Mechanical & Materials Engineering for Particle Accelerators and Detectors, 2-15 June 2024, Sint-Michielsgestel, Netherlands

Jun 2, 2024, 8:30 AM → Jun 15, 2024, 7:30 PM Europe/Zurich

Hotel De Ruwenberg (Netherlands)

Frank Tecker (CERN)

In collaboration with NIKHEF (Dutch National Institute for Subatomic Physics) the CERN Accelerator School is organising a topical course on:

Mechanical & Materials Engineering for Particle Accelerators and Detectors

For the first time in the history of CAS, the CERN Accelerator School organises a course on Mechanical & Materials Engineering.

The course is proposed to engineers and applied physicists desiring to deepen their knowledge in mechanics for particle accelerators.

A complete lecture program will be covering a wide range of mechanical engineering and material science aspects, complemented by a series of talks about applications in the field of accelerators. In addition, various blocks of “hands-on” experiments are foreseen, during which the participants will be guided to do practical work, as well as organised visits of professional companies with specific expertise close by.

 

Participant-groups.pdf

Timetable_CAS_MME24_version_6final.pdf

Sun, June 2

8:30 AM → 7:30 PM Arrival day and registration

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Mon, June 3

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Opening

Speakers: Alessandro Bertarelli (CERN), Frank Tecker (CERN), Jan Visser (Nikhef National institute for subatomic physics (NL))

20240603_CAS_IntroToMME_ABe_v2.pdf

20240603_CAS_IntroToMME_ABe_v2.pptx

Nikhef-Intro-CAS.pdf

opening-mechanical-2024.pdf

opening-mechanical-2024.pptx

Recording

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Introduction to Mechanics and Structures I

If a structure is loaded or deformed, the atoms within the material are displaced and the material responds with a deformation. This deformation determines the mechanical behaviour of the material. Different types of deformation exist. In particular, it can be possible to distinguish reversible deformations, with the deformation disappearing after unloading, and irreversible deformations that preserve the deformation after unloading. Generally, reversible deformations are called elastic, irreversible deformations are called plastic. The complete analysis of the structure requires first of all the definition of the states of stress and deformation induced inside the material and then the development of specific tools to complete the analysis. The attention is focused on the yield criteria to distinguish between elastic and plastic regime, the flow rule to govern the correlation between stresses and strain increment and the hardening evolution equation to describe how the yielding surface modifies during the deformation.

Speaker: Dr Martina Scapin (Politecnico di Torino)

Recording

Scapin_I.pdf

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Introduction to Mechanics and Structures II

Pressure vessels are leakproof containers. They may be of any shape: they commonly have the form of spheres, cylinders, cones, ellipsoids or some composite of them. A common design is a cylinder with end caps called heads. Vessels or shells are considered to be formed of curve plate in which the thickness is small in comparison with the other dimensions, offering little resistance to bending perpendicular to their surface: they are mainly subjected to a membrane state of stress. The membrane stresses are average stresses over the thickness of the vessel and are considered to act tangent to its surface. Except for limited portions, bending is not necessary to equilibrate the pressure, differently from what happens in case of planar plates.

Speaker: Dr Martina Scapin (Politecnico di Torino)

Recording

Scapin_II.pdf

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Introduction to Engineering Materials

This lecture presents an overview of the basic concepts and fundamentals of Engineering Materials within the framework of accelerator applications. After a short introduction, main concepts relative to the structure of matter are reviewed, like crystalline structures, defects and dislocations, phase diagrams and transformations. The microscopic description is correlated with physical properties of materials, focusing in metallurgical aspects like deformation and strengthening. Main groups of materials are addressed and described, namely, metals and alloys, ceramics, polymers, composite materials, and advanced materials, where brush-strokes of tangible applications in particle accelerators and detectors are given. Deterioration aspects of materials are also presented, like corrosion in metals and degradation in plastics.

Speaker: Ana Arauzo (Universiy of Zaragoza)

AA IntrEngMat_fv.pdf

Recording

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 3:30 PM Introduction to Design for Accelerators

Accelerator components need to be designed such that they are robust and reliable in order to produce a maximum of beam time during its long lifetime. A key factor to reach such level is the quality of the engineering specifications described on 2D drawings and used for fabrication. In the lecture you will get an introduction of the basics of functional dimensioning and ISO GPS (Geometrical Product Specification) languages, and how it applies to a realistic case.

Speaker: Marc Timmins (CERN)

CAS lecture introduction to design of accelerators - Final V3.pdf

CAS lecture introduction to design of accelerators - Final V3.pptx

Recording

3:30 PM → 4:30 PM Physical Properties & Testing

The use of materials in particle accelerator applications implies the consideration of physical properties in different environments than usual industrial applications. Cryogenic temperatures, high radiation, medium to high vacuum and high magnetic fields are requirements for which the behaviour of materials has to be evaluated. In this lecture, Thermal, Electrical and Magnetic properties are briefly introduced, highlighting the mechanisms governing variation with temperature and magnetic field. Standards and testing methods for different properties are described, illustrated with practical examples. With regard to the characterisation of thermal properties of a material, testing methods of heat capacity and thermal conductivity are described, with details of the main working principle and measurement examples. Determination of electrical resistivity and the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) are the main characteristics of electrical properties, together with specific characterisation of superconducting materials. Testing magnetic properties deserve special attention; different methods are commonly employed to characterise non-magnetic and magnetic materials. In magnetic metals and ferrites non-linear behaviour and hysteresis effects need to be considered in order to assess their suitability for applications or to model material performance.

Speaker: Ana Arauzo (Universiy of Zaragoza)

AA PhysPro&Test_fv.pdf

Recording

4:30 PM → 5:00 PM Coffee break

5:00 PM → 6:00 PM Sustainable and Affordable Design

Designing a system is a complex process and there are a lot of people involved with different competencies. All competencies should be complementary to each other with some overlap, and everyone should have the same goal. Everyone is giving their best to reach the goal to the best of their capabilities. Oftentimes, manufacturing knowledge is not taken into account because a supplier is not yet selected, sometimes because of certain organisational constraints.
To come up with an ideal design that is both sustainable and affordable, engineers should involve manufacturers at a very early stage. Manufacturers can give their inputs starting in the definition phase, influencing the design later on. Early tests can be done to provide the designer with feedback about limitations.
This approach will take some extra time at the start of the design process, but that investment will pay back later in the project. Fewer mistakes will be made in the design phase and transfer to manufacturing will be much smoother since the manufacturer was a part of the design process. Also, the cost will be lower. Manufacturing knowledge is now integrated correctly into the design.
Even when suppliers are already involved in the early stages, different manufacturing options can be developed concurrently with the design to achieve systems that go beyond the state of the art and require processes that are beyond the current state of the art. This however takes extra time; when done concurrently it can be ready at the same time when the system design is ready.
Pulling the supplier selection forward makes a lot of sense; it helps to create an optimal design with fitting manufacturing processes.

Speaker: Wilfried van Kessel (VDL)

240603 Efficient Design CAS.pdf

Recording

6:00 PM → 7:00 PM One slide - one minute

1S1M.pdf

1S1M.pptx

7:00 PM → 7:30 PM Welcome Drink

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Tue, June 4

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Standards and Safety

Nowadays accelerators components and related manufacturing/assembly tools shall comply with the safety requirements raised by the countries where the facilities are exploited. The regulations created by governments impacts hazardous equipment such as pressure equipment, machinery and lifting accessories, with legal implications on the whole equipment lifecycle. The risk analysis, transversal to the equipment type, is the main tool to assess the decision whether or not a device represents a serious risk. The Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU will be used to introduce some basics concepts, such as Essential Safety Requirements and harmonised standards, common to different European directives. The implication of harmonised standards on design, manufacturing, inspection and test for a pressure equipment will be explained referring to the EN 13445 as main example. Mention to the required technical documentation will close the part related to pressure equipment. The machinery directive 2006/42/EC will be then briefly described, with special mention to control systems, technical documentation and the special case of lifting accessories. Eventually a quick reference to Eurocodes will complete the overview of the connections between safety and standards in the field of mechanical equipment for accelerators.

Speaker: Luca Dassa (CERN)

2024cas_lds.pdf

2024cas_lds.pptx

Recording

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Computational Tools I (design)

This talk will explain the motivation behind the use of computer-aided engineering tools, and in particular finite-element tools, in the design process of complex systems. We will recall the theory behind the finite elements method, present the most adopted solvers, and give examples of the application of implicit solvers at CERN.

Speaker: Federico Carra (CERN)

ComputationalTools_1.pdf

ComputationalTools_1.pptx

Recording

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Computational Tools II (fabrication)

This talk will further investigate the difference between implicit and explicit finite elements solvers, and will then focus on the architecture of the explicit solvers. We will present the requirements in terms of integration steps and material models, the main fields of application of explicit tools, and practical examples of use at CERN for the simulation of large-deformation processes (design of fabrication processes) and extreme scenarios with change of phase, fragmentation and explosions, typical of particle beam impacts on accelerator structures.

Speaker: Federico Carra (CERN)

ComputationalTools_2.pdf

ComputationalTools_2.pptx

Recording

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Non Destructive Testing

In this lecture, we explore the fundamentals of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods used in raw materials and assemblies for particle accelerators. We cover surface inspection techniques including Visual Testing (VT), Penetrant Testing (PT), Magnetic Testing (MT), and Eddy Current Testing (ET), highlighting their principles and practical applications. We also present the volume inspection methods Radiographic Testing (RT) and Ultrasonic Testing (UT), discussing how these techniques enable the detection of internal flaws. Real-world examples from particle accelerator projects illustrate the critical role of NDT in ensuring structural integrity and performance. The lecture also addresses relevant standards and regulatory frameworks that govern NDT practices, emphasizing their importance in maintaining safety and compliance in the field of particle accelerators.

Speaker: Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN)

CAS_MME24_NonDestructiveTesting_GAI_v1.pdf

CAS_MME24_NonDestructiveTesting_GAI_v1.pptx

Recording

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 3:30 PM Mechanical Testing

Mechanical testing at low temperatures implies specific requirements on test setup, sensors and procedures. Standard mechanical test methods as tensile, fracture and fatigue are discussed and some aspects are highlighted in the field of cryogenic testing.

Speaker: Klaus-Peter Weiss (KIT, Institute for Technical Physics)

Mechanical-Testing_KPWeiss.pdf

Recording

3:30 PM → 4:30 PM Steels & Stainless Steels I

Ferrous materials show a very large range of mechanical and physical properties that can be conferred and tailored by alloying, fabrication and processing and are controlled by their structure at the micro- and macro-levels. After a general introduction to the metallurgy of ferrous alloys and a discussion of the relationship between their structure and properties, the main families of wrought steel products will be presented, including their fabrication, heat treatments, industrial applications and service characteristics. Emphasis will be given to describing properties and applications of constructional, heat-treatable and tool steels. Several case studies of interest for accelerator components and other structural applications will be illustrated. Cast irons will also be treated.
The second part of the course will be devoted to stainless steels. Application of stainless steels, featuring properties unavailable with other ferrous alloys, is continuously expanding. These alloys are today prevailing materials for high demanding constructions including vacuum and cryogenic systems, pressure vessels, structural components of accelerator and fusion magnets. Their physical and mechanical properties, machinability, weldability and brazeability are key parameters. Adequate strength, ductility, magnetic properties at room as well as low temperatures are important factors for structural and vacuum components working at cryogenic temperatures. The reasons for specific requirements in terms of metallurgical processes are detailed for obtaining adequate purity, inclusion cleanliness and fineness of the microstructure. In many cases these requirements are crucial to guarantee the final leak tightness of vacuum components or adequate properties of structural parts. Steelmaking and processing, thermal treatments and manufacturing aspects allowing such stringent specification requirements to be achieved will be illustrated. A particular attention will be devoted to grades of practical interest for structural and vacuum applications, including innovative grades and manufacturing technologies. Magnetic properties and corrosion aspects will also be addressed.

Speaker: Dr Stefano Sgobba (CERN)

Recording

Steels_and_stainless_I_final_on_site_local.pdf

Steels_and_stainless_I_final_on_site_local.pptx

4:30 PM → 5:00 PM Coffee break

5:00 PM → 6:00 PM Non Ferrous Materials

The lecture examines the selection and application of non-ferrous metals in particle accelerators. It begins by discussing the environmental conditions within accelerators, such as cryogenic temperatures, ultra-high vacuum, and radiation, and how these factors influence material choice. The lecture then describes various families of non-ferrous metals—aluminium, copper, titanium, and niobium—highlighting their properties, applications, and specific alloy designations critical for accelerator components. It emphasises the importance of thoroughly understanding material properties and the challenges posed by the unique environment of particle accelerators.

Speaker: Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

Non – ferrous metals for particle accelerators2024-plain-.pdf

Non – ferrous metals for particle accelerators2024-plain-.pptx

Recording

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Wed, June 5

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Steels & Stainless Steels II

Ferrous materials show a very large range of mechanical and physical properties that can be conferred and tailored by alloying, fabrication and processing and are controlled by their structure at the micro- and macro-levels. After a general introduction to the metallurgy of ferrous alloys and a discussion of the relationship between their structure and properties, the main families of wrought steel products will be presented, including their fabrication, heat treatments, industrial applications and service characteristics. Emphasis will be given to describing properties and applications of constructional, heat-treatable and tool steels. Several case studies of interest for accelerator components and other structural applications will be illustrated. Cast irons will also be treated.
The second part of the course will be devoted to stainless steels. Application of stainless steels, featuring properties unavailable with other ferrous alloys, is continuously expanding. These alloys are today prevailing materials for high demanding constructions including vacuum and cryogenic systems, pressure vessels, structural components of accelerator and fusion magnets. Their physical and mechanical properties, machinability, weldability and brazeability are key parameters. Adequate strength, ductility, magnetic properties at room as well as low temperatures are important factors for structural and vacuum components working at cryogenic temperatures. The reasons for specific requirements in terms of metallurgical processes are detailed for obtaining adequate purity, inclusion cleanliness and fineness of the microstructure. In many cases these requirements are crucial to guarantee the final leak tightness of vacuum components or adequate properties of structural parts. Steelmaking and processing, thermal treatments and manufacturing aspects allowing such stringent specification requirements to be achieved will be illustrated. A particular attention will be devoted to grades of practical interest for structural and vacuum applications, including innovative grades and manufacturing technologies. Magnetic properties and corrosion aspects will also be addressed.

Speaker: Dr Stefano Sgobba (CERN)

Recording

Steels_and_stainless_II_final_on_site.pdf

Steels_and_stainless_II_final_on_site.pptx

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Machining

Machining is a key technology for the fabrication of a multitude of components across a diverse range of sectors, including mechanical and plant engineering, medical technology, aerospace, and the electronics and optics industries. The subject of machining processes has been extensively analysed and described in numerous scientific papers. This lecture will introduce the most well-known models for chip formation and elucidate their limitations. Innovative solutions for current technological challenges will be presented, addressing the topics of temperature measurement within the cutting zone, machining of hard-brittle materials with ductile working principles and innovative process technologies. Novel concepts for the development of machine tools and their components are also presented. Finally, a description of how data science methods can be utilised for manufacturing technology is provided.

Speaker: Julius Tschoepel (Institute of Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF, Technische Universität Berlin)

Presentation_CERN_CAS_School_UPLOAD.pdf

Presentation_CERN_CAS_School_UPLOAD.pptx

Recording

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Mechanical Measurements

The lecture gives a short introduction on the large field of mechanical measurements. This domain covers a large number of different technologies like mechanics, mechatronics, optics, acoustics, metrology, material science, thermodynamics, electricity, electronics, data acquisition and  - storage, analysis techniques,…. The lecture focusses on measurement and data analysis techniques typically used in particle accelerator and detector developments. In addition, a view is given on measurements in challenging conditions such as cryogenic temperatures, high magnetic fields and several other difficulties encountered by the CERN MME Mechanical measurement lab. Throughout the talk, references will be given to books and articles as an additional source of information.

Speaker: Kurt Artoos (CERN)

CAS Mechanical Measurements Upload.pdf

CAS Mechanical Measurements Upload.pptx

Recording

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Plastics and Composite Materials

The presentation explored the fundamentals of polymeric and composite materials, reviewing their structures to enhance understanding of their properties and performance. It provided an overview of their classifications, strengths, and limitations to aid in selecting the most suitable materials for the different applications. Additionally, relevant examples of their use in the CERN particle accelerator complex were discussed.

Speaker: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN)

CAS2024_Plastics and Composites_ATPF.pdf

CAS2024_Plastics and Composites_ATPF.pptx

Recording

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Design (Group B) in Amphitheatre

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

Design - Exercise 1.7z

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Group D: Study time

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Material and NDT (Group C) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseFA_v1.pptx

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseMC_v1Student.pdf

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseMC_v1Student.pdf

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseMC_v1Student.pptx

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseRT_v2Answers.pptx

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseRT_v2Student.pptx

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseUT_v0Answers.pptx

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_CaseUT_v0Student.pptx

CAS_MME24_MaterialTestingNDT_Introduction_v1.pptx

EN_ISO_17636-2_2022_en_Excerpt.pdf

EN_ISO_5817_2023_en_Excerpt.pdf

mat. certificate.pdf

Spec_1000_Ed._6_1.4429_316LN_UHV_applications_EDMS-790773.pdf

Spec_1001_Ed._6_1.4429_316LN_blanks_for_UHV_applications.pdf

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group A) in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

CAS2024_Mechanical Measurements_Introductionlogistics.pdf

CAS2024_Mechanical Measurements_Introductionlogistics.pptx

CAS2024_Mechanical Measurements_Static Measurements.pdf

CAS2024_Mechanical Measurements_Static Measurements.pptx

EN-MMELAB_Dynamic_F.pdf

EN-MMELAB_Dynamic_F.pptx

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Design (Group B) in Amphitheatre

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

CASME_002 - Vacuum Chamber_empty_for_students.pdf

Drawings exercise 2.zip

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pdf

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pptx

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Group D: Study time

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Material and NDT (Group C) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group A) in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

6:30 PM → 7:30 PM Mechanics of Golf

Speaker: Jan Visser (Nikhef National institute for subatomic physics (NL))

Recording

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Thu, June 6

8:30 AM → 1:00 PM Visit DIFFER (all groups)

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Design (Group A) in Amphitheater

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

Design - Exercise 1.7z

RemoteConnection.pdf

RemoteConnection.pdf

RemoteConnection.pptx

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Group C: Study time

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Material and NDT (Group B) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group D) in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Design (Group A) in Amphitheater

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

Drawings exercise 2.zip

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pdf

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pdf

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pptx

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Group C: Study time

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Material and NDT (Group B) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group D) in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Fri, June 7

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Beam Intercepting Devices

"
Beam-intercepting devices (BIDs) are components of particle accelerator facilities that partially or completely intercept the particle beam. BIDs can be distinguished in three categories, depending on their function: targets generate secondary particles; collimators and scrapers clean up the beam and protect the beam line from damage and/or activation; beam dumps absorb the beam after it has served its purpose and needs to be safely disposed of. In many cases, BIDs must withstand extremely high temperatures, stresses and activation. For this reason, the design of BIDs is a rather complex procedure involving knowledge of mechanical engineer, material science, particle-matter interaction, as well as Monte Carlo and Multiphysics simulations. After an introduction about BIDs and the challenges they pose, I will give an overview of the BIDs currently employed in the High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) facility at PSI as well as the one that are being designed for future upgrade programs. The last part of the lecture will be devoted to the handling of BIDs after they have been activated through the particle beam. "

Speaker: Davide Reggiani (Conseil Europeen Recherche Nucl. (CERN))

BIDs-Reggiani.pdf

Recording

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM NC Magnets

This first course is dedicated to magnets for accelerators, specifically "conventional" magnets, which encompass permanent magnets and electromagnets. We will comprehensively review the characteristics of these magnets, including their design, manufacturing processes, and qualification measurements, with a particular focus on field quality. To enhance understanding, the course will feature concrete examples drawn from the magnets used in the upgrade of the Swiss Light Source SLS2.0

Speaker: Stephane Sanfilippo

CAS 2024 conventional magnets_june 2024.pdf

CAS 2024 conventional magnets_june 2024.pptx

Recording

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM SC Magnets

This second course focuses on superconducting magnets for accelerators. We will begin by reviewing the basics of superconductivity, with particular emphasis on behavior under magnetic fields. Following this, we will explore the characteristics of practical conductors used for both low (LTS) and high critical temperature superconducting magnets (HTS). Next, we will delve into the manufacturing process from strand to magnets, highlighting key aspects such as stability, training quenches, Lorentz force compensation, and quench protection. To enrich the lecture, we will provide real-world examples of superconducting magnets used at the LHC (CERN) and the Paul Scherrer Institut.

Speaker: Stephane Sanfilippo

CAS 2024 superconducting magnets_june 2024.pdf

CAS 2024 superconducting magnets_june 2024.pdf

CAS 2024 superconducting magnets_june 2024.pptx

Recording

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Cryostats and Cryomodules

This lecture aims at giving non-expert engineers and scientists working in the domain of accelerators a general introduction to the main disciplines and technologies involved in the design and construction of accelerator cryostats for superconducting (SC) devices.
The main functions and requirements for cryostats for SC devices are presented, supported by examples from accelerators like LHC, HIE Isolde and XFEL. Engineering solutions adopted in cryostat design are also illustrated throughout the lecture. An overview of the operating temperatures and pressures for the SC devices is given, presenting the working points on the phase diagram of helium. Thermal heat loads and thermodynamic efficiency in heat extraction in large cryogenic state-of-the-art cryoplants is recalled.
Thermal heat exchange mechanisms in cryostats, in particular thermal radiation and solid conduction are covered, providing simplified calculation formulas for preliminary design.
Thermal shielding, multi-layer insulation (MLI) systems, supporting systems and heat interception in feedthroughs are illustrated. Vapor cooling in current leads and RF power couplers is mentioned. Some basic aspects of cryostat construction, precautions with pressure vessels and compliance with Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) are underlined. The relevant mechanical failure mechanisms in cryostat components are illustrated. Cryogenic safety in cryostats, and potential cryogenic pressure hazards and the sizing of the pressure safety devices concludes this lecture.

Speaker: Vittorio Parma (CERN)

Appendices.pdf

Appendices.pptx

Cryostats and Cryomodules.pdf

Cryostats and Cryomodules.pptx

Recording

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Design (Group D) in Amphitheater

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

Design - Exercise 1.7z

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Group B: Study time

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Material and NDT (group A) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group C) in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Design (Group D) in Amphitheater

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

Drawings exercise 2.zip

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pdf

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pptx

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Group B: Study time

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Material and NDT (group A) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group C) in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

6:30 PM → 7:30 PM Einstein Telescope

Speaker: Patrick Werneke (Nikhef National institute for subatomic physics (NL))

ET - CAS 7jun24 - 25.pdf

ET - CAS 7jun24 - 25.pptx

Recording

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Sat, June 8

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Additive Manufacturing

Speaker: Antonello Astarita (University of Naples "Federico II")

PPT_Astarita_CAS24.pdf

PPT_Astarita_CAS24.pptx

Recording

Video preview

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Large Structures for Fusion Technology

Speaker: Neil Mitchell (Private consultant)

fusion.pdf

Recording

Video preview

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Design for Additive Manufacturing

Speaker: Antonello Astarita (University of Naples "Federico II")

Recording

Video preview

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Digital Twins for Accelerators and Detectors

Speaker: Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

CASMech_DT.pdf

CASMech_DT.pptx

Recording

Video preview

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Design (Group C) in Amphitheater

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

Design - Exercise 1.7z

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Group A: Study time

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Material and NDT (Group D) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group B) in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Design (Group C) in Amphitheater

Speakers: Federico Carra (CERN), Marc Timmins (CERN)

Drawings exercise 2.zip

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pdf

Practical_Session_CAS_MME_design exercise 2_offcial.pptx

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Group A: Study time

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Material and NDT (Group D) in the room C2

Speakers: Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla (CERN), Gonzalo Arnau Izquierdo (CERN), Ignacio Aviles Santillana (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Mech. Meas. (Group B)in the room B2

Speakers: Michael Guinchard (CERN), Oscar Sacristan De Frutos (CERN)

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Sun, June 9

8:30 AM → 6:00 PM Excursion day

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Mon, June 10

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Welding I

Speaker: Joseph Mark Krumenacker

(CAS)CERN Welding 1.pdf

(CAS)CERN Welding 1.pptx

Recording

Video preview

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Introduction to Metrology

The author delves into the importance of measurement and how it is expressed. The origins of the current measurement system, particularly the 7 SI base units, are introduced, along with their definitions and interactions. Furthermore, the author describes how international agreement on the SI units was achieved and continues to evolve.

Speaker: Paul Shore (Loxham Precision)

Introduction to Metrology.pdf

Recording

Video preview

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Vacuum Brazing

The techniques of vacuum brazing and vacuum soldering are presented. Initially, we demonstrate how vacuum assists in the reduction of specific metal oxides, which significantly enhances the wetting of the braze material. Examples of metal-to-metal brazing and soldering are then shown. The scenario of the assembly and brazing of large accelerating cavities, specifically Radio Frequency Quadrupoles (RFQ), is exposed in greater detail to present a comprehensive procedure tailored for high-precision, larger-scale assemblies. Lastly, the process of brazing ceramics using both techniques, with metallisation and with active brazing alloy, are explained.

Speaker: Serge Mathot (CERN)

CAS2024_Vacuum Brazing_Mathot.pdf

CAS2024_Vacuum Brazing_Mathot.pptx

Recording

Video preview

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Welding II

This course focuses on the advantages of increasing welding source energy density, such as reduced distortions, minimized heat-affected zones, and improved welding speed, which shortens the overall process cycle. It primarily examines two high energy density welding processes: electron beam welding and laser beam welding. The course briefly outlines the history and introduction of these technologies at CERN. It delves into the fundamental principles of conduction and keyhole welding. The main components from an electron beam and a laser welding machines are described.  Additionally, it addresses considerations for designing welded joints and discusses specific weldability issues for materials like steel, aluminium, copper, and other reactive materials. The course also introduces relevant normative aspects and safety precautions for handling electron and laser beams. It concludes by exploring alternative applications, future trends, and providing a brief comparison of the two technologies.

Speaker: Romain Gerard (CERN)

Recording

Video preview

Welding II.pdf

Welding II.pptx

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Fabrication (Group B) in B2

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Groups C & D: Visit VDL

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Metrology (Group A) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Fabrication (Group B) in B2

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Groups C & D: Visit VDL

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Metrology (Group A) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

CAS2024_Metrology_Introductionlogistics.pdf

CAS_Hands-on_Metrology_Optical-Profilometry.pdf

CAS_Metrology - Hands-on session - 3D scanning.pdf

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Tue, June 11

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Surface Treatments & Coatings

Speaker: Mauro Taborelli (CERN)

Recording

Surface treatments CAS.pdf

Surface treatments CAS.pptx

Video preview

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Forming

This course is a brief introduction to metallic alloys forming in the solid state. Materials forming is presented through its main scientific challenges: material and heat flow, thermomechanical interaction between the material and the tools and microstructure evolution induced by the associated physical mechanisms.
Thus, through the exposition of these various scientific challenges, several classical materials forming processes such as rolling, wire drawing, extrusion, stamping, as well as less classical processes such as flow forming and magnetic forming, are introduced and described.
The course aims to acquaint the audience with the different aspects and scientific disciplines related to materials forming and to familiarize them with some of the widely used processes.

Speaker: Charbel Moussa

Cours_CAS_CERM_C_Moussa_final_public.pdf

Recording

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10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Measurement Uncertainty

In this lecture, we will introduce the concept of measurement uncertainty. We will explore the different types of uncertainty and learn how to classify errors in measurements. After examining various sources of uncertainty, we will focus into the methods for estimating measurement uncertainty and how to calculate it for coordinate measuring systems.

Speaker: Samanta Piano

CERN presentation_2024.pdf

CERN presentation_2024.pptx

Recording

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12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Vacuum Systems for Accelerators

Vacuum systems are an intrinsic part of any accelerators around the world: all particles are circulating under vacuum. This lecture gives rudiments on fundamentals of vacuum science such as units, ideal gas law, partial pressure, mean free path, flow of molecules, conductance, pumping speed and outgassing. An overview of standard vacuum instruments for pressure measurement and pumping is presented. Finally, the specificities of accelerator vacuum systems are introduced discussing some design, construction, installation and commission aspects and fundamentals of beam-vacuum interactions with  synchrotron radiation and electron cloud.

Speaker: Vincent Baglin (CERN)

Recording

Vacuum_Systems-_V_Baglin_-_CAS_Mechanics_2024.pdf

Vacuum_Systems-_V_Baglin_-_CAS_Mechanics_2024.pptx

Video preview

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Fabrication (Group D) in B2

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Groups A & B: Visit VDL

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Metrology (Group C) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Fabrication (Group D) in B2

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Groups A & B: Visit VDL

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Metrology (Group C) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Lunch

Wed, June 12

8:30 AM → 1:00 PM Free Study Time

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Fabrication (Group A) in B2

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Groups C & D: Visit IBS / SIOUX

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Metrology (Group B) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Fabrication (Group A) in B2

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Groups C & D: Visit IBS / SIOUX

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Metrology (Group B) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Thu, June 13

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Fabrication Summary

Fabrication technologies play a critical role in the development of accelerator components, ensuring high precision, reliability, and compliance with stringent functional and environmental requirements. This work presents an overview of key fabrication techniques used in accelerator technology, including precision machining, welding, sheet metal forming, and advanced multi-technology approaches. The study highlights the importance of machining accuracy, surface integrity for ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and radiofrequency (RF) applications, and material considerations such as purity and magnetic permeability. Additionally, it explores the impact of fabrication workflows, design-for-manufacturability strategies, and the make-or-buy decision process to optimise production efficiency. Integrating cutting-edge simulation techniques and process optimisation methods is also discussed to minimise errors and enhance component longevity. These insights contribute to advancing fabrication processes for the next generation of accelerator technologies.

Speaker: Said Atieh (CERN)

Fabrication Technologies for Accelerator Technology.pptx

Recording

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9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Undulators

The presentation shows the aspects of the mechanical design of undulators. The following topics will be explained:
-        Principal function of Undulator
-        Types of Undulators, such as planar and circular Undulators
-        In vacuum and out of vacuum Undulators
-        Design of Keepers for Magnets with the possibility of adjustment for each individual magnet.
-        Different possibilities for the design of the Frame
-        Detail of Columns (Connection from the structure inside the vacuum to the drives outside)
-        Principle of movers for the alignment

Speaker: Haimo Joehri (Paul Scherrer Institut)

Recording

Undulators-CERN-2024.pdf

Undulators-CERN-2024.pptx

Video preview

Yuri2.0 Kopie720.mov

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM RF Applications

Providing the acceleration aspect of particle accelerators, RF system are fundamental to the operation of all particle accelerators. However, with applications as wide as pulse compression and beam diagnostics, RF is a wide-ranging topic with innumerable applications. In this talk, we will dive into the world of RF by describing the fundamental concepts you’ll face when working with RF engineers. On top of this, we will see how mechanical and RF engineers must work in a strong partnership to realise the final systems.

Speaker: Thomas Geoffrey Lucas

2024_CAS_Mechanical_Engineering-Radio_Frequency_Systems.pdf

2024_CAS_Mechanical_Engineering-Radio_Frequency_Systems.pptx

Recording

Video preview

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM RF Power and Couplers

We review the main types of RF power amplifiers used for particle accelerators.
It covers vacuum beam tubes, specifically gridded tubes, including tetrodes, inductive output tubes, klystrons, and transistor amplifiers, with power outputs greater than 10 kW CW or 100 kW pulsed at frequencies from 50 MHz to 1 GHz.
Functioning principle and construction aspects of these various items are presented.
Factors affecting the satisfactory operation of amplifiers, including cooling, matching, and protection circuits, are discussed.
We also review the techniques of transport of high-power radiofrequency power from a RF power source to the cavities of an accelerator.
Waveguide and coaxial lines are explained showing power limits.
Main power couplers are also explained, on the construction side of it.

Speaker: Eric Montesinos (CERN)

Recording

RF for Accelerators - RF power Nederlands.pdf

RF for Accelerators - RF power Nederlands.pptx

Video preview

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Fabrication (Group C) in Amphitheater

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

Fabrication folder

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Groups A & B: Visit IBS / SIOUX

2:30 PM → 4:00 PM Metrology (Group D) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Fabrication (Group C) in Amphitheater

Speaker: Simon Barrière (CERN)

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Groups A & B: Visit IBS / SIOUX

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Metrology (Group D) in the room C2

Speakers: Ahmed Cherif (CERN), Giacomo Calchi (CERN)

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Dinner

Fri, June 14

8:30 AM → 9:30 AM Detector Magnets and Structures

Speaker: Herman Ten Kate (CERN)

Recording

TenKate - CAS 14 June 2024.pdf

9:30 AM → 10:30 AM Technology Highlights of High-Energy Accelerator Projects

Within the many different types of particle accelerators the high energy research installations (in particular particle colliders) have been leading with their sometimes unreasonable specifications to the development of new key technologies. All those new technologies are based on high quality mechanical engineering designs and manufacturing techniques.
This lecture lists quickly major accelerator components including their physics background. It follows an "almost random choice" of supreme solutions in mechanical engineering ranging from individual components to complete subsystems.

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler

Recording

Technology Highlights of Accelerator Projects.pdf

Technology Highlights of Accelerator Projects.pptx

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Coffee break

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Beam Instrumentation

Beam instrumentation is a diverse field for accelerators, closely linking accelerator physics, electronics and software as well as mechanics and materials.
This lecture will focus on mechanics and materials aspects that are specific to beam instrumentation. It will use a small number of instruments to showcase examples for technology and issues commonly found by the instrumentation engineer.
Coming at the end of the school, it will assume knowledge of fields given in a number of earlier lectures.

Speaker: Raymond Veness (CERN)

CAS Beam Instrumentation - final-v2.pdf

CAS Beam Instrumentation - final-v2.pptx

Recording

12:00 PM → 1:00 PM Alignment and Metrology

Alignment and metrology for particle accelerators and detectors have always been a challenge for surveyors, due to the high number and diversity of components to align, the very specific measurement environment and the non-standard alignment tolerances. This led to the development of new methods and instrumentation, the push for accuracy of the existing ones, and their automation. This presentation will describe the steps needed to perform the alignment of components inside a collider, from the geodetic infrastructure to the final smoothing inside the tunnel. A state of the art of the methods and instrumentation developed will be presented, before setting the directions for the Research and Development for the alignment of future colliders.

Speaker: Helene Mainaud Durand (CERN)

CAS_GM_June24_v3.pdf

CAS_GM_June24_v3.pptx

Recording

1:00 PM → 2:30 PM Lunch

2:30 PM → 3:30 PM Colliders

Speaker: Hermann Schmickler

Mech_Eng-Colliders_2024.pdf

Mech_Eng-Colliders_2024.pptx

Recording

3:30 PM → 4:30 PM Closing

Speaker: Frank Tecker (CERN)

closing-mechanical-2024.pdf

closing-mechanical-2024.pptx

4:30 PM → 5:00 PM Coffee break

7:30 PM → 9:00 PM Gala Dinner

Sat, June 15

8:30 AM → 7:30 PM Departure day