electron Beam Dynamics I

Beam dynamics of charged particles in the presence of synchrotron radiation is the subject of these lectures. The basic physics of synchrotron radiation emission and its influence on the beam dynamics in the storage rings shape the equilibrium properties of stored beams. The balance between the radiation damping and quantum fluctuations due to the emission of light determines the design of electron storage rings based colliders and synchrotron light sources. These effects also play significant role in the design of future high energy muon and hadron colliders.

Speaker: Lenny Rivkin (Paul Scherrer Institute (CH))

ElectronDynamics_LRivkin.pdf

ElectronDynamics_LRivkin.pptx

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Electron Beam Dynamics II

Beam dynamics of charged particles in the presence of synchrotron radiation is the subject of these lectures. The basic physics of synchrotron radiation emission and its influence on the beam dynamics in the storage rings shape the equilibrium properties of stored beams. The balance between the radiation damping and quantum fluctuations due to the emission of light determines the design of electron storage rings based colliders and synchrotron light sources. These effects also play significant role in the design of future high energy muon and hadron colliders.

Speaker: Lenny Rivkin (Paul Scherrer Institute (CH))

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Injection and Extraction

This lecture gives an overview of the beam injection and extraction principles for accelerators.
After a brief general introduction, it explains different methods of injecting the beam for hadron and lepton machines.
It describes single- and multi-turn hadron injection, charge-exchange H- injection, then betatron and synchrotron injection for leptons.
For extraction, it presents single- and multi-turn extraction, as well as resonant extraction methods.
Finally, the requirements for linking several accelerators by a transfer line are presented.

Speaker: Yann Dutheil (CERN)

CAS_inj_extr_2023.pdf

CAS_inj_extr_2023.pptx

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Machine & People Protection Issues

This contribution is an introduction to the requirements of the machine protection system. As the first step, the interactions of fast charged particles, neutrons and γ-rays with matter are summarized. The architecture of a machine protection system based on beam loss detection is described. The principle and application of beam loss monitor are introduced. Personal safety issues and personal dosimetry are discussed, including the concept of radiation shielding.

Speaker: Peter Forck

CAS_proceedings_machine-protection_forck.pdf

Machine protection CAS2023 Forck.pdf

Machine protection CAS2023 Forck.pptx

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM ALBA presentation - Discussion session

Speakers: Caterina Biscari (ALBA Synchrotron), Caterina Biscari (CELLS (ES))

Introduction to ALBA Synchrotron.pdf

Introduction to ALBA Synchrotron.pdf

Introduction to ALBA Synchrotron.pptx

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Hands-ON Lattice calulations V

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Giulia Russo (CERN), Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Hands-ON Lattice calulations VI

Speakers: Davide Gamba (CERN), Giulia Russo (CERN), Tirsi Prebibaj (CERN)

Monday, October 2

8:00 AM → 7:30 PM Excursion - Buses leave at 8:00

Excursion - Buses leave at 8:00

Tuesday, October 3

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Cyclotrons

Due to its simplicity the classical cyclotron has been used very early for applications in science, medicine and industry. Higher energies and intensities were achieved through the concepts of the sector focused isochronous cyclotron and the synchro-cyclotron. Besides those the fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFA) represents the most general concept among these types of fixed field accelerators, and the latter one is actively studied and developed for future applications

Speaker: Mike Seidel

Cyclotrons_Seidel.pdf

Cyclotrons_Seidel.pptx

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM RF systems I

Radio-frequency (RF) systems deliver the power to change the energy of a charged particle beam, and they are integral parts of linear and circular accelerators. A longitudinal electrical field in the direction of the beam is generated in a resonant structure, the RF cavity. As it directly interacts with the bunches of charged particles, the cavity can be considered as a coupler to transport energy from an RF power power amplifier to the beam. The power amplifier itself is driven by a low-level RF system assuring that frequency and phase are suitable for acceleration, and feedback loops improve the longitudinal beam stability. The spectrum of RF systems in particle accelerators in terms of frequency range and RF voltage is wide. Special emphasis is given to the constraints and requirements defined by the beam, which guides the appropriate choices for the RF systems.

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

RFSystemsBothParts.pdf

RFSystemsBothParts.pptx

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Sustainability for Accelerators

The main focus of the lecture is given to the power conversion process in accelerators from grid to beam and its efficiency. Considered types of facilities include proton drivers, light sources, particle colliders, and example parameters are discussed. By maximizing the energy efficiency of technical systems and entire concepts the overall power consumption of research infrastructures can be minimized, thereby improving sustainability and reducing carbon footprint. Other aspects of sustainability discussed in the lecture include: the use of critical materials, the carbon footprint of civil construction and heat recovery.

Speaker: Mike Seidel

Sustainability_Seidel.pdf

Sustainability_Seidel.pptx

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM RF systems II

Radio-frequency (RF) systems deliver the power to change the energy of a charged particle beam, and they are integral parts of linear and circular accelerators. A longitudinal electrical field in the direction of the beam is generated in a resonant structure, the RF cavity. As it directly interacts with the bunches of charged particles, the cavity can be considered as a coupler to transport energy from an RF power power amplifier to the beam. The power amplifier itself is driven by a low-level RF system assuring that frequency and phase are suitable for acceleration, and feedback loops improve the longitudinal beam stability. The spectrum of RF systems in particle accelerators in terms of frequency range and RF voltage is wide. Special emphasis is given to the constraints and requirements defined by the beam, which guides the appropriate choices for the RF systems.

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

RFSystemsBothParts.pdf

RFSystemsBothParts.pptx

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - Intro

Speakers: Alexandre Lasheen (CERN), Danilo Quartullo (CERN), Heiko Damerau (CERN), Simon Albright (CERN)

LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_solutions.ipynb

Python - Software Setup Instructions

Exercise files - Empty LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_empty.ipynb

Exercise files - Solutions

• LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_solutions.ipynb
• LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_solutions.pdf
• LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_solutions_printable.pdf
• LongitudinalHandsOnRFSystemCalculations_solutions_safari.pdf

Introductory presentation - RF system design LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalCalculations.pdf LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalCalculations.pptx

Longitudinal beam dynamics cheat sheet

• cheat_sheet.html
• cheat_sheet.md
• cheat_sheet.pdf
• cheat_sheet.pdf

Pyhton cheat sheet PythonExample.ipynb TutorialLibraryOfFunctions.py

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - I

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - II

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

Wednesday, October 4

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Vacuum

This lecture introduces major physics and technology aspects of accelerator vacuum systems. Following an introduction, in the second section generic vacuum quantities such as pressure, gas density, the gas equation, pumping speed, conductance are introduced. Since accelerators typically have lengthy vacuum tubes, one-dimensional calculation is in many cases sufficient to compute a pressure profile for an accelerator, and methods for doing so are developed in the next section. In the fourth section accelerator specific aspects of vacuum are considered. This includes lifetime limiting effects for the particle beam, such as bremsstrahlung, elastic and inelastic scattering. Requirements for vacuum properties are derived. In the fifth section types of components and suitable materials for accelerator vacuum systems are described. Such components are for example flange systems, vacuum chambers for accelerators and the different types of pumps.

Speaker: Mike Seidel

Vacuum_Seidel.pdf

Vacuum_Seidel.pptx

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Collective Effects I

Collective effects in particle accelerators are one of the key constituents for determining the ultimate particle accelerator performance.Their role is becoming increasingly important as particle accelerators are being pushed ever closer towards the intensity and beam brightness frontiers. They are slightly peculiar in their nature as their impact and significance depend not only on external fields but also on the beam properties themselves.This results in a highly coupled and convoluted system. In these lectures we will give a brief overview over collective effects in particle accelerators in general. We will cover the topics in a highly conceptual and illustrative manner. The goal will be for the students to get an intuitive impression on the nature and the aftermath of collective effects.The lectures will cover different types of collective effects along with their manifestation in accelerators and briefly outline the limitations they impose along with a few means for potential mitigation techniques.

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Susanna1_Multiparticle.pdf

Susanna1_Multiparticle.pptx

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Introduction to Non- Linear longitudinal Beam Dymanics

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

IntroductionNonLinearLongitudinalBeamDynamics.pdf

IntroductionNonLinearLongitudinalBeamDynamics.pptx

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Collective Effects II

Collective effects in particle accelerators are one of the key constituents for determining the ultimate particle accelerator performance.Their role is becoming increasingly important as particle accelerators are being pushed ever closer towards the intensity and beam brightness frontiers. They are slightly peculiar in their nature as their impact and significance depend not only on external fields but also on the beam properties themselves.This results in a highly coupled and convoluted system. In these lectures we will give a brief overview over collective effects in particle accelerators in general. We will cover the topics in a highly conceptual and illustrative manner. The goal will be for the students to get an intuitive impression on the nature and the aftermath of collective effects.The lectures will cover different types of collective effects along with their manifestation in accelerators and briefly outline the limitations they impose along with a few means for potential mitigation techniques.

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Susanna2_Spacecharge.pdf

Susanna2_Spacecharge.pptx

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - III

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

Python - Software Setup Instructions

Exercise files - Empty LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_empty.ipynb support_functions.py

Exercise files - Solutions LongitudinalHandsOnTracking_solutions.ipynb support_functions.py

Introductory presentation - Longitudinal tracking LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalTracking_corr.pdf LongitudinalHandsOnIntroductionLongitudinalTracking_corr.pptx

Longitudinal beam dynamics cheat sheet

• cheat_sheet.html
• cheat_sheet.md
• cheat_sheet.pdf
• cheat_sheet.pdf

Python cheat sheet PythonExample.ipynb TutorialLibraryOfFunctions.py

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - IV

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Hands-ON calculations (longitudinal) - v

Speaker: Heiko Damerau (CERN)

9:00 PM → 11:00 PM Cinema event

Thursday, October 5

8:00 AM → 12:15 PM Visit of the ALBA Synchrotron - Departure 8:00 AM

Bus will leave at 8:00 AM !!!

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Collective Effects III

Collective effects in particle accelerators are one of the key constituents for determining the ultimate particle accelerator performance.Their role is becoming increasingly important as particle accelerators are being pushed ever closer towards the intensity and beam brightness frontiers. They are slightly peculiar in their nature as their impact and significance depend not only on external fields but also on the beam properties themselves.This results in a highly coupled and convoluted system. In these lectures we will give a brief overview over collective effects in particle accelerators in general. We will cover the topics in a highly conceptual and illustrative manner. The goal will be for the students to get an intuitive impression on the nature and the aftermath of collective effects.The lectures will cover different types of collective effects along with their manifestation in accelerators and briefly outline the limitations they impose along with a few means for potential mitigation techniques.

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Susanna3_WakesImpd.pdf

Susanna3_WakesImpd.pptx

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Sources

Speaker: Klaus Knie

CAS2023-Sources-Knie.pdf

CAS2023-Sources-Knie.pptx

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Collective Effects IV

Collective effects in particle accelerators are one of the key constituents for determining the ultimate particle accelerator performance.Their role is becoming increasingly important as particle accelerators are being pushed ever closer towards the intensity and beam brightness frontiers. They are slightly peculiar in their nature as their impact and significance depend not only on external fields but also on the beam properties themselves.This results in a highly coupled and convoluted system. In these lectures we will give a brief overview over collective effects in particle accelerators in general. We will cover the topics in a highly conceptual and illustrative manner. The goal will be for the students to get an intuitive impression on the nature and the aftermath of collective effects.The lectures will cover different types of collective effects along with their manifestation in accelerators and briefly outline the limitations they impose along with a few means for potential mitigation techniques.

Speaker: Kevin Shing Bruce Li (CERN)

Susanna4_Instabilities.pdf

Susanna4_Instabilities.pptx

5:45 PM → 6:45 PM Discussion session

6:45 PM → 7:45 PM Poster session

Poster session

6:45 PM Poster session

Poster session

Friday, October 6

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM A first taste of Non- Linear Beam Dynamics I

Speaker: Hannes Bartosik (CERN)

Non-linear_dynamics_I.pdf

Non-linear_dynamics_I.pptx

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Secondary beams and targets

Speaker: Klaus Knie

CAS2023-SecondaryBeams-Knie.pdf

CAS2023-SecondaryBeams-Knie.pptx

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM A first taste of Non- Linear Beam Dynamics II

Speaker: Hannes Bartosik (CERN)

Non-linear_dynamics_II.pdf

Non-linear_dynamics_II.pptx

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Advanced accelerator concepts I

Speaker: Massimo Ferrario

CAS_AAC_SantaSusanna_023.pdf

CAS_AAC_SantaSusanna_023.pptx

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Particle motion in Hamiltonian Formalism I

Speaker: Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

hamiltonian_intro_2023_I.pdf

hamiltonian_intro_2023_I.pptx

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:45 PM Study time

6:45 PM → 8:00 PM Seminar: ITER - The Way to Fusion Energy

Convener: Paco Sanchez

20231006_Way_Fusion_Energy.pdf

20231006_Way_Fusion_Energy.pptx

6:45 PM **Seminar** ITER - The Way to Fusion Energy

Speaker: Paco Sánchez (Fusion for Energy)

Saturday, October 7

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Advanced accelerator concepts II

Speaker: Massimo Ferrario

9:45 AM → 10:45 AM Particle motion in Hamiltonian Formalism II

Speaker: Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

hamiltonian_intro_2023_II.pdf

hamiltonian_intro_2023_II.pptx

10:45 AM → 11:15 AM Coffee break

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Synchrotron light circular machines & FELs I

Speaker: Eduard Prat Costa

2023.pdf

2023.pptx

12:15 PM → 1:45 PM Lunch

1:45 PM → 2:45 PM Synchrotron light circular machines & FELs II

Speaker: Eduard Prat Costa

3:00 PM → 4:00 PM Designing a synchrotron - a real life example

Speaker: Yannis Papaphilippou (CERN)

SPS_CAS2023.pdf

SPS_CAS2023.pptx

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 5:30 PM Closing

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

Closing-Intro2023.pdf

Closing-Intro2023.pptx

8:30 PM → 11:00 PM Banquet

Sunday, October 8

8:30 AM → 2:30 PM Departure Day