The 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory

26 Jul 2021, 00:00 → 30 Jul 2021, 18:00 US/Eastern

The International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory is an annual conference series that attracts scientists from around the world working on lattice quantum field theory. The conference is the largest in the field and covers topics in

• QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density
• Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions
• Hadron Structure
• Standard Model Parameters
• QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model
• Particle physics beyond the Standard Model
• Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics
• Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry
• Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) 
• Software development and Machines

Lattice2021ConferencePhoto-lowres.pdf

Lattice2021ConferencePhoto.pdf

LatticeCircular1.pdf

PublicLectureFlyer.pdf

Monday 26 July

Discussion/social: Reception in Gather

1 Welcome (in conference zoom)

Conference Opening.pdf

Plenary

Convener: Francesca Cuteri (Goethe Universität)

2 Flavour physics overview

Speaker: Ruth Van de Water (Fermilab)

645_M2Pl_Ruth_Van_de_Water

3 An overview of the QCD phase diagram at finite $T$ and $\mu$

In recent years there has been much progress on the investigation of the QCD phase diagram with lattice QCD. This talk will focus on the developments in the last few years. Especially the addition of external influences and extended ranges of $T$ and $\mu$ yield an increasing number of interesting results, a subset of which will be discussed. Many of these conditions are important for the understanding of both the QCD transition in the early universe and heavy ion collision experiments which are conducted for example at the LHC and RHIC. This offers many exciting opportunities for comparisons between theory and experiment.

Speaker: Jana N. Guenther (Aix-Marseille Universiiy)

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guentherLattice2021.pdf

4 Heavy quarks at finite temperature

New incarnations of heavy-ion collision experiments are turning our attention to hard processes and a more fine-grained resolution of the QGP. In this endeavor quarkonia or open heavy flavors turn out to be versatile probes, which are usually described through models based on perturbative QCD, AdS, and effective field theories. The lattice provides nonperturbative input and constraints to such models.

In-medium bottomonia, the complex static quark-antiquark potential, and the heavy-quark momentum diffusion coefficient are key quantities where lattice gauge theory has recently achieved significant progress with impact for heavy-ion phenomenology.
I review these lattice results, relate them to phenomenological applications, and close with a outlook.

Speaker: Dr Johannes Heinrich Weber (Humboldt University of Berlin)

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lat2021-hvyflav-weber.pdf

5 Aspects of finite temperature QCD approaching the chiral limit

Speaker: Anirban Lahiri (Bielefeld University)

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al.pdf

Discussion/social: In Gather

Discussion/social: Student and postdoc mixer in Gather Beer Garden

Convener: Dimitra Pefkou (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Convener: Zohreh Davoudi (University of Maryland)

6 From tensors to qubits

We discuss recent progress in Tensor Lattice Field Theory and economical, symmetry preserving, truncations suitable for quantum computations/simulations. We focus on spin and gauge models with continuous Abelian symmetries such as the Abelian Higgs model and emphasize noise-robust implementations of Gauss's law. We discuss recent progress concerning the comparison between field digitizations and character expansions, symmetry breaking in tensor language, wave-packet preparation and possible new implementations of Abelian models using Rydberg atoms.

Speaker: Yannick Meurice (University of Iowa)

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YMlattice2021.pdf

7 Open Lattice Field Theory

The paradigm of effective field theory is one of the most powerful tools available in physics. While most commonly employed in parametrizing renormalization group flow, it is also of great utility in describing dispersive systems such as $K_0 - \bar{K}_0$ states that both oscillate and decay. Of particular interest for the lattice community is the study of field theories off the real axis of coupling constants. This is important for behavior at finite chemical potential as well as in the study of critical phenomena more generally. These models can exhibit a rich phenomenology, such as non-unitary critical points and steady-state attractors. We describe a mapping of an arbitrary dispersive bosonic lattice effective theory onto a class of unitary system + environment models that are amenable to simulation on quantum machinery, and discuss how certain aspects can be studied even on near-term noisy hardware.

Speaker: Jay Hubisz (Syracuse University)

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LatticeTalk2021.pdf

8 Quantum Algorithms for Open Lattice Field Theories

Some aspects of quantum systems with non-unitary dynamics are well-described by non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonians. Such systems contain a wealth of interesting physics such as their phase structure, eg. QCD at finite Baryon density, which describes cores of neutron stars. Classical simulation of general non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is rendered difficult, and in some cases, impossible due to the sign problem. Quantum computers offer the promise of solving this issue, but contemporary quantum computers in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era are not capable of simulating complicated field theories. Simpler, open field theories on small lattices, with the axiom of locality/sparsity, however, are amenable for simulation on near-term devices. We simulate non-unitary dynamics by embedding the system of interest in a larger unital one via ancillary qubits and use measurements on the ancillas to extract the desired dynamics. The price of doing this are the inevitable quantum jumps, which put the system in an error state. In this talk, two measurement-based prescriptions will be presented for simulating general non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We apply these quantum channels to the well-studied 1-D quantum Ising chain with an imaginary longitudinal magnetic field and show that the channels are sensitive to the exceptional points, which in the thermodynamic limit corresponds to the Lee-Yang Edge singularity, despite quantum jumps.

Speaker: Bharath Sambasivam (Syracuse University)

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Lattice_2021_talk.pdf

9 Simulation of Open LFT

Open lattice field theories are useful in describing many physical systems. Yet their implementation in traditional quantum computing is hindered by the requirement of Hermiticity. One method used to overcome this is embedding the non-Hermitian system within a larger Hermitian system by introducing ancillary qubits. We implement the transverse Ising Model with an addition of an imaginary longitudinal magnetic field. We show for two-qubit systems this method works very well. For larger systems in the NISQ era, a robust noise model is needed. We investigate the robustness to noise of this methodology for larger quantum systems using a QISKIT-based noise model.

Speaker: Michael Hite (University of Iowa)

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Hite_Simulations_OLFT.pdf

10 Toward Quantum SImulations using Discrete Subgroup Approximations

The possibility for near-term quantum simulations in lattice field theory depends upon efficiently using the limited resources available. In this talk, we will discuss how approximating lattice gauge theories like SU(3) with discrete subgroups can be theoretically analyzed as a lattice effective field theory. Further, methods for implementation upon quantum hardware will be covered. Numerical results for Euclidean calculations for U(1) and SU(3) subgroups will be presented with modified and improved actions that relate to Hamiltonians other than Kogut-Susskind's.

Speaker: Hank Lamm (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)

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Lamm_handout.pdf

11 Quantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model

The Schwinger model is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and fault-tolerant settings. In particular, we analyze low-order Trotter formula simulations of the Schwinger model, using recently derived commutator bounds, and give upper bounds on the resources needed for simulations. We give scalable measurement schemes and algorithms to estimate observables which we cost in both settings by assuming a simple target observable: the mean pair density. Finally, we bound the root-mean-square error in estimating this observable via simulation as a function of the diamond distance between the ideal and actual CNOT channels. This work provides a rigorous analysis of simulating the Schwinger model, while also providing benchmarks against which subsequent simulation algorithms can be tested.

Speaker: Alexander Shaw (University of Maryland College Park)

Lattice_21_Slides (6).pdf

12 Subleading conformal dimensions using a qubit regularization of the O(4) model

Computing conformal dimensions $D(j_L,j_R)$ of local fields that transform in an irreducible representation of $SU(2) \times SU(2)$ labeled with $(j_L,j_R)$ at the $O(4)$ Wilson-Fisher fixed point has become interesting recently, especially when $j_L$, $j_R$ become large. These calculations are challenging in the traditional lattice $O(4)$ model. We can overcome these difficulties by using a qubit regularized O(4) model constructed with a local five dimensional Hilbert space. While previously we computed $D(j,j)$ using this approach, here we design an algorithm to compute $D(j,j-1)$ for $2 \leq j \leq 20$.

Speaker: Prof. Shailesh Chandrasekharan (Duke University)

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Lattice-2021 Slides

13 Qubit Regularization of Asymptotic Freedom

We provide strong evidence that the asymptotically free (1+1)-dimensional non-linear O(3) sigma model can be regularized using a quantum lattice Hamiltonian, referred to as the "Heisenberg-comb", that acts on a Hilbert space with only two qubits per spatial lattice site. The Heisenberg-comb consists of a spin-half anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg-chain coupled anti-ferromagnetically to a second local spin-half particle at every lattice site. Using a world-line Monte Carlo method we show that the model reproduces the universal step-scaling function of the traditional model up to correlation lengths of 200,000 in lattice units and argue how the continuum limit could emerge. We provide a quantum circuit description of time-evolution of the model and argue that near-term quantum computers may suffice to demonstrate asymptotic freedom.

Speaker: Hersh Singh (Duke University)

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talk.pdf

Hadron Structure

Convener: David Richards (Jefferson Lab)

14 Investigating $N \to N\pi$ axial matrix elements

Excited state contamination is one of the most challenging sources of systematics to tackle in the determination of nucleon matrix elements and form factors.
The signal-to-noise problem prevents one from considering large source-sink time separations.
Instead, state-of-the-art analyses consider multi-state fits.
Excited state contributions to the correlation functions are particularly significant in the axial channel.
In this work, we confront the problem directly.
Since the major source of contamination is understood to be related to pion production, we consider 3-point correlators with a $N$ operator at the source and a $N \pi$ interpolating operator at the sink, which allows studies of $N \to N\pi$ matrix elements.
After discussing the challenges that arise when using a 2-particle interpolating operator, like the projection onto the proper irreducible representation and on the isospin components, we present results of $N \to N\pi$ processes, mediated by an axial current, on an $m_{\pi} \approx 420 MeV$ ensemble.

Speaker: Mr Lorenzo Barca (Universität Regensburg)

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n2npi_me_latticeconference21.pdf

15 Patterns of flavour symmetry breaking in hadron matrix elements involving u, d and s quarks

Using an SU(3) flavour symmetry breaking expansion between the strange and light quark masses, we determine how this constrains the extrapolation of baryon and meson octet matrix elements and form factors. In particular we can construct certain combinations, which fan out from symmetric point (when all the quark masses are degenerate) to the point when the light and strange quarks take their physical values. As an example we consider vector form factors at various momentum.

Speaker: Roger Horsley (University of Edinburgh)

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talk_rhorsley_lat21.pdf

16 Nucleon Charges and Sigma Terms from $N_f = 2 + 1$ QCD

We report on the recent progress of our analysis into nucleon sigma terms, as well as the singlet axial and tensor nucleon charges. These are extracted from the CLS gauge configurations, which utilise the Lüscher-Weisz gluon action and the Sheikholeslami-Wohlert fermion action with $N_f = 2 + 1$ fermions, with pion masses ranging from the physical value up to 410 MeV, and lattice spacings covering a range between 0.09fm and 0.04fm. We have employed a variety of methods to determine the necessary correlation functions, including the sequential source method for connected contributions, and the truncated solver method for disconnected contributions. Extrapolation to the physical point involves leading order discretisation, chiral, and finite-volume effects.

Speaker: Daniel Jenkins (Universität Regensburg)

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pres_v2.pdf

17 Improved analysis of nucleon isovector charges and twist-2 matrix elements on CLS $N_f=2+1$ ensembles

Preliminary results are presented for nucleon isovector charges and twist-2 matrix elements which have been obtained employing an improved analysis strategy to deal with excited state contamination. The set of CLS N_f=2+1 gauge ensembles in this study has been extended compared to our 2018 calculation, including an ensemble at physical quark masses. Besides the addition of new ensembles, the number of gauge configurations and measurements has been increased on several of the existing ensembles and the analysis has been extended to include additional source-sink separations. The ensembles cover a range of the light quark mass corresponding to $M_\pi\approx 0.130\mathrm{MeV} \ldots 350\mathrm{MeV}$, four values of the lattice spacing $a\approx0.05\mathrm{fm}\ldots 0.09\mathrm{fm}$ and a large range of volumes. Results at the physical point are computed for each observable from a combined chiral, continuum and finite size extrapolation.

Speaker: Konstantin Ottnad (University of Mainz)

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talk_ottnad_lattice2021.pdf

18 Flavor diagonal nucleon charges

We present updates on the calculation of flavor diagonal axial, tensor and scalar nucleon charges $g_{A,S,T}^{u,d,s}$ focusing on understanding the excited state contamination (ESC) including contributions of possible low-lying ($N\pi$ and $N\pi\pi$) excited states to individual nucleon matrix elements.

Speaker: Sungwoo Park (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

sungwoo_lat21_v7.pdf

19 Excited states and precision results for nucleon charges and form factors

Starting with a summary of our studies of the sensitivity of various charges and form factors to the excited state spectrum, including input from PCAC, vector meson dominance and chiral perturbation theory, I will present an update on results for nucleon charges and form factors.

Speaker: Rajan Gupta (Los Alamos National Lab)

Rajan_lat21.pdf

20 Nucleon isovector momentum fraction, helicity and transversity moment using Lattice QCD

In this talk, I will discuss our recent calculations (Phys. Rev. D102 (2020) no.5, 054512, JHEP 2104 (2021) 044 ) of the first x-moment of nucleon isovector polarized, unpolarized and transversity distributions (momentum fraction, helicity and transversity moment respectively). We use the standard method for the calculation of these moments (via matrix elements of twist two operators), we carry out a detailed analysis of the sources of systematic uncertainty, in particular of excited state contributions. Our calculations have been performed using two different lattice setups (Clover on HISQ and Clover on Clover), each with several ensembles, which give consistent results that are in agreement with global fit analyses.

Speaker: Santanu Mondal

talk_lattice_2021.pdf

21 Towards a variational calculation of nucleon elastic structure

We have implemented and are computing nucleon 3pt functions using the stochastic Laplacian Heaviside (sLapH) method. Such a technique enables the use of momentum space creation and annihilation operators providing access to the Breit-Frame as well as full control of the spin of the initial and final operator. It also enables the use of multi-hadron operators, for example the problematic N-pi excited state. We will report on the success (or lack thereof) of using sLapH for such three point function calculations as measured both in terms of the computational cost, the stochastic signal that is achievable as compared to the more standard fixed source-sink separation computations using local creation operators and momentum space sinks.

Speaker: Andre Walker-Loud (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

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Walker-Loud_gA_LQCD.pdf

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Convener: Biagio Lucini (Swansea University)

22 The 't Hooft-Veneziano limit of the Polyakov loop models

The broad class of U(N) and SU(N) Polyakov loop models on the lattice
are solved exactly in the combined large N, Nf limit, where N is a number
of colors and Nf is a number of quark flavors, and in any dimension.
In this 't Hooft-Veneziano limit the ratio N/Nf is kept fixed. We calculate
both the free energy and various correlation functions. The critical behavior
of the models is described in details at finite temperatures and non-zero baryon
chemical potential. Furthermore, we prove that the calculation of the N-point
(baryon) correlation function reduces to the geometric median problem in
the confinement phase. In the deconfinement phase we establish an existence
of the complex masses and an oscillating decay of correlations in a certain
region of parameters.

Speaker: Oleg Borisenko (Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences)

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borisenko_lat21.pdf

23 Dual Polyakov loop model at finite density: phase diagram and screening masses

We consider a dual representation of an effective three-dimensional Polyakov loop model for the SU(3) theory at nonzero real chemical potential. This representation is free of the sign problem and can be used for numeric Monte-Carlo simulations. These simulations allow us to locate the line of second order phase transitions, that separates the region of first order phase transition from the crossover one. The behavior of local observables in different phases of the model is studied numerically and compared with predictions of the mean-field analysis. Our dual formulation allows us to study also Polyakov loop correlation functions. From these results, we extract the screening masses and compare them with the large-N predictions.

Speaker: Volodymyr Chelnokov (Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe-University Frankfurt)

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LATTICE2021_chelnokov.pdf

24 Coarse Graining in Effective Theories of Lattice QCD in Low Dimensions

In the strong coupling and heavy quark mass regime, lattice QCD reduces to a 3 dimensional theory of Polyakov loops. We apply coarse graining techniques to such theories in 1 and 2 dimensions at finite temperature and non-zero chemical potential.
In 1 dimension the method is applied to the effective theory up to $\mathcal{O}(\kappa^4)$, where $\kappa$ is the hopping parameter of the original Wilson action. Using the transfer matrix, the recursion relations are solved analytically. The thermodynamic limit is taken for some intensive observables. Afterwards, continuum extrapolation is performed numerically and results are discussed.
In 2 dimensions the coarse graining method is applied in the pure gauge and static quark limit. Running couplings are obtained and the fixed points of the transformations are discussed. Finally, the critical coupling of the deconfinement transition is determined in both limits. Agreement to about $15\%$ with Monte Carlo results from the literature is observed.

Speaker: Christoph Konrad (Goethe-University Frankfurt)

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Coarse Graining in Effective Theories of Lattice QCD.pdf

25 Hamiltonian Lattice QCD from Strong Coupling Expansion

We present generalizations of Hamiltonian Lattice QCD as derived from the continuous time limit of strong coupling lattice QCD: we discuss the flavor dependence and the effect of gauge corrections. This formalism is applied at finite temperature and baryon density and allows both for analytic and numeric investigations that are sign problem-free.

Speaker: Wolfgang Unger (Universität Bielefeld)

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Hamiltonian.pdf

26 Heavy-dense QCD at fixed baryon number without a sign problem

QCD at fixed baryon number can be formulated in terms of transfer matrices explicitly defined in the canonical sectors. In the heavy-dense limit, the fermionic contributions to the canonical partition functions can be calculated analytically in terms of Polyakov loops. It turns out that at low temperatures and infinitely strong coupling the sign problem is exponentially reduced by many orders of magnitude for any baryon number, that is, essentially absent. We show how this can be used for the construction of cluster algorithms which achieve a similar improvement away from the strong coupling limit.

Speaker: Urs Wenger (Universität Bern (CH))

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lattice21_wenger.pdf

27 Thimble regularisation of YM fields: crunching a hard problem.

Thimble regularisation of Yang Mills theories is still to a very large extent terra incognita. We will discuss a couple of topics related to this big issue. 2d YM theories are in principle good candidates as a working ground. An analytic solution is known, for which one can switch from a solution in terms of a sum over characters to a form which is a sum over critical points. We would be interested in an explicit realisation of this mechanism in the lattice regularisation, which is actually quite hard to work out. A second topic is the inclusion of a topological term in the lattice theory, which is the prototype of a genuine sign problem for pure YM fields. For both these challenging problems we do not have final answers. We will present the current status of our study.

Speaker: Francesco Di Renzo (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)

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fdrLAT2021.pdf

28 Localisation of Dirac modes in finite-temperature $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory on the lattice

The low-lying Dirac modes become localised at the finite-temperature transition in QCD and in other gauge theories, suggesting a general connection between their localisation and deconfinement. The simplest model where this connection can be tested is $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions. We show that in this model the low modes in the staggered Dirac spectrum are delocalised in the confined phase and become localised in the deconfined phase. We also show that localised modes correlate with disorder in the Polyakov loop configuration, in agreement with the "sea/islands picture" of localisation. These results further support the conjecture that localisation and deconfinement are closely related.

Speaker: György Baranka (Eötvös Loránd University)

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z2gaugeth.pdf

29 Symmetries of temporal correlators and the nature of hot QCD.

We report results on symmetries of temporal correlators above Tc
obtained within the N_F = 2 QCD with the chirally symmetric
Dirac operator at physical quark masses. We observe both U(1)_A
and SU(2)_L * SU(2)_R chiral symmetries as well as the chiral
spin symmetry SU(2)_CS, which is a symmetry of the color charge
and of the electric interaction. Emmergence of the latter
symmetry suggests that above Tc but below roughly 3Tc the color
charge is not yet screened and degrees of freedom are the chirally
symmetric quarks bound by the electric field into the color singlet
objects.

Speaker: Leonid Glozman

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lattice2021.pdf

QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model

Convener: Thomas Blum

30 Finite size effects in the leading hadronic vacuum polarisation contribution to $(g-2)_\mu$

The leading hadronic vacuum polarisation contribution to $(g-2)_\mu$
was recently determined by the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal
collaboration to sub-percent precision, providing for the first
time an ab-initio calculation of this quantity with errors comparable
to phenomenological determinations.

To reach this unprecedented level of precision, a number of
critical issues needed to be addressed. One such issue was
the significant finite-size effects arising from the two-pion
physics that dominates the hadronic vacuum polarisation.
In this talk we describe how these finite-size effects were
addressed through a combination of dedicated lattice simulations,
chiral perturbation theory, and phenomenological models.

Speaker: Dr Finn M. Stokes (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH)

finnstokes_lattice2021.pdf

Leading hadronic contribution to the muon magnetic moment from lattice QCD

Video

31 Continuum extrapolation of the hadronic vacuum polarization

In this talk we present in detail the continuum extrapolation procedure of the
recent determination of the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment from the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal collaboration (arxiv:2002.12347).

Speaker: Kalman Szabo (Forschungszentrum Julich)

lat21.pdf

Video

32 Hadronic vacuum polarization of the muon on 2+1+1-flavor HISQ ensembles: an update.

We present an update, from the Fermilab Lattice, HPQCD, and MILC collaborations, of our results for the light-quark, connected contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization correction to the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment. The calculation is performed on 2+1+1 highly-improved staggered quark (HISQ) ensembles with physical pion mass at four lattice spacings (0.15fm-0.06fm). We also present preliminary results for a study of the two-pion contributions to the vector-current correlation function performed on the 0.15fm ensemble.

Speaker: Shaun Lahert (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Lattice_g-2_conn_FNALHPQCDMILC.pdf

Video

33 The muon g-2 with four flavors of staggered quarks

We present updated results for the light-quark connected part of the leading hadronic contribution to the muon g−2 from configurations with 2+1+1 flavors of HISQ quarks using the time-momentum representation of the electromagnetic current correlator. We have added statistics on two ensembles as well as a fourth lattice spacing using configurations that have been generated by the MILC collaboration at the physical pion mass. Additionally we account for the leading finite-volume and taste-breaking effects using Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory at NNLO.

Speaker: Prof. Christopher Aubin (Fordham University)

caubin_lat2021.pdf

Video

34 High precision scale setting on the lattice

Recently, the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous
magnetic moment of the muon was determined by the BMW collaboration with
sub-percent precision. Such a precision requires to
control many sources of uncertainty. One of these is the uncertainty
in the determination of the lattice spacing.
In this talk, we present the scale setting entering this computation. It
relies on the mass of the Omega baryon as input which is directly used to set
the scale of our main calculation. It also allows us to calculate the
value of the intermediate scale setting quantity $w_0$. Here, we present
our calculation of this quantity with a relative precision of about 0.4%.

Speaker: Lukas Varnhorst (Aix-Marseille University)

talk_varnhorst.pdf

Video

35 Ruling Out the Massless Up-Quark Solution to the Strong CP Problem by Computing the Topological Mass Contribution with Lattice QCD

The infamous strong CP problem in particle physics can in principle be solved by a massless up quark. In particular, it was hypothesized that topological effects could substantially contribute to the observed nonzero up-quark mass without reintroducing CP violation. Alternatively to previous work using fits to chiral perturbation theory, in this talk we present direct lattice QCD computations of the topological mass contribution, based on examining the dependence of the pion mass on the dynamical strange-quark mass. We find that the size of the topological mass contribution is inconsistent with the massless up-quark solution to the strong CP problem.

Speaker: Lena Funcke (Perimeter Institute)

Lattice21_StrongCP_Funcke.pdf

Lattice21_StrongCP_Funcke.pptx

Video

36 Proton decay amplitudes at the physical point with chirally symmetric quarks

Proton decay is a long-sought manifestation of baryon number violation predicted by Grand Unification and expected due to baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Amplitudes of such decay in various channels depend on proton structure determined by nonperturbative QCD dynamics and have to be determined on a lattice. We report results of a recent calculation of these amplitudes using chirally symmetric quark action at the physical pion mass. While our lattices relatively coarse (a=0.2 and 0.14 fm), we don't observe any significant lattice spacing dependence.

Speaker: Sergey Syritsyn (JLab Theory Group)

2021-syritsyn-pdecay.pdf

Video

37 Near Physical Point Lattice Calculation of Isospin-Breaking Corrections to $K_{\ell2}/\pi_{\ell2}$

In recent years, lattice determinations of non-perturbative quantities such as $f_K$ and $f_\pi$, which are relevant for $V_{us}$ and $V_{ud}$, have reached an impressive precision of O(1%) or better. To make further progress, electromagnetic and strong isospin breaking effects must be included in lattice QCD simulations.

We present the status of the RBC&UKQCD lattice calculation of isospin-breaking corrections to light meson leptonic decays. This computation is performed in a (2+1)-flavor QCD+QED using Domain Wall Fermions with near-physical quark masses. The QED effects are implemented via a perturbative expansion of the action in $\alpha$. In this calculation, we work in the electro-quenched approximation and the photons are implemented in the Feynman gauge and QEDL formulation.

Speaker: Andrew Zhen Ning Yong (University of Edinburgh)

Lattice2021_IBPl2_AZNYong.pdf

Video

Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry

Convener: Jeff Greensite (San Francisco State University)

38 Properties of the $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$ mesons Part I: Masses and decay constants

We present results for $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$ masses at the physical point.
The two independent decay constants, e.g., for the flavour singlet/non-singlet
basis, are also computed for both particles. The chiral and continuum limit extrapolation is performed on 21 CLS $n_f = 2+1$ Wilson Clover improved ensembles at four different lattice spacings and along two quark mass trajectories, including one ensemble very close to the physical quark mass point. For the first time the decay constants are determined directly from the
axialvector matrix elements without model assumptions. This allows us to
study the QCD scale dependence of the decay constants and to determine all low
energy constants contributing at NLO in Large-$N_c$ ChPT at a well defined
renormalization scale.

Speaker: Jakob Simeth (University of Regensburg)

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simeth_etamassesanddecs.pdf

39 Properties of the $\eta$ and $\eta'$ mesons Part II: Gluonic matrix elements

We present results of gluonic and pseudoscalar matrix elements of the $\eta$ and $\eta'$ mesons at the physical quark mass point, in the continuum limit. The simulations are carried out on $n_f=2+1$ CLS ensembles, with non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions. We discuss the renormalization of these quantities and check the consistency with the singlet and non-singlet axial Ward identities. Our results are well described in terms of Large-$N_c$ ChPT at NLO. We comment on phenomenological applications.

Speaker: Prof. Gunnar Bali (Universität Regensburg)

159_M3Vs_Gunnar_Bali

lattice.pdf

40 The flux tube profile in full QCD

We measure the spatial distribution of all components of the color fields surrounding a static quark–antiquark pair in QCD with (2+1) HISQ flavors.
We isolate the nonperturbative component of the longitudinal chromoelectric
color field responsible for the linear term in the confining potential.

Speaker: Leonardo Cosmai (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)

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Lattice2021-LeonardoCosmai.pdf

41 Manifestations of Confinement/Deconfinement in 4D compact QED on the lattice.

It has long been known that there is a phase transition between confined and unconfined phases of compact pure gauge QED on the lattice. In this work we report three manifestations of this phase change as seen in the Landau gauge photon propagator, the static potential, and distribution of Dirac Strings in the gauge fixed configurations. Each of these was calculated with large lattices with volumes: $32^4$, $48^4$ and $96^4$. We will show that the confined phase manifests with a Yukawa type propagator with a dynamically generated mass gap, a linearly increasing potential, and a significant concentration of Dirac strings while the unconfined phase appears consistent with the continuum results, a free propagator, a near constant long-distance potential, and a small concentration of Dirac strings trending towards 0. Furthermore, the photon propagator is investigated near the transition between the two phases.

Speaker: Lee Loveridge (LACCD)

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Loveridge Confinement 2021.pdf

42 The torelon spectrum and the world-sheet axion

We present a major update on the spectrum of the closed flux-tube in $D=3+1$ $SU(N)$ gauge theories. Namely, we calculate the excitation spectrum of a confining flux-tube which winds around a spatial torus as a function of its length $l$, for short as well as long tubes. We do so for $N=3,5,6$ and two different values of the lattice spacing. Our states are characterised by the quantum numbers of spin $J$, transverse parity $P_{\perp}$, longitudinal parity $P_{\parallel}$ as well as by the longitudinal momentum $p_{\parallel}$. Our extended basis of operators used in combination with the generalized eigenvalue method enables us to extract masses for all irreducible representations characterised by $\{ J,P_{\perp},P_{\parallel} \}$.
We confirm that most of the low-lying states are well described by the spectrum of the Goddard–Goldstone–Rebbi–Thorn string. In addition we provide strong evidence, that in addition to string like states, massive modes exist on the bulk. More precisely the ground state with quantum numbers $J^{P_{\perp}, P_{\parallel}}=0^{--}$ exhibits a behaviour which is in agreement with the interpretation of being an axion on the wordsheet of the flux-tube. This state arises from a topological interaction term included in the effective world-sheet action. In addition we observe that the second excited state with $J^{P_{\perp}, P_{\parallel}}=0^{++}$ behaves as a massive mode with mass twice that of the axion.

Speaker: Andreas Athenodorou (Univesrity of Pisa)

144_M3Vs_Andreas_Athenodorou

Andreas_Athenodorou_Lattice.pdf

43 Phases at finite winding number of an Abelian lattice gauge theory

Pure gauge theories are rather different from theories with pure scalar and fermionic matter, especially in terms of the nature of excitations. For example, in scalar and fermionic theories, one can create ultra-local excitations. For a gauge theory, such excitations need to be closed loops that do not violate gauge invariance. In this talk, we present a study on the condensation phenomenon associated with the stringy excitations of an Abelian lattice gauge theory. These phenomena are studied through numerical simulations of a U(1) quantum link model in 2+1 dimensions in a ladder geometry using matrix product states. We will give a numerical demonstration of the presence of the string excitations in the ground states.

Speaker: Paolo Stornati (DESY)

306_M3Vs_Paolo_Stornati

LATTICE_2021_final.pdf

44 Confinement from Interacting SU(3) Instanton-dyons

Confinement remains one the most interesting and challenging nonperturbative phenomenon in non-Abelian gauge theories. Recent semiclassical (for $SU(2)$) and lattice (for QCD) studies have suggested that confinement arises from interactions of statistical ensembles of instanton-dyons with the Polyakov loop. In this talk, I will present recent work which has extended the study of semiclassical ensemble of dyons to the $SU(3)$ Yang-Mills theory. It will be shown that such interactions do generate the expected first-order deconfinement phase transition. The properties of the ensemble, including the dyon correlations and densities, and the topological susceptibility, are studied over a range of temperatures above and below $T_c$​. Additionally, the dyon ensemble is studied in the Yang-Mills theory containing an extra trace-deformation term. It will be shown that such a term causes the theory to remain confined even at high temperatures.

Speaker: Dallas DeMartini

17_M3Vs_Dallas_DeMartini

lattice2021presentation.pdf

45 On the behaviour of the interquark potential in the vicinity of the deconfinement transition.

We show that in the vicinity of the deconfinement transition the behaviour of the interquark potential in pure lattice gauge theories can be precisely predicted combining results from Conformal Field Theory, Effective String Theory and Integrable Models. We compare these predictions with simulations of the SU(2) gauge model both in (2+1) and in (3+1) dimensions.

Speaker: Michele Caselle (Torino University)

106_M3Vs_Michele_Caselle

Lattice21.pdf

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Tutorial: Grid Python Toolkit

Convener: Christoph Lehner (University of Regensburg & Brookhaven National Laboratory)

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Convener: Arata Yamamoto

46 Toward Simulations of Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics on Quantum Computers

The gauge-invariant formulations of lattice field theories provide a way to study real-time dynamics using a smaller effective Hilbert space. This allows for more information to be encoded for the same quantum resources as a non-gauge invariant forumlation which will be important for simulations on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. While qubit-based hardware is currently the most widely available, it does not naturally reflect the Hilbert spaces of complicated quantum field theories. Qudits (n-state objects) provide a more natural description of the Hilbert spaces. The purely bosonic nature of Compact Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics (csQED) provides a nice test-bed for qudit based digitizations and truncations of continuous symmetries. We will discuss the methods of digitizing csQED for qudit-based quantum computers, the robustness to different types of noise balanced with accuracy of field truncations.

Speaker: Erik Gustafson (University of Iowa)

44_M4Al_Erik_Gustafson

AbelianHiggsGustafsonLattice2021.pdf

47 3+1D Topological $\theta$-Term in the Hamiltonian Formulation of Lattice Gauge Theories for Quantum and Classical Simulations

Quantum technologies offer the prospect to efficiently simulate sign-problem afflicted phenomena, such as topological terms, chemical potentials, and out-of-equilibrium dynamics. In this work, we derive the 3+1D topological $\theta$-term for Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories in the Hamiltonian formulation, paving the way towards Hamiltonian-based simulations of such terms on quantum and classical computers. We further study numerically a 3+1D U(1) lattice gauge theory with the $\theta$-term via exact diagonalization. Our results suggest the occurrence of a phase transition at constant values of $\theta$, as indicated by an avoided level-crossing and abrupt changes in the plaquette expectation value, the electric energy density, and the topological charge density.

Speaker: Angus Kan (University of Waterloo)

166_M4Al_Angus_Kan

lattice_symposium_talk_26_07_2021.pdf

48 Fuzzy sphere regularization of the 1+1 dimensional sigma model

In order to simulate quantum field theories using quantum computers, a regularization of the target space of the field theory must be obtained which admits a representation in terms of qubits. For the 1+1 dimensional nonlinear sigma model, there have been several proposals for how such a regularization may be achieved. The fuzzy sphere regularization proposes to represent the Hilbert space of the NLSM by a truncation of the noncommutative 2-sphere, a truncation which nonetheless preserves the continuous O(3) symmetry of the theory. In this talk, we discuss an attempt to demonstrate that this regularization reproduces the same physics as the O(3) sigma model using the machinery of matrix product states.

Speaker: Andrea Carosso (University of Colorado Boulder)

172_M4Al_Andrea_Carosso

Carosso_Lattice_Talk_2021.pdf

49 Hybrid analog-digital quantum simulations for quantum field theories

Quantum simulation has the promise of enabling access to Minkowski-time dynamical observables in quantum field theories. Progress in devising and benchmarking quantum-simulation proposals, in form of analog protocols or digital algorithms, is ongoing, and increasingly complex theories are being targeted towards the goal of simulating QCD. In this talk, I will introduce a hybrid analog-digital simulation scheme for studying bosonic field theories coupled to matter, such as the Yukawa theory and the 1+1 dimensional QED, by taking advantage of both bosonic degrees of freedom (phonons) and spin degrees of freedom (internal states of the ions) in a trapped-ion quantum simulator. It will be shown that significant improvement is anticipated in the simulation resource requirement, i.e., the number of qubits and entangling operations, when compared with the fully-digital algorithms, while the flexibility of a digital scheme in engineering a complex Hamiltonian is maintained. This motivates near-term implementations that can supersede both the fully digital and fully analog implementations of the same theories.

Speaker: Prof. Zohreh Davoudi (University of Maryland, College Park)

326_M4Al_Zohreh_Davoudi

QFTs-with-ions-ZD-v.1.0.pdf

50 Real-time Quantum Calculations of Phase Shifts On NISQ Hardware Platforms Using Wavepacket Time Delay

We introduce a new method to calculate phase shifts on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) hardware platforms using a wave packet edge time delay. The method uses the early and intermediate stages of the collision because the standard method based on the asymptotic out-state behavior is unreachable using today’s NISQ platforms. The calculation was implemented on a 4-site transverse Ising model in one spatial dimension with and without a potential interaction. A time evolution operator describing the progression of the system was constructed and transmission and reflection coefficients were calculated based on the identified quantum Fourier transformed momentum states. The detailed analysis of the phase shift calculations on both IBM superconducting transmon and University of Maryland ion trap quantum computers shows the platform independence of the methodology. This successful implementation of this wave packet preparation and projection on momentum eigenstates can now be performed with actual quantum computing hardware platforms. This method provides a procedure for calculating phase shifts and opens the possibility of using noisy intermediate scale quantum devices to perform real-time quantum mechanics and quantum field theory scattering calculations.

Speaker: Patrick Dreher (NC State University)

417_M4Al_Patrick_Dreher

51 Quantum simulation of quantum mechanics with a theta-term for a 't Hooft anomaly

Dimensionally reducing gauge theories like QED or Yang-Mills theory on small spatial tori often yields simple quantum mechanical models that retain some of the interesting structure of the parent gauge theory. 2D electrodynamics with massive charge-N matter, for example, leads to the quantum mechanics of a particle on a circle with a Z_N potential and a theta-term. This model, despite being simple to solve, exhibits the ’t Hooft anomaly or global inconsistency of the parent theory, and related phenomena of spontaneous symmetry breaking and instanton-anti-instanton interference. We propose a scheme for realizing the real-time quantum simulation of this model on a synthetic dimension. Similar phenomena in more complicated theories are of great interest and may be studied by quantum simulators in the future.

Speaker: Jiayu Shen (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

481 M4Al Jiayu Shen

lattice2021_shen_jiayu_indico.pdf

52 Accessing scattering amplitudes using quantum computers

Future quantum computers may serve as a tool to access non-perturbative real-time correlation functions. In this talk, we discuss the prospects of using these to study Compton scattering for arbitrary kinematics. In particular, the need to restrict the size of the spacetime in quantum computers prohibits a naive determination of such amplitudes. However, we present a practical solution to this challenge that may allow for future determinations of deeply virtual Compton scattering amplitudes, as well as many other reactions that are presently outside the scope of standard lattice QCD calculations.

Speaker: Juan Guerrero (Hampton University/Jefferson Lab)

546_M4Al_Juan_Guerrero

Lattice_Conference_2021_Juan_Guerrero.pdf

53 Quantum algorithm for simulation of an SU(2) lattice gauge theory with fermions

We present a complete and scalable quantum algorithm for the simulation of SU(2) gauge bosons coupled to fermionic matter in one spatial dimension. To represent the gauge fields, we find it is more practical to start from their Schwinger boson formulation, rather than the more conventional Kogut-Susskind rigid rotor formulation. Within this framework, and taking Trotter-Suzuki decomposition as the time evolution scheme, we then construct explicit circuits for the simulation of the three types of terms found in the Hamiltonian: electric energy, fermion mass energy, and the gauge-matter interaction. We comment on the similarities and differences relative to simulating the U(1) analogue of this theory, the Schwinger model, which is discussed in another talk by A.F. Shaw.

Speaker: Jesse Stryker (University of Maryland)

stryker_lattice_2021-07-26_available-by-request.pdf

Hadron Structure

54 The lower moments of nucleon structure functions in lattice QCD with physical quark masses

We will present the current status of nucleon structure studies with physical light quarks ($m_\pi$ = 135 MeV) in a large spatial extent of about 10 fm. Our calculations are carried out with the PACS10 gauge configurations generated by the PACS Collaboration with the stout-smeared O(a) improved Wilson fermions and Iwasaki gauge action at $\beta$=1.82 corresponding to the lattice spacing of 0.084 fm. In this talk, we mainly focus on the lower moments of nucleon structure functions that are known as quark momentum and helicity fractions respectively, which are regarded as bench marks on lattice calculations of parton distribution functions.In addition, we will present the preliminary results with another PACS10 ensemble generated at finer lattice spacing.

Speaker: Ryutaro Tsuji

152_M4St_Ryutaro_Tsuji

lattice2021_tsuji.pdf

55 Compton amplitude and the nucleon structure functions via the Feynman-Hellmann theorem

We highlight QCDSF/UKQCD Collaboration's recent developments on computing the Compton amplitude directly via an implementation of the second-order Feynman-Hellmann theorem. As an application, we compute the nucleon Compton tensor across a range of photon momenta at an unphysical quark mass. This enables us to study the $Q^2$ dependence of the low moments of the nucleon structure functions in a lattice calculation for the first time. We present some selected results for the moments of the $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_L$ structure functions and discuss their implications.

Speaker: Dr Kadir Utku Can (The University of Adelaide)

190_M4St_Kadir_Utku_Can

utkucan_lattice21.pdf

56 Nucleon Form Factors from the Feynman-Hellmann Method in Lattice QCD

Lattice QCD calculations of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors are of interest at the high and low momentum transfer regions. For high momentum transfers especially there are open questions, such as the zero crossing in the proton's electric form factor, which require more calculations. We will present recent progress from the QCDSF/UKQCD/CSSM collaboration on the calculations of these form factors using the Feynman-Hellmann method in lattice QCD. This method provides an efficient method allowing us to reach high momentum transfers. In this talk we present results of the form factors up to 9 GeV$^{2}$, using N$_{f}$=2+1 flavour fermions for three different pion masses in the range 310-470 MeV. The results are extrapolated to the physical point through the use of a flavour breaking expansion at two different values of the lattice spacing, allowing for a study of discretisation effects.

Speaker: Mischa Batelaan (The University of Adelaide)

359_M4St_Mischa_Batelaan

Lattice21_Mischa_Batelaan.pdf

57 Generalised Parton Distributions from Feynman-Hellmann Techniques in Lattice QCD

We report on the use of Feynman-Hellmann techniques to calculate the off-forward Compton amplitude (OFCA) in lattice QCD. At leading-twist, the Euclidean OFCA is parameterised by moments of generalised parton distributions (GPDs). Hence this calculation provides the opportunity to determine GPD-related quantities from first principles.

Speaker: Mr Alec Hannaford-Gunn (The University of Adelaide)

185_M4St_Alec_Hannaford-Gunn

Lattice2021_talk.pdf

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Convener: Alexei Bazavov (Michigan State University)

58 Lee-Yang singularities, series expansions and the critical point

Determining the existence and the location of the QCD critical point remains a major open problem, both theoretically and experimentally. In this talk, I present a new way of reconstructing the equation of state in the vicinity of the nearest singularity (the Lee-Yang edge singularity in the crossover region) from a truncated Taylor series expansion for small $\mu$. This is done by using a combination of Pad\'e resummation and conformal/uniformization maps. Then, I show that this information can be used to (i) determine the location of the critical point and (ii) constrain the non-universal mapping parameters between the Ising and QCD equations of state.
I explicitly demonstrate these ideas in the 2d Gross-Neveu model whose phase diagram shares the key aspects of the conjectured QCD phase diagram including the existence of a critical point.

Speaker: Prof. Gokce Basar (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)

447_M4Th_Gokce_Basar

lee-yang short lattice 21.pdf

59 Chromo-electric screening length in 2+1 flavor QCD

Chromo-electric screening at high temperature is encoded in the large distance behavior of Polyakov loop correlators. In SU(N) gauge theory (quenched QCD) the large distance behavior of the Polyakov loop correlators has been studied and the corresponding chromo-electric screening length has been determined. In QCD with light dynamical quarks this turned out to be very difficult because of the large Monte-Carlo noise. We study the long distance behavior of the correlator of the real and imaginary part of the Polyakov loop in 2+1 flavor QCD with nearly physical quark masses using HISQ action and lattices with temporal extent $N_t=6,~8,~10$ and $12$. To reduce the noise we apply several levels of HYP smearing to the Polyakov loops and determine the corresponding chromo-electric screening masses. We compare our results to the weak coupling calculations at high temperatures.

Speaker: Peter Petreczky (BNL)

324 M4Th Peter Petreczky

lat21.pdf

60 Static potential at non-zero temperature from fine lattices

We report on the preliminary studies of static quark anti-quark potential at non-zero temperature in 2+1 flavor QCD using 96^3x32 lattices with lattice spacing a=0.03fm, physical strange quark mass and light quark masses corresponding to pion mass of about 300 MeV. The static potential is obtained from Wilson line correlator in Coulomb gauge with additional HYP smearing to reduce the noise at large quark anti-quark separations. We apply 0, 5 and 10 steps of HYP smearing to ensure that there is no physical effect from oversmearing. We obtain the complex static potential at non-zero temperature by assuming a single peak plus continuum form of the spectral function. Furthermore, the continuum part of the spectral function is constrained by the T=0 calculations at the same lattice spacing. The peak position gives the real part of the potential, while the width of the peak gives the imaginary part.

Speaker: Daniel Hoying (UConn/BNL)

515 M4Th Daniel Hoying

hotqcd_hoying_lat21.pdf

hotqcd_hoying_lat21_v3.pdf

61 Bottomonia screening masses in 2+1 flavor QCD

The sequential melting of the bottomonia states is one of the important signals for the existence of a Quark Gluon Plasma. The study of bottomonia spectral functions on the lattice is a difficult task for many reasons. Calculations based on NRQCD, that are commonly used for such purpose, are not applicable at high temperatures. In this work we propose a new method to study this problem by calculating the spatial screening masses of bottomonia states. We calculate the spatial meson correlators and extract the screening masses for mesons in different quantum channels using highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action for bottom quarks and dynamical 2+1 flavor QCD HISQ gauge configurations. The typical lattice we choose are of size $N_s^3\times N_\tau$ where $N_s=4 N_\tau$ and $N_\tau=8,10, 12$. We consider the temperature range $T=300$-$1100$ MeV. We show that for $T>500$ MeV the temperature dependence of the screening masses of the ground state bottomonia are compatible with the expectations based on uncorrelated quark-antiquark pairs.

Speaker: Sayantan Sharma

476 M4Th Sayantan Sharma

ssharma_lat21.pdf

62 Critical endpoints in (2+1)- and 4-flavor QCD with Wilson-Clover fermions

We report our study on critical endpoints of finite temperature phase transitions in (2+1)- and 4-flavor QCD with Wilson-Clover fermions. As an extension of our previous calculations on coarser lattices, we performed our simulations on lattices with temporal extents of 8 and 10 for 2+1 and 4 flavors, respectively, to carry out continuum extrapolations more precisely. For the calculation in (2+1)- flavor QCD, as a first step, we fixed $\beta$ and $\kappa_s$ values to 1.75 and 0.133000, respectively, and varied $\kappa_l$, where we found that the phase transition seems to be of first order. In 4 flavor QCD we tried to determine a location of the critical endpoint from calculations at various combinations of $\beta$ and $\kappa$ values with three different spatial volumes. The finite size scaling of chiral susceptibility under the assumption of three-dimensional Z(2) universality suggests that the critical endpoint exists around $\beta$ = 1.65.

Speaker: Dr Hiroshi Ohno (Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba)

384 M4Th Hiroshi Ohno

lattice2021_Ohno.pdf

63 Inhomogeneous phases in the chiral Gross-Neveu model on the lattice

Understanding of the QCD phase diagram is one of important topics in nuclear and hadron physics.
In particular, various possible phase structures are proposed from analyses of effective theories in low temperature and high density region. One of them is inhomogeneous chiral condensate which exhibits characteristic space structures. Since there is no general established method for determination of the structure of the chiral condensate, usually some solutions such as chiral spiral and kink solutions are assumed. On the other hand, the Monte Carlo method in lattice QCD does not work in the low temperature and high density region, because of existent of the notorious sing problem. However, the usual lattice calculation is applicable to the 1+1 Gross-Neveu (GN) model and chiral GN model that have similar property of QCD, since they do not have the sign problem at finite density. Recently the interesting phase structure of the inhomogeneous chiral condensate in the 1+1 dimensional GN model on the lattice has been presented [1].

Here we study the phase structure of the 1+1 dimensional chiral GN model, performing the lattice simulation. Advantage of using the Monte Carlo method is that one can investigate the general space structure of the sigma and pion condensates without any assumption of it. We will discuss the phase diagram of the chiral GN model with finite number of flavors, comparing that of the GN model with finite number of flavors.

[1] J. Lenz, L. Pannullo, M. Wagner et al., Phys. Rev. D 101, no.9, 094512 (2020).

Speaker: Chiho Nonaka (Nagoya University)

2021_lattice_horie_nonaka.pdf

299 M4Th Chiho Nonaka

64 QCD viscosity by combining the gradient flow and sparse modeling methods

We give a new description to obtain the shear viscosity at finite temperature.
Firstly, we obtain the correlation function of the renormalized energy-momentum tensor using the gradient flow method.
Secondly, we estimate the spectral function from the smeared correlation functions
using the sparse modeling method.
The combination of these two methods looks promising to determine the shear viscosity precisely.

Speaker: Etsuko Itou

46 M4Th Etsuko Itou

EtsukoItou.pdf

QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model

Convener: Maarten Golterman (San Francisco State University)

65 Lattice QCD calculation of the electroweak box diagrams for the kaon semileptonic decays

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the axial $\gamma$W-box diagrams relevant for the kaon semilep-leptonic decays. We utilize a recently proposed method, which connects the electroweak radiative corrections in Sirlin's representation to that in chiral perturbation theory. It allows us to use the axial $\gamma$W-box correction in the SU(3) limit to obtain the low energy constants for chiral perturbation theory. From first principles our results confirm the previously used low energy constants provided by the minimal resonance model with a significant reduction in uncertainties.

Speaker: Pengxiang Ma (Peking University)

Lattice QCD calculation of the electroweak box diagrams for the kaon semileptonic decays

66 $B \to D^{(*)}\ell\nu$ semileptonic decays in lattice QCD with domain-wall heavy quarks

We calculate the $B\to D^{(*)}\ell\nu$ form factors in 2+1 flavor
relativistic lattice QCD by employing the Moebius domain-wall action
for all quark flavors. Our simulations are carried out at lattice cut-offs
$a^{-1} \sim 2.5$, 3.6 and 4.5 GeV with varying bottom quark masses
up to 0.7 $a^{-1}$ to study heavy quark mass dependence and
discretization effects. We extrapolate the form factors
to the continuum limit and physical quark masses, and make a comparison
in the differential decay rate with experiment.

Speaker: Takashi Kaneko (KEK)

$B \to D^{(*)}\ell\nu$ semileptonic decays in lattice QCD with domain-wall heavy quarks

lat21_kaneko.pdf

67 Calculation of kaon semileptonic form factor with the PACS10 configurations

We present preliminary results for the kaon semileptonic form factors
using one of the PACS10 configuration sets, whose physical volume is
(10.2 fm)$^4$ at the physical point with the lattice spacing of 0.064 fm.
The configuration was generated using the Iwasaki gauge action and $N_f=2+1$
stout-smeared clover quark action. The value of |$V_{us}$| is determined
using the interpolated result of the form factors to the zero momentum
transfer. Our value of |$V_{us}$| is compared with a prediction of the standard
model from the unitarity triangle and recent lattice results.
We also show a preliminary result of |$V_{us}$| in the continuum limit
obtained from analysis using the preliminary result of 0.064 fm combined
with our previous result at the coarser lattice spacing of 0.085 fm.

Speaker: Takeshi Yamazaki

Calculation of kaon semileptonic form factor with the PACS10 configurations

yamazaki.pdf

68 Controlling unwanted exponentials in lattice calculations of radiative leptonic decays

Two important sources of systematic errors in lattice QCD calculations of radiative leptonic decays are unwanted exponentials in the sum over intermediate states and unwanted excited states created by the meson interpolating field. Performing the calculation using a 3d sequential propagator allows for better control over the systematic uncertainties from intermediate states, while using a 4d sequential propagator allows for better control over the systematic uncertainties from excited states. We calculate form factors using both methods and compare how reliably each controls these systematic errors. We also employ a hybrid approach involving global fits to data from both methods. I will present our results comparing these methods for both heavy and light mesons.

Speaker: Christopher Kane (University of Arizona)

Controlling unwanted exponentials in lattice calculations of radiative leptonic decays

Kane_Christopher_Lattice_2021.pdf

69 $K \to \pi\pi$ decay matrix elements at the physical point with periodic boundary conditions

We calculate $K \to \pi\pi$ matrix elements using periodic boundary conditions as an independent calculation from our previous calculation with G-parity boundary conditions. We present our preliminary results for physical masses on a $24^3, a^{-1}=1$ GeV, $2+1$-flavor Mobius DWF ensemble generated by the RBC and UKQCD collaborations and discuss the prospect for high-precision computation of $\epsilon'$ with periodic boundary conditions.

Speaker: Masaaki Tomii

$K \to \pi\pi$ decay matrix elements at the physical point with periodic boundary conditions

lat21_tomii.pdf

70 Towards determining the short-distance contribution to neutrinoless double-beta decay from lattice QCD.

Observation of neutrinoless double-beta $(0\nu\beta\beta)$ decay, a beyond the standard model process that violates lepton number conservation, would imply that neutrinos are Majorana fermions. In order to draw reliable conclusions from the current experimental limits and potential future discoveries, it is important to reduce the uncertainties in the theoretical predictions of its decay rate. A major contribution to these uncertainties comes from the effective field theories (EFT) matched ab initio nuclear many-body calculation of its nuclear matrix element. It was pointed out recently that the leading order EFT amplitude of the subprocess $nn\to pp(ee)$ in the simplest scenario of light neutrino exchange remains undetermined due to an unknown contribution from a newly identified short-range operator. Lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) is the only way to directly and reliably determine the associated low-energy constant. We provide here a formalism to obtain the physical $nn\to pp(ee)$ decay amplitude, and hence the missing contribution, from the LQCD calculation of the correlation function for this process. The complications arising from the Euclidean and finite-volume nature of the corresponding correlation functions are fully resolved, and the result of this work, therefore, can be readily employed in the ongoing LQCD studies of this process.

Speaker: Saurabh Kadam (University of Maryland College Park)

Saurabh Kadam 0vbb from LQCD.pdf

Towards determining the short-distance contribution to neutrinoless double-beta decay from lattice QCD.

71 Calculation of neutron electric dipole moment due to the QCD topological term, Weinberg three-gluon operator and the quark chromoelectric moment

We present results for the neutron electric dipole moment due to the to dimension 4 and dimension 6 gluonic CP violation, and the isovector quark chromoelectric dipole moment using clover valence quarks on HISQ dynamical ensembles. For the gluonic operators, we use the gradient flow scheme to obtain divergence-free continuum results. For the chromoelectric dipole moment operator, we use the unflowed local operator but discuss how the quadratically divergent mixing with the pseudoscalar operator can be controlled non-perturbatively. The connection to the continuum is done using horizontal matching at tadpole-improved tree-level and leading-log running.

Speaker: Dr Tanmoy Bhattacharya (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

Latt2021.pdf

72 Neutron Electric Dipole Moment with Enhanced Low Mode Statistics

We will present preliminary findings on improving the lattice calculation of the neutron electric dipole moment from the θ term in QCD. The neutron EDM is highly correlated with the lowest lying modes of the Dirac operator. We take advantage of this with a full volume sampling for the low mode part of the quark propagator in order to increase statistics. This augments the all-mode averaging technique using a large number of sources for each configuration. We use the method of measuring the energy shift of the two-point correlation function in a uniform background electric field. Initial results are for a $16^3 \times 32$ ensemble of domain-wall fermions at $m_{\pi}$ = 420 MeV.

Speaker: Michael Abramczyk (University of Connecticut)

Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics

Convener: Jun Nishimura (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK))

73 Search for Efficient Formulations of non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories for Hamiltonian Simulation

Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories provides the natural framework for the purpose of quantum simulation, an area of research that is growing with advances in quantum-computing algorithms and hardware. It is therefore important to identify the most accurate, while computationally economic, Hamiltonian formulation(s) of lattice gauge theories along with necessary truncation imposed on the Hilbert space of gauge bosons for any finite computing resources. We report a study toward addressing this question in the case of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories that require the imposition of non-Abelian Gauss's laws on the Hilbert space.

Speaker: Dr Indrakshi Raychowdhury (University of Maryland)

95 M4Td Indrakshi Raychowdhury

lattice2021.pdf

74 Introducing Fermionic Quantum Link Models

Quantum link models (QLMs) are extensions of Wilson-type lattice gauge theories, and show rich physics beyond the phenomena of conventional Wilson gauge theories. Here we explore the physics of U(1) symmetric QLMs, both using a more conventional quantum spin-1/2 representation, as well as a fermionic representation. In 2D, we show that both bosonic and fermionic QLMs have the same physics. We then explore the models in 3D and find different behavior for the two QLMs. For the bosons, we see evidence for a quantum phase transition from a broken phase to a quantum spin liquid, but for the fermions, we identify not one but two distinct phases in addition to the fermionic broken phase. We explore the symmetries of the ground state in the broken phase strong coupling limit, and explain the spectrum for both models. The phase transitions are confirmed through scaling of the gaps as well as the ground state fidelity susceptibilities.

Speaker: Debasish Banerjee (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics)

210 M4Td Debasish Banerjee

Lat21.pdf

75 A spin-charge flip symmetric fixed point in 2+1d with massless Dirac fermions

In the Hamiltonian formulation, free spin-1/2 massless Dirac fermions on a bipartite lattice have an $O(4)$ (spin-charge) symmetry. Lattice interaction terms usually break this symmetry down to some subgroups. For example, the Hubbard interaction at half-filling breaks the symmetry down to $SO(4)$ by breaking the spin-charge flip symmetry. In this work, we construct a lattice model with a new interaction $V$, which is similar to the Hubbard interaction, but preserves the spin-charge flip symmetry. Using perturbative calculations in the continuum, we compute the RG flow diagram with both $U$ and $V$ interactions and show the existence of a spin-charge flip symmetric fixed point that can be studied by tuning the coupling $V$ at $U=0$. In particular we show that this fixed point is different from the one reached by tuning the Hubbard coupling $U$. Monte Carlo calculations using the fermion bag idea can help us compute the critical exponents at the spin-charge flip symmetric fixed point.

Speaker: Hanqing Liu (Duke University)

325 M4Td Hanqing Liu

slides.pdf

76 Critical exponents at the spin-charge flip symmetric fixed point in 2+1d with massless Dirac fermions

In the Hamiltonian picture, free spin-1/2 Dirac fermions on a bipartite lattice have an O(4) (spin-charge) symmetry. Here we construct an interacting lattice model with an interaction V, which is similar to the Hubbard interaction but preserves the spin-charge flip symmetry. By tuning the coupling V, we show that we can study the phase transition between the massless fermion phase at small V and a massive fermion phase at large V. We construct a fermion bag algorithm to study this phase transition and find evidence for it to be second order. Perturbative calculations show that the universality class of the transition is different from the one studied earlier involving the Hubbard coupling U. Here we obtain some critical exponents using lattices up to L=48.

Speaker: Emilie Huffman (Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics)

317 M4Td Emilie Huffman

Lattice2021.pdf

77 Excitations of isolated static charges in the charge q=2 abelian Higgs model

I present lattice Monte Carlo evidence of localized quantum excitations of the fields surrounding static electric charges in the q=2 abelian Higgs model; such excitations would appear as excited states of isolated fermions. Since the q=2 abelian Higgs model is a relativistic version of the Landau-Ginzburg effective model of superconductivity, these results may have some application in a condensed matter context.

Speaker: Dr Kazue Matsuyama (San Francisco State University)

7 M4Td Kazue Matsuyama

lattice21kmshort.pdf

78 Large $N$ simulation of the twisted reduced matrix model with an adjoint Majorana fermion

To investigate the properties of the large $N$ limit of $\mathcal{N}=1$ SUSY Yang-Mills theory, we have started a feasibility study for a reduced matrix model with an adjoint Majorana fermion. The gauge action is based on the Wilson action and the adjoint-fermion is the Wilson-Dirac action on a reduced lattice with twisted gauge boundary condition. We employ the RHMC algorithm in which the absolute value of the Pfaffian is incorporated. The sign of the Pfaffian is involved with the re-weighting method and separately measured as an observable. In this talk, we show the configuration generation status towards the large $N$ limit and the behavior of the lowest/lower eigenvalue(s) of the Wilson-Dirac fermion operator.

Speaker: Ken-Ichi Ishikawa (Hiroshima University)

81 M4Td Ken-Ichi Ishikawa

Lattice2021_talk_ishikawa_20210727JST_v2.pdf

79 A new phase in the Lorentzian type IIB matrix model and the emergence of continuous space-time

The Lorentzian type IIB matrix model is a promising candidate for a non-perturbative formulation of superstring theory. In previous studies, Monte Carlo calculations provided interesting results indicating the spontaneous breaking of SO(9) to SO(3) and the emergence of (3+1)-dimensional space-time. However, an approximation was used to avoid the sign problem, which seemed to make the space-time structure singular. In this talk, we report our results obtained by using the complex Langevin method to overcome the sign problem instead of using this approximation. In particular, we discuss the emergence of continuous space-time in a new phase, which we discovered recently.

Speaker: Mitsuaki Hirasawa (KEK)

205 M4Td Mitsuaki Hirasawa

LATTICE2021_Hirasawa_v5_upload.pdf

80 Relationship between the Euclidean and Lorentzian versions of type IIB matrix model

The type IIB matrix model was proposed as a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory in 1996. We simulate this model by applying the complex Langevin method to overcome the sign problem. Here, we clarify the relationship between the Euclidean and Lorentzian versions of the type IIB matrix model in a new phase we discovered recently.

Speaker: Kohta Hatakeyama (KEK)

212 M4Td Kohta Hatakeyama

Lattice2021_Hatakeyama_v6.pdf

Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry

Convener: Waseem Kamleh (University of Adelaide)

81 Monopoles of the Dirac type and color confinement in QCD

When non-Abelian gauge fields in $SU(3)$ QCD have a line-singularity leading to non-commutability with respect to successive partial-derivative operations, the non-Abelian Bianchi identity is violated. The violation as an operator is shown to be equivalent to violation of the Abelian-like Bianchi identities. Then there appear eight Abelian-like conserved magnetic monopoles of the Dirac type in $SU(3)$ QCD. Using lattice Monte-Carlo simulations, perfect Abelian and monopole dominances are shown to exist without introducing additional smoothing techniques like partial gauge fixings when we define lattice Abelian-like monopoles following the DeGrand-Toussaint method adopted in the study of the Dirac monopole in lattice compact QED. As reported separately, the Abelian dual Meissner effect around a pair of static quark and antiquark is caused by the solenoidal Abelian monopole current.

Speaker: Tsuneo Suzuki (Osaka University)

Presen_LAT2021_7_27.pdf

Video

82 Investigating quark confinement from the viewpoint of lattice gauge scalar models

Lattice gauge scalar models allow analytical connection between confinement region and Higgs region for gauge invariant operators.
Combining the cluster expansion and the duality, we try to understand non-trivial contribution from scalar field in quark confinement mechanism.
In order to understand quark confinement further, moreover, we study double-winding Wilson loop averages in the analytical region on the phase diagram.

Speaker: Ryu Ikeda (Chiba University)

Investigating quark confinement from the viewpoint of lattice gauge scalar models.pdf

Video

83 Peeking into the theta vacuum of 4d Yang-Mills theory

We propose a subvolume method to study the $\theta$ dependence of the free
energy density of the four-dimensional SU($N$) Yang-Mills theory on the lattice.
As an attempt, the method is first applied to SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at
$T=1.2\,T_c$ to understand the systematics of the method. We then proceed to
the calculation of the vacuum energy density and obtain the $\theta$ dependence,
at least, to $\theta\sim\pi$. The numerical results combined with the theoretical
requirements provide the evidence for the spontaneous CP violation at $\theta = \pi$,
which is in accordance with the large $N$ prediction and in contrast to the CP$^1$
model in two dimensions.

Speaker: Norikazu Yamada (KEK)

2021.07.26-Lattice2021-yamada.pdf

Video

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure and Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Tuesday 27 July

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Conveners: Maxwell Hansen (The University of Edinburgh (GB)), Sinead Ryan (Trinity College Dublin)

84 Lattice Study of the Dibaryon System

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the energy eigenvalues of the dibaryon system using the gauge ensembles generated with the domain wall fermion action. Using the sparsening field method, multiple dibaryon interpolating operators are used to reduce the contamination from excited states. Some relevant results for the weak transition matrix elements of the dibaryon system are also shown.

Speaker: Zi-Yu Wang (Peking University)

329_T1Sp_Zi-Yu_Wang

Lattice2021slides.pdf

85 $\pi\pi$ scattering at large $N_c$

In this work we study the large $N_c$ scaling of pion-pion scattering lengths for $N_f=4$ degenerate quark flavours. We focus on the standard isospin-2 channel and the adjoint-antisymmmetric representation, which is unique for $N_f \geq 4$. We compare the results obtained for two regularisations (Wilson and Twisted-Mass) and three values of the lattice spacing, and observe significant discretisation effects in the AA channel. Finally, we compare our results to NLO SU(4) and NNLO U(4) Chiral Perturbation Theory and study the $N_c$ scaling of the relevant low-energy couplings.

Speaker: Jorge Baeza-Ballesteros (Universitat de València)

$\pi\pi$ scattering at large $N_c$

Lattice2021_BaezaBallesteros.pdf

86 $K \pi$ scattering at physical pion mass using distillation

Finite-volume scattering at physical pion mass is still an exploratory field in lattice QCD. This generally involves the extraction of excited states through multi-particle correlators on systems with resonances. In that context, distillation has demonstrated to be effective both as a smearing kernel and a computational tool. Motivated by the study of the smearing profile of the distillation operator, we compare stochastic and exact distillation cases for different numbers of Laplacian eigenvectors using a RBC-UKQCD $N_f=2+1$ domain-wall fermion lattice with a physical pion mass.

Speaker: Nelson Lachini (University of Edinburgh)

$K \pi$ scattering at physical pion mass using distillation

kpidistil2021.pdf

87 $K\pi$ scattering length at physical quark masses using all-to-all methods

The scattering length is an important quantity that describes scattering at low energies. We will present our evaluation of the $K\pi$ scattering length in the isospin $I=\frac12$ and $I=\frac32$ channels. The computation uses the RBC-UKQCD 2+1-flavour ensembles with Domain Wall Fermions at near-physical quark masses. With the help of all-to-all methods, we construct the correlation functions, and we handle excited states and round-the-world effects to obtain a stable result.

Speaker: Nils Asmussen (University of Southampton)

$K\pi$ scattering length at physical quark masses using all-to-all methods

Nils_Asmussen.pdf

88 I=1 pi-pi scattering at the physical point and the long-distance behavior of the vector correlator

We present a finite volume spectroscopy calculation of I=1 pi-pi scattering utilizing the (stochastic) distillation framework on close to physical and physical point N_f = $2+1$ CLS ensembles. Using the finite volume energy levels, we discuss the long-distance behavior of the vector correlator, which is dominated by the two-pion channel. This part can be accurately constrained using the reconstructions, which has important consequences for lattice calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment.

Speaker: Srijit Paul (The Cyprus Institute)

I=1 pi-pi scattering at the physical point and the long-distance behavior of the vector correlator

srijit_Lat21.pdf

89 Scattering from generalised lattice $\phi^4$ theory

We numerically investigate different techniques to extract scattering amplitudes from a Euclidean Lattice $\phi^4$ theory with two fields having different masses. We present an exploratory study of a recently proposed method by Bruno and Hansen for extracting the scattering length from a four-point function (cf. arXiv:2012.11488) and a study of the two and three particle quantization condition.

Speaker: marco garofalo (University of Bonn)

lattice2021_Garofalo.pdf

Scattering from generalised lattice $\phi^4$ theory

90 Elastic π − N scattering in the I = 3/2 channel

We present a lattice QCD study of $\pi-N$ scattering in the iso-spin $I=3/2$ channel.
The calculation is performed using $N_f=2+1+1$ flavors of twisted mass fermions including an ensemble with
physical pion mass. We compute energy levels for all the moving frames with total momentum up to $\vec{P}=2\pi L(1,1,1)$,
and for all the relevant irreducible representation of the lattice symmetry groups.
We perform a phase-shift analysis including $S$ and $P$ wave phase shifts assuming a Breit-Wigner form of the resonance
in order to determine the parameters of the $\Delta$ resonance.

Speakers: Ferenc Pittler (The Cyprus Institute), Ferenc Pittler

Elastic π − N scattering in the I = 3/2 channel

pf_lattice.pdf

91 Variations on the Maiani-Testa approach and the inverse problem

In their seminal publication of 1990, Maiani and Testa showed that physical amplitudes away from threshold cannot be directly extracted (i.e. without analytically continuing or solving an inverse problem), from infinite-volume Euclidean correlators. As a result, in realistic lattice calculations, the limited knowledge of correlation functions on finite subsets of points allows only for the extraction of approximate smeared spectral densities (or else amplitudes via finite-volume energies). In this presentation we discuss the recent results obtained in arXiv:2012.11488, which extend the original work of Maiani and Testa and relate it to spectral reconstruction methods.

Speaker: Mattia Bruno (CERN)

lat21-bruno.pdf

Variations on the Maiani-Testa approach and the inverse problem

92 Quantization conditions in the finite volume within the plane wave basis expansion

The quantization of the energy levels of interacting two-particle system in a finite volume has been well considered in which the exponential suppressed finite volume effect was usually omitted. The partial waving mixing effect in the finite volume is also an obstacle to extracting the interacting information in the infinite volume. In this work, we propose a framework to calculate the energy levels of two-particle systems in the box with the plane wave basis expansion rather than the partial wave expansion. We can reduce the interacting matrices of operators into the irreducible representations of the corresponding point groups. We use a nonrelativistic toy model and a relativistic example, $\pi\pi$ scattering, to illustrate the framework for both static and moving systems. In this framework, the exponential suppressed effect and partial wave mixing effect are embedded naturally. Our results show that the exponential suppression effect and the partial wave mixing effect for NN interaction with typical range $1/m_\pi$ are important for the box with size L<5 fm. This framework could be used to obtain the two-body finite volume energy spectrum from the effective field theories, unitarization approaches and other theoretical models, which could be related to the lattice QCD raw data.

Speaker: Lu Meng

Lu_Meng_LQCD21.pdf

Quantization conditions in the finite volume within the plane wave basis expansion

93 Finite volume effects and meson scattering in the 2-flavour Schwinger model

We investigate the two-flavour Schwinger model in the canonical formulation with fixed fermion number. We use Wilson fermions on the lattice and present a formalism which describes the Dirac operator with dimensionally reduced canonical operators. These reduced operators allow the direct examination of arbitrary meson sectors and the determination of the energy spectrum in each of the sectors. Using Lüscher's finite-volume mass-shift formula we discuss the 1-meson mass as well as the effective 3-meson coupling. From the 2-meson energies we determine the scattering phase shifts and compare the 3-meson energies in the finite volume to predictions based on scattering theory and quantization conditions.

Speaker: Patrick Bühlmann (Universität Bern)

Finite volume effects and meson scattering in the 2-flavour Schwinger model

LATTICE_2021_BuehlmannP.pdf

94 From lattice QCD to predictions of scattering phase shift at the physical point

The Hadron Spectrum Collaboration (HSC) presented new results on
two of their ensembles for s-wave scattering phase shifts
in the open-charm sector of QCD. For such ensembles we have made
predictions that are based on the chiral Lagrangian that were published two years ago. In this talk
we confront our phase shifts with those of HSC. A remarkably
consistent picture emerges. In particular there is mounting
evidence for the existence of a flavour sextet state in the $\pi D$
and $\pi D^*$ channels, that show a striking quark-mass dependence.

Speaker: Xiao-Yu Guo (Beijing University of Technology)

Lattice_Guo.pdf

Hadron Structure

Convener: Sara Collins (University of Regensburg)

95 Lattice QCD calculation of the two-photon exchange contribution to the muonic-hydrogen Lamb shift

The measurement of muonic-hydrogen spectroscopy provides the most precise determination of the proton charge radius, where the two-photon exchange contribution plays an important role in the understanding of $\mu$H spectroscopy. We will report a lattice QCD calculation of the two-photon exchange contribution by constructing the proton four-point correlation function.

Speaker: Yang Fu

244_T1St_Yang_Fu

Yang-Lat2021.pdf

96 Nucleon isovector form factors from physical-mass 2+1-flavor domain-wall QCD

Nucleon isovector form factors calculated on 2+1-flavor domain-wall fermion (DWF) numerical lattice-QCD ensemble with phyaical up-, down- and strange-quark mass and lattice momentum cut off of about 1.730(4) GeV will be reported.

Speaker: Shigemi Ohta (KEK High Energy Accelerator Organization)

25_T1St_Shigemi_Ohta

OhtaLAT2021.pdf

97 Lattice QCD calculation of the proton electromagnetic polarizability

The electromagnetic polarizability is an important property of nucleon. It describes the response of a nucleon when it is placed in an external electric or magnetic field. The polarizability can be extracted from the real or virtual Compton scattering process $\gamma N \to \gamma N$. We develop a method to calculate the the Compton scattering matrix elements of nucleon from a 4-point correlation function on the lattice. Then we show that the electromagnetic polarizability can be extracted from the lattice data subsequently.

Speaker: Xuan-He Wang

357_T1St_Xuan-He_Wang

Lattice calculation of the proton electromagnetic polarizabilities.pdf

98 Leading order mesonic and baryonic SU(3) low energy constants from $N_f=3$ lattice QCD

In the analysis of (lattice) QCD observables very often chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) is heavily used to describe the quark mass dependence or relate different observables via symmetry relations. Within ChPT the low energy constants (LECs) play a crucial role and their precise knowledge is important in lattice QCD as well as in phenomenology. While there are many lattice determinations of the LECs in SU(2) ChPT, the SU(3) LECs are less well determined.
We will present our results for the leading order mesonic ($B_0$, $F_0$) and baryonic ($m_0$, $D$, $F$) SU(3) ChPT LECs from $N_f = 3$ flavour lattice QCD. In our study we employ a subset of the $N_f=2+1$ flavour Coordinated Lattice Simulations (CLS) gauge ensembles, denoted as the symmetric line which incorporates exact flavour symmetry, i.e., $m_\ell = m_s$. The ensembles cover a range of different pion masses as well as 6 different lattice spacings and different volumes. This allows us to perform a controlled extrapolation of all LECs to the chiral, infinite volume and continuum limit.

Speaker: Simon Weishäupl (Universität Regensburg)

30_T1St_Simon_Weishäupl

talk_lattice2021.pdf

99 Finite volume corrections to forward Compton scattering off the nucleon

The study of the Compton amplitude has gained attention in recent years. It plays a central role in the analysis of many fundamental problems such as, for example, the evaluation of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen, or the calculation of the proton-neutron mass difference. Hence, the calculation of this amplitude on the lattice would definitely contribute to the solution of the above problems. However, lattice results are always plagued by the finite-volume artifacts which may be sizable in some cases. In order to carry out a precise extraction of the Compton amplitude, these finite-volume corrections should be reliably estimated and removed from the lattice data.

Different approaches have been proposed so far for the extraction of the Compton amplitude on the lattice. In this talk, I shall discuss an approach based on the background field method. The calculations are done in Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory, up-to-and including $O(p^4)$, where $p$ is a small momentum/mass. Our study will be focused on the calculation of the so-called subtraction function, which is related to the Compton amplitude in a particular kinematics. In the beginning, the forward doubly virtual Compton scattering amplitude off nucleons will be evaluated, and the behavior of the subtraction function at small values of the photon momentum will be discussed. Furthermore, the full set of the finite-volume corrections to the subtraction function will be evaluated up-to-and-including $O(p^4)$. It will be shown that, despite the poorly known low-energy constants at this order, the finite-volume artifacts can be evaluated quite accurately and do not preclude one from an accurate measurement of the subtraction function on the lattice.

Speaker: Jonathan Lozano de la Parra (University of Bonn)

29_T1St_Jonathan_Lozano_de_la_Parra

presentation_1.pdf

100 Hadronic vacuum polarization from step scaling in the Schwinger model

We compute the quark-connected component of the hadronic vacuum polarization function at the energy scale of the Z boson mass in the Schwinger model. This is done by computing different representations of the Adler function on different energy scales. The mass parameters for the different scales are set with a step scaling scheme in which the lattice spacing and volume are adjusted to the given momentum. At each step the lattice spacing and volume are halved. We perform the continuum limit and investigate the finite volume behavior.

Speaker: Fabian Frech (Bergische Universität Wuppertal)

464_T1St_Fabian_Frech

Lattice_2021_Talk.pdf

101 Structure-Dependent Electromagnetic Finite-Size Effects

In this talk we present a relativistic and model-independent method to analytically derive electromagnetic finite-size effects beyond the point-like approximation. Structure-dependence appears in terms of physical form-factors and derivatives thereof. The values of these physical quantities can be taken either from experimental measurements or auxiliary lattice calculations. We apply our method to derive the leading structure-dependence in the meson mass, i.e. at order $1/L^3$, and compare to that obtained from non-relativistic effective field theory techniques. In addition, we determine the coefficient of the $1/L^2$-term in leptonic decays of pions and kaons. The knowledge of the latter allows for improved numerical control in extractions of the relevant CKM-matrix elements from lattice QCD+QED.

Speaker: Nils Hermansson Truedsson (Universität Bern)

54_T1St_Nils_Hermansson_Truedsson

NHTLattice21Final.pdf

102 Nucleon-pion-state contamination in lattice computations of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors

The nucleon-pion-state contribution to QCD two-point and three-point functions relevant for lattice calculations of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors are studied in chiral perturbation theory.
To leading order the results depend on a few experimentally known low-energy constants only, and the nucleon-pion-state contribution to the form factors can be estimated. The nucleon-pion-state contribution to the electric form factor $G_{\rm E}(Q^2)$ is at the +5 percent level for a source-sink separation of 2 fm, and it increases with increasing momentum transfer $Q^2$. For the magnetic form factor the nucleon-pion-state contribution leads to an underestimation of $G_{\rm M}(Q^2)$ by about 5 percent that decreases with increasing $Q^2$. For smaller source-sink separations that are accessible in present-day lattice simulations the impact is larger, although the ChPT results may not be applicable for such small time separations. Still, a comparison with lattice data at $t\approx 1.6$ fm works reasonably well.

Speaker: Dr Oliver Baer (Humboldt University Berlin, Germany)

70_T1St_Oliver_Baer

talk_lattice_2021.pdf

103 Isoscalar electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in $N_\mathrm{f} = 2 + 1$ lattice QCD

We present results for the isoscalar electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon computed on the CLS ensembles with $N_\mathrm{f} = 2 + 1$ flavors of $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved Wilson fermions and an $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved conserved vector current. In order to estimate the excited-state contamination, we investigate several source-sink separations and apply the summation method. For the computation of the quark-disconnected diagrams, a stochastic estimation using the one-end trick is employed. By these means, we obtain a clear signal for the form factors including the quark-disconnected contributions, which have a distinguishable effect on our data.

Speaker: Mr Miguel Salg (University of Mainz)

86_T1St_Miguel_Salg

presentation_salg.pdf

104 On the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon and chiral symmetry

We consider the chiral Lagrangian with nucleon, isobar, and pion degrees of freedom. The baryon masses and the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon are derived at the one-loop level. We explore the impact of using on-shell baryon masses in the loop expressions. As compared to results from conventional chiral perturbation theory we find significant differences. An application to QCD lattice data is presented. We perform a global fit to the available lattice data sets for the baryon masses and the nucleon axial-vector form factor, and determine the low-energy constants relevant at N$^3$LO for the baryon masses and at N$^2$LO for the form factor. Partial finite-volume effects are considered. We point out that the use of on-shell masses in the loops results in non-analytic behavior of the baryon masses and the form factor as function of the pion mass, which becomes prominent for larger lattice volumes than presently used.

Speaker: Matthias F M Lutz (GSI)

Lattice2021_PowerPoint.pdf

105 Nucleon form factors from $N_f$=2+1+1 twisted mass QCD at the physical point

We present the nucleon axial and electromagnetic form factors using $N_\textrm{f}=2+1+1$ twisted mass lattice QCD with clover improvement and with quarks with masses tuned to their physical values. Excited state effects are studied using several sink-source separations in the range 0.8 fm - 1.6 fm, exponentially increasing statistics with the separation such that statistical errors remain approximately constant. In addition, quark disconnected diagrams are included in order to extract the isovector and isoscalar axial form factors and the isospin symmetric proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors, as well as their strange-quark contributions. The radii and moments are extracted by modelling the $Q^2$ dependence, including using the so-called $z$-expansion method. A preliminary assessment of lattice cut-off effects is presented using two lattice spacings directly at the physical point.

Speaker: Giannis Koutsou (The Cyprus Institute)

401_T1St_Giannis_Koutsou

koutsou-lattice2021.pdf

106 Isovector Axial Vector Form Factors of the Nucleon from Lattice QCD with $N_f=2+1$ $\mathcal O(a)$-improved Wilson Fermions

We present the analysis of isovector axial vector nucleon form factors for a set of $N_f=2+1$ CLS ensembles with $\mathcal O(a)$-improved Wilson fermions and Lüscher-Weisz gauge action. The set of ensembles covers a pion mass range of $M_\pi=130-353\,$MeV with lattice spacings between $a=0.05-0.09\,$fm. In particular, the ensemble list includes a $96^{3}$ box ensemble at the physical pion mass. For the purpose of the form factor extraction, we employ both the summed operator insertion method (summation method) and explicit two-state fits in order to account for excited-state contributions to the nucleon correlation functions. As for the description of the $Q^{2}$-behavior of the form factors, we perform $z$-expansion fits. Finally, we present HBChPT-inspired chiral and continuum extrapolations of the data.

Speaker: Mr Tobias Schulz (Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Mainz)

406_T1St_Tobias_Schulz

Lattice2021_Schulz_Tobias.pdf

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Conveners: Claudia Ratti (University of Houston), Jana N. Guenther (Aix Marseille University)

107 A Fresh Look at the Chemical Potential on the lattice

Lattice techniques are the most reliable ones to investigate its phase diagram in the temperature-baryon density (chemical potential) plane. They are, however, well-known to be saddled with a variety of problems at nonzero density. I address here the old question of placing the baryonic (quark) chemical potential on the lattice and point out that important consequences for the current and future experimental searches of QCD critical point.

Speaker: Prof. Rajiv V Gavai (IISER, Bhopal)

12 T1Th Rajiv V Gavai

RVGavai2707.pdf

108 With complex Langevin towards the QCD phase diagram

We present an update on our efforts to determine the QCD phase diagram using complex Langevin simulations. In this study, we use two flavours of Wilson fermions with moderate pion masses ($\sim 450$ MeV). To improve the convergence of the simulations, we employ adaptive step size scaling and dynamic stabilisation. Here we report on our findings at higher temperatures and density. In addition, we also report on the eigenvalue spectrum for increasing chemical potential and smaller temperatures.

Speaker: Benjamin Jaeger (University of Southern Denmark)

Lattice2021_Jaeger.pdf

Video

109 New approach to lattice QCD at finite density: reweighting without an overlap problem

All methods currently used to study finite baryon density lattice QCD suffer from uncontrolled systematic uncertainties in addition to the well-known sign problem. We formulate and test a method - sign reweighting - that works directly at finite chemical potential and is yet free from any such uncontrolled systematics: with this approach the only problem is the sign problem itself. In practice the approach involves the generation of configurations with the positive fermionic weights $\left| \rm{Re} \rm{det} D(\mu) \right|$ where $D(\mu)$ is the Dirac matrix and the signs $\rm{sign} \left( \rm{Re} \rm{det} D(\mu) \right) = \pm 1$ are handled by a discrete reweighting. Hence there are only two sectors, $+1$ and $−1$ and as long as the average $\left< \pm 1 \right>  \neq 0$ (with respect to the positive weight) this discrete reweighting has no overlap problem - unlike other reweighting methods - and the results are reliable. We will also present results based on this algorithm on the phase diagram of lattice QCD with two different actions: as a first test, we apply the method to calculate the position of the critical endpoint with unimproved staggered fermions at $N_\tau=4$; as a second application, we study the phase diagram with 2stout improved staggered fermions at $N_\tau=6$. This second one is already a reasonably fine lattice - relevant for phenomenology.

Speaker: Attila Pasztor (Eötvös University)

redet.pdf

Video

110 Radius of convergence at finite chemical potential with rooted staggered fermions

In typical statistical mechanical systems the grand canonical partition function at finite volume is proportional to a polynomial of the fugacity $\exp(μ/T)$. The zero of this Lee-Yang polynomial closest to the origin determines the radius of convergence of the Taylor expansion of the pressure around $μ=0$. Rooted staggered fermions, with the usual definition of the rooted determinant, do not admit such a Lee-Yang polynomial. We show that the radius of convergence is then bounded by the spectral gap of the reduced matrix of the unrooted staggered operator. We suggest a new definition of the rooted staggered determinant at finite chemical potential that allows for a definition of a Lee-Yang polynomial. We perform a finite volume scaling study of the leading Lee-Yang zeros and estimate the radius of convergence extrapolated to infinite volume using stout improved staggered fermions on $N_t$=4 lattices. In the vicinity of the crossover temperature at zero chemical potential, the radius of convergence turns out to be at $μ_B/T$≈2 and roughly temperature independent.

Speaker: Sandor Katz (Eotvos University)

588 T1Th Sandor Katz

lat21.pdf

111 Effect of stout smearing on the phase diagram from multiparameter reweighting in lattice QCD

The phase diagram and the location of the critical endpoint of lattice QCD was determined earlier with unimproved staggered fermions on a Nt=4 lattice with the multiparameter reweighting method by studying Fisher zeros. In our recent work, as an extension of the old analysis we introduced stout smearing in the fermion action in order to reduce the finite lattice spacing effects. In this talk we will show that increasing the smearing parameter ρ the crossover at μ=0 gets weaker, i.e., the leading Fisher zero gets farther away from the real axis. Furthermore as the chemical potential is increased the overlap problem gets severe sooner than in the unimproved case, therefore shrinking the range of applicability of the method. Nevertheless, even after introducing the smearing certain qualitative features remain, which will be discussed in this talk.

Speaker: Kornél Kapás (Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)

kornelkapas_lattice21_3.pdf

Video

112 Taylor expansions and Padé approximations for Lefschetz thimbles and beyond

Deforming the domain of integration after complexification of the field variables is an intriguing idea to tackle the sign problem. In thimble regularization the domain of integration is deformed into an union of manifolds called Lefschetz thimbles. On each thimble the imaginary part of the action stays constant and the sign problem disappears. A long standing issue of this approach is how to determine the relative weight to assign to each thimble contribution in the (multi)-thimble decomposition. Yet this is an issue one has to face, as previous work has shown that different theories exist for which the contributions coming from thimbles other than the dominant one cannot be neglected. Historically, one of the first examples of such theories is the one-dimensional Thirring model.
Here we discuss how Taylor expansions can be used to by-pass the need for multi-thimble simulations. If multiple, disjoint regions can be found in the parameters space of the theory where only one thimble gives a relevant contribution, multiple Taylor expansions can be carried out in those regions to reach other regions by single thimble simulations. Better yet, these Taylor expansions can be bridged by Padé interpolants. Not only does this improve the convergence properties of the series, but it also gives access to information about the analytical structure of the observables. The true singularities of the observables can be recovered. We show that this program can be applied to the one-dimensional Thirring model and to a (simple) version of HDQCD. But the general idea behind our strategy can be helpful beyond thimble regularization itself, i.e. it could be valuable in studying the singularities of QCD in the complex $\hat{\mu}_B$ plane. Indeed this is a program that is currently being carried out by the Bielefeld-Parma collaboration.

Speaker: Kevin Zambello (University of Parma and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Parma)

568 T1Th Kevin Zambello

lattice2021-zambello.pdf

113 Lee-Yang edge singularities in lattice QCD : A systematic study of singularities in the complex 𝜇B plane using rational approximations.

A new approach is presented to explore the singularity structure of lattice QCD at imaginary chemical potential. Our method can be seen as a combination of the Taylor expansion and analytic continuation approaches. Its novelty lies in using rational (Padé) approximants for studying the analytic continuation. The motivation for using rational approximants will be exhibited. We will also try to provide some confidence in our approach based on numerical experiments performed on well-motivated "toy models". Our focus lies in identifying singularities of the net-baryon number density in the complex $\mu_B$ plane. To this end we have found signatures of the Roberge-Weiss critical point and Chiral singularities. In this talk we will discuss the setup, simulation parameters and results obtained for 2+1 QCD at different temperatures and imaginary chemical potential values.

Speaker: Ms Simran Singh (University of Parma, Italy)

573_T1Th_Simran_Singh

Lattice_2021.pdf

114 Lee-Yang edge singularities in 2+1 flavor QCD with imaginary chemical potential.

Lee-Yang edge singularities have been studied in various spin models to
investigate the analytic structure of the ferromagnetic transition. As
part of the Bielefeld Parma collaboration we investigate Lee-Yang
singularities in lattice QCD. Based on an analytic continuation of the
net-baryon number density, we present results of the location of the
closest singularities in the complex chemical potential plane, obtained
with (2+1)-flavor of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) on lattices
with temporal extent of $N_{\tau}=4, 6$. We show that their temperature
scaling is in accordance with the expected scaling of the Lee-Yang edge
singularities in the vicinity of the Roberge-Weiss transition. The
analysis can be used to determine various non-universal parameters that
map QCD in the scaling region of the RW transition to the Ising model.
We will further discuss how the Lee-Yang edge singularity can be used to
probe also the chiral phase transition in QCD. At temperatures close to
the chiral phase transition temperature $T_c$ we find again agreement
with the expected scaling of the Lee-Yang edge singularity, now
expressed in terms of scaling variables that are appropriate for the
chiral symmetry breaking. Finally, we discuss the scaling of the
Lee-Yang edge singularity in the vicinity of a possible critical end
point in QCD, at even lower temperatures. In the future, such a scaling
analysis might hint on the existence and location of the critical end point.

Speaker: Guido Nicotra (University of Bielefeld)

577 T1Th Guido Nicotra

Lattice2021_GuidoNicotra.pdf

115 Lattice QCD equation of state at finite chemical potential from an alternative expansion scheme

Taylor expansion of the equation of state of QCD suffers from shortcomings at chemical potentials $\mu_B>(2−2.5) T$. First, one faces difficulties inherent in performing such an expansion with a limited number of coefficients; second,higher order coefficients determined from lattice calculations suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio.
We present a novel scheme for extrapolating the equation of state of QCD to finite, real chemical potential that can extend its reach further than previous methods.
We show continuum extrapolated lattice results for the new expansion coefficients and for the thermodynamic observables up to $\mu_B/T \simeq 3.5$.

Speaker: Paolo Parotto (University of Wuppertal)

113 T1Th Paolo Parotto

Lattice2021_Parotto.pdf

116 Lattice QCD Equation of State for $\mu_B \ne 0$ by resumming the Taylor expansion

Taylor expansion in powers of baryon chemical potential ($\mu_B$) is an oft-used method in lattice QCD to compute QCD thermodynamics for $\mu_B\ne0$. We introduce a new way of resumming the contribution of the first $N$ Taylor coefficients to the lattice QCD equation of state to all orders in $\mu_B$. The method reproduces the truncated Taylor expansion when re-expanded in powers of $\mu_B$. We apply the proposed approach to high-statistics lattice QCD calculations using 2+1 flavors of Highly Improved Staggered Quarks with physical quark masses on $32^3\times8$ lattices and for temperatures $T\approx145-175$ MeV. We demonstrate that our resummed version leads to a markedly improved convergence compared to the standard Taylor series approach. We also demonstrate the connection between our approach and reweighting. Lastly, our method runs into the Sign Problem which allows us to determine the maximum value of $\mu_B$ beyond which this method breaks down. We connect this maximum value of $\mu_B$ to the zeros of the partition function in the complex-$\mu_B$ plane.

Speaker: Dr Prasad Hegde (Indian Institute of Science)

162 T1Th Prasad Hegde

lattice2021-hegde.pdf

117 Corrections to the hadron resonance gas from lattice QCD and their effect on fluctuation-ratios at finite density

The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is often believed to correctly describe the confined phase of QCD. This assumption is the basis of many phenomenological works on QCD thermodynamics and of the analysis of hadron yields in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We use first-principle lattice simulations to calculate corrections to the ideal HRG. Namely, we determine the sub-leading fugacity expansion coefficients of the grand canonical free energy, receiving contributions from processes like kaon-kaon or baryon-baryon scattering. We achieve this goal by performing a two dimensional scan on the imaginary baryon number chemical potential ($\mu_B$) - strangeness chemical potential ($\mu_S$) plane, where the fugacity expansion coefficients become Fourier coefficients. We carry out a continuum limit estimation of these coefficients by performing lattice simulations with temporal extents of $N_\tau = 8, 10, 12$ using the 4stout-improved staggered action. We then use the truncated fugacity expansion to extrapolate ratios of baryon number and strangeness fluctuations and correlations to finite chemical potentials. Evaluating the fugacity expansion along the crossover line, we reproduce the trend seen in the experimental data on net-proton fluctuations by the STAR collaboration.

Speaker: David Pesznyak (Eötvös Loránd University)

170 T1Th David Pesznyak

Pesznyak_Lattice2021.pdf

118 Continous temperature sampling in a single Monte-Carlo simulation

We present a novel method which enables a continuous temperature sampling in a single Monte-Carlo simulation.
The method can be generally used to compute continuous temperature dependence of any observable and we use it to evaluate the temperature dependence of QCD topological susceptibility at very high temperatures.
The various advantages and disadvantages of the method will be presented. Work based on Phys.Rev.D 104 (2021) 1, 014502.

Speaker: Parikshit Junnarkar (Helmholtz-Institute Mainz)

658 T1Th Parikshit Junnarkar

Junnarkar-Lattice-21.pdf

QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model

Conveners: Finn Stokes (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH), Vera Guelpers (University of Edinburgh)

119 Hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g-2 from the Mainz collaboration

The Fermilab experiment recently published their new measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, confirming the Brookhaven's measurement with a comparable precision. Combining those two results and using the theory estimate published by the "Muon $g-2$ theory initiative", a discrepancy of about 4 sigmas is observed between experiment and the theory prediction based on the Standard Model of particle physics. However, some lattice QCD calculations tend to produce larger values for the hadronic vacuum polarisation compared to the data-driven approach, bringing the SM prediction closer to the experimental measurement.
In this talk, we present an update of the leading hadronic vacuum polarization contribution from the Mainz group using $N_f=2+1$ O($a$)-improved Wilson quarks. We will focus on the isoscalar channel for the $g-2$ contribution and on the window quantities that can be used as benchmarks between different lattice calculations.

Speaker: Hartmut Wittig

Youtube Link

120 Consistency of lattice and R-ratio determinations of the HVP: Update from RBC/UKQCD

The Euclidean time windows defined in RBC/UKQCD 2018 provide a means to test the consistency of different lattice results as well as the consistency with the data-driven R-ratio results on a short timescale. This is of particular urgency due to an apparent emerging tension between data-driven results and some lattice results. I will present an update to the 2018 RBC/UKQCD result for Euclidean time windows for the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon g-2.

Speaker: Christoph Lehner (University of Regensburg & BNL)

talk-nobackup.pdf

Youtube Link

121 Window contributions to the muon hadronic vacuum polarization with twisted-mass fermions

We present a lattice calculation of the Euclidean position-space windows contributing to the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization term of the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_\mu$.
Short-, intermediate- and long-distance windows are considered in order to isolate different scales sensitive to specific integration ranges of experimental time-like data used in the R-ratio.
By adopting the same smooth window function introduced by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations with width parameter $\Delta = 0.15~\rm fm$, for the isospin-symmetric, light, quark-connected component we get $a_\mu^{\rm SD} (ud, \rm iso) = 48.21\,(80) \times 10^{-10}$ , $a_\mu^{\rm W} (ud, \rm iso) = 202.2\,(2.6) \times 10^{-10}$ and $a_\mu^{\rm LD} (ud, \rm iso) = 382.5\,(11.7) \times 10^{-10}$ in the short- (SD), intermediate- (W) and long-distance (LD) time regions, respectively, with $t_0 = 0.4~\rm fm$ and $t_1 = 1.0~\rm fm$.
Our results are obtained using the gauge configurations generated by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration with $N_f=2+1+1$ dynamical quarks, at three values of the lattice spacing varying from 0.089 to 0.062 fm, at several lattice volumes and with pion masses in the range $M_\pi \simeq 220 - 490~\rm MeV$.

Speaker: Davide Giusti (University of Regensburg)

gm2_LAT21_nb.pdf

Youtube Link

122 Multi-level computation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to $(g_\mu-2)$

The first results from the Fermilab E989 experiment have confirmed the long-standing tension between the experimental determination of the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_\mu=(g_\mu-2)/2$ and its SM determination using the dispersive approach. In order to match the expected final precision from E989, the current uncertainty on ab initio determinations using lattice QCD must be decreased by a factor 5-15, a goal which is hampered by the signal-to-noise ratio problem of the electromagnetic current correlator. Multi-level Monte Carlo integration with fermions is a method which reduces the variance of correlators exponentially in the distance of the fields. Here we demonstrate that the variance reduction in a realistic two-level simulation with a pion mass of 270 MeV, linear size of 3 fm and lattice spacing around 0.065 fm is sufficient to compute the tail of the current correlator with the statistical accuracy required for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to $a_\mu$. An efficient estimator is also employed for computing the disconnected contribution.

Speaker: Leonardo Giusti (Universita & INFN, Milano-Bicocca (IT))

lgiusti_Lat21.pdf

Youtube Link

123 Leading isospin breaking effects in the HVP contribution to $a_{\mu}$ and to the running of $\alpha$

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_{\mu}$ and the running of the electromagnetic coupling $\alpha$ play a fundamental role in beyond Standard Model (SM) physics searches. Non-perturbative hadronic contributions to both quantities, which are related to the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) function consisting of two electromagnetic currents, are a main source of uncertainty in the SM prediction. We compute the HVP function in lattice QCD+QED applying the time-momentum representation method. We expand the relevant correlation functions around the isosymmetric limit. In particular, we focus on leading isospin breaking effects taking connected contributions into account, which we evaluate on isosymmetric $N_{\mathrm{f}}=2+1$ QCD gauge ensembles generated by the CLS initiative with non-perturbatively $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermions.

Speaker: Andreas Risch (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

presentation.pdf

Youtube Link

124 QED and strong isospin corrections in the hardonic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

Recently, the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal collaboration has achieved a sub-percent precision in the evaluation of the HVP contribution to the muon g-2. At this level of precision, pure isospin-symmetric QCD is not sufficient. In the talk we will review how QED and strong isospin breaking effects have been included in our work. Isospin-breaking is implemented by expanding the relevant correlation functions to second order in electric charge and to first order in $(m_d-m_u)$. The correction terms are then computed using isospin-symmetric configurations. The choice of this approach allows us to better distribute the available computing resources among the various contributions.

Speaker: Letizia Parato (Aix Marseille Université)

lat2021_parato.pdf

Youtube Link

125 Pseudoscalar transition form factors and the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon g-2

Transition form factors of light pseudoscalar mesons ($\pi^0$, $\eta$ and $\eta^{\prime}$) play a crucial role in computing the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment.

We present first results toward the extraction of these form factors using lattice QCD with staggered fermions on $N_f=2+1+1$ gauge ensembles of the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal collaboration. The first part of the talk will focus on the spectroscopy of the three mesons. In the second, we will expound on our strategy to extract the form factors.

Speaker: Willem Verplanke (CPT Marseille)

VERPLANKE_LATTICE2021.pdf

Youtube Link

126 Pion Pole Contribution to HLbL from Twisted Mass Lattice QCD at the physical point

We report on our computation of the pion transition form factor $\mathcal{F}_{\pi \rightarrow \gamma^* \gamma^*}$ from twisted mass lattice QCD, to determine the numerically dominant light pseudoscalar pole contribution for the analysis of hadronic light-by-light scattering in the muon $g-2$. The pion transition form factor is computed directly at the physical point. We present first results for our estimate of the pion pole contribution to $a_\mu$ with kinematic setup of the pion at rest at a single lattice spacing.

Speaker: Sebastian Andreas Burri (Universität Bern)

burri_lattice21.pdf

Youtube Link

127 Hadronic light-by-light contribution to $(g-2)_\mu$ from lattice QCD: a complete calculation

The tension between theory and experiment for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($a_\mu$) is one of the long-standing puzzles of modern particle physics. After the update by the Fermilab E989 experiment in April 2021, the discrepancy between both sides lies at the 4.2-sigma level, as of the consensus made in the 2020 muon g-2 theory White Paper. The theory error is entirely dominated by the hadronic contributions, which can be calculated using lattice QCD. The order $\alpha_{\textrm{QED}}^3$ hadronic light-by-light (hlbl) contribution $a_\mu^{\textrm{hlbl}}$ admits a large relative uncertainty and represents a non-negligible source of uncertainty for the total error budget. In this talk, the Mainz approach and result for $a_\mu^{\textrm{hlbl}}$ computed with $N_f=2+1$ lattice ensembles [arXiv:2104.02632] will be presented. We obtain a value of $a_\mu^{\textrm{hlbl}}=106.8(14.7)\times 10^{-11}$ after a chiral, continuum and infinite-volume extrapolation. This result contains all five Wick-contraction topologies needed for a complete lattice determination of $a_\mu^{\textrm{hlbl}}$.

Speaker: En-Hung Chao (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz)

hlbl_chao.pdf

Youtube Link

128 Cutoff effects in short-distance quantities in lattice QCD

We propose a method to help control cutoff effects in the short-distance contribution to integrated correlation functions, such as the hadronic vacuum polarization, using the corresponding screening correlators computed at finite temperature. The strategy is investigated with Wilson fermions at leading order, which reveals a logarithmically-enhanced lattice artifact in the short-distance contribution, whose coefficient is determined at this order. We also perform a numerical study with $N_\mathrm{f}=2$ $\mathrm O(a)$-improved Wilson fermions and a temperature $T\approx 250~\mathrm{MeV}$, with lattice spacings down to $a=0.03~\mathrm{fm}$, which suggests good control can be achieved on the short distance contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization and the Adler function at large virtuality. Finally, we put forward a scheme to compute the complete hadronic vacuum polarization function at large virtualities using a step-scaling in the temperature.

Speaker: Tim Harris (University of Milan Bicocca)

harris_lattice_2021_pres.pdf

Youtube Link

129 Hadronic contributions to the running of electromagnetic and weak couplings

As present and future experiments in both the energy and precision frontiers look to identify new physics beyond the Standard Model, they require increasingly precise determinations of fundamental quantities like the electroweak couplings at various momenta. The latter can be obtained from experimental measurements or a particular reference value and the dependence on the energy. A precise, entirely theoretical determination of the running couplings is highly desirable, even more since the preliminary results of the E989 experiment in Fermilab were published, and non-perturbative techniques at small momentum are necessary.

In our talk, we present the latest results on these quantities of the Mainz group. We analyze a broad set of Coordinated Lattice Simulations ensembles with the time-momentum representation at various lattice spacings and pion masses. We perform an extrapolation to the physical point, we predict the running and compare it with other determinations, both from the lattice and phenomenology.

Speaker: Miguel Teseo San José Pérez (Johannes Gutenberg Universität)

lattice-2021.pdf

Youtube Link

130 HVP contribution to Running Coupling and Electroweak Precision Science

We investigate the impact of the latest Mainz/CLS collaboration's result for the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) on the electroweak (EW) precision tests. The subject is closely related to the muon g-2 via the HVP. Both precision tests come under scrutiny with respect to physics Beyond the Standard Model. Our HVP calculation is used for the running electromagnetic coupling at low energy and linked at various matching energies to the higher energy running evaluated by phenomenological approaches. We predict the electromagnetic coupling at the Z-pole (alpha(Mz)), providing a lattice-driven input to EW-global fits. Our evaluation of alpha(Mz) is stable for a wide range of matching energies and comes with various systematics taken into account. In light of our alpha(Mz) determination, we discuss a known tension in the EW-global fits.

Speaker: Kohtaroh Miura (Helmholtz-Institut Mainz)

kmiura_lat2021.pdf

Youtube Link

Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics

Conveners: Andrea Pelissetto (University of Rome "La Sapienza" and INFN), Antonio Rago (University of Plymouth (GB))

131 Study of a lattice 2-group gauge model

Gauge theories admit a generalisation in which the gauge group is replaced by a finer algebraic structure, known as a 2-group. The first model of this type is a Topological Quantum Field Theory introduced by Yetter. I would like to discuss a common generalisation of both the Yetter’s model and Yang-Mills theory. I will focus on the lattice formulation of such model for finite 2-groups. After describing the model I will mention its integrable limits and state some basic expectations about its dynamics.

Speaker: Błażej Ruba (Uniwersytet Jagielloński)

260 T1Td Błażej Ruba

Lattice_21___higher_gauge_theory_presentation.pdf

132 Study of a lattice 2-group gauge model

In this talk, I discuss a simple model based on the symmetry group $Z_2$ belonging to the class of 2-group gauge systems. Particular limits of such systems correspond to certain types of topological quantum field theories. In the selected model, independent degrees of freedom are associated to both links and faces of a four-dimensional lattice and are subject to a certain constraint. I present the details of this construction, discuss the expected dynamics in different regions of phase space and show numerical results from Monte Carlo simulations confirming these expectations.

Speakers: Piotr Korcyl (Jagiellonian University & University Regensburg), Piotr Korcyl (Jagiellonian University & University Regensburg)

101 T1Td Piotr Korcyl

PiotrKorcyl_Higher_Gauge_Lattice2021_talk.pdf

133 Critical behaviour in the single-flavor Planar Thirring Model

The Thirring model describes relativistic fermions with a contact interaction between conserved fermion currents. In 2+1 spacetime dimensions its U($2N$) global symmetry is broken at strong coupling to U($N)\otimes$U($N$) through generation of a non-vanishing bilinear condensate $\langle\bar\psi\psi\rangle\not=0$. I present results of numerical simulations of the single-flavour model using domain wall fermions, which preserve U(2) in the limit wall separation $L_s\to\infty$. The results confirm symmetry breaking takes place implying the critical flavour number $N_c\geq1$. I will also present results for the critical equation of state showing it is consistent with the existence of a quantum critical point with critical exponents distinct from those obtained with staggered fermions.

Speaker: Simon Hands

220_T1Td_Simon_Hands

mit.pdf

134 Criticality and related properties of a non-compact 2+1D Thirring Model

Modelling the behaviour of strongly interacting fermion sytems with correct symmetry properties presents significant challenges for lattice field theories. Investigating the suitability of domain wall fermions, we explore the locality and the Ginsparg-Wilson error of the Dirac operator in the context of a dynamical 2+1D non-compact Thirring model. We further investigate the eigenvalues of the Dirac operators and the Banks-Casher relation, as part of a broader search for criticality. Relations between twisted mass domain wall and overlap formulations are reviewed.

Speaker: Mr Jude Worthy (Swansea University)

368_T1Td_Jude_Worthy

Lat21.pdf

135 The Semimetal-Mott Insulator Quantum Phase Transition of the Hubbard Model

The Hubbard model is an important tool to understand the electrical properties of various materials. More specifically, on the honeycomb lattice it features a quantum phase transition from a semimetal to a Mott insulating state which falls into the Gross-Neveu universality class. In this talk I am going to explain how we confirmed said quantum phase transition by taking advantage of recent improvements in our Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm. These improvements allowed us to simulate unprecedentedly large lattices and extract critical quantities with very high precision.

Speaker: Johann Ostmeyer (University Bonn)

49_T1Td_Johann_Ostmeyer

talk.pdf

136 Universal Properties of the Vortex in the (2+1)-d O(2) Model through dualization

Quantizing topological excitations beyond a semiclassical approximation is a nontrivial issue. Examples of relevant topological excitations are vortices in (2+1) dimensions. They are the condensed matter analogs of monopoles in particle physics and arise in Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluids. These systems can be described by the (2+1)-d O(2) model, where vortices are present through nontrivial winding of the field. This model can be dualized into scalar QED and, in the broken phase, the vortex becomes an infraparticle that is surrounded by a cloud of photons spreading out to infinity. As Gauss's law forbids a single charged particle to be placed in a periodic volume, it equivalently forbids a single vortex to exist by itself. We circumvent this issue, without breaking translation invariance, by imposing C-periodic boundary conditions. By simulating the dual theory, scalar QED, we compute the universal finite-volume vortex mass and charge near the Wilson-Fisher fixed point.

Speaker: Joao Barros (Institute for Theoretical Physics - University of Bern)

608_T1Td_Joao_Barros

vortex_lattice2021.pdf

137 Scale-setting of volume-reduced twisted Eguchi-Kawai model with one adjoint Majorana fermion at large-$N$

$\mathcal{N}=1$ SUSY Yang-Mills theory is an appealing theoretical framework that has been studied in the literature using different methods, including standard lattice simulations. Among these, the volume-reduced twisted Eguchi-Kawai model, endowed with one adjoint Majorana fermion, could play an important role in studying its large-$N$ limit via the Curci-Veneziano prescription. In this talk, we present our results on the analysis of the scale of the theory, performed via different methods based on purely gluonic observables as well as (quenched) fundamental mesons in the chiral limit. These lattice results will be used as a scale setting for the analysis of the spectrum of the theory.

Speaker: Mr Pietro Butti (IFT UAM-CSIC)

114_T1Td_Pietro_Butti

lattice2021

138 The SU(N) running coupling in the twisted gradient flow scheme and volume independence.

We report on an ongoing study of the running coupling of SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory in the twisted gradient flow scheme (TGF). The study exploits the idea that twisted boundary conditions reduce finite volume effects, leading to an effective size in the twisted plane that combines the number of colours and the torus period. We test this hypothesis by computing the TGF running coupling and the SU(N) Lambda parameter on asymmetric lattices of size $(N L)^2 × L^2$ for various gauge groups. Finite volume effects are monitored by analyzing the coupling in different planes and by comparing results at different number of colours.

Speaker: Jorge Luis Dasilva Golán (Instituto de Física Teórica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.)

241_T1Td_Jorge_Luis_Dasilva_Golán

Lattice21.pdf

139 Exact gradient flow and saddle points in lattice fermion models

We describe new theoretical opportunities arising from the possibility to solve the gradient flow (GF) equations taking into account the fermion determinant exactly employing non-iterative solvers. Using this exact GF we can find real saddle points of the lattice action at zero chemical potential and trace their evolution in complex space at non-zero chemical potential. We show that these saddle points correspond to modified instantons, where the back reaction from the fermion determinant is taken into account already at the level of the Euclidean field equations. We demonstrate how this approach leads to the rigorous numerical procedure for the definition of the inter-instanton interactions and give examples of interaction profiles computed in this way.

We show two possible applications of this technique. First of all, the knowledge of the saddle points can help us to simplify the structure of the Lefschetz thimbles decomposition and to alleviate the sign problem. The second application is the systematic building of a statistical model of interacting instantons from first principles without need of any phenomenological input.

Speaker: Dr Maksim Ulybyshev

123_T1Td_Maksim_Ulybyshev

Lattice2021_ulybyshev.pdf

140 The gradient flow at higher orders in perturbation theory

We describe the systematic treatment of the gradient flow at higher orders in perturbation theory and its application within the small flow-time expansion. The results include the coefficients of the gradient-flow definition of the energy-momentum tensor, the quark and the gluon condensates, as well as the hadronic vacuum polarization at next-to-next-to-leading order in the strong coupling. Combined with suitable lattice calculations, these results allow for independent approaches to various phenomenological problems of low-energy QCD.

Speaker: Robert Valentin Harlander (Rheinisch Westfaelische Tech. Hoch. (DE))

103_T1Td_Robert_Valentin_Harlander

Lattice_2021_Harlander.pdf

141 Vector fields and RG flows in 4 dimensions

The 1-loop RG flows in the most general local, renormalizable, Euclidean, classically scale invariant and globally SU(N) invariant theory of vector fields is computed. The total number of dimensionless couplings is 7 and several asymptotically free RG flows are found which are not gauge theories but nonetheless perfectly well-defined Euclidean QFT's. The set of couplings is extended to 9 with the most general globally SU(N) invariant ghost couplings and Yang-Mills theory is shown to emerge on a particular RG flow. Several marginal gauge symmetry breaking deformations of Yang-Mills theory are also found.

Speaker: Daniel Nogradi

121_T1Td_Daniel_Nogradi

spin1.pdf

142 Stout-smearing and $c_{\text{SW}}$ at one loop order

The one-loop determination of the coefficient $c_{\text{SW}}$ of the Wilson quark
action has been useful, in conjunction with non-perturbative
determinations of $c_{\text{SW}}$, to push the leading cut-off effects for on-shell
quantities to $\mathcal{O}(\alpha^2 a)$, or eventually $\mathcal{O}(a^2)$, if no link-smearing is
employed. These days it is common practice to include some link-smearing
into the definition of the fermion action. Unfortunately, in this
situation only the tree-level value $c_{\text{SW}}^{(0)}=1$ is known, and
cut-off effects start at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha a)$. We present some general techniques
for calculating one loop quantities in lattice perturbation theory
which continue to be useful for smeared-link fermion actions.
Specifically, we discuss the application to the 1-loop improvement
coefficient $c_{\text{SW}}^{(1)}$ for stout-smeared Wilson fermions.

Speaker: Maximilian Ammer (University of Wuppertal)

242_T1Td_Maximilian_Ammer

Ammer_Lattice21.pdf

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Discussion/social: Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Plenary

Convener: Bipasha Chakraborty (University of Cambridge)

143 Direct CP violation and the ΔI=1/2 rule in K→ππ decay from the Standard Model

I will discuss the RBC & UKQCD collaboration's recent lattice calculation of $\epsilon'$, the measure of direct CP-violation in kaon decays. This result significantly improves on our previous 2015 calculation, with nearly 4x the statistics and more reliable systematic error estimates. I will also discuss how our results demonstrate the Standard Model origin of the $\Delta I=1/2$ rule, and will present our plans for future calculations.

Speakers: Christopher Kelly (Columbia University), Christopher Kelly (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

637_T2Pl_Christopher_Kelly

talk_v3-1.pdf

144 Semileptonic $b \to u$ decays and $|V_{ub}|$

The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $|V_{ub}|$ describes the coupling between $u$ and $b$ quarks in the weak interaction, and is one of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. $|V_{ub}|$ is the focus of a longstanding puzzle, as the world-average values derived from inclusive and exclusive $B$-meson decays show a tension of a few standard deviations.

Semileptonic decays can be used to extract CKM elements by combining a lattice QCD calculation of the form factors and the experimental branching fractions. This talk will focus on the recent lattice QCD results and the current status of $V_{ub}$.

Speaker: Jonna Koponen (Universität Mainz)

653_T2Pl_Jonna_Koponen

Lattice2021_Koponen.pdf

145 Effective Field Theories and Lattice QCD for the X Y Z frontier

Exotic states have been predicted before and after the advent of QCD.
In the last decades they have been observed at accelerator experiments in the sector with two heavy quarks, at or above the quarkonium strong decay threshold and called X Y Z states.
These states offer a unique possibility for investigating the dynamical properties of strongly correlated systems in QCD.
I will show how an alliance of nonrelativistic effective field theories and lattice can allow us to address these states in QCD. In particular I will explain what are the opportunities and challenges of lattice QCD in this respect and which new tools should be developed.

Speaker: Nora brambilla

644_T2Pl_Nora_brambilla

Brambillalattice.pdf

146 Lattice field theory and BSM phenomenology: The beginning of a beautiful friendship

This talk will offer an overview of the role of lattice field theory in strongly interacting BSM phenomenology.

Speaker: Giacomo Cacciapaglia

631_T2Pl_Giacomo_Cacciapaglia

Lattice21_Cacciapaglia.pdf

147 Recent work on tessellations of hyperbolic geometries

I discuss progress in simulating field theories on discrete hyperbolic spaces, with the goal of studying their physics in the bulk, and on the boundary. At tree-level, a free scalar field propagating in the bulk lattice is found to possess power-law two-point correlation functions on the boundary. The power-law behavior excellently matches the expected Klebanov-Witten formula despite being far away from the continuum, as well as matching the expected form due to the explicit breaking of conformal symmetry from the finite-volume boundary. When the field is dynamical---in the case of Ising spins---on a fixed hyperbolic lattice, the boundary physics is separated into two regimes depending on the bulk nearest-neighbor coupling. The conformal behavior of the free field---as well as the strong-coupling limit of the dynamical field---on the boundary can be seen explicitly to be a consequence of the hyperbolic geometry.

Speaker: Judah Unmuth-Yockey (Fermi National Laboratory)

425_T2Pl_Judah_Unmuth-Yockey

Discussion/social: In Gather

148 Public lecture: QCD: The Glory and The Power

Physics colloquium-level lecture on QCD, webcast publicly

Title: QCD: The Glory and The Power

Abstract: After a brief oration in praise of the ideal mathematical beauty of QCD and its imposing experimental success, I will describe several of its ongoing and future applications at the frontiers of knowledge. These are the frontier of precision (muon $g-2$), the frontier of high temperature and density (heavy ion collisions), the frontier of late stellar evolution (supernovae and neutron stars), and the frontier of theoretical adventure (axions and dark matter).

Speaker: Prof. Frank Wilczek (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

PublicLectureFlyer.pdf

Recording of livestream

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Convener: Xiao-Yong Jin (Argonne National Laboratory)

149 Smearing is a neural network

We develop a gauge covariant neural network for four dimensional non-abelian gauge theory, which realizes a map between rank-2 tensor valued vector fields. We also find the conventional smearing procedures for gauge fields can be regarded as this neural network with fixed parameters. We developed a formula to train the network as an extension of the delta rule, which is used in machine learning context. In addition, we perform simulation with self-learning hybrid Monte-Carlo (SLHMC) in 4 dimension for SU(N) with dynamical fermions as a demonstration of the network and the training formula. SLHMC, which is an exact algorithm, uses parametrized force in the molecular dynamics step, and we employed neural network parametrized action and we obtained consistent results with HMC. This talk is based on arXiv:2103.11965 and some additional materials.

Speaker: Akio Tomiya (RIKEN BNL Research Center)

lattice2021v4.pdf

Smearing is a neural network

150 Contour Deformations for Lattice Field Theory

Highly oscillatory path integrals are common in lattice field theory. They crop up as sign problems and as signal to noise problems and prevent Monte Carlo calculations of both lattice QCD at finite chemical potential and real-time dynamics. A general method for treating highly oscillatory path integrals has emerged in which the domain of integration of the path integral is deformed into a complexified field space. In this talk I will review this method, and I will discuss recent progress in machine learning manifolds for lattice QCD.

Speaker: Neill Warrington (University of Washington)

Contour Deformations for Lattice Field Theory

warrington-slides-v2.pdf

151 Observifolds: Taming the observable signal-to-noise problem via path integral contour deformations

Complex contour deformations of the path integral have previously been shown to mitigate extensive sign problems associated with non-zero chemical potential and real-time evolution in lattice field theories. This talk details recent extensions of this method to observables affected by signal-to-noise problems in theories with real actions. Contour deformations are shown to result in redefinitions of observables which do not affect their expectation value and do not modify the Monte Carlo sampling weights. The choice of contour does, however, affect the variance and can be optimized to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. Families of contour deformations are defined for SU(N) variables and optimized deformations are shown to give exponential improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio of Wilson loops in proof-of-principle applications to U(1) and SU(N) lattice gauge theories.

Speaker: Gurtej Kanwar (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Observifolds_Lattice2021_07_27_2021_Final.pdf

Observifolds: Taming the observable signal-to-noise problem via path integral contour deformations

152 From lattice QCD to heavy-flavor in-medium potential via deep learning

In this work, we obtained the finite temperature Bottomonium interaction potential from the first principle lattice-NRQCD calculation of Bottomonium mass and width [Phys.Lett.B 800, 135119 (2020)]. We find that the HTL complex potential is disfavored by the lattice result, which motives us to employ a model-independent parameterization --- the Deep Neural Network (DNN) --- to represent the Bottomonium potential, extract the potential allowed by the lattice data.

The DNN is a widely used deep-learning method and can be treated as a model-independent parameterization to approximate arbitrary functional relations. In this work, we employ the DNN to represent the temperature-dependent Bottomonium potential and extract both the real and imaginary parts, $V_R(T,r)$ and $V_I(T,r)$. We find that while $V_I(T,r)$ increase with both temperature and distance, the extracted value is significantly greater than the HTL prediction. Also, while the color-screening effect is observed in $V_R(T,r)$, the temperature dependence is qualitatively weaker than other model calculations. Combined with the lattice result, our study suggests a new picture of Bottomonium dissociation. High excitation of bound states, such as 2P and 3S states, are allowed to exist at a temperature as high as $\sim0.33~$GeV. Their suppression in the Quark-Gluon Plasma is caused by the temperature-dependent decay width. The latter can be as high as $\sim 0.6$~GeV, which corresponds to the lifetime $\sim0.3$~fm. Such a new dissociation picture can be tested in precise comparison with Bottomonium observables in heavy-ion collisions.

Speaker: Dr Shuzhe SHI (McGill University)

Complex_Potential_Shi.pdf

From lattice QCD to heavy-flavor in-medium potential via deep learning

153 Bayesian Model Averaging for Lattice Field Theory

Statistical modeling plays a key role in lattice field theory calculations. Examples including extracting masses from correlation functions or taking the chiral-continuum limit of a matrix element. We discuss the method of model averaging, a way to account for uncertainty due to model variations, from the perspective of Bayesian statistics. Statistical formulas are derived for model-averaged expectation values and for estimating the required model probability weights. In addition, we reframe the common problem of data subset selection (e.g. choice of minimum time separation for fitting a two-point correlation function) as a model selection problem and study model averaging as a universal alternative to hand tuning of fit ranges.

Speaker: Prof. Ethan Neil (University of Colorado Boulder)

Bayesian Model Averaging for Lattice Field Theory

lattice-21-model-avg.pdf

154 Real Time Dynamics At Large N

The lattice formulation of finite-temperature field theory is readily extended,
via the Schwinger-Keldysh contour, to accomodate the definition of real-time
observables. Unfortunately, this extension also induces a maximally severe sign
problem, obstructing the computation of, for example, the shear viscosity. In
the large-N limit of certain field theories, including $O(N)$-symmetric scalar
fields, observables can be computed via a saddle point expansion (closely
connected to the Lefschetz thimble programme for alleviating the fermion sign
problem). This expansion continues to work for real-time observables. In this
talk we present lattice calculations of real-time dynamics in scalar field
theory at large N, both near equilibrium (transport coefficients) and far from
equilibrium.

Speaker: Scott Lawrence (University of Colorado, Boulder)

Real Time Dynamics At Large N

155 Tensor renormalization group analysis for reduced staggered fermions

Reduced staggered fermions afford a very economical lattice fermion formulation yielding just two Dirac fermions in the continuum limit. They have also been used to construct models capable of symmetric mass generation. However, generically they suffer from sign problems. We discuss an application of the tensor renormalization group, a sign problem free method, to such models. We make a comparison between tensor renormalization group results and RHMC results in smaller volumes and show behaviors of physical observables in the thermodynamic and the continuum limits.

Speaker: Ryo Sakai (University of Iowa)

lattice2021_rsakai.pdf

156 Tensor network simulations at nonzero chemical potential and temperature

We present results of tensor network simulations of the three-dimensional O(2) model at nonzero chemical potential and temperature, which were computed using the higher order tensor renormalization group method. This also includes some enhancements to the method which take care of anisotropic tensors. Some special care was also taken to reduce the systematic error on the computation of the observables.

Speakers: Jacques Bloch, Jacques Bloch

Lattice2021.pdf

Tensor network simulations at nonzero chemical potential and temperature

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Convener: Hartmut Wittig (Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz (DE))

157 Scale setting and the light baryon spectrum on CLS ensembles

We present continuum limit results of the quark mass dependence of octet and decuplet baryon masses obtained from Lattice QCD simulations. This is part of our large-scale programme connected to CLS of simulating $N_f=2+1$ flavours of non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions where ensembles with large volumes together with a wide range of quark masses, including the physical point, are used. The six different lattice spacings reach from 0.1 fm down to below 0.04 fm. In this analysis we also determine the Wilson flow scale parameter $t_0$ from the masses of the $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ baryons.

Speaker: Wolfgang Soeldner (University of Regensburg)

209_T3Sp_Wolfgang_Soeldner

latt21.pdf

158 Towards robust constraints on nuclear effective field theory from lattice QCD

In this talk I will discuss several new results from the NPLQCD Collaboration that combine lattice QCD results on (hyper)nuclear systems at unphysical pion masses together with nuclear effective field theories. Two-baryon channels with strangeness $0$ to $-4$ are analized, with findings that point to interesting symmetries observed in hypernuclear forces as predicted in the limit of QCD with a large number of colors. Also, several matrix elements of light nuclei are studied. The tritium axial charge, related to the Gamow-Teller matrix element, and the longitudinal momentum fraction of ${}^3\text{He}$ that is carried by the isovector combination of $u$ and $d$ are extracted and extrapolated to the physical point. For this latter case, it can be seen how including lattice results to experimental determinations can have imminent potential to enable more precise determinations and to reveal the QCD origins of the EMC effect.

Speaker: Marc Illa (Universitat de Barcelona)

602_T3Sp_Marc_Illa

illa_lattice_21.pdf

159 Continuum limit of baryon-baryon scattering with SU(3) flavor symmetry

A calculation of baryon-baryon scattering via finite-volume spectroscopy using distillation will be reported. Ensembles with SU(3) flavor symmetry and a pion/kaon/eta mass of roughly 420 MeV, covering a wide range of lattice spacings, are employed. For the first time, we take the continuum limit, finding large discretization effects. In the singlet sector, we obtain a weakly bound H dibaryon.

Speaker: Dr Jeremy Green (CERN)

108_T3Sp_Jeremy_Green

slides.pdf

160 H-dibaryon away from the $SU(3)_f$ symmetric point

We present the current status of our ongoing efforts in search of the H-dibaryon on $N_f=2+1$ CLS ensembles away from the SU(3) flavor symmetric point. Utilizing the distillation framework (also known as LapH) in its exact and stochastic forms, we calculate two-point correlation matrices using large bases of bi-local two-baryon interpolators to reliably determine the low energy spectra. We report the low lying spectrum on several relevant lattice irreducible representations for multiple ensembles with different lattice spacing and physical volumes. The status of finite volume analysis to extract the scattering amplitudes will also be discussed.

Speaker: Padmanath Madanagopalan (Universität Mainz)

99_T3Sp_Padmanath_Madanagopalan

Lattice2021.pdf

161 50 ways to build a deuteron: a variational calculation of two-nucleon systems

Multi-baryon systems are challenging to study with lattice QCD in particular because of small gaps between the ground state and excited states for large lattice volumes. Variational methods have long been known to be useful for disentangling closely spaced energy levels but require approximations to all-to-all quark propagators that are computationally prohibitive to compute exactly. In this talk, I will discuss a new method for computing multi-nucleon correlation-function matrices using sparsened all-to-all quark propagators and results for a variational calculation of the two-nucleon spectrum at mpi ~ 800 MeV using a large interpolating operator set including local hexaquark operators, nonlocal two-nucleon operators with plane-wave wavefunctions, and exponentially localized two-nucleon operators.

Speaker: Michael Wagman

603_T3Sp_Michael_Wagman

Wagman_Lattice_21.pdf

162 Toward a resolution of the NN controversy

Lattice QCD calculations of two-nucleon interactions have been underway for about a decade, but still haven't reached the pion mass regime necessary for matching onto effective field theories and extrapolating to the physical point. Furthermore, results from different methods, including the use of the Luscher formalism with different types of operators, as well as the HALQCD potential method, do not agree even qualitatively at very heavy pion mass. In this talk I will discuss these issues and present steps toward an understanding of the various systematics at play.

Speaker: Amy Nicholson (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

607_T3Sp_Amy_Nicholson

163 Coulomb corrections to pi-pi scattering

The relationship between finite volume multi-hadron energy levels and matrix elements and two particle scattering phase shifts and decays is well known, but the inclusion of long range interactions such as QED is non-trivial. Inclusion of QED is an important systematic error correction to K->\pi\pi decays. In this talk, we present a method of including a truncated, finite-range Coulomb interaction in a finite-volume lattice QCD calculation. We show how the omission caused by the truncation can be restored by an infinite-volume analytic calculation so that the final result contains no power-law finite-volume errors beyond those usually present in Luscher’s finite-volume phase shift determination. This approach allows us to calculate the QED-corrected infinite-volume phase shift for \pi\pi scattering in Coulomb gauge, a necessary ingredient to K->\pi\pi, while neglecting the transverse radiation for now.

Speaker: Joseph Karpie (Columbia University in the City of New York)

315_T3Sp_Joseph_Karpie

Karpie_latt_2021.pdf

164 Validation of the Lüscher method on the lattice

L\"{u} scher method for two-particle scattering is a critical tool for
connecting finite-volume spectrum to infinite-volume scattering phaseshifts.
We numerically validate the quantization conditions up to partial waves l=4.
Various setups used in practice are considered: cubic or elongated lattices, rest or moving frames, unequal or equal masses, and integer or half-integer total angular momentum.

Speaker: Frank Lee (George Washington University)

109_T3Sp_Frank_Lee

Lattice2021_Frank_Lee_July2021.pdf

Hadron Structure

Convener: Michael Engelhardt

165 Variations to the z-Expansion of the Form Factor Describing the Decay of B Mesons

We studied the decay rate of the particle decay $B^0 \rightarrow D^- \ell^+ \nu_{\ell}$ using data collected from the Belle Collaboration. In order to analyze this decay rate, we used three parameterizations of the form factor which describes this process, the CLN (Caprini, Lellouch, and Neubert) parametrization, the BGL (Boyd, Grinstein, and Lebed) parametrization, and the BCL (Bourrely, Caprini, and Lellouch) parameterization. This form factor is a function of the hadronic recoil variable $w$ and each parameterization contains unique free parameters which are the interest of this project. One of the goals of this project was to fit these different parameterizations of the form factor to the Belle data in the lattice regime, considering the data points where $w <$ $\sim 1.3$, so that we can predict what the larger $w$ region should look like. We hope to in the future be able to use Monte Carlo simulations to extract values of the form factors, however these simulations are only able to reliably extract these values inside of the lattice regime. By fitting only the low $w$ values, we are able to get an idea of what the larger $w$ region should look like and how many data points are needed in the fit to accurately predict the larger $w$ region.

Speaker: Daniel Simons (University of Iowa)

Simons_Daniel_Lattice_Presentation_July_2021.pdf

Talk recording

166 Towards a Calculation of the Nucleon Axial Form factor with Highly Improved Staggered Quarks

In this talk, I will report our group's progress on calculating the nucleon axial form factor with the HISQ action for both valence and sea quarks. Nucleon matrix elements with staggered fermions require careful analysis of the staggered symmetry group. I will report a solution based on the generalized Wigner-Eckart theorem that enables us to extract physical observables from staggered observables. I will present published results for nucleon axial and vector charges and preliminary results on the form factors to demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology.

Speaker: Yin Lin (University of Chicago)

lat2021_mit_yinlin.pdf

Talk recording

167 Nucleon Axial Form Factor from Domain Wall on HISQ

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an upcoming neutrino oscillation experiment that is poised to answer key questions about the nature of the neutrino. Lattice QCD has the ability to make significant impact upon DUNE by computing the interaction of a nucleon to a weak current. Nucleon amplitudes involving the axial form factor are part of the primary signal measurement process for DUNE, and precise calculations from LQCD can significantly reduce the uncertainty for inputs into Monte Carlo generators. Recent calculations of the nucleon axial charge have demonstrated that sub-percent precision is possible on this vital quantity. In this talk, I will discuss preliminary results for the Callat collaboration's calculation of the axial form factor of the nucleon. These computations are performed with M\"obius domain wall valence quarks on HISQ sea quark ensembles generated by the MILC and Callat collaborations. The results use a variety of ensembles including several at physical pion mass.

Speaker: Aaron Meyer (University of California Berkeley)

meyer-lattice21.pdf

Talk recording

168 Nucleon Form Factors in the Continuum Limit from Clover-on-HISQ Formulation

The tension between the lattice calculation, the experimental data and the PCAC relation of the nucleon axial form factors - axial and (induced)-pseudoscalar - has been understood as a systematic resulting from missing multihadron (nucleon and pions) excited states in the analysis. These low-lying excited states are hard to resolve in the conventional analysis. Fits to the temporal component of axial current (A4), with a large excited-state contamination, demonstrate the need for the low-lying excited state, and the resulting axial form factor satisfy the PCAC relation. We will present a full reanalysis of the axial form factors that incorporates the low-energy states. Extensions of this data-driven approach successful for the axial form factor analysis is also applied to the electromagnetic form factors. Continuum results for the nucleon charges and electromagnetic form factors will also be presented. These lattice calculations are performed with Clover valence quarks on the MILC 2+1+1-flavor HISQ ensembles.

Speaker: Dr Yong-Chull Jang (Columbia University)

Lattice2021-Jang.pdf

169 Progress on the extraction of parton distributions from Ioffe time distributions

The light-cone definition of Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) does not allow for a direct ab initio determination employing methods of Lattice QCD simulations that naturally take place in Euclidean spacetime. In this presentation we focus on pseudo-PDFs where the starting point is the equal time hadronic matrix element with the quark and anti-quark fields separated by a finite distance. We focus on Ioffe-time distributions, which are functions of the Ioffe-time ν, and can be understood as the Fourier transforms of parton distribution functions with respect to the momentum fraction variable $x$. We present lattice results for the case of the nucleon addressing the physical point and continuum extrapolations. We also incorporate our lattice data in the NNPDF framework treating them on the same footing as experimental data and discuss in detail the different sources of systematics in the determination of the non-singlet PDFs.

Speaker: Savvas Zafeiropoulos (Aix Marseille Univ. & CNRS)

Lat21_SZafeiropoulos.pdf

Talk recording

170 PDF in PDFs from Lattice Formulation

Parton degrees of freedom (PDF) are classified in the Euclidean path-integral formulation of the hadronic tensor in QCD. They include the valence and connected sea partons, the connected sea antipartons, and the disconnected sea partons and antiprotons. These degrees of freedom are shown to be the same as those from the quasi-PDF, pseudo-PDF and lattice cross section approaches on the lattice.

It is advocated that the connected sea and the disconnected sea should be separated in the global analysis of the PDFs. This allows a direct comparison of moments of PDF with the individual lattice matrix elements for the u, d, and s partons in the connected and disconnected insertions respectively.

In view of the above classification in QCD, the separation of the connected and disconnected sea partons is accommodated with the CT18 parametrization of the global analysis of the parton distribution functions (PDFs). This is achieved with the help of the distinct small x behaviors of these two sea partons and the constraint from the lattice calculation of the ratio of the strange momentum fraction to that of the $\bar u$ or $\bar d$ in the disconnected insertion.

Speaker: Kehfei Liu

Talk recording

171 Flavor decomposition for the proton unpolarized, helicity and transversity parton distribution functions

We present an ab initio calculation of the individual up, down, and strange quark unpolarized, helicity, and transversity parton distribution functions for the proton. The calculation is performed within the twisted mass clover-improved fermion formulation of lattice QCD. We use a $N_f = 2 + 1 + 1$ gauge ensemble simulated with pion mass $M_\pi = 250$ MeV, $M_\pi L \approx 3.8$ and lattice spacing $a = 0.0938$ fm. Momentum smearing is employed in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, allowing for the computation of the matrix elements up to nucleon boost momentum $P_3 = 1.24$ GeV. The lattice matrix elements are non-perturbatively renormalized and the final results are presented in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme at a scale of 2 GeV.

Speaker: Floriano Manigrasso (University of Cyprus)

lattice2021_manigrasso_floriano.pdf

Talk recording

172 Towards determining polarized gluon distribution from lattice QCD

We present a calculation of lattice QCD non-local matrix elements that can be used to determine polarized gluon Ioffe-time distribution and the corresponding parton distribution function using QCD short distance factorization. We construct the nucleon interpolation fields using the distillation technique and flow the gauge fields using the gradient flow. Our calculation is performed on a $32^3 \times 64$ isotropic lattice with a pion mass of 358 MeV.

Speaker: Raza Sufian (William & Mary / Jefferson Lab)

Lattice_2021_RSS.pdf

Talk recording

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Convener: Victor Braguta (ITEP)

173 Quark Density in Lattice QC$_2$D at Imaginary and Real Chemical Potential

Two-color QCD (QC$_2$D) with two flavors of staggered fermions is studied at imaginary and real quark chemical potential $\mu_q$ and $T>T_c$. Various methods of analytic continuation of the quark number density from imaginary to real quark chemical potentials $\mu_q$ are considered on the basis of the numerical results for imaginary $\mu_q$. At $T < T_{RW} $ we find that the cluster expansion model provides rather good analytic continuation. Its relation to the canonical formalism is discussed. At $ T > T_{RW}$ we see that the analytic continuation to the real values of $\mu_q$ based on trigonometric functions works equally well with the conventional method based on the Taylor expansion in powers of $\mu_q$.

Speaker: Roman Rogalev (Institute for High Energy Physics of NRC Kurchatov Institute (R)

73_T3Th_Roman_Rogalev

rogalyov.pdf

174 Thermal QCD phase transition and its scaling window from Wilson twisted mass fermions

We investigate the thermal QCD phase transition and its scaling properties on the lattice.
The simulations are performed with N_f=2+1+1 Wilson twisted mass fermions at
pion masses from physical up to heavy quark regime. We introduce a new chiral order parameter,
which is free from linear mass contributions and turns out to be useful for
the study of scaling behaviour. Our results are compatible with O(4) universal scaling for the physical pion mass and the temperature range [120:300] MeV. Violations to scaling at larger masses and other possible scenarios, including mean field behaviour and Z(2) universality class are also discussed.
We provide an estimation for the critical temperature in the chiral limit T_0.

Speaker: Andrey Kotov

489_T3Th_Andrey_Kotov

lattice2021.pdf

175 The QCD Deconfinement Critical Point for $N_f=2$ Flavors of Staggered Fermions

Quenched QCD at zero baryonic chemical potential undergoes a
deconfinement phase transition at a critical temperature $T_c$, which is
related to the spontaneous breaking of the global center symmetry.
Including heavy but dynamical quarks breaks the center symmetry
explicitly and weakens the first order phase transition. For
decreasing quark masses the first order phase transition turns
into a smooth crossover at a critical $Z_2$ point. The critical quark
mass corresponding to this point has been examined with $N_f=2$ Wilson
fermions for several $N_\tau$ in a recent study within our group. For
comparison, we also localize the critical $Z_2$ point with $N_f=2$
staggered fermions on $N_\tau=8$ lattices. For this purpose we perform
Monte Carlo simulations for several quark mass values and various aspect
ratios in order to extrapolate to the thermodynamic limit. The critical
mass is obtained by fitting to a finite size scaling formula of the
kurtosis of the Polyakov loop. Our results indicate large cutoff
effects, requiring simulations on lattices with $N_\tau>8$.

Speaker: Reinhold Kaiser (Goethe University Frankfurt)

422_T3Th_Reinhold_Kaiser

presentation.pdf

176 Lattice QCD at imaginary chemical potential in the chiral limit.

We report on an onging study on the interplay between Roberge-Weiss(RW) and chiral transition in simulations of (2+1)-flavor QCD with an imaginary chemical potential. We established that the RW endpoint belongs to the Z(2) universality class when calculations are done with the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action in the Roberge-Weiss plane with physical quark masses. We also have explored a range of quark masses corresponding to pion mass values, $m_{\pi}\geq 40$ MeV and found that the transition is consistent with Z(2) universality class. We argue that observables, that were usually used to determine the chiral phase transition temperature, e.g. the chiral condensate and chiral susceptibility, are sensitive to the RW transition and are energy like observables for the Z(2) transition, contrary to the magnetic (oder parameter) like behavior at vanishing chemical potential. Moreover the calculations performed at $m_{\pi} \sim 40$ MeV also put an upper bound for a critical pion mass at zero chemical potential for a possible $1st$ order chiral phase transition. We furthermore determine the curvature of the pseudo-critical line close to the RW point and compare it with that at vanishing chemical potential.

Speaker: Jishnu Goswami (Bielefeld University)

411_T3Th_Jishnu_Goswami

Lattice_2021.pdf

177 The light Roberge-Weiss tricritical endpoint at imaginary isospin chemical potential

In this talk, we discuss results for the Roberge Weiss (RW) phase transition at nonzero imaginary baryon and isospin chemical potentials, in the plane of temperature and quark masses. Our study focuses on the light tricritical endpoint which has already been used as a starting point for extrapolations aiming at the chiral limit at vanishing chemical potentials. In particular, we are interested in determining how imaginary isospin chemical potential shifts the tricritical mass with respect to earlier studies at zero imaginary isospin chemical potential. A positive shift might allow one to perform the chiral extrapolations from larger quark mass values, therefore making them less computationally expensive. We also present results for the dynamics of Polyakov loop clusters across the RW phase transition.

Speaker: Christopher Winterowd (Goethe Universitaet)

454_T3Th_Christopher_Winterowd

178 QCD thermodynamics at nonzero isospin asymmetry

We study the thermodynamic properties of QCD at nonzero isospin chemical potential using improved staggered quarks at physical quark masses. In particular, we will discuss the determination of the equation of state at zero and nonzero temperatures and show results towards the continuum limit. Based on the results for the isospin density $n_I$, the phase diagram in the $(n_I,T)$-plane will also be discussed.

Speaker: Bastian Brandt (University of Bielefeld)

276_T3Th_Bastian_Brandt

talk.pdf

179 Searching for the BCS phase at nonzero isospin asymmetry

According to perturbation theory predictions, QCD matter in the zero-temperature, high-density limits of QCD at nonzero isospin chemical potential is expected to be in a superfluid Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) phase of $u$ and $\bar{d}$ Cooper pairs. It is also expected, on symmetry grounds, that such phase connects via an analytical crossover to the phase with Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of charged pions at $\mu_I\ge m_\pi/2$.
With lattice results, showing some indications that the deconfinement crossover also smoothly penetrates the BEC phase, the conjecture was made that the former connects continuously to the BEC-BCS crossover.
We compute the spectrum of the Dirac operator, and use generalized Banks-Casher relations, to test this conjecture and identify signatures of the superfluid BCS phase.

Speaker: Francesca Cuteri (Goethe Universität)

399_T3Th_Francesca_Cuteri

cuteri.pdf

180 Thermal QCD with external imaginary electric fields on the lattice

We study QCD at finite temperature in the presence of imaginary electric fields. In particular, we determine the electric susceptibility, the leading coefficient in the expansion of the QCD pressure in the imaginary field. Unlike for magnetic fields, at nonzero temperature this coefficient requires a non-trivial separation of genuine electric field-related effects and spurious effects related to the chemical potential, which becomes an unphysical gauge parameter in this setting. Our results are based on lattice simulations with stout improved dynamical staggered quarks at several lattice spacings and volumes.

Speaker: Gergely Endrodi (University of Bielefeld)

541_T3Th_Gergely_Endrodi

endrodi_lat21.pdf

Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics

Convener: Simon Catterall (Syracuse University )

181 Coupling Yang--Mills with Causal Dynamical Triangulations

In this talk I examine the algorithmic problem of minimal coupling gauge fields of the Yang--Mills type to Quantum Gravity in the approach known as Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) as a step towards studying, ultimately, systems of gravity coupled with bosonic and fermionic matter. I first describe the algorithm for general dimensions and gauge groups and then focus on the results obtained from simulations of 2d CDT coupled to Yang--Mills fields with U(1) and SU(2) gauge groups, where we studied both observables related to gravity and gauge fields, and compared them with analogous simulations in the static flat case.

Speaker: Giuseppe Clemente (Radboud University, IMAPP)

202_T3Td_Giuseppe_Clemente

JHEP paper page

slides_Lattice21_Giuseppe_Clemente.pdf

182 Newtonian Binding from Lattice Quantum Gravity

Quantizing gravity is one big problem of theoretical physics and it's well-known that general relativity is not renormalizable perturbatively. Yet studies of quantum gravity on lattice have given evidence of the asymptotic safety scenario in which there is a strongly coupled UV fixed point. In this talk, I will talk about our study of the interaction of two scalar particles propagating on Euclidean dynamical triangulations working in the quenched approximation, which involves calculating the binding energy of a two-particle bound state. After taking the infinite-volume, continuum limit of the lattice calculation, our result is compatible with what is expected for the ground state energy by solving the Schrodinger equation for Newton's potential, providing further evidence for EDT as a theory of gravity in four dimensions. I will also show how we can determine the lattice spacing of EDT calculation for the first time.

Speaker: Mingwei Dai (Syracuse University)

572_T3Td_Mingwei_Dai

Lattice_2021_Mingwei.pdf

183 The de Sitter Instanton from Euclidean Dynamical Triangulations

After a brief introduction of Euclidean dynamical triangulations (EDT) as a lattice approach to quantum gravity, I will discuss the emergence of de Sitter space in EDT. Working within the semi-classical approximation, it is possible to relate the lattice parameters entering the simulations to the partition function of Euclidean quantum gravity. This allows to verify that the EDT geometries behave semi-classically, and by making contact with the Hawking-Moss instanton solution for the Euclidean partition function, I discuss how to extract a value of the renormalized Newton's constant from the simulations. This value is consistent with that of previous determination coming from the interaction of scalar particles. That the same universal constant appears in these two different sectors of the theory is a strong indication that EDT provides a viable formulation of quantum gravity.

Speaker: Marc Schiffer (Heidelberg University)

530_T3Td_Marc_Schiffer

deSitterInstanton.pdf

184 Towards the Low-Energy EFT of Euclidean Dynamical Triangulations

Recent work in Euclidean dynamical triangulations (EDT) has provided compelling evidence for its viability as a formulation of quantum gravity. In particular the lattice value of the renormalized Newton's constant has been obtained by two distinct methods (the binding energy of scalar particles on the lattice, and comparison with the Hawking-Moss instanton). That these calculations yield mutually compatible results is a nontrivial check which indicates that the low-energy effective action of EDT does include the expected Einstein-Hilbert term, and the lattice value of Newton's constant fixes the coefficient of this term in lattice units. To make further contact with the low-energy theory we turn to the two-point function of the scalar curvature, which can be calculated both on the lattice and in the effective theory and which depends straightforwardly on the parameters of the latter. To compare with the lattice predictions we must perform a nontrivial one-loop calculation in the effective theory, which I will discuss in this talk.

Speaker: Kenneth Ratliff (Syracuse University)

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kratliff_lattice2021.key

185 Real time dynamics of a semiclassical gravitational collapse of a scalar quantum field.

We present a new method to numerically investigate the gravitational collapse of a free, massless scalar quantum field in the semiclassical approximation from a spherically symmetric, coherent initial state. Numerical results are presented for a small ($r_s=3.5 l_p$) wave packet in the l=0 approximation. We observe evidence for the formation of a horizon and study various systematic effects such as finite volume, time and radial discretization, different waveforms and vacuum subtraction procedures. Within our approximation, we find that the onset of the horizon formation is accelerated by semiclassical effects. Prospects for including higher angular momentum states and observing Hawking radiation are discussed.

Speaker: Christian Hoelbling (Wuppertal University)

388_T3Td_Christian_Hoelbling

collapse.mov

hoelbling.pdf

186 Thermalization of gauge theories from their entanglement spectra

If and how gauge theories thermalize is an unanswered question. Partly, this is due to the inability of lattice gauge theory (LGT) simulations to simulate out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics on classical computers, but also due the difficulty of defining entanglement entropy in lattice gauge theories and finding schemes for its practical computation.

In this work, we study real-time thermalization dynamics of a $Z_2$ LGT in 2+1d using exact diagonalization. We develop a dual formulation for the reduced density operator, which allows us to compute the Entanglement Spectrum (ES) during the time evolution. We show that, in the regime where the system has topological order, it agrees with the low-energy effective Hamiltonian that describes the system in the presence of an open boundary. This finding is analogous to Li & Haldane's conjecture about the ES of fractional quantum Hall states, which we extend here to lattice gauge theories. Studying quench dynamics, we then extract the entanglement Hamiltonian of non-equilibrium states during time evolution using a variational scheme.

Our formulation can be generalized to more complicated Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories and may allow future quantum digital computers and analog quantum simulators to uncover the thermalization dynamics e.g. of Quantum Chromodynamics from first principles.

Speaker: Niklas Mueller (University of Maryland)

475_T3Td_Niklas_Mueller

Lattice_July2021_compact.pdf

Lattice_July2021.pdf

187 Spectral reconstruction of an inclusive rate in the two-dimensional O(3) model

We compute a real-time inclusive scattering processes from the spectral function of a Euclidean two-point correlation function in the two-dimensional O(3) model. The intractable inverse problem is overcome using a recently-proposed algorithm to compute the desired spectral function smeared with a variety of finite-width kernels. Systematic errors due to finite volume, continuum limit, and spectral reconstruction are demonstrably controlled, enabling a determination of the smeared spectral functions at energies exceeding the four-particle production threshold. These results are in agreement with the known exact spectral function smeared with the corresponding kernels. Finally, the unsmeared spectral function is computed by extrapolation of the numerical data to the zero-smearing-width limit. Everything discussed here is (in principle) applicable in QCD to determine similar inclusive rates such as the R-ratio.

Speaker: John Bulava (DESY-Zeuthen)

221_T3Td_John_Bulava

bulava_lat21.pdf

188 New universality classes of the non-Hermitian Dirac operator in QCD-like theories

In non-Hermitian random matrix theory there are three universality classes for local spectral correlations: the Ginibre class and the nonstandard classes AI$^\dagger$ and AII$^\dagger$. We show that the continuum Dirac operator in two-color QCD coupled to a chiral U(1) gauge field or an imaginary chiral chemical potential falls in class AI$^\dagger$ (AII$^\dagger$) for fermions in pseudoreal (real) representations of SU(2). We introduce the corresponding chiral random matrix theories and verify our predictions in lattice simulations with staggered fermions, for which the correspondence between representation and universality class is reversed. Specifically, we compute the complex eigenvalue spacing ratios introduced recently. We also derive novel spectral sum rules.

Speaker: Tilo Wettig (University of Regensburg)

21_T3Td_Tilo_Wettig

lat21.pdf

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Convener: Robert Edwards (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility)

189 Connecting Matrix Elements to Multi-Hadron Form-Factors

We discuss developments in calculating multi-hadron form-factors and transition processes via lattice QCD. Our primary tools are finite-volume scaling relations, which map spectra and matrix elements to the corresponding multi-hadron infinite-volume amplitudes. We focus on two hadron processes probed by an external current, and provide various checks on the finite-volume formalism in the limiting cases of perturbative interactions and systems forming a bound state. By studying model-independent properties of the infinite-volume amplitudes, we are able to rigorously define form-factors of resonances.

Speakers: Dr Andrew Jackura (Old Dominion University and Jefferson Lab), Andrew Jackura (Indiana University)

537_T4Sp_Andrew_Jackura

Jackura_Lattice_2021.pdf

190 I=0 and 2 pion-pion scattering phase shift with physical quark mass

We summarize the results of the recent work of calculating the $\pi\pi$ scattering phase shifts for both the s-wave I=0 and I=2 channels at 4 different energies around the kaon mass with physical quark mass and focus on three new topics presented in that work. (i) A determinant test that can be applied to multi-operator data at a single time separation to detect excited state contamination. (ii) A fitting strategy that exploits theoretical input to estimate the excited state error which improves upon the method used to estimate this error in our 2015 calculation. (iii) A method of presenting the combined error on a scattering phase shift determined from finite-volume studies, giving a phase shift error at fixed energy rather than errors on both the phase shift and the energy at which it is evaluated.

Speaker: Tianle Wang (Columbia University)

566_T4Sp_Tianle_Wang

Lattice2021_Tianle_Wang.pdf

191 Long-range processes with two-particle intermediate states

A variety of phenomena in the Standard Model and its extensions manifest in long-range processes involving on-shell multi-hadron intermediate states. Given recent algorithmic and conceptual progress, such processes are now realistic targets for lattice QCD. In this talk, I present a recently developed formalism that makes possible the determination of reactions of the form $1+\mathcal{J}\to2\to 1+\mathcal{J}$ from 2-, 3-, and 4-point functions in a finite-volume Euclidean spacetime. I also give an outlook for the study of more complicated reactions.

Speaker: Raul Briceno (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facillity)

625_T4Sp_Raul_Briceno

Lattice_2021.pdf

192 Investigating exotic heavy-light tetraquarks with 2+1 flavour lattice QCD

There are a number of tetraquark channels for which some phenomenological models -- already constrained by the ordinary meson and baryon spectrum -- predict deep binding. We present results from our lattice calculations of doubly-charmed and bottom-charm channels where such predictions exist. Finding no evidence of deep binding, we can rule out those models, although this does not preclude the possibility of shallow binding for those states. On the other hand, a consistent picture of deeply-bound, strong-interaction stable $I=0$, $J^P=1^+$ $ud\bar{b} \bar{b}$ and $I=1/2$, $J^P=1^+$ $\ell s \bar{b}\bar{b}$ (with $\ell=u/d$) tetraquarks has emerged from lattice studies over the last few years. We discuss the current status of our calculations in each channel, outlining improvements that place our results on a firmer quantitative footing. The resulting updated versions of our earlier results for the binding energies of the two doubly-bottom channels are also presented.

Speaker: Dr Brian Colquhoun (York University)

390_T4Sp_Brian_Colquhoun

colquhoun_lattice_2021.pdf

193 Excited $J^{--}$ meson resonances at the SU(3) flavor point from lattice QCD

We present the first calculation within lattice QCD of excited light meson resonances with $J^{PC} = 1^{--}$, $2^{--}$ and $3^{--}$. Working with an exact SU(3) flavor symmetry, for the singlet representation of pseudoscalar-vector scattering, we find two $1^{--}$ resonances, a lighter broad state and a heavier narrow state, a broad $2^{--}$ resonance decaying in both $P$-- and $F$--waves, and a narrow $3^{--}$ state. We present connections to experimental $\omega^\star_J, \phi^\star_J$ resonances decaying into $\pi \rho$, $K\bar{K}^*$, $\eta \omega$ and other final states.

based upon material appearing in
arXiv:2012.00518
C.T. Johnson, and J.J. Dudek
for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration

Speaker: Chris Johnson (William & Mary)

235_T4Sp_Chris_Johnson

lattice-2021-johnson.pdf

194 A new method for a lattice QCD calculation of ηc→2γ

The two-photon decay process ηc→2γ can provide an ideal testing ground for the understanding of nonperturbative nature of QCD. In this study, we propose a direct method to calculate the matrix element of a hadron decaying to two-photon. Various systematic effects are examined in this work. The method developed here can also be applied for other processes which involve the leptonic or radiative particles in the final states.

Speaker: Yu Meng (Peking Unversity)

321_T4Sp_Yu_Meng

YuMeng_LAT2021.pdf

195 Evidence of glueballs at physical point

WE perform an exploratory study of glueballs on a RBC/UKQCD gauge ensembles with a large
lattice size and with the $N_f = 2 + 1$ dynamical quark masses being tuned at the physical point. The
noises of glueball correlation functions are considerably reduced through the cluster-decomposition-
error-reduction scheme. The Bethe-Salpeter wave functions are obtained for the salar, the tensor
and the pseudoscalar glueballs by using the spatially extended glueball operators defined through
the gauge potential $A_\mu(x)$ in the Coulomb gauge. These wave functions show similar features of
non-relativistic two-gluon systems, which are used to optimize the signals of the related correlation
functions at the early time region, where the ground state masses in each channel can be extracted.
By the assumptions that the glueball operators defined in terms gauge potentials couple almost
exclusively to pure glueball states, the obtained masses are interpreted to be those of the ground
state pure gauge glueballs. For the most interesting scalar channel, the glueball mass is determined
to be 1.75(2) GeV, which is in good agreement with the QLQCD predictions and is close to the
mass of $f_0 (1710)$. Our result shows the existence of glueball states in the presence of dynamical
quarks, even though many systematic uncertainties have not yet be well tackled with.

Speaker: feiyu chen

394_T4Sp_feiyu_chen

main.pdf

196 An improvement of glueball mass calculations using gradient flow

Removing ultraviolet noise from the gauge fields is necessary for glueball spectroscopy in lattice QCD. It is known that the Yang-Mills gradient flow method is an alternative approach instead of smearing or fuzzing of the links in various aspects. In this talk, we study the application of the gradient flow technique to the construction of the extended glueball operators. We find that a simple application of the original gradient flow method has some problems in glueball mass calculations at large flow time. To avoid this problem, only the spatial links are evolved by the ``spatial gradient flow'', which is defined by the spatial gradient of the Wilson plaquette action. We examine the new gradient flow approach in calculations of glueball two-point functions and Wilson loops, and then discuss its efficiency in comparison with the original gradient flow method and traditional smearing methods.

Speaker: Keita Sakai (Tohoku University)

188_T4Sp_Keita_Sakai

Lattice2021_KeitaSakai.pdf

Hadron Structure

Convener: Shigemi Ohta (KEK High Energy Accelerator Organization)

197 Calculation of the Gluon PDF using Pseudo-PDF technique

We present our calculation of the unpolarized gluon parton distribution function (PDF) in the nucleon using the Pseudo-PDF technique on a $32^3 \times 64$ isotropic lattice with a pion mass of 358 MeV. The nucleon interpolating fields are reconstructed using distillation and we apply the sGEVP method to calculate the gluonic matrix elements. We smear the gauge fields using the gradient-flow to compute the flowed matrix elements and using the double ratio, we calculate the flowed reduced Ioffe-time distribution (rITD). We extrapolate the results to the flow-time independent rITD and calculate the light-cone ITD in the $\overline{MS}$ scheme, at the small z-separation limit, using an NLO matching formula. Finally, the gluon PDF is calculated from the light-cone ITD by applying the appropriate kernel form.

Speaker: Md Tanjib Atique Khan (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility)

465_T4St_Md_Tanjib_Atique_Khan

198 Gluon Parton Distribution of the Pion and Nucleon from Lattice QCD

We present the first determination of the $x$-dependent pion gluon distribution from lattice QCD using the pseudo-PDF approach, on lattice ensembles with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ), generated by MILC Collaboration. We use clover fermions for the valence action and momentum smearing to achieve pion boost momentum up to 2.29~GeV on two lattice spacings $a\approx 0.12$ and 0.15~fm and three pion masses $M_\pi\approx 220$, 310 and 690~MeV.
We compare our pion and preliminary nucleon gluon results with the determination by global fits.

Speaker: Zhouyou Fan

Fan_07_2021.pdf

Gluon Parton Distribution of the Pion and Nucleon from Lattice QCD

199 Unpolarized and polarized gluon pseudo-distributions at short distances: Forward case

We present the results that are necessary in the ongoing lattice calculations of the unpolarized and polarized gluon parton distribution functions (PDFs) within the pseudo-PDF approach. We give a classification of possible two-gluon correlator functions and identify those that contain the invariant amplitude determining the gluon PDF in the light-cone $z^2\to 0$ limit. One-loop calculations have been performed in the coordinate representation and in an explicitly gauge-invariant form. We made an effort to separate ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) sources of the $\ln \left(-z^2\right) $-dependence at short distances $z^2$. The UV terms cancel in the reduced Ioffe-time distribution (ITD), and we obtain the matching relation between the reduced ITD and the light-cone ITD. Using a kernel form, we get a direct connection between lattice data for the reduced ITD and the normalized gluon PDF.

Speaker: Wayne Morris (Old Dominion University)

LATTICE2021_MORRIS.pdf

Unpolarized and polarized gluon pseudo-distributions at short distances: Forward case

200 Strange and charm contributions to nucleon charges and moments

We present preliminary lattice calculations of strange and charm contributions to nucleon charges and moments. The scalar charge, axial charge, tensor charge, and unpolarized first moments are calculated on five clover-on-HISQ lattices covering three lattice spacings $a=\{0.06,0.09,0.12\}$~fm and three pion masses $M_\pi=\{310,220,130\}$~MeV. We renormalize the matrix elements with nonperturbative renormalization factors then apply chiral and continuum extrapolation to obtain results in the physical limit.

Speaker: Rui Zhang (Michigan state university)

2021_Rui_Lattice2021_Presentation.pdf

Strange and charm contributions to nucleon charges and moments

201 Gravitational form factors of the proton

Hadronic matrix elements of the QCD energy-momentum tensor can be parametrized in terms of gravitational form factors (GFFs) which, through their dependence on momentum transfer and decomposition into quark and glue contributions, encode information about the distributions of energy, angular momentum, pressure, and shear forces within a hadron spatially and amongst its constituents. We report on the progress of an ongoing program to determine the GFFs of the physical proton with full control over uncertainties and including both quark and glue contributions, providing first-principles predictions of the physical energy, spin, pressure, and shear densities. To this end, we present preliminary results of a calculation using Wilson fermions on an ensemble with a close-to-physical pion mass of 170 MeV.

Speaker: Daniel Hackett (MIT)

Gravitational form factors of the proton

hackett-talk.pdf

202 Gravitational Form Factors for Hadrons of Different Spins

The gravitational form factors (GFFs) of hadrons are the form factors of the energy momentum tensor of QCD, which quantifies how the energy, spin and mechanical properties are distributed within hadrons and how they split between the quark and gluon degrees of freedom. We use the Belifante-Rosenfeld prescription in a Lattice QCD calculation with pion mass $m_{\pi} = 450 \; \text{MeV}$ to measure the symmetric traceless gluon GFFs for hadrons of spin 0, 1/2, 1 and 3/2 (pion, nucleon, rho meson and delta baryon) for Mandelstam $t$ in the spacelike region of $0 \leq -t < 2 \; \text{GeV}^2$. By fitting the normalized GFFs using different functional forms, we extract partial gluonic contributions to the energy, pressure and shear force densities of the hadrons in the 3D and 2D Breit frames as well as in the infinite momentum frame. We also obtain estimates for their partial gluonic mass and mechanical radii.

Speaker: Dimitra Pefkou (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Gravitational Form Factors for Hadrons of Different Spins

Lattice2021.pdf

203 The contribution of QCD trace anomaly to hadron mass

We present the first Lattice QCD calculation of the quark and gluon trace anomaly contributions to the hadron masses, using the overlap fermion on the 2+1 flavor dynamical Domain wall quark ensemble. The result shows that the gluon trace anomaly contributes to most of the nucleon mass, and the contribution in the pion state is smaller than that in others.

Speaker: Fangcheng He (Institute of Theoretical Physics，Chinese Academy of Sciences)

TA-2021Lattice.pdf

The contribution of QCD trace anomaly to hadron mass

204 Comparison of the MOM and SMOM renormalization

The momentum subtraction scheme (MOM) and symmetric momentum subtraction scheme (SMOM) are two of the widely used intermedium schemes for the non-perturbative renormalization of the lattice bare vertices. In principle both the schemes should provide the same MS-bar results with their respective matching, while kinds of the systematic uncertainties can create certain tensions especially at finite lattice spacing. We will show our calculation with the overlap fermion at several quark masses and lattice spacings, to compare the advantage and disadvantage of both the schemes.

Speaker: Yi-Bo Yang (CAS)

2021.07.28.pdf

Comparison of the MOM and SMOM renormalization

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Convener: Kazuyuki Kanaya (University of Tsukuba)

205 Funny business from the large $N_c$ finite temperature crossover

It's well known that the deconfinement transition temperature for $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory is almost independent of $N_c$, and the transition is first order for $N_c \ge 3$. In the real world ($N_c=3$, light quarks) it is a crossover located far away from the pure gauge value. What happens if you keep the number of fermion flavors fixed ($N_f=2$) and vary the fermion mass and $N_c$? There are multiple plausible stories, only one of which appears to be true when the systems are simulated on the lattice. There might be consequences for other simple stories people tell about confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and the quark model.

Speaker: Thomas DeGrand (university of colorado)

122_T4Th_Thomas_DeGrand

text.pdf

206 Semiclassical ensembles of instanton-dyons describe the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions, in the usual and deformed QCD

Instanton-dyons are topological solutions of YM equations at finite temperatures.
Their semiclassical ensembles were studied by a number of methods, including
direct Monte-Carlo simulation, for SU(2) and SU(3) theories, with and without fermions.
We present these results and compare them with those from lattice studies. We also
consider two types of QCD deformations. One is by adding operators with powers of
the Polyakov line, affecting deconfinement. Another is changing quark periodicity condition, affecting the chiral transition. Another paper is using inverse direction,
from lattice configurations (with realistic quark masses) looking at zero and near-zero
Dirac modes. It turned out that those revealing the shape of the modes,
In excellent agreement with analytic instanton-dyon theory. Summarizing both we
conclude that QCD phase transitions are well described in terms of such semiclassical objects.

Speaker: Prof. Edward Shuryak (Stony Brook University)

13_T4Th_Edward_Shuryak

shuryak_lattice21.pdf

207 The sign problem, {\mathcal PT} symmetry, and exotic phases

The phase diagram of finite-density QCD is potentially quite complex. Like other lattice models with sign problems and generalized $\mathcal PT$ symmetry, equilibrium states of lattice QCD at finite density may be inhomogeneous, with commensurate and incommensurate patterned phases. The phase structures of such models are determined by a set of interwoven concepts: $\mathcal PT$ symmetry, Lee-Yang zeros, violation of spectral positivity, Lifshitz instabilities, NP-hard complexity, and lattice duality. $\mathcal PT$ symmetry combined with lattice duality leads to models with removable sign problems in broad universality classes with rich phase structures. These models can be simulated on the lattice by standard techniques and analytical methods may be applied as well. These ideas are illustrated using models from the $i\phi^3$, $Z(2)$, $Z(3)$ and $SU(N)$ universality classes.

Speaker: Michael Ogilvie (Washington University in St. Louis)

309_T4Th_Michael_Ogilvie

Lattice 2021 Ogilvie- Sign Problem.pdf

208 $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry and patterns in finite-density QCD

We study the phase structure of effective models of finite-density QCD using analytic and lattice simulation techniques developed for the study of non-Hermitian and $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric QFTs. Finite-density QCD is symmetric under the combined operation of the charge and complex conjugation operators $\mathcal{CK}$, which falls into the class of so-called generalized $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetries. We show that $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum field theories can support patterned ground-state field configurations in the vicinity of a critical endpoint. We apply our methods to a lattice heavy quark model at nonzero chemical potential that displays patterning behavior for a range of parameters. We derive a simple approximate criterion for the formation of these patterns, which can be used with lattice results.

Speaker: Stella Schindler (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

93_T4Th_Stella_Schindler

schindler-lattice-2021.pdf

209 Conjecture about the QCD Phase Diagram

We present a phase diagram study of the O(4) model as an effective
theory for 2-flavor QCD. Both theories perform spontaneous symmetry
breaking with isomorphic groups, which suggests that they
belong to the same universality class. Since we are interested
in high temperature, we further assume dimensional reduction
to the 3d O(4) model, which implies topological sectors.
As conjectured by Skyrme and others, this topological charge
represents the baryon number. Hence the baryon chemical
potential mu_B appears as an imaginary vacuum angle, which can
be included in the lattice simulation without any sign problem.
We present numerical results for the critical line in the chiral
limit, and for the cross-over in the presence of light quark masses.
The shapes of these lines are compatible with other predictions, but
up to about mu_B = 300 MeV we did not find a Critical Endpoint,
although there are indications that it could be near-by.

Speaker: Wolfgang Bietenholz (UNAM, Mexico)

130_T4Th_Wolfgang_Bietenholz

Lat21O4a.pdf

210 Single static-quark system above Tc investigated by energy-momentum tensor in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory

We investigate the distribution of energy-momentum tensor (EMT) around a static quark in the deconfined phase of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. The EMT defined through the gradient-flow formalism is used for the numerical analysis of the EMT distribution around the Polyakov loop with the continuum extrapolation. Using EMT, one can study the mechanical distortion of the color gauge field induced by the static charge. We find substantial separation in the absolute values of the EMT eigenvalues which is not observed in Maxwell theory. The separation grows as temperature is lowered toward the critical temperature. The lattice data also indicate the thermal screening at long distance and the perturbative behavior at short distance.

Speaker: Masakiyo Kitazawa (Osaka University)

183_T4Th_Masakiyo_Kitazawa

210727LATTICE_singleQ.pdf

211 Particle density probability distribution function and center symmetry breaking in finite density lattice gauge theories

We study the nature of the phase transition at high temperature and high density in lattice gauge theories by focusing on the probability distribution function, which represents the probability of appearance of particle density in a heat bath. The probability distribution function is obtained by constructing a canonical partition function by fixing the number of particles from the grand partition function. However, if the Z(3) center symmetry, which is important for understanding the finite temperature phase transition of SU(3) lattice gauge theory, is strictly maintained on a finite lattice, the probability distribution function is always zero, except when the number of particles is a multiple of 3. For U(1) gauge theory, this problem is more extreme. The center symmetry makes it impossible for a charged state to exist.
In this study, we discuss the solution to this problem, and at the same time, propose a method of avoiding the sign problem, which is an important problem in the finite density lattice gauge theory, by the center symmetry. This problem is essentially the same as the problem that the expectation value of the Polyakov loop is always zero when calculating with finite volume, as long as the center symmetry is not broken. In the U(1) lattice gauge theory, when the fermion mass is heavy, numerical simulations are actually performed, and it is demonstrated that the calculation of the probability distribution function at a finite density is possible using the method proposed in this study. Furthermore, the application of this method to QCD is discussed.

Speaker: Shinji Ejiri (Niigata University)

424_T4Th_Shinji_Ejiri

lattice2021ejiri.pdf

212 Worldvolume tempered Lefschetz thimble method and its error estimation

As a new algorithm towards solving the sign problem, we propose the "worldvolume tempered Lefschetz thimble method" (WV-TLTM) [1]. In this algorithm, we make hybrid Monte Carlo updates on a continuum set of integration surfaces foliated by the antiholomorphic gradient flow ("the worldvolume of the integration surface"). This algorithm is an extension of the tempered Lefschetz thimble method (TLTM) [2]. It tames the sign and multimodal problems simultaneously as the original TLTM. Furthermore, one no longer needs to prepare replicas of configuration space or compute the Jacobian of the flow except for the evaluation of its phase upon measurement, which reduces the computational cost significantly compared to the original TLTM. We apply this algorithm to the Stephanov model (a chiral random matrix model), for which the complex Langevin method is known not to work. We also discuss the effect of choosing a specific flow time region on the estimation of observables, especially by analyzing the autocorrelation times and the statistical errors [3].

[1] M. Fukuma and N. Matsumoto, "Worldvolume approach to the tempered Lefschetz thimble method," PTEP 2021, no.2, 023B08 (2021) [arXiv:2012.08468 [hep-lat]].
[2] M. Fukuma and N. Umeda, "Parallel tempering algorithm for integration over Lefschetz thimbles," PTEP 2017, no.7, 073B01 (2017) [arXiv:1703.00861 [hep-lat]].
[3] M. Fukuma, N. Matsumoto, and Y. Namekawa, in preparation.

Speaker: Nobuyuki Matsumoto (RIKEN)

383_T4Th_Nobuyuki_Matsumoto

lattice2021_NM_v8.pdf

Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics

Convener: C.-J. David Lin

213 Light Hadron Spectrum from a Yang-Mills Matrix Model

Abstract: The SU(3) Yang-Mills matrix model coupled to fundamental
fermions is an approximation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) on a
3-sphere of radius R. The spectrum of this matrix model Hamiltonian
estimated using standard variational methods, and is analyzed in the
strong coupling limit. By employing a renormalization prescription to
determine the dependence of the Yang-Mills coupling and the bare quark
masses on R, we relate the asymptotic values of the energy eigenvalues
in the flat space limit to the masses of light hadrons. We find that the
matrix model estimates the light hadron spectrum fairly accurately, with
most masses falling within 15% of their observed values

Speaker: Mahul Pandey (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies)

214 Lattice QFT on Curved Spacetime for CFT and BSM

Lattices on Spherical Manifolds or on the cylindrical boundary of Anti-de-Sitter
space have the potential to explore non-perturbative conformal or near conformal
gauge theories for BSM studies for composite Higgs or Dark Matter. We report
on progress in the use of Quantum Finite Elements (QFE) to address renormalization on maximally symmetric spherical simplicial manifolds. The simplicial Lagrangians for scalar, Fermionic and gauge fields are found and high precision test of counter term to restore exact isometries for the 2d and 3d Ising CFT are presented. The challenges in extend QFE software to high perfomance for 4d Gauge theories on R x S3 are discussed.

Speaker: Richard Brower (Boston University)

466_T4Td_Richard_Brower

Lattice_2021_Brower.pdf

215 Quantum Counter Terms for Lattice Field Theory on Curved Manifolds

We present the necessity of counter terms for Quantum Finite Element (QFE) simulations of $\phi^4$ theory on non-trivial simplicial manifolds with semi-regular lattice spacing. In particular, by computing the local cut-off dependence of UV divergent diagrams we found that the symmetries of the continuum theory are restored for $\phi^4$ theory on the manifolds $\mathbb{S}^2$ and $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{S}^2$. Here we consider the construction of non-perturbative local counter terms in an attempt go to larger dimensionless lattice coupling closer to the strong coupling Wilson-Fisher IR fixed point.

Speaker: Evan Owen (Boston University)

510_T4Td_Evan_Owen

Lattice_2021___QFE_npct.pdf

216 Fields in fluctuating hyperbolic space

We explore holography with geometry fluctuation in the two-dimensional hyperbolic lattice. We present results on the behavior of the boundary-boundary correlation function of scalar fields propagating on discrete 2D random triangulations with the topology of a disk. We use a gravitational action that includes a curvature squared operator which favors a regular tessellation of hyperbolic space for large values of its coupling. An ensemble of such geometries is generated for different values of the coupling using Monte Carlo simulation. We show that the conformal behavior expected for a uniform hyperbolic space survives as this coupling is decreased implying that holographic predictions survive at least weak quantum gravity corrections. We investigated the dependency of the scaling exponent of the correlators on the mass as we vary the coupling of the curvature-squared-operator. Finally, we discuss the extension of this model to allow for the inclusion of matter field interactions and backreaction on the geometry.

Speakers: Muhammad Asaduzzaman (Syracuse University), Dr Simon Catterall (Syracuse University)

492_T4Td_Muhammad_Asaduzzaman

Asaduzzaman_Muhammad.pdf

217 Chiral fermion on curved domain-wall

We consider a massive fermion system having a curved domain-wall
embedded in a square lattice.
As already reported in condensed matter physics, the massless chiral edge modes
appearing at the domain-wall feel "gravity" through the induced spin
connections.
In this work, we embed $S^1$ and $S^2$ domain-wall into Euclidean space
and show how the gravity is detected from the spectrum of the Dirac operator.
We also discuss how we can understand gravitational anomaly inflow
and index theorem with nontrivial curvature of the domain-wall.

Speaker: Shoto Aoki (Osaka university)

55_T4Td_Shoto_Aoki

lattice_2021_Shoto_Aoki.pdf

218 Restoration of chiral symmetry in cold and dense Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with tensor renormalization group

We analyze the chiral phase transition of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model in the cold and dense region on the lattice developing the Grassmann version of the anisotropic tensor renormalization group algorithm. The model is formulated with the Kogut–Susskind fermion action. We use the chiral condensate as an order parameter to investigate the restoration of the chiral symmetry. The first-order chiral phase transition is clearly observed in the dense region at vanishing temperature with μ/T〜O(10^3) on a large volume of V=1024^4. We also present the results for the equation of state.

Speaker: Yoshinobu Kuramashi (University of Tsukuba)

194_T4Td_Yoshinobu_Kuramashi

Kuramashi.pdf

219 Tensor renormalization group of two-dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory with a θ term

We make an analysis of the two-dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory with a θ term by using the tensor renormalization group.
Our numerical result for the free energy shows good consistency with the exact one at finite coupling constant. The topological charge density generates a finite gap at θ=π toward the thermodynamic limit.
In addition finite size scaling analysis of the topological susceptibility up to V=1024×1024 allows us to determine the phase transition at θ=π is the first order.

Speaker: Yusuke Yoshimura (University of Tsukuba)

220 Tensor renormalization group approach to (1+1)-dimensional Hubbard model

We investigate the metal-insulator transition of the (1+1)-dimensional Hubbard model in the path-integral formalism with the tensor renormalization group method. The critical chemical potential $\mu_{\rm c}$ and the critical exponent $\nu$ are determined from the $\mu$ dependence of the electron density in the thermodynamic and zero-temperature limit. Our results for $\mu_{\rm c}$ and $\nu$ show consistency with the exact solution based on the Bethe ansatz. Our encouraging results indicate the applicability of the tensor renormalization group method to the analysis of higher-dimensional Hubbard models.

Speaker: Shinichiro Akiyama (University of Tsukuba)

75_T4Td_Shinichiro_Akiyama

Akiyama_LAT21.pdf

Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry

Convener: Zhaofeng Liu (Institute of High Energy Physics)

221 The dual Meissner effect due to Abelian Dirac-type monopoles in QCD

Quark confinement mechanism is one of unsolved important problems in QCD. In the dual Meissner picture of color confinement, it is considered that the color flux tube between static quarks is caused by the condensation of color magnetic monopoles in the QCD vacuum. In this talk, we show new results of the dual Meissner effect due to the violation of non-Abelian Bianchi identity corresponding to Abelian Dirac-type monopoles in QCD. In particular, we discuss the vacuum type by evaluating the Ginzburg-Landau parameter through the measurements of Abelian electric field and Abelian squared monopole density in SU(3) gauge theory without gauge fixing.

Speaker: Atsuki Hiraguchi (Kochi University)

24 T4Vs Atsuki Hiraguchi

Lattice2021_AtsukiHiraguchi.pdf

222 Magnetic monopole dominance for the Wilson loops in higher representations

The dual superconductor picture is one of the most promising scenarios for quark confinement. To investigate this picture in a gauge-invariant manner, we have proposed a new formulation of Yang-Mills theory on the lattice, named the decomposition method, so that the so-called restricted field obtained from the gauge-covariant decomposition plays the dominant role in quark confinement. It was known by preceding works that the restricted field dominance is not observed for the Wilson loop in higher representations if the restricted part of the Wilson loop is extracted by adopting the Abelian projection or the field decomposition naively in the same way as in the fundamental representation.
Recently, by the non-Abelian Stokes theorem (NAST) for the Wilson loop operator, we have proposed suitable gauge-invariant operators constructed from the restricted field to reproduce the correct behavior of the original Wilson loop averages for higher representations. We have demonstrated the numerical evidence for the restricted field dominance in the string tension, which means that the string tension extracted from the restricted part of the Wilson loop reproduces the string tension extracted from the original Wilson loop.
In this talk, we focus on the magnetic monopole. According to this picture, magnetic monopoles causing the dual superconductivity are regarded as the dominant degrees of freedom responsible for confinement. With the help of the NAST, we can define the magnetic monopole and the string tension extracted from the magnetic-monopole part of the Wilson loop in a gauge-invariant manner. We will further perform lattice simulations to measure the static potential for quarks in higher representations using the proposed operators and examine the magnetic monopole dominance in the string tension, which means that the string tension extracted from the magnetic-monopole part of the Wilson loop reproduces the true string tension from the original Wilson loop.

Speaker: Akihiro Shibata

332 T4Vs Akihiro Shibata

lattice2021_shibata.pdf

223 Emergent phenomena from centre vortices in lattice QCD

We review some highlights of the centre vortex research programme conducted by the CSSM in SU(3) lattice gauge theory. Starting from the original Monte Carlo gauge fields, a vortex identification procedure yields vortex-removed and vortex-only backgrounds. The original, vortex-removed, and vortex-only ensembles are compared by examining a number of different quantities. The removal of vortices consistently results in the removal of the corresponding feature associated with confinement or dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Remarkably, we observe that after some smoothing, the vortex-only degrees of freedom are able to encapsulate the pertinent features of the original gauge fields.

Speaker: Dr Waseem Kamleh (University of Adelaide)

97 T4Vs Waseem Kamleh

lattice2021.pdf

224 Impact of Dynamical Fermions on Centre Vortex Structure

This presentation examines the centre-vortex structure of Monte-Carlo generated gauge-field configurations using modern visualisation techniques. This time, the manner in which light dynamical fermion degrees of freedom impact the centre-vortex structure is explored. Focusing on the thin vortices identified by plaquettes having a non-trivial centre phase, the vortex structure is illustrated through 3D renderings of oriented spatial plaquettes. Time-oriented plaquettes are illustrated by identifying spatial links associated with these non-trivial plaquettes. The impact of light dynamical fermions is not subtle, changing both the density of vortices and the complexity of the vortex structures observed. The role of vortex branching points in full QCD is highlighted in the survey of results presented.

Speaker: Derek Leinweber (CSSM, University of Adelaide)

344 T4Vs Derek Leinweber

225 Centre Vortex Structure in 2+1 Flavour QCD

This presentation introduces new insights into the centre-vortex structure of lattice gauge fields, this time exploring the influence of dynamical fermions in the full-QCD vacuum. Calculations of both the Landau-gauge gluon propagator and the static quark potential reveal notable differences in the vortex phenomenology of pure-gauge and full-QCD simulations. Remarkably, configurations composed of centre-vortices alone have the ability to reproduce the static quark potential of full QCD. Moreover, the distribution of vortices in the vacuum is altered significantly with the introduction of dynamical fermions. Together, these results report the substantial influence of dynamical fermions on the centre-vortex structure of QCD-vacuum fields.

Speaker: James Biddle (University of Adelaide)

343 T4Vs James Biddle

VortexStructure.pdf

226 Impact of center vortex removal on the Landau gauge quark propagator in dynamical QCD

The important role of center vortices in dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and corresponding dynamical mass generation has been demonstrated in quenched studies of the Landau gauge quark propagator. We present the results of our investigation into the impact of center vortex removal on the Landau gauge quark propagator computed with overlap fermions on dynamical gauge fields. Upon removal of vortices we find that dynamical mass generation essentially vanishes, and the quark renormalization function remains flat except in the infrared where it exhibits significant suppression.

Speaker: Adam Virgili (University of Adelaide)

556 T4Vs Adam Virgili

227 Construction of a non-relativistic quark-diquark model from LQCD

A novel method is proposed to determine the quark-diquark potential together with quark and diquark masses in the framework of Lattice Quantum Chromo Dynamics (LQCD). Treating a baryon as a quark-diquark bound state, we construct the corresponding two-body potential from the equal-time quark-diquark Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter (NBS) wave function by demanding it to satisfy the Schroedinger equation. In so doing, the quark and diquark masses in the kinetic term of the Schroedinger equation must be determined self-consistently since their direct measurement is hampered by the color confinement. We determine the mass by demanding the p-wave excitation energy obtained from the Schroedinger equation to be equal to that obtained from the two-point correlator. After examining that the formalism gives results consistent with those of the prior works in the $c\bar c$ sectors, we consider the $\Lambda_c$ baryon sector to obtain the diquark mass and the quark-diquark potential. Numerical calculations are performed on a $32^3\times64$ lattice with a cutoff of $a \simeq 0.0907$ [fm] with the pion mass of $m_{\pi}\simeq 700$[MeV] generated by PACS-CS Collaboration. The charm quark mass in this work is $m_c=1.771(48)$ [GeV] and the diquark mass is $m_D=1.220(45)$ [GeV]. The latter lies above the naive estimations such as the $\rho$ meson mass $M_\rho=$1.098(5) [GeV] and two-third of the nucleon mass $2m_N/3$=1.049(12) [GeV].

Speaker: Kai Watanabe (Osaka University)

129 T4Vs Kai Watanabe

Lat-2021.pdf

228 Deep learning study on the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum of staggered quarks

We study chirality of staggered quarks on the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum using deep learning techniques. The theory expects a characteristic pattern (we call it "leakage pattern") in the matrix elements of the chirality operator sandwiched between two eigenstates of staggered Dirac operator. Deep learning analysis gives 99.4(24)% accuracy per a single normal gauge configuration and 0.998 AUC (Area Under ROC Curve) for classifying non-zero eigenmode quartets in the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum. It confirms that the leakage pattern is universal on normal gauge configurations. We choose the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) method which is one of the deep learning models. It happens to give the best performance in our study. Numerical study is done using HYP staggered quarks on the 20^4 lattice in quenched QCD.

Speaker: Sunkyu Lee (Seoul National University)

553 T4Vs Sunkyu Lee

DL_study_sklee_Lat21.pdf

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Discussion/social: Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Wednesday 28 July

Tutorial: Intel OneAPI tutorial

Convener: Patrick Steinbrecher (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

229 Intel OneAPI tutorial

Attendees should create a DevCloud account using below link and event code before the session:
https://sforms.intel.com/DevCloud/?eventcode=lattice-07302021

Event Code: lattice-07302021

The session includes a giveaway of 10 Intel GPU developer platforms.

Join our virtual workshop on Essentials of Data Parallel C++ to learn about oneAPI which aims to provide a unified, cross-industry, programming model to program heterogeneous architectures. In this workshop, you will learn oneAPI programming model and how it can solve the challenges of programming in a heterogeneous world. You will also learn the Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) language and familiarize yourself with using Jupyter notebooks on Intel® DevCloud. We will also go in-depth on SYCL fundamental classes and device selection to offload kernel workloads. You will learn new Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) features such as Unified Shared Memory to simplify programming and how to take advantages of using Subgroups and Reductions in DPC++.

Speaker: Patrick Steinbrecher (Intel)

essentials.oneapi.lattice2021.pdf

Recording

Discussion/social: Diversity breakfast

Conveners: Sinead Ryan (Trinity College Dublin), Sophie Hollitt (Technische Universitaet Dortmund (DE))

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Conveners: Daniel Mohler (GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung), Marc Wagner

230 Confirmation of the existence of an exotic state in the $\pi D$ system

In recent years many candidates for states beyond the most simple realization of the quark model were found in various experiments around the world. However, so far no consensus exists on their structure, although there is strong evidence that at least some of those are dynamically generated from meson-meson interactions.

We provide an important missing piece from the theoretical side to prove that the various structures seen in the $\pi D^{(*)}$, namely the lightest open charm scalars $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_0^*(2300)$ as well as their axial vector partner states can all be understood as emerging from Goldstone-Boson--$D$-meson scattering.

In a SU(3) flavor-symmetric lattice QCD simulation at large pion masses we establish that there exists a $\pi D$ bound state in the flavor-sextet representation that cannot emerge for quark-antiquark states, but that appears naturally from the multiquark states. Moreover, we find repulsion in the $[15]$ representation, which establishes the pattern predicted for the interactions of Goldstone bosons with $D$ mesons.

Speaker: Eric B. Gregory (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ))

446_W1Sp_Eric_B._Gregory

ebgregory_latt2021.pdf

231 The lightest $D_0^\star$ resonance from QCD

The lightest scalar charm-light $D_0^\star$ and charm-strange $D_{s0}^\star$ mesons have been puzzling in that experiments have found them at approximately the same mass. This is in contrast with the quark-model prediction. For the first time, we map out the energy dependence of the elastic Isospin-1/2 $D\pi$ scattering amplitude and find a complex $D_0^\star$ resonance pole, using Lattice QCD with a pion mass $m_\pi\approx239$ MeV and the Lüscher finite-volume quantisation condition. The resonance, which is lighter than the $D_{s0}^\star$ found on the same lattice, is strongly coupled to the $S$-wave $D\pi$ channel. We find that both $q\bar{q}$-like and $D\pi$-like constructions are necessary to interpolate the corresponding spectrum from the vacuum.

Based on arXiv:2102.04973
L. Gayer, N. Lang, S. Ryan, D. Tims, C. E. Thomas, D. J. Wilson
for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration

Speaker: Nicolas Lang (Trinity College Dublin)

456_W1Sp_Nicolas_Lang

talk.pdf

232 Comparing meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark creation operators for a bar-b bar-b u d tetraquark

We compare two frequently discussed competing structures for a stable $\bar{b} \bar{b} u d$ tetraquark with quantum numbers $I(J^P) = 0(1^+)$ by considering meson-meson as well as diquark-antidiquark creation operators. We treat the heavy antiquarks as static with fixed positions and find diquark-antidiquark dominance for $\bar{b} \bar{b}$ separations $r < 0.25 \, \text{fm}$, while for $r > 0.50 \, \text{fm}$ the system essentially corresponds to a pair of B mesons. For the meson-meson to diquark-antidiquark ratio of the tetraquark we obtain around $60\%/40\%$.

Speaker: Prof. Marc Wagner (Goethe University Frankfurt)

493_W1Sp_Marc_Wagner

Slides.pdf

233 Bottomonium resonances from lattice QCD static-static-light-light potentials

We study $I = 0$ quarkonium resonances decaying into pairs of heavy-light mesons using static-static-light-light potentials from lattice QCD. To this end, we solve a coupled channel Schrödinger equation with a confined quarkonium channel and channels with a heavy-light meson pair to compute phase shifts and t-matrix poles for the lightest decay channel. Additionally, we study the quark composition of the observed states in terms of quarkonium- and meson-meson-composition. We find results for S-, P-, D- and F-wave-states to discuss in the context of corresponding experimental results, in particular for $\Upsilon(10753)$ and $\Upsilon(10860)$.

Speaker: Lasse Mueller (Goethe University Frankfurt)

392_W1Sp_Lasse_Mueller

lmueller_lat2021.pdf

234 $D K$ and $D \bar{K}$ scattering and the $D^\ast_{s0}(2317)$ from lattice QCD

I will discuss some recent lattice QCD calculations of $DK$ and $D\bar{K}$ scattering, relevant for the enigmatic $D^\ast_{s0}(2317)$, with light-quark masses corresponding to $m_\pi = 239$ MeV and $m_\pi = 391$ MeV. The S-waves contain interesting features including a near-threshold $J^P = 0^+$ bound state in isospin-0 $DK$, corresponding to the $D^\ast_{s0}(2317)$, with an effect that is clearly visible above threshold, and suggestions of a $0^+$ virtual bound state in isospin-0 $D\bar{K}$. The S-wave isospin-1 $D\bar{K}$ amplitude is found to be weakly repulsive. There is a deeply bound $D^\ast$ vector resonance, but negligibly small P-wave $DK$ interactions are observed in the energy region considered; the P and D-wave $D\bar{K}$ amplitudes are also small.

Based on material in arXiv:2008.06432
G. K. C. Cheung, C. E. Thomas, D. J. Wilson, G. Moir, M. Peardon, S. M. Ryan,
for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration

Speaker: Christopher Thomas (University of Cambridge)

298_W1Sp_Christopher_Thomas

CThomas_Lattice2021.pdf

235 Optimizing distillation for charmonium and glueballs

We study the charmonium spectrum on an ensemble with two heavy dynamical quarks with a mass at half the physical charm quark mass. Operators for different quantum numbers are used in the framework of distillation with different smearing profiles to increase the overlap with ground and excited states. The use of exact distillation, large statistics and the absence of light quarks gives robust results for the charmonium spectrum. We also present preliminary results for the glueball spectrum in this theory.

Speaker: Juan Andres Urrea Nino (Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal)

177_W1Sp_Juan_Andres_Urrea_Nino

OptimizedDistillation.pdf

236 Doubly bottom Tetraquarks

We investigate doubly heavy tetraquarks with quark structure $ \bar{Q}\bar{Q}'qq'$ in full lattice QCD using the NRQCD formalism for bottom quarks. We focus mainly on bound states in systems with two heavy antiquarks $ \bar{b}\bar{b} $ and $ \bar{b}\bar{c} $ in the present of light quarks $q \in \{u,d,s\} $.

Speaker: Martin Pflaumer (Goethe Universität Frankfurt)

107_W1Sp_Martin_Pflaumer

MartinPflaumerLattice2021.pdf

237 Determination of the masses of hybrid charmonium mesons

There are several unexplained resonances in the charmonium sector. To this end we present a study of the masses and decay constants of the lightest multiplet of charmonium-like hybrid mesons. We obtain precise measurements through the use of a variational basis and a large number of configurations at three lattice spacings. We use staggered fermion operators and our configurations are generated using the HISQ action with 2+1+1 dynamical flavours. The mixing of the vector hybrid with the $\small J/\Psi$ is examined and bounds on the vector hybrid decay constant are presented.

Speaker: Gaurav Ray (University of Plymouth)

66_W1Sp_Gaurav_Ray

gray_jul28_2021_charmoniumhybridmesons.pdf

238 Tetraquark channels with $\bar b b$ pair in the static limit

In 2011, Belle discovered two $Z_b^+$ hadrons with quark content $\bar{b}b\bar{d}u$. Lattice study of hadrons with this quark content is challenging because they can decay to two $B$-mesons and also to a bottomonium and a light meson, leading to a large number of decay channels. We present a lattice study of the $\bar{b}b\bar{d}u$ system with the static bottom quarks. Only the channel that couples to $\bar bb + \pi$ was explored on the lattice before $-$ it features an attractive potential for the $B\bar{B}^*$ and a bound state below the threshold. Our lattice study incorporates channels with other quantum numbers that have not been investigated before. Eigen-energies of the system are extracted as a function of separation between $\bar{b}$ and $b$ in all channels.

Speaker: Mr Mitja Šadl (Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana)

38_W1Sp_Mitja_Šadl

sadl_static_tetraquark.pdf

239 Charmonium-like resonances in coupled $D\bar D$ - $D_s\bar D_s$ scattering

The first lattice study of coupled-channel $D\bar D$ and $D_s\bar D_s$ scattering is presented. The partial waves $l=0,2$ are investigated on CLS ensembles. The resulting scattering matrix suggests the existence of three charmonium-like states with $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ in addition to $\chi_{c0}(1P)$: a $D\bar D$ bound state just below threshold, a broader resonance likely related to $\chi_{c0}(3860)$ and a narrow resonance just below $D_s\bar D_s$ with a large coupling to this threshold. The partial wave $l=2$ features a $J^{PC}=2^{++}$ resonance likely related to $\chi_{c2}(3930)$. We work with several assumptions, such as the omission of $J/\psi\omega$, $\eta_c\eta$ and three-particle channels.

Speaker: Sasa Prelovsek

16_W1Sp_Sasa_Prelovsek

prelovsek_lat21.pdf

240 The excited and exotic heavy-light meson spectrum

Preliminary results for the spectra of excited and exotic $B$, $B_s$ and $B_c$ mesons are presented. The calculation on a dynamical anisotropic lattice employs distillation, enabling a large basis of interpolating operators including those proportional to the gluonic field strength which are relevant for hybrid states. A comparison with a similar calculation of $D$ and $D_s$ mesons is made.

Speaker: Sinead Ryan (Trinity College Dublin)

430_W1Sp_Sinead_Ryan

SRyan_Lat21.pdf

Hadron Structure

Conveners: Christopher Sachrajda (University of Southampton), Oliver Baer (Humboldt University Berlin, Germany)

241 Pion and rho structure functions from $N_f=2+1$ lattice QCD

The rho meson is the lightest strongly decaying particle and also the simplest spin-1 meson, which allows for the study of polarisation dependent structure functions that are not present in the spin-1/2 case. Its unstable nature complicates the analysis of its structure, both on the lattice and in experiment. However, it allows us to study the interplay between hadron polarization and parton densities, and provides us a comparative value for other spin-1 systems. The prominent example here is the $b_1$ structure function of the deuteron measured by HERMES.

So far, only very few lattice studies of the rho meson structure functions exist. Moreover, disconnected contributions where neglected, which we find to be non-negligible. We will present first results for flavor singlet and non-singlet matrix elements of the rho and the pion. Using a large subset of Coordinated Lattice Simulations (CLS) gauge ensembles enables us to perform a controlled quark mass- and continuum extrapolation to the physical limit.

Speaker: Marius Löffler (Regensburg University)

Pion and rho structure functions from N_f = 2+1 lattice QCD

talk.pdf

242 Double parton distributions in the nucleon from lattice simulations

We provide a first study of Mellin moments of double parton distributions (DPDs) in the nucleon on the lattice, where we consider several combinations of quark flavors and polarizations. These are accessible through two-current correlations, which can be obtained by evaluating four-point functions. In this context we consider all possible Wick contractions, where for almost all of them sufficiently clear signals are obtained. In the present study, we employ an $n_f = 2 + 1$ CLS ensemble on a $96 \times 32^3$ lattice with lattice spacing $a = 0.0856\ \mathrm{fm}$ and the pseudoscalar masses $m_\pi = 355\ \mathrm{MeV}$ and $m_K = 441\ \mathrm{MeV}$.

Speaker: Christian Zimmermann (University of Regensburg)

Double parton distributions in the nucleon from lattice simulations

pres.pdf

243 Virtual Photon Emission in Leptonic Decays of Pseudoscalar Mesons

We study, with lattice QCD, the leptonic decays of pseudoscalar mesons of the type $P^+\to l^+\,\nu_l\,l'^+\,l'^-$. These processes are mediated by the emission of a virtual photon which also interacts with the hadronic structure of the pseudoscalar meson $P^+$, giving rise to relevant structure-dependent corrections. They are very suppressed processes, which thus provide an excellent test for the Standard Model and represent an useful ground for the search of New Physics. Particularly interesting is the case of heavy mesons like the $D$ and the $B$, for which Chiral Pertubation Theory (ChPT) does not apply. We present the strategy developed for the lattice calculation of all the relevant structure-dependent form factors and separate their contribution to the amplitude from the point-like structure-independent term. We study the kinematic limitation due to the presence of internal lighter states appearing in the Euclidean correlation function, together with some strategies to overcome this issue. We also present our preliminary results and compare them with experimental data. For processes to which ChPT applies we also compare our results with the ChPT predictions.

Speaker: Filippo Mazzetti (Università degli studi Roma Tre)

Virtual Photon Emission in Leptonic Decays of Pseudoscalar Mesons

244 Gauge-invariant renormalization of fermion bilinears and energy-momentum tensor on the lattice

We study a gauge-invariant renormalization scheme (GIRS) for composite operators, regularized on the lattice, by extending the coordinate space (X-space) scheme proposed some years ago. In this scheme, Green's functions of products of gauge-invariant operators located at different spacetime points are considered. Due to the gauge-invariant nature of GIRS, gauge fixing is not needed in the lattice simulations. Also, when operator mixing occurs, the gauge-variant operators (BRST variations and operators which vanish by the equations of motion) can be safely excluded from the renormalization process.

We propose a number of variants of GIRS, including integration over time slices of the operator insertion point in a Green's function, which may lead to reduced statistical noise in lattice simulations. We employ these variants in the renormalization of fermion bilinear operators and the study of mixing between the gluon and quark energy-momentum tensor operators. We extract the one-loop conversion factors relating the nonperturbative renormalization factors in different versions of GIRS to the reference scheme of $\overline{\rm MS}$.

Speaker: Dr Gregoris Spanoudes (University of Cyprus)

Gauge-invariant renormalization of fermion bilinears and energy-momentum tensor on the lattice

Lattice2021_Gregoris_Spanoudes.pdf

245 Towards High-Precision Nucleon Parton Distributions via Distillation

The pseudo-distribution formalism is one such methodology capable of illuminating the collinear structure of hadrons from matrix elements of suitably constructed space-like operators calculated using lattice QCD. Looking more closely at the unpolarized nucleon PDF calculation of the HadStruc collaboration, the improved statistical quality of the computed Ioffe-time pseudo-distributions opens the possibility of rigorously quantifying systematics inherent to this calculation. A method to simultaneously extract the PDFs and capture and remove systematic effects is developed. This bolsters the prospect of a reliable PDF extraction with minimal systematic contamination.

Speaker: Colin Egerer (William and Mary)

egerer_Lattice2021.pdf

Towards High-Precision Nucleon Parton Distributions via Distillation

246 Towards precision calculation of partonic structure of hadrons from lattice QCD

Calculating the partonic structure of hadrons from lattice QCD has attracted a lot of interest in the past few years, and now has moved to a stage which calls for precision. In this talk, I'll discuss some important steps towards such precision calculations.

Speaker: Jianhui Zhang (Beijing Normal University)

latt2021.pdf

Towards precision calculation of partonic structure of hadrons from lattice QCD

247 NNLO Corrections to Quark Quasi Distributions

We present the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculation of quark quasiparton distribution functions (PDFs) in the large momentum effective theory. The nontrivial factorization at this order is established explicitly and the full analytic matching coefficients between the quasidistribution and the light-cone distribution are derived. In the end we get the PDFs within our NNLO matching coefficients and the lattice data.

Speaker: Ruilin Zhu (Nanjing Normal University)

NNLO Corrections to Quark Quasi Distributions

NNLOMatch-RLZ-Lattice2021.pdf

248 The systematic effects study in lattice calculation of soft function

The transverse momentum dependent soft function introduced to describe soft-gluon effects plays an important role in QCD factorization. We present a lattice QCD study on this function by simulating pion matrix element and quasi TMD wave function using the large momentum effective theory. The momenta we adopted are up to $3 $ GeV. Various systematic effects are examined in our study.

Speaker: Shicheng Xia (Peking University)

The systematic effects study in lattice calculation of soft function

249 Determination of the Collins-Soper Kernel from Lattice QCD

We present lattice results for the non-perturbative Collins-Soper (CS) kernel, which describes the energy-dependence of transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs). The CS kernel is extracted from the ratios of first Mellin moments of quasi-TMDs evaluated at different nucleon momenta.The analysis is done with dynamical $N_f=2+1$ clover fermions for the CLS ensemble H101 ($a=0.0854\,\mathrm{fm}$, $m_{\pi}=m_K=422\,\mathrm{MeV}$). The computed CS kernel is in good agreement with experimental extractions and previous lattice studies.

Speaker: Maximilian Schlemmer (University of Regensburg)

Determination of the Collins-Soper Kernel from Lattice QCD

schlemmer_cs_kernel_talk.pdf

250 Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions From Large Momentum Effective Theory

We show that the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions
(TMDPDFs), important for understanding 3D hadron structure and describing
high-energy experiments, can be formulated in the framework of the
large-momentum effective theory(LaMET). We show that the quasi-TMDPDFs,
calculable on lattice, factorize at large momentum limit into physical-TMDPDFs
and reduced soft functions. We show that the reduced soft function can be
realized as a form-factor and can be extracted by combining lattice calculable
quasi-light-front wave functions and light-meson form-factors at large momentum
transfer. This paves the wave for first-principle determination of TMDPDFs and
Drell-Yan cross sections.

Speaker: Mr -Yizhuang -Liu (jagiellonian university)

Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions From Large Momentum Effective Theory

251 Lattice-QCD Calculations of TMD Soft Function Through Large-Momentum Effective Theory

The transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) soft function is a key ingredient in QCD factorization of Drell-Yan and other processes with relatively small transverse momentum. We present a lattice QCD study of this function at moderately large rapidity on a 2+1 flavor CLS dynamic ensemble with a = 0.098 fm. We extract the rapidity-independent (or intrinsic) part of the soft function through a large-momentum-transfer pseudo-scalar meson form factor and its quasi-TMD wave function using leading-order factorization in large-momentum effective theory. We also investigate the rapidity-dependent part of the soft function—the Collins-Soper evolution kernel—based on the large-momentum evolution of the quasi-TMD wave function.

Speaker: Qi-An Zhang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

Lattice-QCD Calculations of TMD Soft Function Through Large-Momentum Effective Theory

Qi-An Zhang.pdf

252 Lattice QCD Calculations of Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Wave Function through Large-Momentum Effective Theory

We’ll present the first lattice QCD calculation of transverse momentum dependence wave function of pion using large momentum effective theory. We use the clover fermion action on three ensembles with $2+1+1$ flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) action, generated by MILC collaboration, at pion mass $670MeV$ and $0.12 fm$ lattice spacing, choose three different hadron momenta $P_z=\{1.72, 2.15, 2.58\}$ GeV. Our calculations includes light-front wave function, form factor, Collins-Soper kernel, and soft function. For wave function, we use non perturbative renormalization in MSbar scheme by using Wilson-loop renormalization. We find the curve of wave function with transverse momentum dependence has two turning points, which normal wave function doesn’t.

Speaker: Min-Huan Chu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

lattice2021.pdf

Lattice QCD Calculations of Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Wave Function through Large-Momentum Effective Theory

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Conveners: Claudio Bonati (University of Pisa and INFN), Sayantan Sharma

253 Finite temperature QCD with physical $(u/d, s, c) $ domain-wall quarks

I outline the simulation of lattice QCD with $N_f=2+1+1$ optimal domain-wall quarks at the physical point, on the $64^3 \times (6,8,10,12,16,20) $ lattices, for three lattice spacings $a \sim 0.064-0.075$ fm. The quark masses and lattice spacings are determined at the zero temperature on the $64^4$ lattice. The topological susceptibility of each gauge ensemble is measured by the Wilson flow. In this talk, I present the topological susceptibility $\chi_t(a,T) $ of these gauge ensembles for temperature $T \sim 150-520$ MeV, and also obtain $\chi_t(T)$ in the continuum limit.

Speaker: Prof. Ting-Wai Chiu (National Taiwan University)

Panopto Video Link

twchiu_lattice_2021_A.pdf

254 2+1 flavor fine lattice simulation at finite temperature with domain wall fermions

Simulations for the thermodynamics of the 2+1 flavor QCD are performed employing chiral fermions. The use of Möbius domain wall fermions with stout-link smearing is most effective in the finer lattices where the relevant SU(2) and U(1) chiral symmetries in the chiral limit is approximated to higher degree in the simulation. We report on an initial attempt to locate the (pseudo) critical point using the line of constant physics with an average up and down quark mass slightly heavier than physical and the physical strange mass at $a$<~ 0.1 fm.

Speaker: Yasumichi Aoki (RIKEN)

lattice2021_yaoki.pdf

Panopto Video Link

255 Axial U(1) symmetry at high temperatures in $N_f=2+1$ lattice QCD with chiral fermions

The axial U(1) anomaly in high-temperature QCD plays an important role to understand the phase diagram of QCD. The previous works by JLQCD Collaboration studied high-temperature QCD using 2-flavor dynamical chiral fermions, such as the domain-wall fermion and reweighted overlap fermion. We extend our simulations to QCD with 2+1 flavor dynamical quarks, where the masses of the up, down, and strange quarks are near the physical point, and the temperatures are close to or higher than the pseudocritical temperature. In this talk, we will present the results for the topological susceptibility, axial U(1) susceptibility, and hadronic collelators.

Speaker: Kei Suzuki (JAEA)

202107 lattice_Suzuki_v3.pdf

Panopto Video Link

256 Correlated Dirac Eigenvalues and Axial Anomaly in Chiral Symmetric QCD

In this talk we present the novel relations between the quark mass derivatives [$\partial^{n}\rho(\lambda,m_l)/\partial m_{l}^{n}$] of the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum and the $(n+1)$-point correlations among the eigenvalues. Using these relations we present lattice QCD results for $\partial^{n}\rho(\lambda,m_l)/\partial m_{l}^{n}$ ($n=1, 2, 3$) for $m_l$ corresponding to pion masses $m_\pi=160-55~$MeV, and at a temperature of about 1.6 times the chiral phase transition temperature. Calculations were carried out using (2+1) flavors of highly improved staggered quarks with the physical value of strange quark mass, three lattice spacings $a=0.12, 0.08, 0.06~$fm. We find that $\rho(\lambda\to0,m_l)$ develops a peaked structure. This peaked structure arises due to non-Poisson correlations within the infrared part of the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum, becomes sharper as $a\to0$, and its amplitude is proportional to $m_{l}^2$. We demonstrate that this $\rho(\lambda\to0,m_l)$ is responsible for the manifestations of axial anomaly in two-point correlation functions of light scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. After continuum and chiral extrapolations we find that axial anomaly remains manifested in two-point correlation functions of scalar and pseudoscalar mesons in the chiral limit. This talk is based on our recent published paper [PRL 126 (2021) 082001].

Speaker: Yu Zhang (Central China Normal University)

lat2021_yuzhang.pdf

Panopto Video Link

257 Correlated Dirac eigenvalues around the transition temperature on $N_{\tau}=8$ lattices

Dirac Eigenvalue spectrum $\rho$ and its derivatives with respect to quark mass are useful quantities to study the microscopic origin of the chiral symmetry breaking in QCD. It has been proposed in Ref.[1] that the n-th order derivative of Dirac eigenvalue spectrum with respect to quark mass $\partial^n\rho/\partial m^n$ is connected to the (n+1)-point correlation function among Dirac eigenvalues, which can be computed directly on the lattice. By investigating on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd derivatives of Dirac eigenvalue spectrum it is found $\rho\propto m^2$ at $T=205$ MeV. In this talk we extend the computation done in Ref.[1] to lower temperatures, i.e. 10 temperature values from 137 MeV to 166 MeV on $N_{\tau}=8$ lattices using Highly Improved Staggered Quarks/Tree-level Improved Symanzik (HISQ/tree) action. We will discuss the temperature and quark mass dependences of the 1st and 2nd order quark mass derivatives of $\rho$ at $T\in(137,166)$ MeV. We found that $\partial \rho/\partial m/m$ is no longer equal to $\partial ^2\rho/\partial m^2$ as that at $T=205$ MeV, and $\partial ^2\rho/\partial m^2$ even becomes negative at certain low temperatures. Furthermore, in order to study the magnetic equation of state we also discuss the possibility to get rid of the UV-divergent contribution in the chiral condensate by putting a UV-cutoff in the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum.

References
[1] H. T. Ding, S. T. Li, S. Mukherjee, A. Tomiya, X. D. Wang and Y. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 (2021) no.8, 082001 doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.082001 [arXiv:2010.14836 [hep-lat]].

Speaker: Wei-Ping Huang (Central China Normal University)

lat21_WeiPingHuang.pdf

Panopto Video Link

258 Topology in high-T QCD via staggered spectral projectors

We present preliminary lattice results for the topological susceptibility in high-temperature $N_f=2+1$ QCD obtained discretizing this observable via spectral projectors on eigenmodes of the staggered operator, and we compare them with those obtained with the standard gluonic definition.
The adoption of the spectral discretization is motivated by the large lattice artifacts affecting the continuum scaling of the gluonic susceptibility at high temperatures, related to the choice of non-chiral fermions in the action.

Speaker: Claudio Bonanno (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)

Panopto Video Link

slides_Bonanno.pdf

259 Localised Dirac eigenmodes and Goldstone's theorem at finite temperature

I show that a finite density of near-zero localised Dirac modes can lead to the disappearance of the massless excitations predicted by the finite-temperature version of Goldstone's theorem in the chirally-broken phase of a gauge theory.

Speaker: Matteo Giordano (Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)

gold_loc.pdf

Panopto Video Link

260 Localization at the quenched SU(3) phase transition

It is known that the deconfining transition of QCD is accompanied by the
appearance of localized eigenmodes at the low end of the Dirac spectrum. In
the quenched case localization appears exactly at the critical temperatura of
deconfinement. In the present work, using quenched simulations exactly at the
critical temperature we show that the localization properties of low Dirac
modes change abruptly between the confined and deconfined phase. Moreover, in
the deconfined phase localization occurs only in the real Polyakov loop
sector. We also speculate on the connection between this phenomenon and
fluctuations of the topological charge.

Speaker: Prof. G. Tamas Kovacs (Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest)

kovacs_tg.pdf

Panopto Video Link

261 Effective Dimensions of Dirac Modes in IR Phase of QCD

One consequence of the recently developed effective number theory, designed to count objects with probabilities, is that it leads to a well-defined concept of effective dimension. Due to the additivity of effective numbers, the latter is a measure-based construct extending the Hausdorff/Minkowski-like notion of dimension for fixed sets (with metric) to the stochastic domain. Both IR (infrared) and UV properties can be characterized in this way. Here we evaluate the IR effective dimension $d_{\text{IR}}$ of Dirac modes in the IR phase of thermal QCD. Our results support the existence of a non-trivial structure in deep IR of the spectrum, involving integer dimensions. We point out certain similarities of this structure to one that we simultaneously observe in the vicinity of previously identified Anderson-like mobility edge, located above the energy scale set by temperature.

Speaker: Ivan Horvath (University of Kentucky)

Lat_2021_1.pdf

Panopto Video Link

262 Meson spectroscopy at increasing temperatures using anisotropic ensembles

We will show mesonic ground masses at increasing temperatures for different flavour structures and operators. The mass extraction is carried out using a fitting procedure on anisotropic thermal correlation functions. We use FASTSUM collaboration thermal ensembles corresponding to an anisotropy of $\xi = 3.5 = a_\tau / a_s$.

Using the meson masses as a function of the temperature, we aim to explore the restoration of chiral $SU(2)_A$ and $U(1)_A$ symmetries in QCD.

Speaker: Sergio Chaves (Swansea University)

Panopto Video Link

talk.pdf

263 Computation of QCD meson screening masses at high temperature

We compute flavor non-singlet meson screening masses in the chiral limit of QCD with $N_f=3$ quarks. The calculation is
carried out at 11 temperatures covering from $T\approx 1$ GeV up to the electroweak scale. For each temperature we simulated
4 different lattice spacings, so as to be able to perform the continuum limit extrapolation with confidence at a few permille-accuracy. The calculation has been performed on large lattices to have finite volume effects under control.
In the entire range of temperatures explored, the meson screening masses deviate from the free theory result $2\pi T$ by at most a
few percent. Their values, however, cannot be explained by one-loop perturbation theory up to the electroweak scale, where the
pseudoscalar and the vector screening masses are still significantly different within our precision. Chiral symmetry
restoration manifests itself through the degeneracy of the pseudoscalar and scalar channels and of the vector and axial ones.

Speaker: Davide Laudicina (Milano-Bicocca university)

lattice2021.pdf

Panopto Video Link

QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model

Conveners: Davide Giusti (University of Regensburg), Takashi Kaneko (KEK)

264 Comparison of lattice QCD+QED predictions for radiative leptonic decays of light mesons with experimental data

We present a comparison of existing experimental data for the radiative leptonic decays $P \to \ell \nu_\ell \gamma$, where $P=K$ or $\pi$ and $\ell = e$ or $\mu$, from the KLOE, PIBETA, E787, ISTRA+ and OKA collaborations performed in Ref. [1] using the theoretical predictions based on the recent non-perturbative determinations of the structure-dependent vector and axial-vector form factors, $F_V$ and $F_A$ respectively, obtained in Ref. [2]. These were obtained using lattice QCD+QED simulations at order $O(\alpha_{\mathrm{em}})$ in the electromagnetic coupling.
We find good agreement with the KLOE data on $K \to e \nu_e \gamma$ decays from which the form factor $F^+ = F_V + F_A$ can be determined. For $K \to \mu \nu_\mu \gamma$ decays we observe differences of up to 3 - 4 standard deviations at large photon energies between the theoretical predictions and the data from the E787, ISTRA+ and OKA experiments and similar discrepancies in some kinematical regions with the PIBETA experiment on radiative pion decays.
A global study of all the kaon-decay data within the Standard Model results in a poor fit, largely because at large photon energies the KLOE and E787 data cannot be reproduced simultaneously in terms of the same form factor $F^+$. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental values of the form factor $F^- = F_V - F_A$ is even more pronounced.These observations motivate future improvements of both the theoretical and experimental determinations of the structure-dependent form factors $F^+$ and $F^-$, as well as further theoretical investigations of models of ``new physics" which might for example, include possible flavor changing interactions beyond $V - A$ and/or non-universal corrections to the lepton couplings.

[1] R. Frezzotti et al., Phys. Rev. D103 (2021) no.5, 053005 [arXiv:2012.02120 [hep-ph]].

[2] A. Desiderio et al., Phys. Rev. D103 (2021) no.1, 014502 [arXiv:2006.05358 [hep-lat]]

Speakers: Silvano Simula (INFN - Sezione di Roma Tre), Silvano Simula (INFN)

LAT21_RP.pdf

Talk recording

265 Calculating the $K\rightarrow\pi\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ Rare Kaon Decay Amplitude at the Physical Point

The $K\rightarrow\pi\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ decay is a flavor changing neutral current process which is forbidden at tree level in the Standard Model and thus may be sensitive to potential new physics. This decay is currently being measured at the NA62 experiment in CERN and its form factor is known only through experimental results. I will discuss the ongoing lattice QCD calculation of the $q^2=0$ form factor for the $K\rightarrow\pi\gamma^{*}$ decay at the physical point and present preliminary results.

Speaker: Fionn O hOgain

fohLat2021.pdf

Talk recording

266 Towards a lattice determination of the form factors of the rare hyperon decay $\Sigma^+ \to p \ell^+ \ell^-$

The rare hyperon decay $\Sigma^+ \to p \ell^+ \ell^-$ is an $s \to d$ flavour changing neutral current process that has been recently measured by the LHCb experiment with plans to improve this measurement in the future. This has prompted a need for an improved Standard Model prediction of the branching fraction of this decay.
We present our theoretical approach and progress towards an exploratory study of the form factors of this decay on an unphysical RBC-UKQCD lattice using $N_f=2+1$ domain-wall fermions.

Speaker: Mr Raoul Hodgson (University of Edinburgh)

Lattice_2021_Raoul_Hodgson.pdf

Talk recording

267 All HISQ $B\to K$ form factors

We present preliminary HPQCD results for $B \to K$ form factors $f_{0,+,T\,}(q^2)$ using the HISQ action for all valence quarks on the MILC $N_f = 2 + 1 + 1$ gauge field ensembles. The ensembles used cover five lattice spacings, include the physical pion mass, and span a range of heavy quark masses from $m_c$ to near $m_b$. Our ''heavy-HISQ'' approach allows us to map form factor heavy-quark dependence, extract results for both $D,B \to K$, and perform tests of heavy quark effective theory. Using the fully relativistic HISQ action for all quarks allows the weak current to be normalized non-perturbatively, eliminating the previously dominant uncertainty from perturbatively matching NRQCD-HISQ weak currents. In 2104.09883 we determine $D \to K$ form factors $f_{0,+\,}(q^2)$ (and a sub-percent determination of $|V_{cs}|$ - see Will Parrott's talk at this conference) and report here on $f_{T\,}(q^2)$. Preliminary phenomenological implications and next steps in our all-HISQ heavy-light form factor campaign will be discussed.

Speaker: Dr Chris Bouchard (University of Glasgow )

Bouchard_ver2.pdf

Talk recording

268 BSM $B - \bar{B}$ mixing

We are presenting our ongoing Lattice QCD study on $B - \bar{B}$ mixing on several RBC/UKQCD and JLQCD ensembles with 2+1 dynamical-flavour domain wall fermions, with a range of inverse lattice spacings from 1.7 to 4.5 GeV and including physical-pion-mass ensembles. We compare various different fitting strategies to extract bag parameters $B_{B_d}$ and $B_{B_s}$ both for the standard-model operator as well as the four BSM operators. On each ensemble, we are simulating a range of heavy-quark masses from below the charm-quark mass towards the bottom-quark mass, with one data point reaching about 75% of $m_{\eta_b}$.

Speaker: Felix Erben (University of Edinburgh)

erben_lat21.pdf

Talk recording

269 Neutron Electric Dipole Moment from Overlap Fermions

We report our effort on calculating the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) induced by the theta term using overlap fermions. Three 2+1-flavor RBC/UKQCD domain wall lattices with pion mass ranging from ~300 to ~500 MeV are utilized and on each gauge ensemble we use 3 partially-quenched valence pion masses. Lattice chiral fermions are essential in the calculation, which guarantees a correct chiral limit even at finite lattice spacings, and enables us to reliably extrapolate our result from heavy pion masses to the physical point. Thanks to the cluster decomposition error reduction (CDER) technique and the partially-quenched chiral extrapolation formula, the statistical uncertainties of our calculation are effectively controlled.

Speaker: Jian Liang

EDM_Lattice2021.pdf

Talk recording

270 Tensor Charges and their Impact on Physics Beyond the Standard Model

The nucleon tensor charge, g$_T$, is an important quantity in the search for beyond the Standard Model tensor interactions in neutron and nuclear $\beta$-decays as well as the contribution of the quark electric dipole moment (EDM) to the neutron EDM. We present results from the QCDSF, UKQCD and the CSSM collaboration for the tensor charge, $g_T$, using lattice QCD methods and the Feynman-Hellmann Theorem. We use a flavour symmetry breaking method to systematically approach the physical quark mass. In this analysis the ensembles span four $\beta$ values, enabling an extrapolation to the continuum limit.

Speaker: Rose Smail (The University of Adelaide)

lattice2021_Smail.pdf

Talk recording

271 The neutron electric dipole moment revisited

In QCD there is the possibility of strong CP violation arising from a nonvanishing vacuum angle $\theta$, which would result in an electric dipole moment $d_n$ of the neutron. Recently it has been shown that QCD undergoes a deconfinement phase transition at finite values of $\theta$ due to long-distance vacuum effects, which rules out any CP violation at the hadronic level, thus solving the strong CP problem by itself. To verify this statement we compute the electric dipole moment $d_n$. The calculation is done by rotating the $\theta$ term into the mass matrix and by simulating the action for imaginary values of $\theta$, which allows us to probe a wider range of $\theta$ values.

Speaker: Gerrit Schierholz (DESY)

edmrev.pdf

Talk recording

272 Neutron electric dipole moment using lattice QCD simulations at the physical point

We will present results on the neutron electric dipole moment $\vert \vec{d}_N\vert$ using an ensemble of $N_f=2+1+1$ twisted mass clover-improved fermions with lattice spacing of $a \simeq 0.08 \ {\rm fm}$ and physical pion mass ($m_{\pi} \simeq 139 \ {\rm MeV}$). The approach followed in this work is to compute the $CP$-odd electromagnetic form factor $F_3(Q^2 \to 0)$ by expanding the action to leading order in $\theta$. This gives rise to correlation functions that involve the topological charge, for which we employ a fermionic definition by means of spectral projectors. We include a comparison between the results using the fermionic and the gluonic definition where for the latter we employ the gradient flow. We show that using spectral projectors leads to half the statistical uncertainty on the evaluation of $F_3(0)$. Using the fermionic definition, we find a value of $\vert \vec{d}_N\vert = 0.0009(24) \ \theta \ e \cdot {\rm fm}$.

Speaker: Antonino Todaro (University of Cyprus)

ATodaro_nEDM.pdf

Talk recording

273 Renormalization with the Gradient Flow: A Novel Method for Calculating Loop Integrals

Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) provides the most direct probe into sources of CP-violation. These sources assume an effective form in higher-dimensional local operators built from QCD fields. Unfortunately, the operators mix with lower-dimensional operators under renormalization, introducing power divergences in the lattice spacing which inhibit a smooth continuum limit. The gradient flow provides a method to circumvent this problem. By smearing the fields dynamically in a new dimension, the flow time, we reparametrize the operator mixing independently of the lattice spacing, allowing for a continuum limit at any fixed, nonvanishing flow time. Moreover, the fields are subjected to a Gaussian dampening of high-energy modes, so that ultraviolet divergences are suppressed in the bulk. On the other hand, the nonlinearity of the flow equations and nature of their solutions complicate flowed perturbation theory necessary for the high-energy matching of lattice results. In particular, the damping effect seemingly precludes the use of standard parametrization techniques to calculate loop integrals. We offer a new combinatorial technique for calculating Feynman integrals which is sufficiently general to include diagrams with flowed fields. Further, we present a related renormalization scheme with results and applications of this method to the determination of CP-violating nucleonic matrix elements on the lattice.

Speaker: Matthew Rizik (National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory)

2021_Lattice_Talk.pptx

Talk recording

274 Power divergences of the quark-chromo electric dipole moment operator with the gradient flow

The quark-chromo electric dipole moment (qCEDM) operator is one of the possible beyond-the-standard-model (BSM) contributions to the electric dipole moment (EDM). Power divergences of lower dimensional operators are introduced to the qCEDM operator by operator mixing. We compute non-perturbatively the qCEDM power divergence coefficient with the gradient flow, allowing us to control the power divergences and perform the continuum and chiral extrapolation. We present the comparison between non-perturbative computation and perturbation theory as a function of bare and renormalized coupling.

Speaker: Dr Jangho Kim (Forschungszentrum Jülich)

main.pdf

Talk recording

Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics

Conveners: Daniel Nogradi, Simon Hands

275 Complex Langevin boundary terms in lattice models and the phase diagram of QCD

In complex Langevin simulations, the insufficient decay of the probability density near infinity leads to boundary terms that spoil the formal argument for correctness. We present a formulation of this term that is cheaply measurable in lattice models, and in principle allows also the direct estimation of the systematic error of the CL method. Results for various lattice models from XY model to QCD are presented.

Speaker: Dénes Sexty (University of Graz)

462_W1Td_Dénes_Sexty

sexty_lattice2021.pdf

276 Complex Langevin: Boundary Terms at Poles

The complex Langevin method is a general method to treat systems with
complex action, such as QCD at finite density. The formal justification
relies on the absence of certain boundary terms, both at infinity and at
the unavoidable poles of the drift force. In this talk I focus on the
boundary terms at poles for simple models, which so far have not been
discussed in detail. The main result is that those boundary terms arise
after running the Langevin process for a finite time and vanish again as
the Langevin time goes to infinity. This is in contrast to the boundary
terms at infinity, which can be found to occur in the long time limit (cf
the talk by D\'enes Sexty).

Speaker: Erhard Seiler (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Munich)

535_W1Td_Erhard_Seiler

btpoles.pdf

277 Searching for Yang-Lee zeros in O(N) models

Near the second order phase transition point, QCD with two flavours of massless quarks can be approximated by an $O(4)$ model, where a symmetry breaking external field $H$ can be added to play the role of quark mass. The Lee-Yang theorem states that the equation of state in this model has a branch cut along the imaginary $H$ axis for $|\text{Im}[H]|>H_c$, where $H_c$ indicates a second order critical point. This point, known as Lee-Yang edge singularity, is of importance to the thermodynamics of the system. We report here on ongoing work to determine the location of $H_c$ via complex Langevin simulations.

Speaker: Felipe Attanasio (Universität Heidelberg)

171_W1Td_Felipe_Attanasio

talk.pdf

278 Monopole-like configurations in the O(3) spin model at the upper critical dimension

We present a high-precision Monte Carlo study of the $O(3)$ spin theory on the lattice in $D=4$ dimensions. This model exhibits interesting dynamical features, in particular in the broken-symmetry phase, where suitable boundary conditions can be used to enforce monopole-like topological excitations. We investigate the Euclidean time propagation and the features of these excitations close to the the critical point, where our numerical results show an excellent quantitative agreement with analytic predictions derived from purely quantum-field-theoretical tools by G. Delfino.
We conclude by commenting on the implications of our findings for a conjectured violation of Derrick’s theorem at the quantum level and on the consequences in various areas of physics, ranging from condensed matter to astro-particle physics.

Speaker: Antonio Smecca (University of Turin)

14_W1Td_Antonio_Smecca

LATTICE21_AS.pdf

279 Conserving Lattice Gauge Theory for Finite Systems

In this talk I present a recent proposal for a novel action for lattice gauge theory for finite systems, which accommodates non-periodic boundary conditions [1]. Drawing on the summation-by-parts formulation of finite differences and finite volume strategies of computational electrodynamics, an action is constructed that implements the proper integral form of Gauss' law and exhibits an inherently symmetric energy momentum tensor, all while realizing automatic O(a) improvement. Its central ingredients are illustrated using Abelian gauge theory as example.

[1] A.R. arXiv:2102.08616

Speaker: Prof. Alexander Rothkopf (University of Stavanger)

9_W1Td_Alexander_Rothkopf

Lattice_ROTHKOPF_FINAL.pdf

280 Search for continuous phase transitions in 5D pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory

The Renormalization Group (RG) is one of the central and modern techniques in quantum field theory. Indeed, quantum field theories can be understood as flows between fixed points, representing Conformal Field Theories (CFT's), of the RG. Hence, the search and classification of yet unknown non-trivial CFT's is a legitimate endeavor. Analytical considerations point to the existence of such a fixed point in pure SU(2) Yang-Mills fields in 5D. This issue has already been addressed, although inconclusively. We review it, using lattice Monte Carlo methods, and present our results.

Speaker: José Matos (FCUP)

418_W1Td_José_Matos

Monte Carlo Study of 5-dimensional pure Yang-Mills.pdf

281 Breaking the gauge symmetry in lattice gauge-invariant models.

We consider the role that gauge symmetry breaking terms play on the continuum limit of gauge theories in three dimensions.
As a paradigmatic example we consider scalar electrodynamics in which $N_f$ complex scalar fields interact with a U(1) gauge field. We discuss under which conditions a mass term destabilizes the critical behavior (continuum limit) of the gauge-invariant theory and the nature of the asymptotic continuum limit observed once the gauge-breaking term is introduced.

Speaker: Andrea Pelissetto (Sapienza Universita' di Roma)

559_W1Td_Andrea_Pelissetto

seminar.pdf

282 Global symmetry breaking in gauge theories: the case of multiflavor scalar chromodynamics

Universal features of second order phase phase transitions can be investigated by studying the phi-to-the-fourth field theory with the corresponding global symmetry breaking pattern. When gauge symmetries are present, the same technique is usually applied to a gauge invariant order parameter field, as in the Pisarski-Wilczek analysis of the QCD chiral phase transition. Gauge fields are thus assumed to be irrelevant in the effective critical model, a fact that is however far from trivial. We will investigate the validity of this approach using three dimensional scalar lattice models with non-abelian global and local symmetries, for which critical exponents and scaling functions can be numerically determined with high accuracy.

Speaker: Claudio Bonati (Pisa University)

513_W1Td_Claudio_Bonati

lattice2021_bonati.pdf

283 Continuum limit of two-dimensional multiflavor scalar gauge theories

We address the interplay between local and global symmetries by analyzing the continuum limit of two-dimensional multicomponent scalar lattice gauge theories, endowed by non-abelian local and global invariance. These theories are asymptotically free. By exploiting Monte Carlo simulations and Finite-Size Scaling techniques, we thus provide numerical results concerning the universal behavior of such models in this critical regime. Our results support the conjecture that two-dimensional multiflavor scalar fields have the same continuum limit as the sigma models associated with symmetric spaces that have the same global symmetry as the lattice model.

Speaker: Alessio Franchi (University of Pisa and INFN)

521_W1Td_Alessio_Franchi

LATTICE_2021.pdf

284 Minimally doubled fermions and topology in 2D

We use the two-dimensional Schwinger model to investigate how lattice fermion operators perceive the global topological charge $q\in\mathbf{Z}$ of the gauge background. After a warm-up part devoted to Wilson and staggered fermions, we consider Karsten-Wilczek and Borici-Creutz fermions, which are in the class of minimally doubled lattice fermion actions. The focus is on the eigenvalue spectrum of the selected operator and on the eigenvalue flow (as a function of the scalar mass m) of its hermitean counterpart. Without modification both minimally doubled operators are found to be insensitive to topology, but in either case it is possible to define a suitable taste term to make the operator topology aware.

Speaker: Stephan Durr (University of Wuppertal)

233_W1Td_Stephan_Durr

durr_lat21_talk.pdf

285 Bosonization of Majorana modes in arbitrary geometries

The bosonization procedure for Majorana modes based on Clifford algebra-valued degrees of freedom, valid for arbitrary lattices, will be summarized. In the case of honeycomb geometry the Kitaev model emerges. The role of boundary effects and edge states will be discussed.

Speaker: Arkadiusz Bochniak (Jagiellonian University)

179_W1Td_Arkadiusz_Bochniak

AB_Lattice2021.pdf

286 Euclidean representation of unconstraint "Majorana spins"

The euclidean representation of a newly proposed spin system, which is equivalent to a single Majorana fermion in 2+1 dimensions, is derived. The unconstrained euclidean system reveals a mild sign problem which is quantitatively studied. Implementing constraints without breaking positivity will be shortly outlined.

Speaker: Jacek Wosiek (Jagiellonian University)

120_W1Td_Jacek_Wosiek

WosiekThDev.pdf

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: QCD in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Discussion/social: Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Poster: A1--C10 in Gather Poster Room 1

287 A1: Investigations of supersymmetric Yang--Mills theories

I will present new results from investigations of lattice supersymmetric Yang--Mills theories in three and four dimensions. The fermion action of these theories involves a Pfaffian that may be complex. A first analysis of the complex phase of the Pfaffian, $\left\langle e^{i\phi} \right\rangle$, for the 3D theory with maximal supersymmetry (16 supercharges) reveals very small fluctuations around real positive values. This justifies the phase-quenched approximation used in recent work (arXiv:2010.00026). Separately, computing Creutz ratios for both the 3D and 4D theories with 16 supercharges provides information about their running coupling and beta function. Space permitting, I will also present ongoing work on the 3D theory with 8 supercharges.

Speaker: Angel Sherletov (University of Liverpool)

lattice2021poster.pdf

288 A2: Supercurrent renormalization in N = 1 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory

In this work we study the renormalization of the SUSY Noether current in Supersymmetric $\cal{N} =$ 1 Yang-Mills (SYM) theory on the lattice. In particular, we study the mixing of the current with all other compatible operators of dimension 7/2 and 5/2, leading from the lattice-regularized to the $\overline{\rm{MS}}$-renormalized operator basis. We perform our task in two ways:
(a) We compute, in dimensional regularization, the conversion factors relating the $\overline{\rm{MS}}$ scheme to an intermediate gauge-invariant coordinate-space scheme. In this second scheme, renormalization can be performed via lattice simulations. This could help to investigate the breaking of SUSY on the lattice and strategies towards simulations of supersymmetric QCD. Here we present some preliminary numerical results.
(b) We use lattice perturbation theory and compute, to one loop, various two- and three-point functions. We consider mixing with all relevant gauge-noninvariant operators, which contain also ghost fields.

Speakers: Apostolos Skouroupathis (University of Cyprus), Ivan Soler Calero

Supercurrent_Renormalization.pdf

289 A3: Grid Python Toolkit (GPT)

I present GPT (https://github.com/lehner/gpt): a new Python measurement toolkit built on Grid data parallelism (MPI, OpenMP, SIMD, and SIMT). It provides a physics library for lattice QCD and related theories as well as a QIS module including a digital quantum computing simulator.

Speaker: Christoph Lehner (University of Regensburg & BNL)

gpt.pdf

290 A4: Towards the determination of sigma terms for the baryon octet in $N_\mathrm{f} = 2+1$ QCD with Wilson quarks

A lot of progress has been made in the determination of nucleon sigma terms. In this work we consider the sigma terms of the other octet baryons as well. These are determined on CLS gauge field ensembles employing the Lüscher-Weisz gluon action and the Sheikholeslami-Wohlert fermion action with $N_\mathrm{f} = 2 + 1$ . The ensembles have pion masses ranging from ${410}\,\mathrm{MeV}$ down to the physical value and lattice spacings covering a range between ${0.09}\,\mathrm{fm}$ and ${0.04}\,\mathrm{fm}$. We present some preliminary results for $a\approx 0.06$ fm along a trajectory where the sum of the sea quark masses is kept constant, focusing on the quark mass dependence. We discuss multi-state fits to tackle the well-known problem of excited state contamination and detail how we analyse connected and disconnected contributions.

Speaker: Pia Leonie Jones Petrak (University of Münster)

Pia_Petrak_poster_lattice_2021.pdf

291 A5: Two-grid overlap solver in lattice QCD

In lattice quantum chromodynamics with chiral fermions we want to solve linear systems which are chiral and dense discretizations of the Dirac operator, or the overlap operator. For this purpose, we use the equivalence of the overlap operator with the truncated overlap operator, which is a five dimensional formulation of the same theory. The coarsening is performed along the fifth dimension only. We have tested first this algorithm for small lattice volume 8^4 and we bring here our results for larger lattice size 16^4. We have done simulation in the range of coupling constants and quark masses for which the algorithm is fast and saves a factor of 6, even for dense lattice, compared to the standard Krylov subspace methods.

Speaker: Dr Dafina Xhako (Polytechnic University of Tirana)

Poster_LAT_XHAKO_161.pdf

292 A6: LatticeQCD.jl: Lattice QCD code with Julia

We developed a new production code for lattice gauge theory in Julia language. Julia language has developed quickly since 2012, and it is used for many of calculations in condensed matter physics. This code has compatible speed with a fortran code, ``Lattice Took Kit'', and enables us to perform (R)HMC with the staggered and Wilson fermions with stout smearing for SU(N) generic action and measure several observables in four dimension. In addition, we have implemented self-learning Monte-Carlo (SLMC). In this talk we quickly review functionality and performance of our code and discuss future possibilities. The code can be obtained from https://github.com/akio-tomiya/LatticeQCD.jl

Speaker: Akio Tomiya (RIKEN BNL Research Center)

poster_lattice2021_code.pdf

293 A7: Evaluation of SU(3) smearing on FPGA accelerator cards

Recent FPGA accelerator cards promise large acceleration factors for some specific computational tasks. In the context of Lattice QCD calculations, we investigate the possible gain of moving the SU(3) gauge field smearing routine to such accelerators. We study Xilinx Alveo U280 cards in conjunction with Vitis high-level synthesis framework. We discuss the possible pros and cons of such solution based on gathered benchmarks.

Speaker: Grzegorz Korcyl (Jagiellonian University)

Korcyl_Lattice2021_smearing.pdf

294 A8: 2021 update of $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs

We report recent progress in determining $\varepsilon_K$, the indirect
CP violation parameter in the neutral kaon system, calculated using
lattice QCD inputs including $\hat{B}_K$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$,
$|V_{us}|$, $|V_{cb}|$, and $m_c(m_c)$.

Speaker: Weonjong Lee (Seoul National University)

latt2021_wlee.pdf

295 A9: P-Wave Two-Body Bound and Scattering States in a Finite Volume including QED

The mass shifts for two-fermion bound and scattering P-wave states subject to the long-range interactions due to QED in the non-relativistic regime in refs. [1, 2] are presented. Introducing a short range force coupling the spinless fermions to one unit of angular momentum in the framework of pionless EFT, we 􏰚rst report the two-body scattering amplitudes with Coulomb corrections in the in􏰚nite-volume context [3]. Motivated by the research on particle-antiparticle bound states, we show the T-matrix elements and the leading scattering parameters for fermions of identical mass and opposite charge. Second, we immerse the system into a cubic box with periodic boundary conditions and we display the 􏰚nite-volume corrections to the energy of the lowest bound and unbound T1− eigenstates. In particular, power law contributions proportional to the 􏰚ne structure constant and resembling the recent results for S-wave states are found [4]. Higher order terms in α are neglected, since the gapped nature of the momentum operator in the 􏰚nite-volume environment allows for a perturbative treatment of the QED interactions. Some hints concerning the extension of the analysis to D-wave short-range interactions are eventually given.

[1] G. Stellin, Nuclear Physics in a finite volume: Investigation of two-particle and α-cluster systems (doctoral thesis), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn (2020).
[2] G. Stellin and U.-G. Meiÿner, Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 26 (2021). ArXiv: 2008.06553
[3] G. Stellin, Bound and Scattering States in a Finite Volume including the Coulomb Interaction, 7th RDP School
& Workshop "Frontiers of QCD" (oral contribution), Tbilisi, Georgia (2019).
[4] S.R. Beane and M.J. Savage, Phys. Rev. D 90, 074511 (2014). ArXiv:1407.4846

Speakers: Gianluca Stellin (Universität Bonn), Ulf-G. Meißner (University of Bonn)

Poster_Lattice21_GS.pdf

296 A10: Precision bottomonium properties and b quark mass from lattice QCD+QED

We will discuss the determination of the properties of heavyonium mesons in lattice QCD + quenched QED, using the HISQ action on gluon field configurations that include 2+1+1 flavours of sea quarks and with lattice spacing values going down to 0.03 fm. Results include values for the bottomonium hyperfine splitting and Upsilon and eta_b decay constants, for comparison to our earlier results for the properties of charmonium from lattice QCD+QED. We also determine the ratio of the masses of b and c quarks in the MSbar scheme at 3 GeV, including QED contributions. Using our earlier result for c quark mass in QCD+QED, this enables a new 0.5\% accurate determination of the b quark mass.

Results have appeared in: 2101.08103 and 2102.09609

Speaker: Christine Davies (University of Glasgow)

davies-bottomonium-poster-lat21.pdf

297 B10: The chiral phase transition from strong to weak coupling

The order of the chiral phase transition of lattice QCD with staggered fermions is known to depend on the quark masses, the number of flavours and the lattice spacing. Studies in the literature show a weakening of the $N_f=3,4$ first-order transitions with decreasing lattice spacing. Here we
investigate what happens when lattices are made coarser, in order to establish contact to the strong coupling region. For $N_f=4$ we find a drastic weakening of the transition when going from $N_t=4$ to $N_t=2$, consistent with a second-order chiral transition expected in the strong coupling limit.

Speaker: Alfredo D'Ambrosio (Goethe Universität)

The_chiral_phase_transition_from_strong_to_weak_coupling.pdf

298 B1: What is chiral susceptibility probing?

In the early days of QCD, the axial $U(1)$ anomaly was considered to trigger the breaking of the $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ symmetry through topological excitations of gluon fields. However, it has been a challenge for lattice QCD to quantify the effect. In this work, we simulate QCD at high temperatures with the overlap Dirac operator. The exact chiral symmetry enables us to separate the axial $U(1)$ breaking effect from others among the susceptibilities in the scalar and pseudoscalar channels. Our result in two-flavor QCD indicates that the chiral susceptibility, which is conventionally used as a probe for $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ breaking, is actually dominated by the axial $U(1)$ anomaly at temperatures $T\ge 190$ MeV. This talk is based on our recent paper arXiv:2103.05954.

Speaker: Hidenori Fukaya (Osaka Univ.)

Fukaya-chiralsus-Lattice2021.pdf

299 B2: Latent heat and pressure gap at the first-order deconfining phase transition of SU(3) Yang–Mills theory using the small flow-time expansion method

We study latent heat and the pressure gap between the hot and cold phases at the first-order deconfining phase transition temperature of the SU(3) Yang–Mills theory. Performing simulations on lattices with various spatial volumes and lattice spacings, we calculate the gaps of the energy density and pressure using the small flow-time expansion (SFtX) method. We find that the latent heat $\epsilon$ in the continuum limit is $\epsilon/T^4 = 1.117 \pm 0.040$ for the aspect ratio $N_s/N_t = 8$ and $1.349 \pm 0.038$ for $N_s/N_t = 6$ at the transition temperature $T = T_c$. We also confirm that the pressure gap is consistent with zero, as expected from the dynamical balance of two phases at $T_c$. From hysteresis curves of the energy density near $T_c$, we show that the energy density in the (metastable) deconfined phase is sensitive to the spatial volume, while that in the confined phase is insensitive. Furthermore, we examine the effect of alternative procedures in the SFtX method—the order of the continuum and the vanishing flow-time extrapolations, and also the renormalization scale and higher-order corrections in the matching coefficients. We confirm that the final results are all very consistent with each other for these alternatives.

Speaker: Kazuyuki Kanaya (University of Tsukuba)

lattice2021_kanaya.pdf

300 B3: Flux tube profiles in two-color QCD at low temperature and high density

We investigate the temperature and density dependence of the color flux tube structure of dense two-color QCD with Nf=2 Wilson fermions by using a lattice simulation. From Refs. [1] and [2], we have already clarified the rich phase structure in the low temperature region, including the hadronic and superfluid phases. In this study we measure the quark-antiquark potential and color flux tube profiles in such a low temperature region and find that even in the high density superfluid phase, the color electric field is squeezed into a flux tube as in the low density hadronic phase.

Reference
[1] Kei Iida, Etsuko Itou, Tong-Gyu Lee, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2021, 013B05 (2021)
[2] Kei Iida, Etsuko Itou, Tong-Gyu Lee, J. High Energy Phys. 2001, 181 (2020)

Speaker: Katsuya Ishiguro (Kochi University)

Lattice2021_Poster.pdf

301 B4: A new framework to tune an improved relativistic heavy-quark action

We introduce a new non-perturbative method to tune the parameters of the Columbia formulation of an anisotropic, clover-improved relativistic heavy-quark (RHQ) action.
By making use of suitable observables which can be computed at a sequence of heavy-quark mass values, employing an $O(a)$-improved discretized action with domain-wall chiral fermion, and safely interpolated between the accessible heavy-quark mass region and the static point predicted by heavy-quark effective theory, we are able to precisely determine the unknown coefficients of the RHQ action.
In this proof-of-principle study we benefit from the RBC/UKQCD Iwasaki gauge configurations with $2+1$ flavors of dynamical quarks, at three values of the lattice spacing varying from $0.11$ to $0.062$ fm.
Preliminary results and applications to bottom spectroscopy are also presented.

Speaker: Davide Giusti (University of Regensburg)

poster_LAT21.pdf

302 B6: Density of states for gravitational waves

We present the application of a Wang-Landau type algorithm to a pure-gauge SU(4) model on the lattice, with the aim to calculate the gravitational wave signature of the SU(4) pure-gauge content of a composite Dark Matter model.
Due to the first order phase transition of the SU(4) model, two phases coexist at the critical temperature and for larger lattice sizes the chances of tunnelling between lattice configurations of these phases becomes less and less likely when using standard algorithms. One way around this problem is calculating the density of states directly, which we do using the Logarithmic Linear Relaxation method.

Speaker: Felix Springer (University of Liverpool)

Poster_Springer_Felix.pdf

303 B7: Machine Learning Approximated Nucleon Matrix Elements with Domain Wall Fermions

Nucleon matrix elements are some of the most expensive quantities to calculate within the framework of lattice QCD simulations, as they involve the computation of nucleon three-point correlation functions. Nucleon three-point correlation functions need additional quark propagators compared to two-point correlation functions, and suffer from exponentially worsening signal-to-noise ratios as quark masses approach the physical limit. Here we discuss the machine learning assisted calculation of nucleon matrix elements following a method by B. Yoon et al., which approximates nucleon three-point correlation functions using nucleon two-point correlation functions as input. We will show results for the machine-learning approximated nucleon three-point correlation functions with 2+1 flavor domain wall fermions, and discuss potential improvements to the machine learning architecture. Furthermore, we will discuss a detailed error analysis to fully represent different sources of uncertainties introduced in the machine learning method.

Speaker: Akio Tomiya (RIKEN BNL Research Center)

poster_3pt_lat2021_atomiya.pdf

304 B8: Finite temperature phase transition for three flavor QCD with Möbius-domain wall fermions

The nature of the finite temperature phase transition in 2+1 flavor QCD depends
on the quark mass, and the order and universal class of the phase transition
are shown in a diagram called the Columbia plot.
The region of light quark masses in this diagram is not yet fully understood.
We present preliminary results of a three-flavor QCD study using Möbius-domain
wall fermions to search for the critical endpoint in the light quark mass region
on the diagonal line of the Columbia plot.

Speaker: Yoshifumi Nakamura

lat21.pdf

305 B9: Infrared physics of the SU(2) Georgi-Glashow phase transition

We perform a lattice study of the phase transition in the SU(2) Georgi-Glashow model in three dimensions, where the symmetry is broken to U(1) and a photon-like state appears. Motivated by studies of the QCD instanton, we use gradient flow to renormalise the monopole density and study the role of monopoles in the phase transition. We also use modern techniques to measure the mass of the photon-like state in this model. Large volumes are required so that the monopoles are screened from each other. We see evidence for a nonzero photon mass in the broken phase at sufficiently large volumes and confirm its relationship to the monopole density.

The SU(2) Georgi-Glashow model in three dimensions has long been studied as a high-temperature effective field theory for SU(2) QCD-like models. It can also be considered an effective theory of the Standard Model with an additional triplet field where the Higgs field is not dynamical. In both cases, the phase diagram and nature of the phase transition are important for broader questions of phenomenology. Substantial discrepancies exist between perturbative studies and existing lattice results. By studying the role of monopoles in the phase transition, our study seeks to shed light on one likely source of this discrepancy.

Speaker: David Weir (University of Helsinki)

niemi_rummukainen_seppä_weir.pdf

306 C1: Hybrid stochastic method for the tensor renormalization group

We study a hybrid stochastic method for the tensor renormalization group
(TRG) approach.
The TRG is known as a powerful tool to study the many-body systems and
quantum field theory on the lattice.
It is based on a low-rank approximation of the tensor using the
truncated singular value decomposition (SVD),
whose computational cost significantly increases as the bond dimension
increases, so that efficient cost reduction techniques are highly demanded.
We use a noise vector for the low-rank approximation with combining the
truncated SVD, by which the truncation error is replaced with a statistical error due to noise, and an improvement of the error estimation could be expected.
We test this method in the classical Ising model in comparison with the
original TRG method, and also discuss other applications of the method for further error reductions.

Speakers: Hiroshi Ohki, Masaaki Tomii

poster_Lattice2021.pdf

307 C2: SU(2) gauge theory with N_f = 24 fermions at finite mass

SU(2) gauge theory with $N_f=24$ massless fundamental fermions is trivial: in the UV it has a Landau pole and in the IR it becomes free. At non-zero fermion mass the IR behaviour is expected to change: as the fermions decouple at sufficiently low energies, the theory reduces to pure gauge SU(2) and is therefore confining. We measure the evolution of the coupling constant with the gradient flow method. The decoupling of the fermions is observed clearly: the evolution of the coupling constant smoothly interpolates between the massless $N_f=24$ behaviour and pure gauge behaviour as the energy scale $\mu$ changes from $\mu >> m_q$ to $\mu << m_q$. We also measure the mass spectrum and string tension of the theory, and verify that they approach the expected free theory behaviour as $m_q \rightarrow 0$.

Speaker: Ahmed Salami (University of Helsinki)

SU(2)_Nf_24.pdf

308 C3: Progress report on computing the disconnected QCD and the QCD plus QED hadronic contributions to the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment.

The recent experimental result for the muon’s anomalous magnetic
moment from Fermilab motivates the reduction of the errors on lattice
QCD calculations of the leading order hadronic contribution. All of our
calculations use the highly-improved staggered quark (HISQ)
formulation. The gauge configurations are generated with four flavors
of HISQ sea quarks with physical sea-quark masses. The disconnected
QCD calculation use configurations at the three lattice spacings:
0.15, 0.12 and 0.09 fm. We report preliminary results for some of the
QED+QCD contributions at one lattice spacing, which use either
quenched photons or QCD gauge configurations that include the
dynamics of QED in the sea.

Speaker: Dr Craig McNeile (Plymouth University)

g-2_discon.pdf

309 C4: Algorithms for quantum state preparation in the Schwinger Model

An important aspect to consider in practical applications of quantum computing
is the computational cost of a quantum state preparation. Quantum adiabatic evolution is a possible technique based on the slow time evolution of the Hamiltonian from a simple one to the target one. A different approach is the so-called Rodeo algorithm, where stochastically, and in a recursive manner, all states outside a given energy interval are removed.
We discretize the Schwinger model Hamiltonian with a $\theta$ term, using staggered fermions, and compare the convergence properties of the two algorithms. We also study the impact of increasing the step-size in the Trotter evolution, to assess the feasibility of these type of calculations on a real quantum device.

Speaker: Giovanni Pederiva (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University)

pederiva-poster-lattice-38.pdf

310 C5: QCD topology and axion’s properties from Wilson twisted mass lattice simulations

We present the results on topological susceptibility and chiral observables in $N_f = 2 +1 + 1$ QCD for temperature range $120 < T < 600$ MeV. The lattice simulations are performed with Wilson twisted mass fermions at physical pion, strange and charm masses. In high-$T$ region the chiral observables are shown to follow leading order Griffith analyticity regardless the critical behaviour, and the decay exponent of topological susceptibility agrees with instanton dilute gas models. The measured topological susceptibility is used to estimate the mass of QCD axion. The resulting axion mass constraints are in agreement with our previous studies at higher pion masses.

Speaker: Anton Trunin (Samara University)

poster.pdf

311 C6: Using weighted averaging methods in measurements of $SU(3)_{f}$ symmetry breaking in $B$ meson decay constants

Measurements of flavour physics anomalies, such as those in the CKM matrix elements, rely on minimising systematic errors from the relevant parameters derived from experiment and theory. One method of determining $V_{ub}$ requires both $B\to\ell\nu$ branching fractions from experiment and $B$ decay constants from lattice QCD calculations, such as $f_B$ and $f_{B_s}$.

This work will present the efforts from UKQCD/QCDSF/CSSM in calculating $f_{B}$ and $f_{B_{s}}$ on controlled $SU(3)_{f}$-breaking ensembles, specifically focusing on the evaluation of $B$ meson observables as a weighted average across multiple fitting regions. Due to the chosen anisotropic clover-improved action for the heavy $b$-quark, the tuning of the free parameters to physical $B_{(s)}$ and $B_{(s)}^{*}$ properties requires a large number of correlator fits on each ensemble. This increases the effort in choosing optimal fitting ranges, as well as compounding biases in the choice of range. The use of an automated weighted averaging technique over multiple fitting ranges allows for timely tuning of the $b$-quark and reduces the impact of systematic errors from fitting range biases in calculations of $f_{B}$ and $f_{B_{s}}$.

Speaker: Ms Shanette De La Motte

v2-Weighted-Avg-Shanette-De-La-Motte-Lattice-2021.pdf

312 C7: Temporal Contact Terms in Lattice Feynman-Hellmann Methods

Recently, Feynman-Hellmann methods have been used to calculate four-point functions in lattice QCD, specifically the forward and off-forward Compton amplitudes. However, these calculations are subject to discretisation artifacts from where the two currents are inserted on the same time slice. Here, we discuss the effects of these temporal contact terms, especially their contribution to the "subtraction function", and techniques to remove them.

Speaker: Alec Hannaford Gunn (The University of Adelaide)

Lattice_2021_poster__final_.pdf

313 C8: Advances in lattice hadron physics calculations using the gradient flow

Lattice calculations of hadronic observables are aggravated by short-distance fluctuations. The gradient flow, which can be viewed as a particular realisation of the coarse-graining step of momentum space RG transformations, proves a powerful tool for evolving the lattice gauge field to successively longer length scales for any initial coupling. Already at small flow times we find the signal-to-noise ratio of two- and three-point functions significantly enhanced and the projection onto the ground state largely improved, while the physics is left unchanged. A further benefit is that far fewer conjugate gradient iterations are needed for the Wilson-Dirac inverter to converge. The inverter even converges for $\kappa > \kappa_c$, which allows us to explore the Aoki phase. We expect the effect of renormalisation and mixing to be significantly reduced as well.

Speaker: Dr James Zanotti (University of Adelaide)

Zanotti-poster.pdf

Plenary

Convener: Kari Rummukainen (University of Helsinki)

314 Perspectives on the current status of and future prospects for ML in lattice QFT

The lattice community, and more widely the physics community, has a long track record of using and even building advanced Statistical & Machine Learning tools (e.g. HMC). On the other hand, the Machine Learning, and specifically the Deep Learning, community has itself been seeking inspiration from Physics. Geometry and symmetries are inspiring many ML papers and research directions. Those ideas are often designed for applications to images, sounds or 3D data. As such, they are not usually readily applicable to Lattice QFT and need to be adapted.
In this talk, I wish to show examples of such successful interactions, with a particular emphasis on Lattice. I will highlight both difficulties and opportunities that arise from such interactions.

Speaker: Sebastien Racaniere (DeepMind)

630_W2Pl_Sebastien_Racaniere

Lattice 21 - Sebastien Racaniere - Perspectives on the current status of and future prospects for ML in lattice QFT.pdf

315 QFT Dynamics from CFT Data with Lightcone Conformal Truncation

Using variational methods for QFT at strong coupling is an ancient dream with multiple concrete approaches. We discuss recent work on a particular approach, Lightcone Conformal Truncation, that uses lightcone quantization in infinite volume and a truncated Hilbert space motivated by the conformal symmetry of an ultraviolet fixed point at the upper end of an RG flow containing the QFT of interest.

Speakers: Liam Fitzpatrick (Boston University), Liam Fitzpatrick (Boston University)

639_W2Pl_Liam_Fitzpatrick

LCT-Lattice21-28-7-2021.pdf

316 Gender and racial discrimination in STEM: Intersecting oppressions with multifaceted solutions

The underrepresentation of women and BIPOC individuals in STEM in the U.S. is a well-known and long-standing problem. Among the most robust explanations for this underrepresentation is social and structural bias against non-prototypical members of these fields (e.g., Moss-Racusin et al., 2012). In this talk, I extend what we know about unidimensional gender bias or racial bias in STEM and examine how race and gender intersect and interact to create unique barriers and opportunities for STEM scholars and professionals. I first review research on intersectional bias in STEM at the undergraduate (e.g., Milkman et al., 2015), post-doc (e.g., Eaton et al., 2019), and professorial level (e.g., Mitchneck, 2021), focusing heavily on research on physics and the natural sciences. Next, I discuss the consequences of these biases for the advancement of knowledge and practice, and future directions in intersectional research in STEM. On the basis of these findings and conclusions, I offer solutions to transform organizational climate and culture to create diverse, inclusive, and equitable STEM workforces.

Speaker: Asia Eaton

635_W2Pl_Asia_Eaton

Lattice Field Theory 2021.pdf

317 Wilson award: Maxwell Hansen

Speakers: Kari Rummukainen (University of Helsinki), Maxwell Hansen (The University of Edinburgh (GB))

643_W2Pl_Wilson_Award

Hansen_Slides.pdf

KWLA2021.pdf

318 Group photo on zoom

Discussion/social: In Gather

Discussion/social: Minority Group Breakfast/Elevenses/Lunch/Dinner

Convener: Prof. Christopher Aubin (Fordham University)

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Convener: Yannick Meurice (University of Iowa)

319 Bayesian Optimization for Variational Quantum Eigensolvers

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm used to find the spectrum of a Hamiltonian using the variational method. In particular, this procedure can be used to study LGT in the Hamiltonian formulation. Bayesian Optimization (BO) based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is a powerful algorithm for finding the global minimum of the energy with a very low number of iterations. This work explores some available methods for BO and GPR, and proposes a setup that is specifically tailored to perform VQE with NISQ devices.

Speaker: Giovanni Iannelli (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

Bayesian Optimization for Variational Quantum Eigensolvers

slides.pdf

320 Quantum computing for lattice supersymmetry

Quantum computing allows for the study of real-time dynamics of non-perturbative quantum field theories while avoiding the sign problem in conventional lattice approaches. Current and near-future quantum devices are severely limited by noise, making investigations of simple low-dimensional lattice systems ideal testbeds for algorithm development. Considering simple supersymmetric systems, such as supersymmetric quantum mechanics with different superpotentials, allows for the analysis of phenomena like dynamical supersymmetry breaking. I will present ongoing work applying quantum computing techniques to study such theories, targeting real-time dynamics and supersymmetry breaking effects.

Speaker: Chris Culver (University of Liverpool)

Quantum computing for lattice supersymmetry

susyQC_lattice2021.pdf

321 Dimensional Expressivity Analysis for Parametric Quantum Circuits

In this talk, we will be looking at quantum circuits comprising parametric gates and analyze their expressivity in terms of the space of states that can be generated by a given circuit. In particular, we will be considering parametric quantum circuits (PQCs) for use in variational quantum simulations (VQS). In such a setting, the design of PQCs is subject to two competing drivers. On one hand, the set of states, that can be generated by the PQC, has to be large enough to contain the solution state. Otherwise, we may at best find the best approximation of the solution restricted to the states generated by the chosen PQC. On the other hand, the PQC should contain as few parametric quantum gates as possible to minimize noise from the quantum device. In other words, when designing a PQC we want to ensure that there are no redundant parameters.

In order to address these counteracting effects, I will introduce the notion of dimensional expressivity analysis. The main objective here is to identify independent and redundant parameters in the PQC. Using this information, superfluous parameters can be removed and the dimension of the space of states that are generated by the PQC computed. Knowing the dimension of the physical state space as well, allows us to deduce whether or not the PQC can reach all physical states.

In this talk, we will first discuss the mathematical ideas underpinning the parameter identification. Furthermore, we will discuss how to implement the dimensional expressivity analysis using a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm. This implementation has relatively small overhead costs both for the clasiscal and quantum part of the algorithm and could therefore be used in the future for on-the-fly circuit construction, i.e., allowing for optimized circuits to be used in every loop of a VQS rather than the same PQC for the entire VQS.

Speaker: Tobias Hartung

Dimensional Expressivity Analysis for Parametric Quantum Circuits

322 Improving Schrodinger Equation Implementations with Gray Code for Adiabatic Quantum Computers

We reformulate the continuous space Schrödinger equation in terms of spin Hamiltonians. For the kinetic energy operator, the critical concept facilitating the reduction in model complexity is the idea of position encoding. Binary encoding of position produces a Heisenberg-like model and yields exponential improvement in space complexity when compared to classical computing. Encoding with a binary reflected Gray code, and a Hamming distance 2 Gray code yields the additional effect of reducing the spin model down to the XZ and transverse Ising model respectively. We also identify the bijective mapping between diagonal unitaries and the Walsh series, producing the mapping of any real potential to a series of k-local Ising models through the fast Walsh transform. Finally, in a finite volume, we provide some numerical evidence to support the claim that the total time
needed for adiabatic evolution is protected by the infrared cutoff of the system. As a result, initial state preparation from a free-field wavefunction to an interacting system is expected to exhibit polynomial time complexity with volume and constant scaling with respect to lattice discretization for all encodings. For the Hamming distance 2 Gray code, the evolution starts with the transverse
Hamiltonian before introducing penalties such that the low lying spectrum reproduces the energy levels of the Laplacian. The adiabatic evolution of the penalty Hamiltonian is therefore sensitive to the ultraviolet scale. It is expected to exhibit polynomial time complexity with lattice discretization, or exponential time complexity with respect to the number of qubits given a fixed volume.

Speaker: Chia Cheng Chang (University of California, Berkeley)

Improving Schrodinger Equation Implementations with Gray Code for Adiabatic Quantum Computers

323 Effects of Cosine Tapering Window on Quantum Phase Estimation

We provide a modification to the textbook's quantum phase estimation algorithm (QPEA) inspired on classical windowing methods for spectral density estimation. From this modification we obtain an upper bound in the cost that implies a cubic improvement with respect to the algorithm's error rate. Numerical evaluation of the costs also demonstrate an improvement. Moreover, with similar techniques, we detail an iterative projection method for ground state preparation that gives an exponential improvement over previous bounds using QPEA. Numerical tests that confirm the expected scaling behavior are also obtained. For these numerical tests we have used a Lattice Thirring model as testing ground. The procedures described have the flexibility of allowing product formulas, e.g. Suzuki product expansions, as well as post-Trotter methods for Hamiltonian simulation.

Speaker: Gumaro Rendón

Effects of Cosine Tapering Window on Quantum Phase Estimation

324 Gauge field compression in SU(N) theories and spatial correlations on the lattice

A long standing problem associated with performing lattice gauge theory calculations on GPU hardware is latency for both global memory transfers and MPI data transfers. Mitigating these latencies with data compression techniques can vastly improve the performance of solvers and help to combat strong scaling. In this talk we discuss a new gauge field compression technique in which the SU(N) fields are decomposed into their fundamental representation, and then further compressed using their spatial correlations and the zfp library. Other lattice data types which exhibit spatial correlations can also be compressed in a similar manner with varying efficiency.

Speaker: Dean Howarth (Boston University)

Gauge field compression in SU(N) theories and spatial correlations on the lattice

Lattice2021_DeanHowarth.key

325 Solving DWF Dirac Equation Using Multi-splitting Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient with Tensor Cores on NVIDIA GPUs

We show that using the multi-splitting algorithm as a preconditioner for the domain wall Dirac linear operator, arising in lattice QCD, effectively reduces the inter-node communication cost, at the expense of performing more on-node floating point and memory operations. Correctly including the boundary \textit{snake} terms, the preconditioner is implemented in the QUDA framework, where it is found that utilizing kernel fusion and the tensor cores on NVIDIA GPUs is necessary to achieve a sufficiently performant preconditioner. A reduced-dimension (reduced-$L_s$) strategy is also proposed and tested for the preconditioner. We find the method achieves lower time to solution than regular CG at high node count despite the additional local computational requirements from the preconditioner. This method could be useful for supercomputers with more on-node flops and memory bandwidth than inter-node communication bandwidth.

Speaker: Jiqun Tu (NVIDIA Corporation)

Solving DWF Dirac Equation Using Multi-splitting Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient with Tensor Cores on NVIDIA GPUs

326 State of the art multi-grid algorithms in QUDA

The era of exascale computing enables the generation of ever-finer gauge configurations, capturing gauge-fermion physics with unprecedented accuracy. This approach to the continuum comes with a super-linear increase in the cost of the iterative Krylov solve of the Dirac fermion operator, the phenomena of critical slowing down. Multi-grid methods are the optimal approach to addressing this crisis of cost. In this talk we describe the state-of-the-art implementations of multigrid algorithms for Wilson-clover, HISQ, and domain wall fermions in the QUDA library for GPUs. This will include a discussion of the unique approaches to multigrid for each fermion formulation.

Speaker: Dr Evan Weinberg (NVIDIA)

evan_weinberg_quda_mg.pdf

State of the art multi-grid algorithms in QUDA

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Convener: Gunnar Bali (Universität Regensburg)

327 Scrutinizing QED with massive photons for precision physics

The current precision reached by lattice QCD calculations
of low-energy hadronic observables, requires not only the introduction
of electromagnetic corrections, but also a control over all the potential
systematic uncertainties introduced by the lattice version of QED.
Introducing a massive photon as an infrared regulator in lattice QED, provides a
well defined theory, dubbed QED$_{\textrm{M}}$,
amenable to numerical evaluation.
An interesting feature of QED$_{\textrm{M}}$ is to provide a mass gap,
ensuring that finite volume corrections decay exponentially
with the linear size of the box. The photon mass is removed through
extrapolation. In this contribution we scrutinize aspects of
QED$_{\textrm{M}}$ such as the presence and
fate of the zero modes contributions and we describe
the determination of the photon mass corrections in finite and infinite volume.
We test our findings in a numerical feasibility study presented in the talk by J. Tobias Tsang.

Speaker: Prof. Andrea Shindler (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Physics Department, Michigan State University)

491_W3Sp_Andrea_Shindler

shindler_lat21.pdf

328 QED corrections to QCD quantities using massive photons.

In recent years many QCD observables have reached (sub-)percent level precision. At this level strong ($m_u \neq m_d$) and weak (charges of up, down and strange) isospin breaking effects have to be accounted for. Different methods exist to include QED into lattice QCD simulations. In massive QED (QEDm) the photon is given a mass $m_\gamma$, allowing for a local formulation of QED on the lattice. For the example of the meson and baryon spectrum at a pion mass of 310MeV, we present a feasibility study of massive QED, demonstrating that both the extrapolation to infinite volume and to vanishing photon mass limit are under control.

Speaker: Dr J Tobias Tsang (CP3-Origins, The University of Southern Denmark)

337_W3Sp_J_Tobias_Tsang

TSANG_Lattice21.pdf

329 Properties and ensembles of Stabilised Wilson Fermions

In this contribution we announce the formation of a new initiative to study Stabilised Wilson Fermions (SWF). They are an interesting new avenue for QCD calculations with Wilson fermions and we report results on our continued study of this framework: Tuning the clover improvement coefficient we extend the reach of lattice spacings to $a=0.055,~0.064,~0.080,~0.094,~0.12\,$fm. We further tune their flavor symmetric points $m_\pi=m_K=412\,$MeV and define the trajectories to the physical point by fixing $Tr_M$. Currently our pion mass range extends down to $m_\pi\simeq180-200\,$MeV. Results on control observables, such as the Dirac eigenvalue distribution, reweighting factors, etc., are shown. An accompanying talk by G. Pederiva will focus on spectroscopic observables. Taken together we observe the approach enables us to perform stable lattice simulations across a large range of parameters in mass, volume and lattice spacing.
Pooling resources our new initiative has made our reported progress possible and through it we will share generated gauge ensembles under an open science philosophy.

Speaker: Dr Anthony Francis (Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern)

266_W3Sp_Anthony__Francis

afrancis-lattice-swf.pdf

330 First Results of the Hadron Spectrum from Stabilised Wilson Fermions

We present preliminary results of lattice QCD simulations with dynamical light and strange quarks, all flavors defined using Stabilised Wilson Fermions (SWF). The ensembles are tuned, see the preceding talk by A. Francis, at the flavor symmetric point $m_\pi=m_K=412$ MeV and the physical point is reached keeping fixed the trace of the quark mass matrix. We show a first determination of the hadron spectrum at 3 different lattice spacings ($a = 0.064,0.094,0.12$ fm) and with pion masses ranging in $m_\pi \simeq 200-400$ MeV. This allows a first study of cutoff effects with this new lattice action and serves to check the quality of the action for precision measurements. We also investigate other quantities such as flowed gauge observables to study how the continuum limit is approached under basic conditions.
Our collaboration will share the gauge configurations following an open science philosophy so these results will also serve as benchmarks for future determinations.

Speaker: Giovanni Pederiva (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University)

277_W3Sp_Giovanni_Pederiva

swf-spectroscopy.pdf

331 String breaking in $N_f$=2+1 QCD

We extend our study of the static potential in $N_f$=2+1 QCD to determine its quark mass dependence. We use a set of CLS (Coordinated Lattice Simulations) ensembles at a lattice spacing a=0.064 fm along a chiral trajectory of constant sum of the bare quark masses. The pion masses range from $m_\pi$=420 MeV at the symmetric point down to $m_\pi$=200 MeV. We use a model to parametrize the lowest three static potentials in the region where string breaking occurs due to formation of a pair of static-light or static-strange mesons. We find that the model works very well at all quark masses analyzed and discuss the dependence of its parameters as the quark mass is varied.

Speaker: Francesco Knechtli (Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Germany)

259_W3Sp_Francesco_Knechtli

lat21_knechtli.pdf

332 Computing hybrid static potentials at short quark-antiquark separations from fine lattices in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory

We compute hybrid static potentials in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory at short quark-antiquark separations using four different small lattice spacings as small as 0.04 fm. The resulting static potentials are important e.g. when computing masses of heavy hybrid mesons in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. We also discuss and exclude possible systematic errors from topological freezing, the finite lattice volume and glueball decays.

Speaker: Carolin Schlosser (Goethe University Frankfurt a.M.)

91_W3Sp_Carolin_Schlosser

Lattice2021_Schlosser.pdf

333 Highly excited pure gauge SU(3) flux tubes

Flux tube spectra are expected to have full towers of levels due to the quantization of the string vibrations. We study a spectrum of flux tubes with static quark and antiquark sources with pure gauge SU(3) lattice QCD in 3+1 dimensions up to a significant number of excitations. To go high in the spectrum, we specialize in the most symmetric case $\Sigma_g^+$, use a large set of operators, solve the generalized eigenvalue and compare different lattice QCD gauge actions and anisotropies.

Speaker: Pedro Bicudo (IST Lisboa)

34_W3Sp_Pedro_Bicudo

Talk_conferences_TransverseStringSpectrum .pdf

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Convener: Gergely Endrodi (University of Bielefeld)

334 Lattice study of the confinement/deconfinement transition in rotating gluodynamics

This report is devoted to the study of the influence of relativistic rotation on the confinement/deconfinement transition in gluodynamics within lattice simulation. We perform the simulation in the reference frame which rotates with the system under investigation, where rotation is reduced to external gravitational field. To investigate the confinement/deconfinement transition the Polyakov loop and its susceptibility are calculated for various lattice parameters and the values of angular velocities which are characteristic for heavy-ion collision experiments. Different types of boundary conditions (open, periodic, Dirichlet) are imposed in directions, orthogonal to rotation axis. Our data for the critical temperature are well described by a simple quadratic function $T_c(\Omega)/T_c(0) = 1 + C_2 \Omega^2$ with $C_2>0$ for all boundary conditions and all lattice parameters used in the simulations. From this we conclude that the critical temperature of the confinement/deconfinement transition in gluodynamics increases with increasing angular velocity. This conclusion does not depend on the boundary conditions used in our study and we believe that this is universal property of gluodynamics.

Speaker: Artem Roenko (JINR)

149_W3Th_Artem_Roenko

Roenko_Rotation_LATTICE21.pdf

335 Study of the EoS of dense QCD in an external magnetic field

In this report, we present our results on the lattice study of the EoS of dense
QCD in an external magnetic field. The simulations are performed with
$N_f = 2+1$ rooted dynamical staggered quarks at the physical point.
Finite density is introduced through the imaginary chemical potentials
$\mu_u=\mu_d=\mu_I$, $\mu_s=0$. The EoS is obtained as series with respect
to $\mu$ up to $\mu^6$ term. The dependencies of the expansion
coefficients on the magnetic field are studied.

Speaker: Natalia Kolomoyets (JINR)

516_W3Th_Natalia_Kolomoyets

Kolomoyets-LATTICE21.pdf

336 Lattice QCD in strong magnetic background

In this work we study the properties of $N_f=2+1$ QCD in the presence of a constant background magnetic field, up to unexplored large values of $eB$, by means of lattice Monte Carlo simulations. We investigate the string tension and its asymmetry via the study of the static quark-antiquark potential and of the color flux tube. Moreover, we present preliminary results regarding the QCD phase diagram in this regime.

Speaker: Lorenzo Maio (University of Pisa)

111_W3Th_Lorenzo_Maio

slides_lattice21_Lorenzo_Maio.pdf

337 Lattice QCD with an inhomogeneous magnetic field background

In non-central heavy-ion collisions, the magnetic fields generated are stronger than any ground-based experiments, reaching magnitudes comparable to the strong scale and being highly non-uniform. To study such extreme conditions, we simulate the theory of strong interactions at finite temperature on the lattice, with staggered fermions and an inhomogeneous magnetic background. Just as in the homogeneous case, the magnetic flux is quantized. We calculate the inhomogeneous chiral condensate, susceptibility, Polyakov loop and estimate the size of lattice artifacts. We assume a $1/\cosh^2$ profile for the field, varying its width and amplitude to study the impact on the computed observables. We find that the condensate follows a similar profile as the magnetic field, being enhanced where the field is peaked and decreased towards the tails. These results might contribute to a better understanding of magnetic field-related effects in non-central heavy-ion collisions, as well as of the QCD phase transition

Speaker: Adeilton Dean Marques Valois (University of Bielefeld)

380_W3Th_Adeilton_Dean_Marques_Valois

Software development and Machines

Convener: Peter Boyle (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

338 Preparing for QUDA 2.0

Adapting QUDA for the Exascale, and beyond, means being prepared for a diversity of architectures, parallel abstractions, and new programming paradigms. We report on the rewrite of QUDA in preparation of the 2.0 release, which will embrace all of the above while also significantly streamlining the design process of new kernels for new use cases. We do so without compromising performance, or hampering the ability to do target specialization.

Speaker: Kate Clark (NVIDIA)

621_W3Sd_Kate_Clark

Lattice 2021.pdf

339 Strong scaling RHMC on NVIDIA GPUs

The ability to strong scale is crucial for Lattice QCD simulations. Therefore Lattice QCD has been constantly craving for higher network and memory bandwidths. While never enough well-balanced systems with favorable GPU-to-network ratios are available, e.g. with the Juelich Booster. However, API overheads and necessary synchronizations between GPU and CPU have become prohibitively expensive, not keeping up with generational improvements of GPUs and networks. This limits the ability to strong scale with MPI communication. A shift towards fine-grained GPU-centric communication provides a way out as it completely removes these bottlenecks by moving the communication to the GPU kernels. Since version 1.1 QUDA implements GPU-centric communication for NVIDIA GPUs using NVSHMEM. We will show low-level Dslash results as well as full RHMC scaling results on modern GPU systems like Selene and the Juelich Booster and discuss further expansions of this approach to even more latency-limited algorithms as Multigrid.

Speaker: Mathias Wagner (NVIDIA)

598_W3Sd_Mathias_Wagner

Wagner_QUDA_NVSHMEM_Lattice2021.pdf

340 HotQCD on multi-GPUs

We present HotQCD's software suite for performing lattice QCD calculations on GPUs. Started in late 2017 and intended as a full replacement of the previous single GPU lattice QCD Code used by the HotQCD collaboration, our software suite has been developed into an extensive toolkit for lattice QCD calculations distributed on multiple GPUs over many compute nodes. The code is built on C++, CUDA and MPI and leverages modern C++ language features to provide high level data structures, objects and algorithms that allow users to express lattice QCD calculations in an intuitive way without sacrificing performance. Implemented algorithms range from gradient flow, correlator measurements and mixed precision conjugate gradient solvers all the way to full HISQ gauge field configuration generation using RHMC.
After successful deployment in large scale computing projects, we want to share the result of our efforts with the lattice QCD community. In this talk, we will present some of the key features of our code, demonstrate its ease of use and show benchmarks of performance critical kernels on state-of-the-art supercomputers including Summit and JUWELS Booster.

Speaker: Dennis Bollweg (Bielefeld University)

578_W3Sd_Dennis_Bollweg

dbollweg_lattice.pdf

341 Progress on QDP-JIT: Adding support for AMD GPUs

We report on the progress made on the QDP-JIT library which acts as a drop-in replacement for the QDP++ library which Chroma builds upon. QDP-JIT now targets NVIDIA and AMD GPU machines, like the upcoming Frontier supercomputer, Summit or the new USQCD machine with AMD GPUs at Jefferson Lab. Our new implementation aims to add one missing feature of QDP++: performance.

We use the original type system and operations of QDP++ and have engineered an Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler toolchain based on LLVM for data layout transformations suitable for GPUs. The JIT route also allows us to beneficially specialize kernels on runtime parameters like, e.g., the machine grid and code path. QDP-JIT is fully-featured, has many optimizations built-in and is production-ready for machines of both GPU types.

Speaker: Frank Winter (Jefferson Lab)

323_W3Sd_Frank_Winter

lat21_winter.pdf

342 Large scale dynamical Domain-Wall Fermion simulation on GPUs: Techniques and properties

I will describe the latest dynamical DWF ensemble generation efforts by RBC/UKQCD collaboration, focusing on 96^3x192x12, a ~ 0.07fm, 2+1 flavor ensemble with Iwasaki gauge action at physical point, running on summit machine at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Basic properties of the ensemble as well as some details of the algorithmic improvements will be given.

Speaker: Chulwoo Jung (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

589_W3Sd_Chulwoo_Jung

Lat21_Jung.pdf

343 Implementation of the conjugate gradient algorithm for heterogeneous systems

Lattice QCD calculations require a relevant computational effort and most of the computer time is typically spent in the numerical inversion of the Dirac-Wilson operator. One of the simplest methods to solve large and sparse linear systems is the conjugate gradient (CG). In this work we present an implementation of the CG that can be executed on different devices, including CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs. This is achieved by using SYCL/DPC++ framework, that allows the execution of the same source code on heterogeneous systems.

Speaker: Dr Salvatore Cali (MIT)

311_W3Sd_Salvatore_Cali

lat21_cali.pdf

344 Multigrid solver on Fugaku

We report an implementation of a multigrid solver on supercomputer Fugaku, which uses A64FX cpu with Arm architecture. On Fugaku, a highly optimized BiCGStab solver with domain decomposed preconditionor for Clover fermion, called QCD Wide Simd library (QWS), is available. Multigrid solvers are made from several components so that one can use a part of QWS such as Clover kernel. As the original QWS has a strong constraint on the local lattice volume due to the usage of vector variable, we also use its reimplementation with flexible local volume extension. The code is developed by using Bridge++ code framework and its extension.

Speaker: Dr Kanamori Issaku (RIKEN)

135_W3Sd_Kanamori_Issaku

lattice2021.pdf

345 Lyncs: a Python API for Lattice QCD

We present Lyncs, a Python API for Lattice QCD currently under development. Lyncs aims to bring several widely used libraries for Lattice QCD under a common framework. Lyncs flexibly links to libraries for CPUs and GPUs in a way that can accommodate additional computing architectures as these arise, ensuring performance-portability for the calculations while maintaining the same high-level workflow. Lyncs distributes calculations using Dask and mpi4py, with bindings to the libraries performed automatically via cppyy. While Lyncs is designed to allow linking to multiple libraries, we focus on a set of targeted packages that include c-lime, DDalphaAMG, tmLQCD and quda. The project is open for contributions as these may arise.

Speaker: Simone Bacchio (The Cyprus Institute)

374_W3Sd_Simone_Bacchio

Bacchio_Lyncs-API.pdf

Standard Model Parameters

Convener: William Jay (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)

346 Determination of the light, strange and charm quark masses using twisted mass fermions

We present recent results on quark masses using N_f=2+1+1 clover-improved twisted mass fermion gauge ensembles simulated by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration. The renormalized light, strange and charm quark masses are evaluated in isospin-symmetric QCD and different mesonic and baryonic inputs
are used to set the scale and define the physical point, thus providing a consistency checks on the results.

Speaker: Constantia Alexandrou

quarkmass.pdf

Talk recording

347 Quark mass RG-running for $N_f=3$ QCD in a $\chi$SF setup

We perform the complete non-perturbative running of the quark mass from hadronic to electroweak scales in $N_f = 3$ massless QCD. In the present work we use the same configuration ensembles used for a similar calculation arXiv 1802.05243, subject to Schrödinger Functional (SF) boundary conditions, whereas we use valence quarks with ($\chi$SF) boundary conditions, which results in O(a) improvement for observables after tuning of boundary counterterms. We establish the optimal tuning strategy for the critical hopping parameter $\kappa_{\rm crit}$ and the $\chi$SF boundary counterterm coefficient $z_{\rm f}$. Following the recent Alpha strategy, we work in two different energy regimes: at high energies ($\mu > $~2GeV) we use a SF-type coupling, while at low energies ($\mu < $~2GeV) a Gradient Flow (GF)-type coupling.

Speaker: Ludovica Pirelli (INFN)

talk_ludovica.pdf

Talk recording

348 Operator renormalization $\&$ improvement for $N_f=3$ QCD in a $\chi$SF setup

We present our progress in the non-perturbative $O(a)$ improvement and renormalisation of quark operators in three-flavour lattice QCD with Wilson-clover fermions. We employ the chirally rotated Schroedinger functional scheme in finite volumes. Our calculations cover both weak- and strong-coupling regions for the RG-running, where step scaling functions are computed.

Speaker: Giulia Maria de Divitiis (University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN)

lattice2021.pdf

Talk recording

349 Charm quark mass determination from Nf = 2+1 QCD with Wilson fermions

We have recently performed a determination of the charm quark mass on $N_f = 2+1$ CLS ensembles of non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions. The extrapolation to the chiral and continuum limits is performed using 5 lattice spacings ranging roughly from 0.09 down to 0.04 fm and pion masses from 420 MeV to 130 MeV. The spatial extent of the ensembles is generally at least $4 / M_\pi$. We will present the preliminary results of this analysis for the renormalization-group invariant charm quark mass and the ratio $m_c/m_s$. In this talk, we will discuss the various analysis strategies we considered, including the fitting procedure, corrections for the correlations in the data, and the chiral-continuum extrapolation.

Speaker: Sjoerd Bouma (Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

Lattice_2021_Bouma_Sjoerd.pdf

Talk recording

Hadron Structure

Convener: Luigi Del Debbio (The University of Edinburgh (GB))

350 Precision calculation of the $x$-dependence of PDFs from lattice QCD

In this talk, we present a model-independent calculation of the $x$-dependence of pion valence PDF with the large-momentum effective theory approach. In this calculation we adopt the most up-to-date theoretical developments on the systematic corrections, which include the hybrid renormalization scheme that rigorously renormalizes the lattice matrix elements at both short and long distances, as well as the two-loop matching kernel that allows for direct calculation of the $x$-dependence of the PDF without any model assumption. Therefore, we are able to make predictions for the PDF at $x\in [x_{\rm min}, x_{\rm max}]$ where the systematic uncertainties are under control, which is a firm step towards the stage of precision calculation.

Speaker: Dr Yong Zhao (Argonne National Laboratory)

Lattice2021_yzhao.pdf

Video

351 Valence structure of pion: physical mass, chiral quarks

We study pion valence structure from lattice QCD using three mixed action ensambles including a physical pion mass with fine lattice spacings of a = 0.04, 0.06 and 0.076 fm. Our analysis use ratio-based scheme and hybrid scheme to renormalize the equal-time bilocal quark-bilinear matrix elements. We extract first few moments and reconstruct the x-dependent PDF using NNLO leading-twist perturbative matching formula, and investigate the mass dependence as well as approaching continuum limit. Two Domain-Wall ensembles are used to cross check our estimate.

Speaker: Xiang Gao (Tsinghua University)

268_W3St_Xiang_Gao

Lattice21-Xiang.pdf

352 The transversity PDF of the nucleon using the pseudo-distribution approach

The transversity parton distribution function probes the x-dependent difference between quarks with their spins aligned and anti-aligned with the transverse polarization of the nucleon. The chiral-odd nature of the transversity makes it experimentally harder to extract than unpolarized distributions, thereby making the lattice determination crucial. In this talk, we will present results on the lattice computation of the nucleon transversity PDF using the distillation method and by employing the pseudo-distribution approach on an ensemble with the lattice spacing a=0.094 fm and 358 MeV pion mass.

Speakers: Dr Nikhil Karthik (Jefferson Lab and William & Mary), Nikhil Karthik (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility)

karthik_lattice21.pdf

Video

353 Recent Progress in Lattice Parton Distributions

The large‐momentum effective theory (LaMET) framework has been widely used to determine the Bjorken‐x dependence of PDFs in lattice‐QCD hadron-structure calculations. In this talk, I will highlight selected recent lattice-QCD results on parton distributions from MSULat.
*This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation under grant PHY 1653405 “CAREER: Constraining Parton Distribution Functions for New-Physics Searches” and by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement through the Cottrell Scholar Award ``Unveiling the Three-Dimensional Structure of Nucleons''.

Speaker: Huey-Wen Lin

Video

Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics

Convener: Agostino Patella (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)

354 Nonperturbative infrared finiteness in super-renormalisable scalar quantum field theory

Scalar $\phi^4$ theory in three dimensions with fields in the adjoint of $SU(N)$ is of interest as holographically dual to a model for inflationary cosmology. The theory is perturbatively IR divergent but it was proposed in the past that its dimensionful coupling constant plays the role of the IR regulator nonperturbatively. Using a combination of Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo simulations of the lattice-regularised theory, both frequentist and Bayesian data analysis, and considerations of a corresponding effective theory we gather evidence that this is indeed the case. We will briefly discuss the implications this potentially has for holographic cosmology.

Speaker: Andreas Juttner (University of Southampton (GB))

Lattice21 Juettner.pdf

Video

355 Critical behaviour and phase structure of 3d Scalar+Gauge Field Theories in the adjoint representation

In holographic cosmology, the dual theory may be described by a family of super-renormalisable QFTs in 3 dimensions. In order to obtain cosmological observables, correlators in the massless regime of this QFT are obtained via lattice field theory. Previous work has focused on scalar $\phi^4$ matrix theories in the adjoint representation of SU(N). In this work we present a preliminary exploratory result in the critical behaviour and phase structure of the theory with an SU(N) scalar field coupled to gauge fields by utilising the Heatbath-Overrelaxation (HBOR) algorithm in lattice field theory.

Speaker: Mr Henrique Bergallo Rocha (University of Edinburgh)

Henrique_Lattice2021.pdf

Video

356 Renormalisation of the 3D SU(N) scalar energy-momentum tensor using the Wilson flow

In the holographic approach to cosmology, cosmological observables are described in terms of correlators of a three-dimensional boundary quantum field theory. As a concrete model, we study the 3D massless SU(N) scalar matrix field theory with a $\phi^4$ interaction. On the lattice, the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) in this theory can mix with the operator $\phi^2$. We utilise the Wilson Flow to renormalise the EMT on the lattice, and present numerical results for the mixing coefficient for N=2. Obtaining the renormalised EMT will allow us to make predictions for the CMB power spectra in the regime where the dual QFT is non-perturbative.

Speaker: Joseph Lee (University of Edinburgh)

Lattice2021_JLee.pdf

Video

357 Numerical simulation of self-dual U(1) lattice field theory with electric and magnetic matter

We study a recently proposed formulation of U(1) lattice field theory with electric and magnetic matter based on the Villain formulation. This discretization allows for a duality that gives rise to relations between weak and strong coupling. We use a worldline version of the model to overcome the complex action problem and discuss suitable algorithms for its simulation. We investigate the self-dual point and study the possibility of a spontaneous breaking of self duality.

Speaker: Maria Anosova (University of Graz)

Presentation.pdf

Video

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density and Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Software development and Machines discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Discussion/social: Standard Model Parameters and Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Poster: D1--F10 in Gather Poster Room 2

358 D1: The Evolution of Lattice Field Theory: a Statistical Study

Researchers working in lattice field theory built an established
community since the early 1990s, around the same time when
the arXiv was created. The fact that this field has a specific
arXiv section provides a unique opportunity for a statistical
study of its evolution over the last three decades.
We present data for the annual number of papers and citations,
in total and separated by countries. We compare them to other
arXiv sections (hep-ph, hep-th, cond-mat, nucl-th), and to
socio-economic data for each country involved, like the GDP,
the Education Index and the skilled labor force.

Speaker: Wolfgang Bietenholz (UNAM, Mexico)

poster.pdf

359 D2: Topology of the $O(3)$ non-linear sigma model under the gradient flow

The $O(3)$ non-linear sigma model (NLSM) is a prototypical field theory for QCD and ferromagnetism, featuring topological qualities. Though the topological susceptibility $\chi_t$ should vanish in physical theories, lattice simulations of the NLSM find that $\chi_t$ diverges in the continuum limit. We study the effect of the gradient flow on this quantity using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, finding that a logarithmic divergence persists. This result supports a previous study and indicates that either the definition of topological charge is problematic or the NLSM has no well-defined continuum limit. We also introduce a $\theta$-term and analyze the topological charge as a function of $\theta$ under the gradient flow.

Speaker: Stuart Thomas (William & Mary)

main.pdf

360 D3: Calculation of the Fermi Velocity renormalization in graphene

Application of Hybrid Monte Carlo technique allowed us to perform the simulations of electronic properties of suspended graphene at large enough lattices to directly observe the infrared renormalization of the Fermi Velocity for the first time in non-perturbative Quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We compared the results with experiment, and demonstrated the agreement in the specific case, when short-range electron-electron interactions are taken from cRPA approximation. Comparison of HMC data with perturbative calculations made within the Lattice Perturbation Theory (LPT) and in continuum QED demonstrates the importance of lattice-scale physics for the quantitative description of the Fermi Velocity renormalization. We also discuss the role of the higher-order perturbative corrections beyond RPA level.

Speaker: Dr Maksim Ulybyshev (University of Wuerzburg)

Poster_Ulybyshev.pdf

361 D10: Measuring charged particle polarizabilities on the lattice without background fields

We show how to compute electromagnetic polarizabilities of charged hadrons on the lattice without using background fields. The low-energy behavior of the Compton scattering amplitude is matched to matrix elements of current-current four point functions. Working in momentum space, formulas for electric polarizability and magnetic polarizability are derived for both charged pion and proton. Lattice four-point correlation functions are constructed from quark and gluon fields to be used in Monte-Carlo simulations. The content of the functions is assessed in detail and specific prescriptions are given to isolate the polarizabilities.

Speakers: Frank Lee (George Washington University), Walter Wilcox (Baylor University)

LatticePolarizabilityPoster5.pdf

362 D4: Grid on QPACE 4

In 2020 we deployed QPACE 4, which features 64 Fujitsu A64FX model FX700 CPUs interconnected by InfiniBand EDR. QPACE 4 runs an open-source software stack. For LQCD simulations we ported the Grid LQCD framework to support the Arm Scalable Vector Extension (SVE). In this contribution we discuss our SVE port of Grid, the status of SVE compilers and the performance of Grid. We also present the benefits of an alternative data layout of complex numbers for the Domain Wall operator.

Speaker: Nils Meyer (University of Regensburg)

poster.pdf

363 D5: Grid: OneCode and FourAPIs

We discuss the status, portability and performance of the Grid package for lattice QCD. Accelerated computing nodes are increasingly common and increasingly varied. Programming for all of them is a considerable pain that gets in the way of science. A major update to Grid abstracts the differences and will run well with single source code on SIMD CPUs and on CUDA, HIP and SyCL suitable for Nvidia, AMD and Intel GPUs. Performance results are presented.

Speaker: Azusa Yamaguchi (Edinburgh University)

Lattice2021_yamaguchi.pdf

364 D6: Is there gender/race bias in hep-lat publications?

In this work, we take all the papers since 2000 that are classified as primary hep-lat to study whether there is any race or gender bias in the journal-publication process. We implement machine learning to predict the race and gender of authors based on their names, and look for measurable differences between publication outcomes based on author category.
We would like to invite discussion on how journals can make improvements in the near future and how institutions or grant offices should account for these publication differences in gender and race.

Speaker: Huey-Wen Lin

Is there any gender/race bias in hep-lat primary publication? Machine-Learning Evaluation of Author Ethnicity and Gender

Lattice2021_Publication-ML.v2.pdf

365 D7: $B_s \to D^{(*)}_s$ form factors from lattice QCD with ${\rm N_f}=2$ Wilson-clover quarks

We report on a two-flavor lattice QCD determination of the $B_s \to D_s$
and $B_s \to D^*_s$ transitions, which in the heavy quark limit can be
parameterized by the form factors ${\cal G}$, and $h_{A_1}$, $h_{A_2}$ and
$h_{A_3}$. In the search of New Physics through tests of lepton-flavour
universality, $B_s$ decay channels are complementary to $B$ decays and
widely studied at $B$ factories and LHCb. The purpose of our study is to
explore a suitable method to extract form factors associated with $b \to c$
currents from lattice QCD. In particular, we present numerical results for
${\cal G}$ and $h_{A_1}$.

Speaker: Jan Neuendorf (Universität Münster / Université Paris-Saclay)

posterlandscape.pdf

366 D8: Evaluation of OpenMP for Portable CPU and GPU Programming with GridMini

OpenMP has been the programming model of choice for shared-memory parallelism on multi-/many-core CPUs for a long time. Recent additions to the OpenMP standard have also enabled the support for offloading certain computations to compute accelerators such as GPUs. This potentially allows us to have a single code written with OpenMP directives that can be executed on both CPU and CPU+GPU platforms. We evaluate the OpenMP offloading features in the context of GridMini, a set of mini-benchmarks based on the Grid C++ lattice QCD library. We will discuss our experience with porting GridMini to NVIDIA, AMD and Intel GPUs using OpenMP. Preliminary benchmark performances will also be presented.

Speaker: Meifeng Lin (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

QCD-Offloading_Lattice2021.pdf

367 D9: Use tensor cores to accelerate math intensive kernels in QUDA

We will present our recent efforts on using tensor cores, which are available on NVIDIA GPUs starting from the Volta architecture, to speed up the math intensive kernels in QUDA. A light-weighted abstraction of the CUDA PTX matrix multiply-add (MMA) instruction is added in order to efficiently stage data through the different layers of GPU memory. Specifically the efforts include:

• Use tensor cores to accelerate the 5th dimension DWF operators in the multi-splitting preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, utilizing the HMMA tensor core instruction;
• Use tensor cores to accelerate the dense matrix multiplications in the set up steps in multi-grid;
• Use tensor cores to accelerate the math intensive multi-BLAS kernels;
• Use double precision DMMA instruction to accelerate the contraction workflow.

Speaker: Jiqun Tu (NVIDIA Corporation)

poster.pdf

368 E10: Machine learning approaches to the QCD transition

We study the high temperature transition in pure $SU(3)$ gauge theory and in full QCD with 3D-convolutional neural networks trained as parts of either unsupervised or semi-supervised learning problems. Pure gauge configurations are obtained with the MILC public code and full QCD are from simulations of $N_f = 2+1+1$ Wilson fermions at maximal twist. We discuss the capability of different approaches to identify different phases using as input the configurations of Polyakov loops. To better expose fluctuations, a standardized version of Polyakov loops is also considered.

Speaker: Andrea Palermo (University of Florence and INFN florence)

Lattice2021_Palermo.pdf

369 E1: Effective $Z_3$ model for finite density QCD with tensor networks

The tensor renormalization group is a promising numerical method used to study lattice statistical field theories. However, this approach has been prohibitively expensive in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions until recently. Here we use relatively new tensor renormalization group methods to study an effective three-dimensional $Z_3$ model for the heavy-quark, high-temperature, strong-coupling limit of single-flavor 3+1 dimensional quantum chromodynamics. Our results are cross-checked using worm Monte Carlo. We present the phase diagram of the model through the measurement
of the Polyakov loop, the nearest-neighbor Polyakov loop correlator, and their susceptibilities. The tensor renormalization group results are in good agreement with the literature.

Speaker: Judah Unmuth-Yockey (Fermi National Laboratory)

Z3_poster.pdf

370 E2: Tensor network formulation of massless lattice Schwinger model

We construct a tensor network representation of the partition function
for the massless Schwinger model on a two dimensional lattice using staggered fermions. The tensor network representation
allows us to include a topological term. Using a particular
implementation of the tensor renormalization group (HOTRG) we calculate the phase diagram of the
theory. For a range of values of the coupling to the topological term $\theta$ and the gauge coupling $\beta$ we compare with results from
hybrid Monte Carlo when possible and find good agreement.

Speaker: Dr Nouman Butt (Argonne National Laboratory)

poster.pdf

371 E3: Field-Transformation HMC algorithm

We report our implemenation of the Field-Transformation HMC algorithm following Luescher's paper "Trivializing maps, the Wilson flow and the HMC algorithm". This algorithm has similar effects as the Riemannian Manifold HMC (RMHMC) algorithm. Comparing with the original HMC algorithm, improvement on the topology tunneling rate is observed when generating the pure gauge configurations.

Speaker: Luchang Jin

Field_Transformation_HMC_algorithm.pdf

372 E4: Performance of several Lanczos eigensolvers with HISQ fermions

Recent improvements in the numerical lattice simulation have been achieved by making use of the eigenvalue spectrum of the lattice Dirac operator or its variants. The Lanczos algorithm has been employed for that purpose, and the lattice community has studied its improvements with different approaches. We investigate state-of-the-art Lanczos eigensolvers available in the Grid and the QUDA libraries, which include Implicitly Restarted Lanczos, Multi-Grid Lanczos (or Local Coherence Lanczos), Block Lanczos, and Thick Restarted Lanczos. We measure and analyze their performances with the HISQ Dirac operator.

Speaker: Hwancheol Jeong (Indiana University)

E4-Hwancheol_Jeong.pdf

373 E5: Pion and Kaon form factors using twisted-mass fermions

We present a calculation of the pion and kaon form factors and generalized form factors using matrix elements of local operators. We use an ensemble of two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark (Nf=2+1+1) of maximally twisted mass fermions with clover improvement. The quark masses are chosen so that they reproduce a pion mass of about 260 MeV, and a kaon mass of 530 MeV. The lattice spacing of the ensemble is 0.093 fm and the lattice has a spatial extent of 3 fm. We analyze several values of the source-sink time separation within the range of 1.12 − 2.23 fm to study and eliminate excited-states contributions. We compare the results for the pion and kaon to assess the level of the SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking.

Speaker: Joseph Delmar (Temple University)

Lattice_2021_poster_final.pdf

374 E6: x-dependence of twist-3 GPDs from lattice QCD

"Calculating the x-dependence of PDFs and GPDs from lattice QCD has become feasible in the last years due to novel approaches. In this work, we employ the quasi-distributions method, which relies on matrix elements of non-local operators, matched to the light-cone distributions using Large Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET). In this presentation, we focus on results for the first-ever lattice QCD calculation of twist-3 GPDs. The calculation is performed using one ensemble of two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark ($N_f=2+1+1$) of maximally twisted mass fermions with a clover term, reproducing a pion mass of 260 MeV."

Speaker: Jack Dodson (Temple University)

LatticeConf_Dodson(1).pdf

375 E7: Efficiency Study of Overrelaxation and Stochastic Overrelaxation Algorithms for SU(3) Landau Gauge-Fixing

As part of our study of two-point functions in SU(3) lattice gauge theory, we have carried out a comparative analysis of Landau Gauge Fixing algorithms, which complements similar existing studies for the SU(2) case. We present the results of our optimization analysis for the Landau Gauge Fixing overrelaxation and stochastic overrelaxation algorithms. By studying the distribution of necessary sweeps for gauge-fixing of a sample of configurations, we obtain the optimal choice of parameters for these algorithms, as well as their dynamical critical exponent. Finally, we also compare the overall time performance and gauge-fixing quality between the considered algorithms.

Speaker: Jesuel Marques Leal Junior (University of São Paulo)

EfficiencyStudyofOverrelaxationandStochasticOverrelaxationAlgorithmsforSU(3)LandauGaugeFixing.pdf

376 E8: Short-distance nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double beta decay

Neutrinoless double beta decay is a long-sought after process which would provide evidence of lepton number violation in our universe. Computing the rate from first principles requires non-perturbative input in the form of a nuclear matrix element which must be computed on the lattice. This poster will discuss the contribution to this matrix element from short-distance, dimension-9 operators. I will present the methods used to perform the computation, and show some preliminary results in which we evaluate this matrix element on an ensemble of domain-wall fermions for the unphysical $\pi^-\rightarrow \pi^+ e^- e^-$ decay.

Speaker: Patrick Oare (MIT)

lattice_2021_poster.pdf

377 E9: Lattice artefacts on the Landau gauge gluon propagator from hypercubic tensor representations

Lattice tensor representations are used to investigate the lattice Landau gauge gluon propagator for the 4-dimensional, pure SU(3) Yang-Mills gauge theory.
Due to the different symmetry structure of hypercubic lattices compared to the continuum space-time, lattice correlation functions are described by different tensor structures. Therefore, form factors describing lattice correlation functions have, in principle, non-trivial relations with the continuum counterparts. The use of several tensor bases respecting lattice symmetries, and the analysis of its completeness allows to quantify the deviations of the lattice results from the continuum theory due to the lattice artefacts, and also estimate the theoretical uncertainty in the propagator. Furthermore, our analysis tests continuum based relations with the lattice data and shows that the lattice Landau gauge gluon propagator is suitably described by a unique form factor, as in the continuum formulation.
Additionally, we identified classes of kinematic configurations where these deviations are minimal and the continuum description of lattice tensors is improved.

Speaker: Guilherme Catumba (IFIC - Valencia)

poster.pdf

378 F1: Neural Network Preconditioning for U(1) Wilson-type Dirac Operators

We report progress in preconditioning Wilson-type Dirac operators in 1+1 dimensional U(1) lattice field theory using a neural network. We have developed a convolutional network that produces a preconditioner of comparable sparsity to the input operator. Once the model is trained, applying it to produce preconditioners is computationally cheap; with an optimized implementation, the neural network approach may provide a practical improvement over algebraic multigrid-based preconditioning, since the network is cheaper to apply and tends to produce much sparser preconditioners compared to AMG. So far, we have achieved a consistent reduction in iteration count during the solution of Dirac-operator linear systems using the conjugate gradient algorithm. Furthermore, the purely convolutional network architecture generalizes well across lattice volumes.

Speakers: Brian Xiao (MIT), Yin Lin (University of Chicago)

lqcd_poster_final.pdf

379 F2: (2+1+1)-flavor QCD equation of state on coarse lattices

We present recent results on the QCD equation of state (EoS) with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ). The EoS is calculated with high statistics on lattices with temporal extent $N_\tau=6$ and $8$. The available temperature range extends up to about 960 MeV. The strange and charm quark masses are tuned to the physical values while the light quark mass corresponds to the pion mass of about 300 MeV in the continuum limit.

Speaker: Dr Johannes Heinrich Weber (Humboldt University of Berlin)

lat2021_eos_poster.pdf

380 F3: Bottomonium spectral widths at non-zero temperature using maximum likelihood

We study the spectrum of the bottomonium system at non-zero temperature using the NRQCD approximation. A maximum likelihood method is used with a Gaussian ansatz for the ground state spectral contribution rather than the traditional delta function. This gives access to the state’s width. We apply this approach to the FASTSUM’s anisotropic ensembles and compare results for the ground state masses and widths for S- and P-wave states with those from other methods.

Speaker: Thomas Spriggs (Swansea University)

Thomas_Spriggs_lattice_21_nrqcd_poster.pdf

381 F4: HMC with Normalizing Flows

We propose using Normalizing Flows as a trainable kernel within the molecular dynamics update of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). By learning (invertible) transformations that simplify our dynamics, we can outperform traditional methods at generating independent configurations. We show that, using a carefully constructed network architecture, our approach can be easily scaled to large lattice volumes with minimal retraining effort.

Speaker: Sam Foreman (Argonne National Laboratory)

hmc_nflows_foremans_poster_2021-07-12.pdf

382 F5: Electromagnetic effects in charged pion decay

Using simulations in QCD+QED we investigate electromagnetic corrections to charged pion decay. We calculate pion-muon three-point functions, and analyze the dependence on time and momentum transfer to investigate the interplay between the strong, weak and electromagnetic effects.

Speaker: Paul Rakow (University of Liverpool)

rakow_lat21_land.pdf

383 F6: Machine Learning versus Critical Slowing Down: Investigations into Sampling with Machine-Learned Trivializing Maps

General-purpose Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms suffer from a dramatic reduction in efficiency as the system being studied is driven towards a critical point through, for example, taking the continuum limit. Recently, a series of seminal studies suggested that normalizing flows - a class of deep generative models - can form the basis of a sampling strategy that does not suffer from this 'critical slowing down'. The central idea is to use machine learning techniques to build (approximate) trivializing maps, i.e. field transformations that map the theory of interest into a 'simpler' theory in which the degrees of freedom decouple. These trivializing maps provide a representation of the theory in which all its non-trivial aspects are encoded within an invertible transformation to a set of field variables whose statistical weight in the path integral is given by a distribution from which sampling is easy. No separate process is required to generate 'training data' for such models, and convergence to the desired distribution is guaranteed through a reweighting procedure such as a Metropolis test.

From a theoretical perspective, this approach has the potential to become more efficient than traditional sampling, since the statistical efficiency of the sampling algorithm is decoupled from the correlation length of the system. The caveat to all of this is that, somehow, the costs associated with the highly non-trivial task of sampling from the path integral of an interacting field theory are transferred to the training of a model to perform this transformation. We have been investigating various schemes, based on normalizing flows, for building efficient representations of trivializing maps for $\phi^4$ theory, and (more recently) $O(N)$ non-linear $\sigma$ models. The 'naive' approach to training such models appears to suffer from an analogue of critical slowing down which unfortunately limits the scalability of this technique, although we are optimistic about the possibility of improving this situation.

Speaker: Joe Marsh Rossney (University of Edinburgh)

poster.pdf

384 F7: Strategies for Quantum-Accelerated Interpolator Construction in Classical Simulations of Lattice Field Theories

Interpolator constructions are a requisite tool for calculations in lattice quantum field theory. Better interpolating constructions lead to ground state dominance at earlier times, and thus less noise, making computations cheaper computationally. Various classical-computing methods exist to optimize interpolator constructions. In this work, we show that optimal interpolator constructions can be determined in a small-scale quantum simulation. We use a small-scale quantum Hamiltonian simulation of the Schwinger model to variationally optimize an interpolator construction for a vector meson state in the theory, and then employ that construction in a classical path-integral Monte-Carlo calculation, where systematically improvable continuum-limit scaling is possible.

Speaker: Artur Avkhadiev (MIT)

avkhadiev_poster.pdf

385 F8: Algebraic Spectroscopy of Frequency Space Correlation Functions

Lattice Field Theory correlation functions are usually difficult to model in momentum space. As a result, fitting to a sum of poles in frequency space can be preferable especially when the signal contains an additive constant as this constant is isolated in the zero-frequency mode. To help model the spectroscopy in frequency space, we implemented a black-box method that we call rational approximation, in which we parameterize the function into an over-constrained matrix equation and represent it as a sum of a finite number of poles parametrized by pole energies and their corresponding residues. Using linear least squares, chi-square tests, and information criteria to find optimal fits, we present results for example correlation function data.

Speaker: Sebastian Tsai (Yale University)

386 F9: Finite Volume Study of Flavor Singlet Scalar Meson in SU(3) Nf=8 Gauge Theory

There are several examples of light flavor-singlet scalar mesons in near-conformal gauge theories, including SU(3) $N_f=8$ gauge theory. We present a finite volume study of the scalar mass and scalar decay constant.

Speaker: George Fleming (Yale University)

LSD_Poster.pdf

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Convener: Masafumi Fukuma (Kyoto University)

387 Toward dense QCD in quantum computers

Lattice QCD at nonzero baryon density is a big challenge in hadron physics. In this talk, I discuss the quantum computation of lattice gauge theory at nonzero density. I present some results of a benchmark test based on the quantum variational algorithm.

Speaker: Arata Yamamoto (University of Tokyo)

20210728MIT.pdf

555_W4Al_Arata_Yamamoto

388 Model Independent Error Mitigation in Parametric Quantum Circuits and Depolarizibility of Quantum Noise

Finding ground states and low-lying excitations of Hamiltonians is one of the most important problems that can be solved with near-term quantum computers. It can be utilized in fields ranging from optimization over chemistry and material science to particle physics. In this work, we propose an efficient error mitigation scheme that is independent of the Hamiltonian and the concrete noise model, applicable to low-depth quantum circuits as they occur in Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQE). In principle, our method can eliminate all systematic errors by exploring the depolarizibility of quantum noise up to certain approximations. We carry out both classical simulations and experiments on the IBM's quantum hardware, to illustrate the performance of the method by computing the mass gap of transversal Ising model and extracting its the zero-temperature critical point.

Speaker: Xiaoyang Wang (Peking University)

247_W4Al_Xiaoyang_Wang

Lattice2021.pdf

389 Propagator generation with Chroma+QUDA for various fermion actions

We will present how to calculate propagators on Chroma+QUDA with overlap, HISQ (highly improved staggered quark) and twisted-mass fermion actions. Those actions are not fully supported before and now most of the actions can be used in Chroma framework efficiently. The multi-grid speed-up for the HISQ and Twisted mass actions using QUDA will also be presented.

Speaker: Kuan Zhang (Institute of Theoretical Physics，Chinese Academy of Sciences)

440_W4Al_Kuan_Zhang

Propagator generation with Chroma+QUDA for various fermion actions .pdf

390 A new technique for solving the freezing problem in the complex Langevin simulation of 4D SU(2) gauge theory with a theta term

We apply the complex Langevin method (CLM) to overcome the sign problem in 4D SU(2) gauge theory with a theta term extending our previous work on the 2D U(1) case. The topology freezing problem can be solved by using open boundary conditions in all spatial directions, and the criterion for justifying the CLM is satisfied even for large $\theta$ as far as the lattice spacing is sufficiently small. However, we find that the CP symmetry at $\theta=\pi$ remains to be broken explicitly even in the continuum and infinite-volume limits due to the chosen boundary conditions. In particular, this prevents us from investigating the interesting phase structure suggested by the 't Hooft anomaly matching condition. We also try the so-called subvolume method, which turns out to have a similar problem. We therefore discuss a new technique within the CLM, which enables us to circumvent the topology freezing problem without changing the boundary conditions.

Speaker: Mr Akira Matsumoto (SOKENDAI)

370_W4Al_Akira_Matsumoto

LATTICE2021.pdf

391 Machine learning Hadron Spectral Functions in Lattice QCD

Hadron spectral functions are important quantities as they carry all the information of hadrons. Unfortunately they cannot be computed directly on the lattice, and can only be extracted from Euclidean two-point temporal correlation functions which are directly computable in lattice QCD. The extraction of spectral functions from correlation functions is an inverse problem, and the most commonly used method is the maximum entropy method (MEM). The MEM is an iterative method, and its resulting spectral function depends on the input prior information of the spectral function. On the other hand, the variation autoencoder (VAE) is a type of neural network that learns to reproduce its input mapping it to a latent space. Thus, VAE can naturally be used for solving inverse problems. Here, in this talk we propose a modified version of VAE, in which the Shannon-Jaynes entropy term is added to the loss function fixing the input training spectral function as the prior information. We prove that such a setup of the neural network guarantees the unique solutions of spectral functions with a fixed combination of encoder and decoder. During the training process we use general spectral functions produced from the Gaussian mixture model. As a test, we use both correlators generated from physically motivated spectral functions having the form of one resonance peak with a continuum term, and those computed from the NRQCD. We will discuss the dependence of output spectral functions on the number of data points in temporal correlation functions, and make comparisons with results obtained from the MEM.

Speaker: Chen ShiYang

554_W4Al_Chen_ShiYang

Machine learning Hadron Spectral Functions.pdf

392 A universal neural network for learning phases and criticalities

A universal supervised neural network (NN) relevant to study phase transitions
is constructed. The validity of the built NN is examined by applying it to
calculate the criticalities of several three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) models including the 3D classical $O(3)$ model, the 3D 5-state ferromagnetic Potts model, a 3D dimerized quantum antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model as well as the 2D $XY$ model. Particularly, while the considered NN is only trained once on a one-dimensional (1D) lattice with 120 sites, it has successfully determined the related critical points of the studied 3D and 2D systems with high accuracy. Moreover, the employed configurations for the prediction are constructed on a 1D lattice of 120 sites as well. As a result, our calculations are ultimately efficient in computation and the applications of the built NN is extremely broaden.

Speaker: Prof. Fu-Jiun Jiang (National Taiwan Normal University)

330_W4Al_Fu-Jiun_Jiang

universal.pdf

393 A novel method to evaluate real-time path integral for scalar phi^4 theory

We present a novel method to evaluate the real-time path integral for 1+1 dimensional real scalar phi^4 theory. The method can be combined with tensor network coarse-graining schemes. As a demonstration we will show numerical results of two-point correlator in a small lattice.

Speaker: Dr SHINJI TAKEDA (Kanazawa university)

125_W4Al_SHINJI_TAKEDA

20210729_takeda.pdf

394 Novel Algorithms for Computing Correlation Functions of Large Nuclei

This work seeks to enable more detailed numerical probes into nuclear structure using the standard model through lattice QCD. The computational cost required to compute nuclear correlations functions grows exponentially in the number of quarks, leaving the study of many large nuclear bound states inaccessible. However, these tensor expressions exhibit a high degree of permutation symmetry that can be exploited either a priori or ad hoc to reduce computational work. After outlining the novel aspects of two new algorithms, we present a cost comparison and find promising speeds-ups for certain choices of interpolating operators. We further present a pathway to apply the new approaches to systems of current and future interest.

Speaker: Nabil Humphrey (University of Adelaide)

352_W4Al_Nabil_Humphrey

NuclearCorrelatorsPres.pdf

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Convener: Ross Young

395 Precise $I=3/2$ and $I=0$ meson-baryon scattering amplitudes from an $N_{\rm f}=2+1$ CLS ensemble at $m_{\pi} = 200{\rm MeV}$

A high-statistics computation of meson-baryon scattering amplitudes is presented on a single ensemble from the Coordinated Lattice Simulations (CLS) consortium with $m_{\pi}=200{\rm MeV}$ and $N_{\rm f} = 2+1$ dynamical fermions. The finite-volume approach is employed to determine the lowest few partial waves from ground and excited state energies computed by solving the Generalized Eigenvalue Problem. This analysis requires matrices of correlation functions between single- and two-hadron interpolating operators which are projected onto definite spatial momenta and finite-volume irreducible representations using the stochastic LapH approach to quark propagation. Results are presented for the $I=3/2$ $p$-wave amplitude which includes the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance and the $I=0$ $s$-wave amplitude with unit strangeness relevant for the $\Lambda(1405)$.

Speakers: Colin Morningstar (Carnegie Mellon University), Colin Morningstar (Carnegie Mellon University)

414_W4Sp_Colin_Morningstar

Lattice2021.pdf

396 Infinite Volume Reconstruction Method QED Pion Mass Corrections on the Lattice

We use the Infinite Volume Reconstruction Method to calculate the charged/neutral pion mass difference. The hadronic tensor is calculated on lattice QCD and then combined with an analytic photon propagator, and the mass shift is calculated with exponentially-suppressed finite volume errors. In this talk we discuss the Feynman diagrams relevant to the pion mass difference and we recapitulate the advantages of the Infinite Volume Reconstruction Method. We then discuss finite volume errors and the extrapolation to the continuum limit $a\rightarrow0$.

Speakers: Michael Riberdy (University of Connecticut), Luchang Jin

310_W4Sp_Michael_Riberdy

Pion Mass Difference From Lattice QCD

397 Determining properties of hyperons

Hyperon physics is expected to play a role in neutron stars, where the extreme neutron degeneracy pressure could push neutrons into hyperons; indeed, the composition of neutron stars contributes to the "softness" or "stiffness" of the equation of state, therefore setting limits on the possible sizes and masses of neutron stars. In this talk, I will present calculations of hyperonic observables, in particular the axial charges and masses. This work is based on a particular formulation of an SU(2) chiral perturbation theory for hyperons; determining the extent to which this effective field theory converges is instrumental in understanding the limits of its predictive power, especially since some hyperonic observables are difficult to calculate near the physical pion mass (eg, hyperon-to-nucleon form factors) and must be determined via an extrapolation to the physical point instead.

Speaker: Nolan Miller (University Of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

470_W4Sp_Nolan_Miller

presentation.pdf

398 Low-lying Odd-parity Nucleon Resonances via Hamiltonian Effective Field Theory

Recent lattice QCD results for the first two low-lying odd-parity excitations of the nucleon have revealed that they have magnetic moments consistent with constituent-quark-model expectations. Thus, in constructing a basis of states to describe scattering in this channel, one should not represent both odd-parity excitations by a single three-quark basis state. Two single-particle basis states are required to accommodate these two quark-model-like states. This contrasts previous studies where it has been assumed that both low-lying negative-parity states observed on the lattice are part of the finite-volume spectrum associated with the N(1535) resonance. Using Hamiltonian Effective Field Theory (HEFT), we represent these constituent-quark-like states by including two single-particle basis states in the Hamiltonian, mixing through meson-baryon scattering channels. By constraining the parameters of HEFT using S-wave pion-Nucleon scattering data, we perform the first calculation of the finite-volume energy spectrum for this system using multiple single-particle basis states.

Speaker: Curtis Abell (University of Adelaide)

Hadron Structure

Convener: James Zanotti (University of Adelaide)

399 x-dependence reconstruction of pion and kaon PDFs from Mellin moments

We present a calculation of the connected-diagram contributions to the
first three non-trivial Mellin moments for the pion and kaon extracted
directly in lattice QCD using local operators with up to 3 covariant
derivatives. We reconstruct the $x$-dependence of the pion and kaon
PDFs via fits to our results. We find that the reconstruction is
feasible and that our lattice data favor a large $x$-dependence that
falls as $(1-x)^2$ for both the pion and kaon PDFs. We integrate the
reconstructed PDFs to extract the higher moments with $4\leq n\leq 6$.
Finally, we compare the pion and kaon PDFs, as well as the ratios of
their moments, to address the effect of SU(3) flavor symmetry
breaking. We use one ensemble of gauge configurations with two
degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark ($N_f=2+1+1$) of
maximally twisted mass fermions with clover improvement. The ensemble
reproduces a pion mass $\sim260$ MeV, and a kaon mass $\sim530$ MeV.

Speaker: Colin Lauer (Temple University)

468_W4St_Colin_Lauer

LATTICE2021_Talk.pdf

400 Semileptonic decays of heavy baryons to negative-parity baryons

The hadronic physics of the simplest semileptonic decays of $\Lambda_b$'s and $\Lambda_c$'s, in which both the initial and final baryons have $J^P=\frac12^+$, is by now quite well understood. We have begun exploring more complicated processes with $J^P=\frac12^-$ and $J^P=\frac32^-$ baryons in the final state, which have a rich phenomenology but are more challenging for theory and experiment. We present our predictions for these decays and discuss how they compare with quark models, heavy-quark effective theory, zero-recoil sum rules, and experimental measurements.

Speaker: Prof. Stefan Meinel (University of Arizona)

461_W4St_Stefan_Meinel

Lattice_2021_Meinel.pdf

401 Self-Renormalization of Quasi-Light-Front Correlators on the Lattice

Large-momentum effective theory provides a way to extract the parton physics from lattice data based on first-principle calculation. In applying large-momentum effective theory, renormalization of
the Euclidean correlators in lattice regularization is a challenge due to
linear divergences in the self-energy of Wilson lines.
Based on lattice QCD matrix elements of the quasi-PDF operator at lattice spacing $a$= 0.03 fm $\sim$ 0.12 fm with clover and overlap valence quarks on staggered and domain-wall sea, we design a strategy to disentangle the divergent renormalization factors from finite physics matrix elements, which can be matched to a continuum scheme at short distance such as dimensional regularization and minimal subtraction. Our results
indicate that the renormalization factors are universal in the hadron state matrix elements. Moreover, the physical matrix elements appear independent of the valence fermion formulations.
These conclusions remain valid even with HYP smearing which reduces the statistical errors albeit reducing control of the renormalization procedure.
Moreover, we find a large non-perturbative effect in the popular RI/MOM and
ratio renormalization scheme, suggesting favor of the hybrid renormalization procedure proposed recently. We show the unpolarized isovector nucleon PDF calculated under hybrid renormalization scheme in comparison with other schemes. The hybrid renormalization scheme can give a better prediction for the negative $x$ region (the antimatter region), which is consistent with the antimatter asymmetry measured by experiments.

Speaker: Yushan Su (University of Maryland)

536_W4St_Yushan_Su

Self-Renormalization at Lattice2021.pdf

402 Composition of the inclusive semi-leptonic decay of B meson

Utilizing the approach recently proposed for the inclusive semi-leptonic decay rate on the lattice, we compute the differential decay rate of a B_s meson for various kinematical channels. The results are compared with the contributions from the ground states (D and D) as well as from the orbitally excited states (D*'s). The computation so far is carried out with an unphysically light bottom quark and strange spectator quark.

Speaker: Shoji Hashimoto (KEK)

328_W4St_Shoji_Hashimoto

composition of inclusive.pdf

403 Neutrino-nucleon inclusive scattering cross sections on the lattice

We compute the inclusive neutrino-nucleon scattering cross sections from
the first principles of QCD. This is highly relevant to the recent and
future $\nu-N$ scattering experiments , whose energy regime is excessively low
for the perturbative analysis to hold. We use a technique recently
proposed
to treat the inclusive contributions on the lattice. We compute the
forward Compton-scattering amplitude on the
lattice where all intermediate states contribute.
Total cross section is then constructed by multiplying the phase space
factor and integrating over the energy and momentum of final
states. By promoting the phase space factor to an operator, the energy
integral and the sum over intermediate states is represented by a series
of correlators in Chebyshev basis.
In this talk we conduct a series of tests showing the validity of the
methodology,
tracking the changes in the shape of smeared kernel functions according
to the smearing width and to the order of Chebyshev approximation, and
check the consistency with phenomenological analyses.

Speaker: Jun-Sik Yoo (KEK, Japan)

341_W4St_Jun-Sik_Yoo

Presentation_Lattice2021.pdf

404 The qqbar potential from Wilson loop and the qqbar potential from Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter wave function

In Phys.Rev.Lett.107,091601, T.Kawanai and S.Sasaki extended HAL QCD method to the ccbar system and showed numerically that the qqbar potential obtained from the Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter wave function agrees with the qqbar potential obtained from Wilson loop in the heavy quark mass limit. However, it is not known how these two potentials can agree. In this talk, the relation between these two qqbar potentials is discussed, and it is shown that they agree in the infinite quark mass limit.

Speaker: Noriyoshi Ishii (Osaka University)

367_W4St_Noriyoshi_Ishii

ishii_lattice2021.pdf

405 Lattice QCD calculation of the subtraction function

The nucleon forward Compton amplitude describes the process of a virtual photon scattering on a nucleon. It is an important object which encodes insights into hadronic structure. The real part of this amplitude contains a component that is unconstrained by a dispersive representation in terms of inelastic scattering data. This component, commonly referred to as the `subtraction function', contributes significantly to the determination of key physical quantities such as the electromagnetic portion of the proton-neutron mass difference and hence constraining this function has gained renewed interest. Using lattice QCD, the second order Feynman-Hellmann theorem can be utilised to calculate the nucleon forward Compton amplitude. By judiciously choosing the photon and nucleon momenta and direction of the electromagnetic current, the subtraction function $S_1(Q^2)$ can be calculated at fixed photon virtuality, $Q^2$. The subtraction function is calculated for a range of photon momenta up to high $Q^2 \approx 11$ GeV$^2$, using different discretisations of the electromagnetic current. The results indicate an asymptotic behaviour that differs from that anticipated from the operator product expansion. A comparison of results between differing quark masses and lattice volumes and spacings is made to determine whether the behaviour survives the physical limit.

Speaker: Eddie Sankey (University of Adelaide)

443_W4St_Eddie_Sankey

Lattice2021pres.pdf

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Convener: Akio TOMIYA (Osaka university)

406 Normalizing flows for the real-time sign problem

Applications of machine learning techniques to numerical studies of quantum field theories have been explored intensely in recent years. One such application is the use of a neural network for finding a map between the Boltzmann distribution of a lattice field theory and a simpler distribution function (a 'trivializing map' or 'normalizing flow'). Once such a map is found, one expects to improve the Monte-Carlo simulation by sampling field configurations from the simpler distribution function. In this talk, I will discuss the application of normalizing flows to $\phi^4$ real scalar field theory in Minkowski space as a first step toward solving its real-time sign problem. The goal is to find a map between the complex-valued Boltzmann distribution via the action of $\phi^4$ theory and a real-valued distribution. Firstly I will explain the conjectured existence of such normalizing flows which solve the sign problem completely. Then I will discuss the search for such normalizing flows with the aid of machine learning and the perturbative study of normalizing flows.

Speaker: Yukari Yamauchi

486 W4Th Yukari Yamauchi

lattice2021_YYamauchi.pdf

407 Flavor number dependence of QCD at finite density by the complex Langevin method

We discuss the flavor number dependence of QCD at finite density by using the complex Langevin method. In our previous works, the complex Langevin method is confirmed to satisfy the criterion for correct convergence in some regions, such as $\mu / T = 5.2-7.2$ on $8^3 \times 16$ and $\mu / T = 1.6-9.6$ on $16^3 \times 32$ using $N_f = 4$ staggered quarks at $\beta = 5.7$. We extend this study to more realistic flavor cases, $N_f = 2, 2 + 1, 3$, using Wilson quarks. $N_f$ dependence of physical observables as well as validity regions of the complex Langevin method is presented.

Speaker: Yusuke Namekawa (Kyoto University)

150 W4Th Yusuke Namekawa

lattice2021-namekawa.pdf

408 Perturbative predictions for color superconductivity on the lattice

Recent developments in methods to overcome the sign problem in finite density QCD such as the complex Langevin method give us hope to investigate color superconductivity (CSC) in cold dense QCD matter from first principles. In view of this situation, we obtain quantitative predictions for the parameter region for CSC from lattice perturbation theory, which is valid for QCD in a small box. In particular, we use 2-flavor Wilson fermions in addition to 4-flavor staggered fermions reported in APLAT 2020. Based on the Thouless condition, we calculate the coupling constant corresponding to the critical point of CSC as a function of the quark chemical potential without any ansatz for the shape of the Cooper-pair condensates. We find a characteristic behavior that the region of CSC extends towards weak coupling at the chemical potential corresponding to the energy levels of free quarks in the case of staggered fermions. Similar behavior is observed also in the case of Wilson fermions although the region of CSC slightly shrinks when the chemical potential is very close to the energy levels of free quarks.

Speaker: Takeru Yokota (RIKEN)

339 W4Th Takeru Yokota

Lattice2021_yokota.pdf

409 Color superconductivity in a small box: a complex Langevin study

At low temperature and high density, quark matter is expected to be a color superconductor(CSC). In a recent study based on lattice perturbation theory, we have found that the CSC occurs even on a lattice with a small spatial length. According to our previous study (JHEP10(2020)144), the complex Langevin method is expected to work on such a lattice without suffering from the excursion and singular drift problems. Here we perform complex Langevin simulation on an $8^3\times 128$ lattice using 4-flavor staggered fermions. We find, in particular, that the quark number has plateaux with respect to the chemical potential similarly to our previous study, indicating the formation of the Fermi sphere. Furthermore, we found that the Polyakov loop is enhanced when the Fermi surface passes through discrete points in the momentum space, as observed in two-color QCD and QCD on $S^1 \times S^3$ by Hands. et. al.. We also present some preliminary results on CSC using a diquark-antidiquark operator, which seems to agree with the prediction of lattice perturbation theory.

Speaker: Shoichiro Tsutsui (RIKEN)

335 W4Th Shoichiro Tsutsui

lattice2021_tsutsui.pdf

410 Chiral properties of (2+1)-flavor QCD in background magnetic fields at zero temperature

We show our lattice QCD results for masses and magnetic polarizabilities of light and strange pseudo-scalar mesons, chiral condensates, decay constants of neutral pion and neutral kaon in the presence of background magnetic fields with $eB$ ranging up to around 3.35 GeV$^2$ ($\sim70~M_\pi^2$) in the vacuum. We performed (2+1)-flavor QCD lattice simulations using the Highly Improved Staggered Quarks (HISQ) action with $N_{\tau}=96$. In the simulation the strange quark mass is fixed to its physical quark mass $m_{s}^{\rm phy}$ and light quark mass is set to $m_{s}^{\rm phy}/10$ which corresponds to $M_{\pi} \approx $ 220 MeV at zero temperature. We find that as the magnetic field strength grows, the masses of neutral pseudo-scalar mesons monotonously decrease and then saturate at a nonzero value, while there exists a non-monotonous behavior of charged pion and kaon masses as magnetic field grows. We observe a $qB$ scaling of the up and down quark flavor components of neutral pion mass, neutral pion decay constant as well as the up and down quark chiral condensates at 0.05 $≲eB≲$ 3.35 GeV$^2$. We show that the correction to the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation involving neutral pion is less than 6\%, and the correction for the relation involving neutral kaon is less than 30\% at $eB≲$ 3.35 GeV$^2$.
We further find that the Ward Identity involving the space-time sum of the pseudo-scalar correlation functions and the chiral condensates, together with the GMOR relation, naturally reconciles magnetic catalysis at zero temperature and the reduction of transition temperature in a background magnetic field. This talk is based on arXiv:2008.00493.

Speaker: Xiaodan Wang (CCNU)

400 W4Th Xiaodan Wang

LAT21_xdwang.pdf

411 Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge and strangeness in a background magnetic field

We study the second-order fluctuations of and correlations among net baryon number, electric
charge and strangeness in (2+1)-flavor QCD at non-zero magnetic field. We perform the lattice simulations using the tree-level improved gauge action and the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action with a fixed scale approach ($a\simeq$ 0.117 fm). The strange quark mass is fixed to its physical quark mass value $m_{s}^{\rm phy}$ and the light quark mass is set to be $m_{s}^{\rm phy}/10$ which corresponding to the pion mass is about 220 MeV at vanishing magnetic field. The lattice simulations are performed on $32^3\times N_\tau$ lattices with 9 values of $N_\tau$ varying from 96 to 6 corresponding to temperatures ranging from zero up to 281 MeV. At each nonzero temperature, the magnetic field strength $eB$ is simulated with 15 different values up to $\sim$2.5 GeV$^2$. We find that quadratic fluctuations and correlations do not show any singular behavior at zero temperature in the current window of $eB$ while they develop peaked structures at nonzero temperatures as $eB$ grows. By comparing the electric charge-related fluctuations and correlations with hadron resonance gas model calculations and ideal gas limits, we find that the changes in degrees of freedom start at lower temperatures in stronger magnetic fields. Significant effects induced by magnetic fields on the isospin symmetry and ratios of net baryon number and baryon-strangeness correlation to strangeness fluctuation are observed, which could be useful for probing the existence of a magnetic field in heavy-ion collision experiments. This talk is based on arXiv:2104.06843.

Speaker: Dr Shengtai Li

395 W4Th Shengtai Li

lattice2021_stli.pdf

412 Persistent homology analysis for QCD effective models

We apply the persistent homology analysis to effective models of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with heavy quarks on a rectangular lattice to investigate the confinement-deconfinement transition. In this talk, I will concentrate on the effective Polyakov-line model and the Potts model with external field as the QCD effective model. The configurations are mapped onto the complex Polyakov-line plane without taking the spatial average and then the $\mathbb{Z_3}$ structure is analyzed. This study may have the relation with previous studies for the center clusters and the percolation properties. The spatial structure of the configurations is analyzed by using the persistent homology to obtain information of the multiscale structure of center clusters. In the confined phase, the data in the three different domains show the same topological tendency characterized by the birth and death times of the holes via the filtration of the alpha complexes, but the deconfined phase show different behavior. By considering the configuration averaged ratio of the birth and death times, we can construct the nonlocal order-parameter of the confinement-deconfinement transition based on the multiscale topological properties of center clusters.

Speaker: Kouji Kashiwa (Fukuoka Institute of technology)

32 W4Th Kouji Kashiwa

lattice2021_kashiwa.pdf

413 Confinement-Deconfinement transition and $Z_2$ symmetry in $Z_2+$Higgs theory

Abstract: we study the confinement-deconfinement transition and $Z_2$ symmetry in lattice $Z_2+$Higgs theory in $3+1$ dimensional Euclidean space using lattice Monte Carlo simulation methods. In pure $Z_2$ gauge theory the CD transition is first order. Polyakov loop acquires non-zero thermal average value in the deconfined phase and the $Z_2$ symmetry is spontaneously broken. The $Z_2$ symmetry arises from the fact that the allowed gauge transformations are either periodic or anti-periodic in the temporal direction. In the presence of matter fields in the fundamental representation, only the periodic gauge transformations are allowed. Though the action is invariant under anti-periodic gauge transformations, the gauge transformed matter fields do not satisfy required boundary conditions. A configuration of the Polyakov loop and it's $Z_2$ rotated counter part do not have same action, resulting in the explicit breaking of $Z_2$ symmetry. Using numerical Monte Carlo simulations, we compute physical observable sensitive to $Z_2$ symmetry, in order to study the strength of this explicit breaking in the phase diagram of the theory.
Our results shows that this $Z_2$ symmetry is realised in the Higgs symmetric phase for large number of temporal lattice sites. Though the action does not have $Z_2$ symmetry but partition function averages exhibit $Z_2$ symmetry for large number of temporal sites. We also observe that the $Z_2$ symmetry is
badly broken in the Higgs broken phase and the strength of the explicit symmetry breaking decreases on approach towards the Higgs symmetric phase. To understand the dependence of $Z_2$ symmetry on the number of temporal sites, we consider a simple one dimensional model keeping terms of the original action corresponding to a single spatial site. The partition function and the corresponding free
energy for each of the two Polyakov loop sectors are calculated exactly. It is observed that the free energy difference between the two Polyakov loop sectors vanishes in the large temporal lattice sites, which leads to $Z_2$ symmetry. We argue that this is due to the dominance of entropy or the distribution of the density of states corresponding to the action.

Speaker: Sabiar Shaikh (The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai)

157 W4Th Sabiar Shaikh

lattice2021_sabiar.pdf

Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics

Convener: Richard Brower (Boston University)

414 Lattice QED in external electromagnetic fields

QED in the presence of strong external fields is relevant to Laser physics, Accelerator physics, Astrophysics and Condensed Matter physics. Standard methods of relativistic quantum mechanics and QED, including perturbation theory, have their limitations. To go beyond this, approximate non-perturbative methods such as the Schwinger-Dyson approach have been applied. We are simulating Lattice QED in external electromagnetic fields, using methods developed for Lattice QCD to study non-perturbative behaviour of QED in this regime. In our first project we simulate Lattice QED in external magnetic fields using the RHMC algorithm. Later we plan to perform simulations with external electric fields and with both electric and magnetic fields. Because QED is not believed to be asymptotically complete we treat it as an effective field theory, i.e. one with a momentum cutoff.

Speaker: Dr donald sinclair (Argonne National Laboratory)

Lattice QED in external electromagnetic fields

MIT.pdf

MIT.pdf

415 A novel nonperturbative renormalization scheme for local operators

The gradient flow, which exponentially suppresses ultraviolet field fluctuations and removes ultraviolet divergences (up to a multiplicative fermionic wavefunction renormalization), can be used to describe real-space Wilsonian renormalization group transformations and determine the corresponding beta function. We propose a new nonperturbative renormalization scheme for local operators that uses the gradient flow and is amenable to lattice QCD calculations. We present preliminary nonperturbative results for the running of quark bilinear operators in this scheme, the perturbative matching to the MS-bar scheme, and an analysis of tree-level discretization effects in the renormalization parameters.

Speaker: Chris Monahan (William & Mary)

A novel nonperturbative renormalization scheme for local operators

monahan_lattice.pdf

416 Quirks of QCD: Twist-2 Operators on the Lattice

When using deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to probe hadronic structure, we can use the operator product expansion to approximate the product of currents, using the operators' twist to suppress higher order effects. On the lattice, these operators experience power divergent mixing, which we aim to control by introducing the gradient flow. We study an example in perturbation theory.

Speaker: Tangereen Claringbold (William & Mary)

Quirks of QCD: Twist-2 Operators on the Lattice

tvbc_Lattice2021.pdf

417 Anomalies and symmetric mass generation for staggered fermions

I discuss symmetric mass generation (SMG) and its relevance to the problem of constructing lattice chiral fermions. A necessary condition for SMG is the
cancellation of certain discrete anomalies which constrain the number of
fermions to multiples of sixteen. I give some examples of models based on
reduced staggered fermions that are capable of SMG.

Speaker: simon catterall

SMGv3.pdf

Symmetric Mass Generation and Chiral Fermions

418 Symmetric mass generation in lattice gauge theory

We construct a four dimensional lattice gauge theory in which fermions acquire mass without
breaking symmetries as a result of gauge interactions. We start from
a $SU(2)$ lattice Yang-Mills theory with staggered fermions transforming under an additional
global $SU(2)$ symmetry. The fermion representations are chosen
so that single site bilinear mass terms vanish identically. A symmetric
four fermion operator is however allowed and we
show numerical results that show that
a condensate of this operator develops in the vacuum. The spectrum of the theory contains a triplet of color singlet difermion states whose mass is given by the confinement scale $\Lambda_s$
times a function of the dimensionless ratio $f(\lambda\Lambda_s)$.

Speaker: Dr Nouman Butt (Argonne National Laboratory)

smg.pdf

Symmetric mass generation in lattice gauge theory

419 Zero temperature phase diagram of a 3-D four-fermion model with two flavors of staggered fermions

We study a strongly interacting lattice field theory model with two massless flavors of staggered fermions in three space-time dimensions. We consider the phase diagram of the model as a function of two couplings: (1) a lattice current-current interaction $U$, and (2) an on-site four-fermion interaction $U^\prime$. While individually both these interactions drive second order phase transitions from the massless fermion phase as the couplings are increased (see Phys. Rev.D 88 (2013) 021701, and Phys. Rev.D 91 (2015) 6, 065035), the coupling $U^\prime$ leads to an exotic strong coupling phase where fermions become massive without bilinear chiral condensates. This suggests a rich phase structure in the $U-U^\prime$ plane. In order to study this phase diagram, we construct an efficient fermion bag algorithm by extending the previous algorithms. We show preliminary results from our study on small lattices.

Speaker: Mr Sandip Maiti (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics)

GN Model.pdf

Zero temperature phase diagram of a 3-D four-fermion model with two flavors of staggered fermions

420 Chiral and Large N_c limit of QCD

We present preliminary results for a lattice study of the chiral and continuum limit of pseudoscalar mass and decay constant for $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory with $N_c=3,4,5$ colors and $N_f=2$ degenerate fermions. Clover fermions are used. We fit these observables to predictions of Wilson chiral perturbation theory. Model-averaging is used to determine an appropriate range of quark masses for the fits. We extrapolate our results to large $N_c$. The goal is to produce continuum numbers for the large $N_c$ limit of QCD, and to compare our results with other approaches to this limit

Speaker: Evan Wickenden (University of Colorado Boulder)

Chiral_and_Continuum_Limit_of_Large_Nc_QCD.pdf

Chiral and Large N_c limit of QCD

421 A physicist-friendly reformulation of the mod-two Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index

Gauge anomaly in 4-dimensions can be viewed as a current inflow into an extra-dimension, where the total phase of the fermion partition function is given in a gauge invariant way by the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer(APS) eta-invariant of a 5-dimensional Dirac operator. However, this formalism requires a non-local boundary condition, which makes the physical roles of edge/bulk modes unclear and the causality of the total theory doubtful. In this talk, we consider a special case where the Dirac operator is in a real representation and its eta invariant becomes the mod-two type APS index. We propose a physicist-friendly reformulation of the mod-two index using domain-wall fermion formalism, which naturally describes how the global anomaly is canceled between edge and bulk.

Speaker: Mr Yoshiyuki Matsuki (Osaka U.)

A physicist-friendly reformulation of the mod-two Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index

Lattice2021_matsuki_ver1.pdf

Standard Model Parameters

Convener: Ruth Van de Water (Fermilab)

422 Renormalization of overlap quark bilinear operators with hypercubic smearing

Renormalization constants of the scalar and tensor currents are calculated for overlap fermions on domain-wall fermion configurations. We perform zero, one or two steps of hypercubic smearing in constructing the overlap Dirac operator and examine the discretization effects in the renormalization constants of quark bilinears and check the dependence of those effects on the level of smearing. Both the SMOM and MOM schemes are used and the results are compared.

Speaker: Zhaofeng Liu (Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS)

214_W4Sm_Zhaofeng_Liu

423 Spectral sum from Euclidean lattice correlators and determination of renormalization constants

We construct a method for computing the spectral sum appearing in the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) QCD sum rule. The method gives results consistent with the operator product expansion (OPE) of the $s\bar{s}$ correlation function in the vector channel. The application of this method to other channels is useful for operator renormalization as well as the test of perturbative QCD and OPE.

Speaker: Tsutomu Ishikawa (SOKENDAI, KEK, RIKEN)

342_W4Sm_Tsutomu_Ishikawa

TsutomuIshikawa_lattice20210728.pdf

424 Determination of the continuous beta function of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory

The interpretation of gradient flow as a Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) transformation allows one to determine the continuous RG beta function. This approach is alternative to the finite-volume step-scaling function. Unlike step-scaling methods, where the lattice volume must provide the only scale, the continuous beta function can be used even in the confining regime. We demonstrate this technique in SU$(3)$ Yang-Mills theory and explore the determination of the $\Lambda$-parameter. Our investigation is based on simulations done with the tree-level Symanzik action on volumes up to $48^4$ and bare gauge couplings between $4.5$ and $8.5$.

Speaker: Curtis Peterson (University of Colorado at Boulder)

437_W4Sm_Curtis_Peterson

lat_conf_pres.pdf

425 New beta-function and the QCD running coupling at the Z-boson pole mass

With scale changes set by the gradient flow time, a new beta function emerges from infinite volume extrapolations, matching 3-loop predictions from Harlander and Neumann at weak coupling. Non-perturbative lattice methods are used to get the beta-function in the infrared region at strong coupling. The method was tested in multi-flavor QCD with ten and twelve flavors and compared in contrast with the respective step beta-functions where scale changes are set by the physical volume. We are investigating the new beta function for alternate lattice determination of the QCD running coupling at the scale of the Z-boson pole mass.

Speaker: Kieran Holland

618_W4Sm_Kieran_Holland

kieran_holland_lattice2021.pdf

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions and Standard Model Parameters discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Theoretical developments and applications beyond particle physics discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Thursday 29 July

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Conveners: Chris Culver (University of Liverpool), Lukas Kades (Universität Heidelberg)

426 Machine learning with quantum field theories

The precise equivalence between discretized Euclidean field theories and a certain class of probabilistic graphical models, namely the mathematical framework of Markov random fields, opens up the opportunity to investigate machine learning from the perspective of quantum field theory. In this talk we will demonstrate, through the Hammersley-Clifford theorem, that the $\phi^{4}$ scalar field theory on a square lattice satisfies the local Markov property and can therefore be recast as a Markov random field. We will then derive from the $\phi^{4}$ theory machine learning algorithms and neural networks which can be viewed as generalizations of conventional neural network architectures. Finally, we will conclude by presenting applications based on the minimization of an asymmetric distance between the probability distribution of the $\phi^{4}$ machine learning algorithms and that of target probability distributions.

Speaker: Dimitrios Bachtis

37_R1Al_Dimitrios_Bachtis

bachtis_lat21.pdf

427 Lattice Gauge Symmetry in Neural Networks

With increasing interest in machine learning techniques for lattice gauge theory, it becomes important to develop suitable neural network architectures that are compatible with the fundamental symmetries that lie at the heart of lattice QCD. We propose a novel neural network architecture called lattice gauge equivariant convolutional neural networks (L-CNNs) [1] that can be applied to problems in lattice gauge theory while exactly preserving gauge symmetry by construction. This is realized by explicitly accounting for parallel transport in convolutional layers. In combination with bilinear layers, these networks can in principle approximate any gauge covariant function on the lattice. We demonstrate that L-CNNs outperform traditional CNNs when applied to tasks such as computing Wilson loops. Our models can be efficiently trained on small lattices and still generalize well to larger lattice sizes.

[1] ``Lattice gauge equivariant convolutional neural networks'', M.~Favoni, A.~Ipp, D.~I.~Müller, D.~Schuh, https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12901

Speaker: Dr David Mueller (TU Wien)

217_R1Al_David_Mueller

lattice21_dmueller.pdf

428 Generalization capabilities of neural networks in lattice applications

In recent years, the use of machine learning has become increasingly popular in the context of lattice field theories. An essential element of such theories is represented by symmetries, whose inclusion in the neural network properties can lead to high reward in terms of performance and generalizability. A fundamental symmetry that usually characterizes physical systems on a lattice with periodic boundary conditions is equivariance under spacetime translations. In this talk we investigate the advantages of adopting translationally equivariant neural networks in favor of non-equivariant ones [1]. The system we consider is a complex scalar field with quartic interaction on a two-dimensional lattice in the flux representation, on which the networks carry out various regression and classification tasks. Promising equivariant and non-equivariant architectures are identified with a systematic search. We demonstrate that in most of these tasks our best equivariant architectures can perform and generalize significantly better than their non-equivariant counterparts, which applies not only to physical parameters beyond those represented in the training set, but also to different lattice sizes.

[1] ``Generalization capabilities of translationally equivariant neural networks'', S.~Bulusu, M.~Favoni, A.~Ipp, D.~I.~Müller, D.~Schuh,
https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.14686

Speaker: Matteo Favoni (TU Wien)

262_R1Al_Matteo_Favoni

Generalization_capabilities_of_neural_networks (Lattice_2021).pdf

429 Interpreting machine learning functions as physical observables

We interpret machine learning functions as physical observables, opening up the possibility to apply "standard" statistical-mechanics methods to outputs from neural networks. This includes histogram reweighting and finite-size scaling, to analyse phase transitions quantitatively, as well as the incorporation of predictive functions as conjugate variables coupled to an external field within the Hamiltonian of a system, allowing to induce order-disorder phase transitions in a novel manner. A noteworthy feature of this approach is that no knowledge of the symmetries in the Hamiltonian is required.

Speakers: Gert Aarts (Swansea University),

42_R1Al_Gert_Aarts

talklattice2021-Aarts.pdf

430 Machine Learning for Thermodynamic Observables

In this talk, I will discuss how thermodynamic observables of lattice field theories can be estimated using machine learning. Specifically¸ deep generative models are used to estimate the absolute value of the free energy. This is in contrast to MCMC-based methods which are limited to estimating differences of free energies. These methods come with the same asymptotic guarantees as the standard MCMC-based approaches. Application of these methods to two-dimensional $\phi^4$ theory will be presented and compared to existing approaches.

Speaker: Kim Nicoli (Technische Universität Berlin)

167_R1Al_Kim_Nicoli

kim_nicoli_talk.pdf

431 Machine learning phase transitions in a scalable manner

Machine learning is becoming an established area of research in lattice field theories, with prominent applications to phase classification, configuration generation, and noise reduction. When moving beyond the toy models, scalable methods to learn phases of matter are needed. In this talk, we compare two possible avenues to speed up the methods for classifying phase transitions in the 2D Ising model: parallelization of kernel methods, and quantum machine learning. Finally, we discuss the extension of the two approaches to the low-dimensional quantum field theories.

Speaker: Marina Krstic Marinkovic (ETH Zurich)

616_R1Al_Marina_Krstic_Marinkovic

432 Simulating Complex Langevin at short real-times with stable implicit solvers

We present recent results [1] in which we apply unconditionally stable stochastic partial differential equations solvers [2] to complex Langevin in real-time [3]. This allows us to avoid runaway solutions in principle and enables simulations at relatively large Langevin step size. We show that implicit schemes act as a regulator of the underlying path integral and give a heuristic estimate of the errors introduced by the discrete Langevin evolution. Due to the intrinsic regularization of the implicit scheme, we are able to simulate the quantum anharmonic oscillator on the canonical real-time contour (at short real-times). In turn, for the first time, we gain access to both the forward and backward correlators close to the real-time axis (D>, D<) required for the determination of the system spectral function. Concrete examples in and out-of thermal equilibrium are presented.

[1] D. Alvestad, R. Larsen, A. Rothkopf, arXiv:2105.02735
[2] P. Kloeden, E. Platen, Numerical Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations (1992).
[3] J. Berges, S. Borszanyi, D. Sexty, I.-O. Stamatescu, Phys.Rev.D 75 (2007) 045007

Speaker: Daniel Alvestad (University of Stavanger)

595_R1Al_Daniel_Alvestad

CL_Presentation_Lattice2021.pdf

433 The basics and applications of the tempered Lefschetz thimble method for the numerical sign problem

The numerical sign problem is one of the major obstacles to the first-principles calculations for important physical systems, such as finite-density QCD, strongly-correlated electron systems and frustrated spin systems, as well as for the real-time dynamics of quantum systems. The tempered Lefschetz thimble method (TLTM) [1] was proposed as a versatile algorithm towards solving the numerical sign problem. There, the integration region is deformed into the complex space according to the antiholomorphic gradient flow equation, and the system is tempered using the flow time as a tempering parameter so as to solve both the sign and ergodicity problems simultaneously.
In this talk, I first summarize Monte Carlo approaches to the sign problem, including the methods based on the complex Langevin equation and those on the Lefschetz thimbles. I then focus on the TLTM and explain the basics of the algorithm. I demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the algorithm by showing its successful applications to various models, such as the (0+1)-dimensional massive Thirring model [1], the Hubbard model away from half filling [2,3], and the Stephanov model (a chiral random matrix model) [4]. I also explain some of the recent improvements in the algorithm [3,4].

[1] M. Fukuma and N. Umeda, “Parallel tempering algorithm for integration over Lefschetz thimbles,” PTEP 2017, no.7, 073B01 (2017) [arXiv:1703.00861 [hep-lat]].
[2] M. Fukuma, N. Matsumoto and N. Umeda, "Applying the tempered Lefschetz thimble method to the Hubbard model away from half filling," Phys. Rev. D 100, no.11, 114510 (2019) [arXiv:1906.04243 [cond-mat.str-el]].
[3] M. Fukuma, N. Matsumoto and N. Umeda, "Implementation of the HMC algorithm on the tempered Lefschetz thimble method," [arXiv:1912.13303 [hep-lat]].
[4] M. Fukuma and N. Matsumoto, “Worldvolume approach to the tempered Lefschetz thimble method,” PTEP 2021, no.2, 023B08 (2021) [arXiv:2012.08468 [hep-lat]].

Speaker: Masafumi Fukuma (Kyoto University)

2021-07Lattice2021_upload.pdf

251_R1Al_Masafumi_Fukuma

434 CP-violating Dashen phase transition in the two-flavor Schwinger model: a study with matrix product states

We numerically study the Hamiltonian lattice formulation of the Schwinger model with two fermion flavors using matrix product states. Keeping the mass of the first flavor at a fixed positive value, we tune the mass of the second flavor through a range of negative values, thus exploring a regime where conventional Monte Carlo methods suffer from the sign problem. Our results show signatures of a phase transition at the point where the absolute values of both masses are equal. Moreover, we observe the formation of a condensate, thus indicating that the observed transition is the analog of the CP-violating Dashen phase transition in QCD.

Speaker: Stefan Kühn (The Cyprus Institute)

377_R1Al_Stefan_Kühn

435 A variance reduction technique for hadronic correlators with partially twisted boundary conditions

Partially twisted boundary conditions are widely used for improving the momentum resolution in lattice computations of hadronic correlation functions. The method is however expensive since every additional twist requires computing additional propagators. We propose a novel variance reduction technique that exploits statistical correlations between correlators at different twists to reduce the overall cost for computing correlators with additional twist angles. We explain and demonstrate the method for meson 2pt and 3pt functions.

Speaker: Alessandro Barone (University of Southampton)

146_R1Al_Alessandro_Barone

twistingLat21_Barone.pdf

436 Using classical bit-flip correction for error mitigation in quantum computations

We demonstrate that classical bit-flip correction can be employed to mitigate measurement errors on quantum computers. Importantly, our method can be applied to any operator, any number of qubits, and any realistic bit-flip probability. Starting with the example of the longitudinal Ising model, we then generalize to arbitrary operators and test our method both numerically and experimentally on IBM quantum hardware. As a result, our correction method reduces the measurement error on the quantum hardware by up to one order of magnitude.

Speaker: Dr Karl Jansen (DESY)

85_R1Al_Karl_Jansen

437 Benchmarking the performance of readout error mitigation through classical bit-flip correction on IBM and Rigetti devices

Readout errors are among the most dominant sources of error on current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Recently an efficient, scaleable method for mitigating such errors has been developed. Here, we benchmark this correction protocol on IBM's and Rigetti's quantum devices. Measuring observables in the computational basis, we demonstrate how the mitigation procedure improves the results with only modest overhead cost. In particular, we examine the variances of the noisy original and the mitigated data. Our hardware results show good agreement with the theoretical prediction and that the increase in variance due to the mitigation procedure is only moderate.

Speaker: Georgios Polykratis (The Cyprus Institute)

267_R1Al_Georgios_Polykratis

Polykratis_Lattice_Conf.pdf

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Conveners: Agostino Patella (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), John Bulava (DESY-Zeuthen)

438 $\bar{b}\bar{c}\,q_1q_2$ tetraquarks from Lattice QCD

We present the results of a lattice calculation of tetraquark states with quark contents $\bar{b}\bar{c}\,q_1q_2, \, q_1,q_2 \subset u,d,s$ in both spin zero ($J=0$) and spin one ($J=1$) sectors. For the spin one states, when the light quark ($q_1, q_2$) masses are lighter, we find at least one energy level below the possible thresholds energy levels. These calculations are performed on three dynamical $N_f=2+1+1$ highly improved staggered quark ensembles at lattice spacings of about 0.12, 0.09 and 0.06 fm. We use the overlap action for light to charm quarks while a non-relativistic action with non-perturbatively improved coefficients is employed for the bottom quark.

Speaker: Nilmani Mathur

b_bar c_bar q_1 q_2 tetraquarks from lattice QCD

Lat21_n_mathur.pdf

439 The neutron-proton mass difference

We present a Lattice calculation of the mass difference between neutron and proton, obtained at 1st order in the $QED$ coupling $\alpha_{EM}$ and in the mass difference between $u$ and $d$ quarks $\frac{m_d-m_u}{\Lambda_{QCD}}$. We adopt a purely hadronic scheme to renormalize the theory and to separate the $QED$ and strong $IB$ contributions.
The simulation is carried out using the ETMC gauge configurations with $N_f=2+1+1$ dynamical quarks. We extrapolate among $3$ values of the lattice spacing and pion masses in the range \mbox{$M_\pi \simeq 200 - 450 $ MeV}.

Speaker: Simone Romiti

LATTICE.pdf

The neutron-proton mass difference

440 Topic on pion spectroscopy

We will present the pion mass and decay constant using the overlap fermion valence on DW fermion sea at several lattice lattice spacings. The mixed action effect in the lattice calculation is also studied, and the result suggests that the mixed action effect with overlap valence on DW sea would be proportional to the fourth power of the lattice spacing. The preliminary determination of the light and strange quark mass $m_{u,d,s}$, $F$ and chiral condensate $\Sigma$ in the $N_f=2$ chiral limit will also be presented.

Speaker: Mr Dian-Jun Zhao (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Lattice_7.29_Zhao.pdf

Topic on pion spectroscopy

441 The mixing of $\eta_c$ and the Pseudoscalar Glueball

The first lattice QCD study of the mixing of $\eta_c$ and the pseudoscalar glueball is performed. We generate a large gauge configuration ensemble with $N_f=2$ degenerate charm quarks on an isotropic lattice. The correlation functions of the charm quark bilinear operators, both connected part and disconnected part, are computed via the distillation method. And the correlation functions of glueball operators are also computed on this ensemble and variational analysis method is adopted to obtain optimized operators. By peforming a simutaneous two states fit of correlation functions $C_{CC}(t)$, $C_{GG}(t)$ and $C_{GC}(t)$, the mixing angle of $\eta_c$ and pseudoscalar glueball is obtained, which is obviously nonzero but quit small. It would be helpful for understanding the properties of $ \eta_c$.

Speaker: Renqiang Zhang

etac-glueball-mixing.pdf

The mixing of 𝜂𝑐 and the Pseudoscalar Glueball

442 The $\pi^0$, $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$ mesons from $n_f=1+1+1$ lattice QCD+QED

We present the first lattice analysis of the pseudoscalar mesons with consideration for the mixing between the flavour-singlet states $\pi^0$, $\eta$ and $\eta'$. We extract the masses and flavour compositions of the pseudoscalar meson nonet in nf = 1 + 1 + 1 lattice QCD+QED around an SU(3)-flavour symmetric point, and observe interesting features of the extracted data, along with preliminary extrapolation results at physical pion mass via a novel method. We also resolve the mass splitting in the $\pi^0$ and $\eta$ on our ensembles, which is found to exhibit behaviour that is simply related to the corresponding flavour compositions.

Speaker: Zeno Kordov

Lattice2021_presentation-5.pdf

The 𝜋0, 𝜂 and 𝜂′ mesons from 𝑛𝑓=1+1+1 lattice QCD+QED

443 Lattice determination of the pion mass difference $M_{\pi_{+}} - M_{\pi_{0}}$ at order $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_{em})$ and $\mathcal{O}( (m_{d}-m_{u})^{2})$ including disconnected diagrams.

We determine, with Twisted Mass Lattice QCD simulations and adopting the RM123 method, the charged/neutral pion mass difference $M_{\pi_{+}} - M_{\pi_{0}}$ at order $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_{em})$ in the QED interactions and present preliminary results for $M_{\pi_{+}} - M_{\pi_{0}}$ at order $\mathcal{O}\left( (m_{d}-m_{u})^{2}\right)$ in the strong isospin-breaking term. The latter contribution provides a determination of the $\rm{SU}(2)$ chiral perturbation theory low-energy constant $\ell_{7}$, whose present estimate is affected by a rather large uncertainty. The disconnected contributions appearing in the diagrammatic expansion of $M_{\pi_{+}} - M_{\pi_{0}}$, being very noisy, are notoriously difficult to evaluate and have been neglected in previous calculations. We will show that making use of the recently proposed Rotated Twisted Mass (RTM) scheme, tailored to improve the signal on mesonic observables, it is possible to evaluate the disconnected diagrams with good precision. For the QED induced pion mass difference, we obtain, after performing the extrapolation towards the continuum and thermodynamic limit and at the physical point, a value that is in nice agreement with the experimental result. For $M_{\pi_{+}} - M_{\pi_{0}}$ at order $\mathcal{O}\left( (m_{d}-m_{u})^{2}\right)$, the results, which are so far limited to a single lattice spacing, are in agreement with phenomenological estimates.

Speaker: Giuseppe Gagliardi (INFN sezione di Roma Tre)

Lattice determination of the pion mass difference 𝑀𝜋+−𝑀𝜋0 at order O(𝛼𝑒𝑚) and O((𝑚𝑑−𝑚𝑢)2) including disconnected diagrams.

lattice_talk.pdf

444 An update on QCD+QED simulations with C* boundary conditions

This talk is an update on the ongoing effort of the RC$^\star$ collaboration to generate fully dynamical QCD+QED configurations. We present the results of several ensembles with C$^\star$ boundary conditions that were generated using the openQ$^\star$D code. The simulations were tuned to the U-symmetric point ($m_d=m_s$) with pions at $m_{\pi^{\pm}} \approx 400$ MeV and a splitting of $m_{K^0}-m_{K^{\pm}} \approx 20$ MeV. In order to amplify the isospin breaking effects an artificially large value for the renormalized electromagnetic coupling $\alpha_R \approx 0.04$ was chosen. A novelty in the analysis is the inclusion of the sign of the Pfaffian and a reweighting in the mass. Also, the stability of the algorithm, diagnostic observables and neutral and charged meson masses will be discussed. Furthermore, the line of constant physics and the chosen tuning strategy will be shortly presented.

Speaker: Jens Luecke (HU Berlin)

An update on QCD+QED simulations with C* boundary conditions

LATTICE2021_JensLuecke.pdf

445 Baryon masses from full QCD+QED_C simulations

In this talk we present preliminary results for the masses of the proton, neutron and Omega- baryons obtained from $n_f$=1+2+1 QCD+QED lattice simulations performed using C$^*$ boundary conditions. Spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 baryon two-point correlators are extracted from full QCD+QED lattice simulations through an extension to the OpenQ$^*$D publicly available code. The correlators are computed by smearing, at different levels along the spatial directions, both the gauge configurations and the interpolating operators. Baryon masses are then extracted by applying the Generalised Eigenvalue Problem. These results are part of the ongoing effort of the RC* collaboration (discussed in the companion talk by Jens Lücke) and have been obtained on a single ensemble in which the renormalized electromagnetic coupling is $\alpha_{\text{em}}$~0.04, the physical volume is $L$~1.7fm and the masses of the four dynamical quarks have been tuned at the U-spin symmetric point $m_d=m_s$.

Speaker: Madeleine Dale (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)

Baryon masses from full QCD+QED_C simulations

Calculation of masses of charged hadrons in QCD+QEDC

446 Isospin breaking effects in octet and decuplet baryon masses

We present work designed to compute baryon masses on $N_f=2+1$ CLS ensembles including isospin breaking effects due to non-degenerate light quark masses and electromagnetic interactions. These effects are determined at leading order via a perturbative expansion around the iso-symmetric theory. We furthermore apply a group theoretical operator construction for the various interpolators describing the different members of the baryon octet and decuplet based on a classification by spin, parity, and flavor content. Finally, we will present first numerical results.

Speaker: Alexander Segner (Universität Mainz)

Isospin breaking effects in octet and decuplet baryon masses

Isospin_Breaking_Effects_in_Octet_and_Decuplet_Baryon_Masses.pdf

447 Light flavor-singlet pseduoscalar in $J/\psi$ radiative decay

Experiments show that the flavor-singlet pseudoscalars usually have large production ratios in the radiative decays of $J/\psi$.
In this work we perform the first lattice investigation on this topic based on a gauge ensemble generated on an anisotropic lattice with two degenerate light dynamical quarks. The mass parameter of the light quarks is tuned to give a pion mass around 300 MeV. The annihilation diagrams of light quarks are calculated using the distillation method.

Speaker: Xiangyu Jiang (Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Lattice2021.pdf

Lattice2021.pptx

Light flavor-singlet pseduoscalar in 𝐽/𝜓 radiative decay

448 Nuclear Parity Violation from 4-quark Interactions

We investigate the parity odd $\Delta I = 1$ pion-nucleon coupling $h^1_\pi$ from lattice QCD. With the PCAC-based use of a parity-conserving effective Hamiltonian, we extract the coupling by determining the nucleon mass splitting arising from effective 4-quark interactions using the Feynman-Hellmann theorem. We present preliminary results of the mass shift for a $32^3 \times 64$ ensemble of $N_f = 2+1+1$ twisted mass fermions at pion mass 260 MeV and lattice spacing $a = 0.097 \; fm$.

Speaker: Aniket Sen (HISKP, University of Bonn)

NPV_Sen_Lattice_2021.pdf

Nuclear Parity Violation from 4-quark Interactions

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Conveners: Heng-Tong Ding (Central China Normal University), Hiroshi Ohno (Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba)

449 Nonperturbative excitations in overoccupied gluon plasmas

Motivated by the early-time dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, we extract gluonic spectral functions of overoccupied gauge theories far from equilibrium using classical-statistical lattice simulations. In 3+1 dimensions we find that the spectral function exhibits quasiparticle excitations at all momenta that are mostly consistent with perturbative hard-thermal loop predictions, while partially showing nonperturbative deviations. In contrast, the structure of excitations in 2+1 dimensions is nontrivial and nonperturbative. These nonperturbative interactions lead to broad excitation peaks in the spectral function, demonstrating the absence of soft quasiparticles in these theories.

Speaker: Kirill Boguslavski (Vienna University of Technology (AT))

Boguslavski_Lattice2021.pdf

Nonperturbative excitations in overoccupied gluon plasmas

450 Transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma

The study of jets in heavy ion collisions provides important information about the interaction of partons with the medium that they traverse. The seeds of jets are highly energetic partons, which are produced from hard scatterings during the collision event. As such, they are affected by all different stages of the medium's time evolution, including the glasma, which is the pre-equilibrium precursor state of the quark-gluon plasma. I will report on our numerical lattice simulations of partons traversing the boost-invariant, non-perturbative glasma as created at the early stages of collisions at RHIC and LHC [1]. We find that partons quickly accumulate transverse momentum up to the saturation momentum during the glasma stage. Furthermore, we observe an interesting anisotropy in transverse momentum broadening of partons with larger broadening in the rapidity than in the azimuthal direction. Its origin can be related to correlations among the longitudinal color-electric and color-magnetic flux tubes in the initial state of the glasma. I will compare these observations to the semi-analytic results [2] obtained by a weak-field approximation, where we also find such an anisotropy in a parton's transverse momentum broadening.

[1] A. Ipp, D. I. Müller, D. Schuh, Phys. Lett. B 810 (2020), arXiv:2009.14206
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135810

[2] A. Ipp, D. I. Müller, D. Schuh, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020), arXiv:2001.10001
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.074001

Speaker: Daniel Schuh (Vienna University of Technology)

Transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma

Transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma.pdf

451 Charting the scaling region of the Ising universality class in finite temperature QCD

We discuss the behaviour of a universal combination of susceptibility and correlation length in the Ising model in two and three dimensions, in presence of both magnetic and thermal perturbations, in the neighbourhood of the critical point. In three dimensions we address the problem using a parametric representation of the equation of state. In two dimensions we make use of the exact integrability of the model along the thermal and the magnetic axes. Our results can be used as a sort of "reference frame" to chart the critical region of the model.
While our results can be applied in principle to any possible realization of the Ising universality class, we address in particular, as specific examples, instances of Ising behaviour in finite temperature QCD related in various ways to the deconfinement transition. Most notably, we study the critical ending point in the finite density, finite temperature phase diagram of QCD. In this finite density framework, due to well know sign problem, Montecarlo simulations are not possible and thus a direct comparison of experimental results with QFT/Statmech predictions like the one we discuss may be important. Moreover in this example it is particularly difficult to disentangle "magnetic-like" from "thermal-like" observables and thus an explicit charting of the neighbourhood of the critical point can be particularly useful.

Speaker: Marianna Sorba (SISSA)

Charting the scaling region of the Ising universality class in finite temperature QCD

Lattice2021_Sorba.pdf

452 Imprint of chiral symmetry restoration on the Polyakov loop and the heavy quark free energy

The Polyakov loop expectation value $\langle P\rangle$ is an order parameter of the deconfinement transition in the heavy quark mass regime, whereas its sensitivity to the deconfinement of light, dynamical quarks is not apparent. From the perspective of an effective Lagrangian in the vicinity of the chiral transition, the Polyakov loop, $P$, is an energy-like observable, and $\langle P\rangle$ should hence scale like the energy density. Using $N_f=2+1$ HISQ configurations at finite lattice spacing, we show that near the chiral transition temperature, the scaling behavior of $\langle P\rangle$ and the heavy quark free energy $F_q$ is consistent with energy-like observables in the $3d$, $O(N)$ universality class. We extend this analysis to other energy-like observables, including the response of $F_q$ to the baryon chemical potential, which is expected to scale like a specific heat.

Speaker: Dr David Anthony Clarke (Bielefeld University)

clarke_polyakov_chiral.pdf

Imprint of chiral symmetry restoration on the Polyakov loop and the heavy quark free energy

453 Critical behavior towards the chiral limit at vanishing and non-vanishing chemical potentials

We study the scaling behavior of the (2+1)-QCD crossover region towards the chiral limit with smaller-than-physical light quark mass gauge ensembles, generated using the HISQ fermion discretisation. We calculate the leading curvature coefficient of the QCD crossover line at smaller light quark masses and compare it with the curvature in the chiral limit obtained using scaling arguments. At zero chemical potential, we study the fluctuations of conserved charges and their correlations with the chiral condensate and chiral susceptibility, towards the chiral limit. We analyse the role of universal and regular contributions to the above quantities.

Speaker: Dr Mugdha Sarkar (Bielefeld University)

Critical behavior towards the chiral limit at vanishing and non-vanishing chemical potentials

talk_mugdha_LAT21.pdf

454 Roberge-Weiss transitions at imaginary isospin chemical potential

At finite imaginary values of the chemical potential, QCD is free of the sign
problem. Moreover, at high temperatures the partition function exhibits
a new symmetry (the Roberge-Weiss symmetry) connecting phases
with different orientations of the Polyakov loop, and the corresponding
phase transitions between these.
In this contribution we investigate the perturbative one-loop
effective potential for the Polyakov loop in the presence of imaginary
isospin as well as baryon chemical potentials. This leads to a novel phase
diagram, which reveals an interesting insight about the
rich phase structure and the center symmetry breaking.
We check the perturbative results using direct lattice simulations.

Speaker: Amine Chabane (Goethe-Universität Frankfurt)

Lattice_Conference.pdf

Roberge-Weiss transitions at imaginary isospin chemical potential

455 The upper right corner of the Columbia plot with staggered fermions

QCD with heavy dynamical quarks exhibits a first order thermal transition which is driven by the spontaneous breaking of the global $Z_3$ center symmetry. Decreasing the quark masses weakens the transition until the corresponding latent heat vanishes at the critical mass.
We explore the heavy mass region with three flavors of staggered quarks. We analyze the Polyakov loop and its moments in a finite volume scaling study and monitor the chiral observables at the same time. Thus we calculate the heavy critical mass in the three flavor theory.

Speaker: Ruben Kara (University of Wuppertal)

Ruben_Kara_Lattice21.pdf

The upper right corner of the Columbia plot with staggered fermions

456 Deconfinement critical point of a heavy quark effective lattice theory

Effective 3d Polyakov loop theories derived from QCD by strong coupling and hopping expansions are valid for heavy quarks and can also be applied to finite chemical potential, due to their considerably milder sign problem. We apply the Monte-Carlo method to the $N_f=1,2$ effective theories up to $\mathcal{O}(\kappa^4)$ in the hopping parameter at zero $\mu$ to determine the critical quark mass, at which the first-order deconfinement phase transition terminates. The critical end point obtained from the effective theory to order $\mathcal{O}(\kappa^2)$ agrees well with 4d QCD simulations with a hopping expanded determinant by the WHOT-QCD collaboration. We also compare with full QCD simulations and thus obtain a measure for the validity of both the strong coupling and the hopping expansion in this regime.

Speaker: Mr Anh Quang Pham (Goethe University Frankfurt)

Deconfinement critical point of a heavy quark effective lattice theory

Lattice38-Talk-QuangPham.pdf

457 Chiral phase transition temperature in 3-flavor QCD.

Establishing whether or not the famous first order corner at small quark masses exists in the Columbia plot is one of the major open issues in studies of the phase diagram of QCD. We delve into this problem and present results from our ongoing study of the chiral limit in three-flavor QCD using the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ/tree) action.

We investigate four quark masses, which in the continuum correspond to pion masses in the range 80 MeV to 140 MeV. In our simulations, the temporal lattice size, $N_\tau$, is fixed to be equal to 8 and we explore three different aspect ratios $N_\sigma /N_\tau =3,\ 4$ and $5$.

In the pion mass range explored by us, we do not find any direct evidence of the existence of a first order phase transition. We find the quark mass and volume dependence of the chiral observables to be well-described by the universal finite size scaling functions. We obtain a quite low value for the chiral phase transition temperature that is around 100 MeV.

Speaker: Ms Sipaz Sharma (Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India)

Chiral phase transition temperature in 3-flavor QCD.

Lattice2021.pdf

458 The QCD chiral phase transition for different numbers of quark flavours

The Columbia plot specifies the order of the $N_f=2+1$ QCD thermal transition as a function of the quark masses. Since massless quarks cannot be simulated directly, the nature of the phase transition in the limit of vanishing $u,d$-quark masses has remained elusive, with different discretisations showing different orders of the transition in the small mass regime. We propose a modified analysis in the parameter space of degenerate quark masses, variable number of flavours and lattice spacing. Using unimproved staggered fermions with $N_f\in[2,7]$ and $N_\tau=4,6,8$, we map out regions of first-order transitions and crossover transitions, separated by a critical surface, in the bare parameter space of the lattice theory. This constrains the possibilities for an eventual continuum approach.

Speaker: Owe Philipsen (Goethe-University Frankfurt)

Lat21_Philipsen.pdf

459 Inhomogeneous phases in 1+1 dimensional Gross-Neveu models at finite number of flavors on the lattice

Four-fermion theories are widely appreciated as toy models for QCD and are also used in numerous condensed-matter applications. We investigate such theories, namely the 1+1 dimensional (chiral) Gross-Neveu models, at finite temperature and density, where mean field studies predict the existence of inhomogeneous phases, i.e., phases where the chiral condensate has a non-trivial spatial dependence. We discuss the fate of these phases when going to a finite number of fermion flavors on the lattice.

Speaker: Michael Mandl (FSU Jena)

Inhomogeneous phases in 1+1 dimensional Gross-Neveu models at finite number of flavors on the lattice

mandl_handout.pdf

460 Absence of inhomogeneous phases in the $2+1$-dim. Gross-Neveu model with chiral imbalance

In a previous work the regulator dependence of inhomogeneous phases in the $2+1$-dimensional Gross-Neveu model has been studied within the mean-field approximation. These are phases, where in addition to chiral symmetry also translational symmetry is broken. Inhomogeneous condensates are a feature shared among various strong-interaction models and not unique to the $2+1$-dimensional Gross-Neveu model. In this talk, a chiral chemical potential is introduced to the GN model in addition to finite temperature and chemical potential. The effects on the homogeneous as well as on inhomogeneous phases are studied using two lattice discretizations with naive fermions. The phase diagram is presented and the existence of inhomogeneous phases is ruled out.

Speaker: Marc Winstel (Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main)

Lattice mean-field investigations of inhomogeneous phases in low-dimensional, strongly interacting theories

Previous work on the 2+1-dimensional GN model

Winstel.pdf

Standard Model Parameters

Convener: Stefan Sint (Trinity College Dublin)

461 First Lattice QCD determination of semileptonic decays of charmed-strange baryons $\Xi_c$

While the standard model is the most successfully theory to describe all interactions and constituents in elementary particle physics, it has been constantly examined for over four decades. Weak decays of charm quarks can measure the coupling strength of quarks in different families and serve as an ideal probe for CP violation. As the lowest charm-strange baryons with three different flavors, $\Xi_c$ baryons (made of $csu$ or $csd$) have been extensively studied in experiments at the large hadron collider and in electron-positron collision. However the lack of reliable knowledge in theory becomes the unavoidable obstacle in the way. In this work, we use the state-of-the-art Lattice QCD techniques, and generate 2+1 clover fermion ensembles with two lattice spacings, $a=(0.108{\rm fm},0.080{\rm fm})$.
We then present the first {\it ab-initio} lattice QCD determination of form factors governing $\Xi_{c}\to \Xi \ell^+\nu_{\ell}$, analogous with the notable $\beta$-decay of nuclei. Our theoretical results for decay widths are consistent with and about two times more precise than the latest measurements by ALICE and Belle collaborations. Together with experimental measurements, we independently determine the quark-mixing matrix element $|V_{cs}|$, which is found in good agreement with other determinations.

Speaker: Wei Wang (SJTU)

517_R1Sm_Wei_Wang

462 Leptonic decays of charmed mesons with Wilson quarks

We present an overview of the RQCD and ALPHA collaboration's combined effort on charm decay constants. Our calcluations are based on the $N_\mathrm{f}=2+1$ CLS ensembles including the physical point. We discuss our analysis strategy and present results for the pseudoscalar and vector decay constants $f_{D_{(\mathrm{s})}}$ and $f_{D_{(\mathrm{s})}^\ast}$ as well as the coupling of the $D_{(\mathrm{s})}^\ast$-mesons to the tensor current.

Speaker: Mr Fabian Joswig (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität)

404_R1Sm_Fabian_Joswig

LATTICE21_Joswig.pdf

463 K- and D(s)-meson leptonic decay constants with physical light, strange and charm quarks by ETMC

We will present a lattice QCD computation of the decay constants for the pseudoscalar mesons K and D(s) in the isosymmetric limit by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC). Simulations of Nf=2+1+1 dynamical quarks have been performed with the twisted mass fermion action at three values of the lattice spacing, where the masses of the light, strange and charm quarks are all tuned at their physical values.

Speaker: Dr Petros Dimopoulos (University of Parma)

318_R1Sm_Petros_Dimopoulos

PD.pdf

464 Charm physics with a tmQCD valence action

We report on our ongoing determination of the charm quark mass and the masses and decay constants of various charmed mesons, obtained within a mixed-action setup. We employ $N_f=2+1$ CLS ensembles combined with a Wilson twisted mass valence action that eliminates the leading $O(a)$ effects from our target observables. Alongside our preliminary results, we will discuss an exploration of GEVP techniques aimed at optimizing the precision in view of the extension of the computation to heavier quark masses.

Speaker: Alessandro Conigli (UAM IFT-CSIC, MADRID)

140_R1Sm_Alessandro_Conigli

Lattice21_AConigli.pdf

465 $V_{cs}$ determination from $D \to{}K \ell \nu$

Semileptonic $D \to{}K \ell \nu$ decays provide one angle of attack to get at the CKM matrix element $V_{cs}$, complementary to the study of leptonic $D_s$ decays. Here HPQCD present the results of an improved determination of $V_{cs}$, recently released on the arXiv (2104.09883).

We discuss a new, precise determination of $D\to K$ scalar and vector form factors from a lattice calculation on eight different $N_f=2+1+1$ gluon field ensembles using the HISQ action, including three with physical light quark masses. When combined with experimental results, we are able to extract $|V_{cs}|=0.9663(80)$ to a sub percent level of precision for the first time. This is achieved using three different methods, which each combine our form factors with different sets of experimental results in different ways, with the results in very good agreement. Our primary method is to use $q^2$ binned data for the differential decay rate, but we also calculate $V_{cs}$ from the total branching fraction and from the value $|V_{cs}|f_+(0)$, which is also measured experimentally.

Speaker: William Parrott (University of Glasgow)

64_R1Sm_William_Parrott

WillParrottLat2021.pdf

466 $B_c \to J/\psi$ and $B_s \to D_s^*$ Decays with Lattice QCD

We present the results of HPQCD's recent calculation of the $B_c \to J/\psi$ semileptonic form factors and $R(J/\psi)$ for the first time from lattice QCD using the heavy-HISQ method. We also present results from lattice QCD, using the heavy-HISQ method, for the $B_s \to D_s^*$ semileptonic form factors and $R(D_s^*)$. We give a value for $|V_{cb}|$ computed using our results for the full kinematic range of $B_s \to D_s^*$ decay along with LHCb measurements. We also give a comparison between our results and experimental measurements of the differential shape of the decay rate and related parameters.

Speaker: Judd Harrison (University of Glasgow)

258_R1Sm_Judd_Harrison

Judd_Harrison_BctoJpsi_BstoDsstar.pdf

467 Comparison of lattice QCD results for inclusive semi-leptonic decays B mesons with the OPE

A recently proposed approach to inclusive semi-leptonic decay rate on the lattice allows for the calculation of various quantities (differential distributions and moments) in different subchannels. We systematically compare the lattice QCD results for unphysically light bottom and strange quarks with OPE-based predictions, including leading order perturbative and O(1/m^3) power corrections, and explore possible strategies to decrease the systematic uncertainty.

Speaker: Sandro Maechler (University of Turin)

355_R1Sm_Sandro_Maechler

Lattice_2021.pdf

468 Form factors for $B_c^+ \to D^0 \ell^+ \nu_{\ell}$ and rare $B_c^+ \to D_s^+ \ell^+ \ell^-$ with HISQ

We present HPQCD’s results of the first lattice QCD calculation of the weak matrix elements for $B_c^+ \to D^0 \ell^+ \nu_{\ell}$ facilitated by a $b \to u$ transition. Together with observation of this process from LHCb, our form factors will lead to a new determination of $V_{ub}$. In tandem, we also calculate the form factors for rare $B_c^+ \to D_s^+ \ell^+ \ell^-$. Results are derived from correlation functions computed on MILC Collaboration gauge configurations with three different lattice spacings including 2+1+1 flavours of dynamical sea quarks in the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) formalism. HISQ is also used for all of the valence quarks. We cover the full range of $q^2$. The uncertainty on the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(B_c^+ \to D^0 \ell^+ \nu_{\ell})$ from the error on our form factors is roughly twice as large as the contribution from the uncertainty on the present PDG value for $V_{ub}$. Prospects for reducing errors on our form factors are discussed which will guide future calculations, setting out the path towards highly precise determinations of the form factors.

Speaker: Laurence Cooper (University of Glasgow)

304_R1Sm_Laurence_Cooper

LaurenceCooper_BcD_BcDs.pdf

Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry

Conveners: Andreas Athenodorou (INFN - sez Pisa), Jon-Ivar Skullerud (National University of Ireland Maynooth)

469 Role of inhomogeneities in the flattening of the quantum effective potential

We investigate the role of inhomogeneous field configurations in systems with a spontaneously broken continuous global symmetry. Textbooks tell us that the quantum effective potential of the system is flat in the thermodynamic limit. At the same time, spontaneous breaking is defined through the double limit, infinite volume at finite explicit breaking sources, which then approach zero. This defining procedure leads to a flat potential by construction, however it is incapable of accessing the flat region itself. We argue that the flatness results from inhomogeneities and demonstrate it by carrying out constrained lattice simulations in the three dimensional O(2) model.

Speaker: Gergely Marko (University of Bielefeld)

224_R1Vs_Gergely_Marko

marko.pdf

470 Looking at the analytic structure of Landau gauge propagators

Lattice QCD is a first principle tool that allows to solve the theory in the non-perturbative regime. The Landau gauge quark, gluon and ghost propagator have been recently computed using both large physical volumes to access the IR region and large gauge ensembles that reduce the corresponding statistical uncertainties. However, lattice QCD only offers a table of numbers and further treatment is required to understand their meaning. We report a study of the fundamental QCD propagators based on Padé approximants to access their analytical structure. In particular, we try to identify the poles and branch cuts for each of the propagators.

Speaker: Orlando Oliveira (University of Coimbra)

379_R1Vs_Orlando_Oliveira

Lattice2021_OrlandoOliveira.pdf

471 Another look at the three-gluon vertex in the minimal Landau gauge

The lattice three-gluon vertex in the Landau gauge is revisited using a large physical volume $\sim(8\, \text{fm})^4$ and a large statistical ensemble. The improved calculation explores the symmetries of the hypercubic lattice to reduce the statistical uncertainties and to address the evaluation of the lattice artefacts. In particular we focus on the low energy behaviour of the vertex and look at evidences for (or not for) a change of sign and its relation with ghost dominance.

Speaker: Paulo Silva (University of Coimbra)

393_R1Vs_Paulo_Silva

silva.pdf

472 Quark-gluon vertex with 2 flavours of O(a) improved Wilson fermions

We study the Landau-gauge quark-gluon vertex with 2 flavours of O(a) improved Wilson
fermions, for several lattice spacings and quark masses. In the limit of vanishing gluon momentum, we find that all nonzero form factors have a significant infrared strength, and that the leading form factor $\lambda_1$, multiplying the tree-level vertex structure, is significantly enhanced in the infrared compared to the quenched case. We find that all form factors are further enhanced in the infrared as the chiral and continuum limits are approached.

Speaker: Jon-Ivar Skullerud (National University of Ireland Maynooth)

483_R1Vs_Jon-Ivar_Skullerud

quark-gluon.pdf

473 Complex poles of Landau-gauge QCD propagators and general properties

We study analytic structures of the gluon, quark, and ghost propagators in the Landau-gauge QCD and general properties from the existence of unusual singularities. First, we investigate analytic structures of the QCD propagators using the massive Yang-Mills model, in which the one-loop gluon and ghost propagators are in good agreement with the numerical lattice results in the Landau gauge. We find that both gluon and quark propagators in this model have complex poles that invalidate the usual spectral representation. Second, we discuss general properties of propagators in the presence of such complex singularities, especially on the positivity and locality. Finally, we consider a possible quantum mechanical interpretation and implications on a confinement mechanism.

Speaker: Yui Hayashi (Chiba University)

263_R1Vs_Yui_Hayashi

Lattice_2021_hayashi.pdf

474 The static potential in 2+1+1-flavor QCD

We report on the status of the analysis of the static potential in 2+1+1-flavor QCD. The static potential is obtained by measuring Wilson loops using the HISQ action, yielding the scales $r_{1}/a$, $r_{2}/a$, and the string tension $\sigma$. We put our emphasis on the possible effects due to the dynamic charm quark by comparing the lattice results to continuum results of the static potential with and without a massive flavor at two loops.

Speaker: Mr Sebastian Steinbeißer (Technische Universität München)

403_R1Vs_Sebastian_Steinbeißer

static_potential.pdf

475 Glueballs, localization and thermal monopoles in trace-deformed Yang-Mills theory.

In this talk I will present lattice results regarding the glueball
spectrum, the localization of Dirac eigenmodes and thermal monopoles
properties in trace-deformed YM theory. Trace deformation is an extra
piece added to the usual YM action, which stabilizes center symmetry
also in the limit of small compactification length. The study of
trace-deformation could give a deep insight on the relation between
non-perturbative properties and the realization of center symmetry, as
well as a theoretical playground to study the properties of YM theory
in a space with a compactified dimension. The glueball spectrum is
studied in the limit of small compactification length, when center
symmetry is recovered due to trace-deformation. The localization of
Dirac eigenmodes and the behavior of thermal monopoles, instead, is
studied across the re-confinement phase transition, in order to
understand if this quantities have a similar behavior of the one
observed in the usual deconfinement phase transition.

Speaker: Marco Cardinali (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)

132_R1Vs_Marco_Cardinali

cardinali_lattice_2021.pdf

476 The behavior of Topological objects above the chiral crossover transition in QCD

We compare the behavior of the analytic instanton-dyon solutions to zero and near-zero-modes of the overlap Dirac operator measured on the finite temperature 2+1 flavor lattice QCD configurations, generated with domain wall fermion discreitzation. By performing numerical fit to the (near) zero-modes from lattice calculations, we extract information about the typical distance between the dyons and the background Polyakov loop they feel in the temperature range 1.0-1.2T_c, T_c being the pseudo-critical temperature. We also show how the density of different species of dyons change as a function of temperature, and how this manifests in the eigenvalue distribution of the overlap Dirac operator.

Speaker: Rasmus Larsen (University of Stavanger)

230_R1Vs_Rasmus_Larsen

Lattice2021_RasmusLarsen.pdf

477 Finite temperature and delta-regime in the Schwinger model

The Schwinger model is often used as a testbed for conceptual and numerical
approaches in lattice field theory. Nevertheless, some of the rich physical
properties of the model in anisotropic volumes have not yet been tested.
For the multi-flavor finite temperature Schwinger model there is an
approximate solution by Hosotani et al. based on bosonization. We perform
thorough comparisons with the lattice results and check the validity and
limitations of the Hosotani approach. By inverting the physical interpretation
of the coordinates we explore the delta-regime and measure the dependence of
the pion mass on the spatial size at zero temperature. Our results confirm
universal features of theoretical predictions by Leutwyler, Hasenfratz and
Niedermayer and enable the computation of the Schwinger model counterpart of
pion decay constant. This is further compared with the 2d version of the
Witten-Veneziano formula.

Speaker: Ivan Hip (University of Zagreb)

100_R1Vs_Ivan_Hip

Lat21.pdf

478 Density of states techniques for lattice field theory with topological terms

Topological terms contribute an imaginary part to the action such that for a numerical simulation of such systems the corresponding complex action problem has to be overcome. We address this task with newly developed density of states techniques combined with open boundary conditions that lift the integer quantization of the topological charge. We present results for U(1) and SU(2) lattice gauge theory in 2 and 4 dimensions and demonstrate that the new approach allows for simulations at finite topological angle.

Speaker: Christof Gattringer (University of Graz)

436_R1Vs_Christof_Gattringer

Lattice_2021_Gattringer.pdf

479 Reconstructing QCD Spectral Functions with Gaussian Processes

We reconstruct spectral functions from ghost and gluon propagators obtained through lattice QCD calculations with dynamical quarks. To this end, we employ Gaussian process regression (GPR) using kernel parametrizations that explicitly encode the analytically derived asymptotic scaling properties in the infrared and ultraviolet. The proposed ansatz allows us to consistently improve the conditioning of the inverse problem while keeping the additional bias minimal. We largely avoid common problems associated with standard methods, such as unwanted oscillations in the case of linear regression with Tikhonov regularization. Numerical results are promising and motivate the reconstruction of quark spectral functions within the same framework in order to obtain access to real-time properties of QCD.

Speaker: Julian Urban (Heidelberg University)

27_R1Vs_Julian_Urban

Lattice21_Urban.pdf

480 Instanton effects on chiral symmetry breaking and hadron spectroscopy

Monopoles play crucial roles in the color confinement mechanism through condensing in the QCD vacuum, and the instantons induce spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. Monopoles and instantons are closely related to each other and interact among quarks and gluons in the QCD vacuum. It is very interesting if we can show a clue to observe monopoles and instantons by experiments. Therefore, we perform numerical simulations of lattice gauge theory and investigate the effects of monopoles and instantons on the hadrons.
First, we apply the monopole creation operator to QCD vacua and add one pair of monopole and anti-monopole to the QCD vacua of the quenched SU(3), varying the magnetic charges. Second, we estimate the effects of the monopoles and instantons on observables using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the overlap Dirac operator that preserves the exact chiral symmetry. Finally, we compare the numerical results with the predictions and find quantitative relations among the monopoles, instantons, and observables.
In the previous research, we have found that the added monopoles and anti-monopoles create the instantons and anti-instantons without changing the vacuum structure. We have discovered the effects of these instantons and anti-instantons on the observables by increasing the number density of the instantons and anti-instantons as follows: the chiral condensate (defined as a negative value) decreases, masses of the light quarks and mesons become heavy, and decay constants of the light mesons increase. The decay width and lifetime of the charged pion are estimated using these outcomes. The decay width of the charged pion becomes wider than the experiment, and the lifetime of the charged pion becomes shorter than the experiment. Finally, we have obtained quantitative relations among these observables and the number density of the instantons and anti-instantons.
This research investigates the instanton effects on the hadrons: the vector, eta, eta prime mesons, etc. I will show the preliminary results in this presentation.

Speaker: Dr Masayasu Hasegawa (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research)

22_R1Vs_Masayasu_Hasegawa

M.Hasegawa_Vacumm_ses_29July2021_3.pdf

Particle physics beyond the Standard Model

Convener: Axel Torsten Maas (University of Graz)

481 Perturbative study of the Gluino-Glue operator in SYM

We investigate the renormalization of the Gluino-Glue operator, using both Lattice Perturbation Theory (LPT) and a Gauge Invariant Renormalization Scheme (GIRS). The latter scheme involves gauge-invariant Green's functions of two operators at different space-time points, which can be also computed via numerical simulations. There is no need to fix a gauge and the mixing with gauge noninvariant operators is inconsequential. We calculate perturbatively the conversion factor relating GIRS with the Modified Minimal Subtraction scheme.
On the other hand, Gluino-Glue operator being composite, mixes with several gauge noninvariant operators which have the same quantum numbers. The determination of the mixing matrix on the lattice demands the calculation of 2-pt and 3-pt Green's functions with external gluon, gluino and ghost fields using LPT. We compute at one-loop order the renormalization of the Gluino-Glue operator and all operator mixing coefficients.

Speaker: Dr Marios Costa (University of Cyprus)

208_R1Pp_Marios_Costa

MCosta_Presentation.pdf

482 Estimates for the lightest baryon masses in $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

$\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory describes gluons interacting with gluinos, which are spin 1/2 Majorana particles in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. In addition to glueballs and mesonic bound states, the theory contains colour neutral bound states of three gluinos, which are analogous to baryons in QCD. We calculate their correlation functions, involving sunset diagrams'' andspectacle diagrams'', numerically for gauge group SU(2), and present an update on the estimates for the lowest masses.

Speaker: Dr Sajid Ali (Bielefeld University)

526_R1Pp_Sajid_Ali

lattice2021-talk_Ali.pdf

483 One Flavour QCD as an analog computer for SUSY

We numerically study QCD with a single quark flavour on the lattice probing predictions from effective field theories that are equivalent to minimal super-symmetric Yang-Mills theory in the large $N_c$ limit.

The hadronic spectrum including excited states is analyzed using one gauge coupling and several physical volumes and fermion masses. We use the LapH method and also compute disconnected diagrams.
Lattice simulations with an odd number of Wilson fermions give rise to regions of configuration space with a negative fermionic weight entailing a sign problem. We perform a detailed analysis on the spectrum of the Wilson-Dirac operator and report on observed cases of a negative fermion determinant in our ensembles.

Speaker: Felix Ziegler (University of Southern Denmark)

215_R1Pp_Felix_Ziegler

talk_Ziegler.pdf

484 Mixed adjoint-fundamental matter and applications towards SQCD and beyond

Gauge theories with fermions in adjoint and fundamental representations are relevant for many different applications including composite Higgs models and general aspects of the confinement problem. In this talk, I will present first results from simulations of SU(2) gauge theory with two Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation and one adjoint Majorana flavour. In this context, I will also discuss applications towards simulations of supersymmetric QCD.

Speaker: Georg Bergner

206_R1Pp_Georg_Bergner

210729Lattice2021.pdf

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Standard Model Parameters and Particle physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Discussion/social: Vacuum Structure, Confinement, and Chiral Symmetry discussion in Gather breakout room #4

485 IAC Meeting

Plenary

Convener: Chris Monahan (William & Mary)

486 The US Electron Ion Collider and Lattice QCD: Physics Opportunities and Experimental Challenges

The US electron ion collider (EIC) was established firmly as a project in the Office Of Science in January 2020. The EIC will be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) jointly by BNL and Jefferson Lab working as partners. An EIC Project has been setup and is making progress fast. The EIC Users Group is evolving in to proto-collaborations which are expecting to submit preliminary detector design proposals by December 2021 for evaluation. The detector construction will start in ~2024/25 and progress along with the machine, so as to have at least one detector ready when the machine starts providing the 1st beams ~2030. New ideas for measurements at the EIC are continually making the EIC’s science scope broader and stronger. In this talk I will present an overview of the EIC project, potential measurements with emphasis on precision and control, that could be of high interest to the Lattice QCD community.

Speaker: Abhay Deshpande (Stony Brook University)

651_R2Pl_Abhay_Deshpande

Abstract-EIC-at-Lattice2021-Plenary.pdf

EIC-at-Lattice 2021-final .pdf

487 Progress in x-dependent partonic distributions from lattice QCD

We review the latest progress in lattice QCD calculations of the partonic structure of hadrons. This structure is, in particular, described in terms of x-dependent distributions, the simplest of which are the standard parton distribution functions (PDFs). The lattice calculations rely on matrix elements probing spatial correlations between partons in a boosted hadron, that can be matched to light-cone correlations defining the relevant distributions. We discuss the recent theoretical and practical refinements of this strategy, as well as new exploratory directions. The latter include generalized parton distributions (GPDs), distributions beyond leading twist, flavor-singlet distributions and transverse-momentum dependent PDFs (TMDs). We also shortly consider the potential future impact of lattice data on phenomenology.

Speaker: Krzysztof Cichy

634_R2Pl_Krzysztof_Cichy

cichy-lattice21-slides.pdf

488 Recent progress on nucleon form factors

The form factors of the nucleon provide key information on nucleon properties and processes. When confronted with precisely measured observables from experiment, they serve as benchmark quantities for lattice calculations. On the other hand lattice determinations may serve as vital theory input for the interpretation of experiments, e.g. in neutrino-nucleus scattering. I will review recent progress in the calculation of nucleon form factors from the lattice and their relevance to future experiments.

Speaker: Dalibor Djukanovic

623_R2Pl_Dalibor_Djukanovic

Latt21_DDjukanovic.pdf

489 The impact of LQCD on transverse momentum parton phenomenology

Speakers: Iain Stewart (MIT), Iain Stewart (MIT)

652_R2Pl_Iain_Stewart

TMDpheno_Stewart.pdf

Discussion/social: In Gather

Discussion/social: Academic careers panel

Conveners: Martha Constantinou (Temple University), Phiala Shanahan (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

490 Academic careers panel

Panelist Biographies:

Professor Aida El-Khadra received her PhD. in 1989 from the University of California, Los Angeles, after receiving her diploma from Freie Universitaet, Berlin, Germany. She held postdoctoral research appointments at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and the Ohio State Univerity before joining the Illinois faculty in 1995. El-Khadra is a fellow of the American Physical Society, a recipient of the Department of Energy's Outstanding Junior Investigator Award, and a Sloan Foundation fellow. In addition to a number of other research and teaching awards, she has also been named a Fermilab Distinguished Scholar.

Vera Gülpers is a lecturer at the University in Edinburgh (UK) since July 2020. Vera finished her Ph.D. in September 2015 at the University in Mainz (Germany), where she had already graduated with a Diploma in Physics in 2011. Following her Ph.D., Vera has been a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Southampton (UK) from 2015 - 2018 and subsequently at the University of Edinburgh from 2018 - 2020 before taking on the Lecturer position in Edinburgh.

Taku Izubuchi received his Ph.D. at Tokyo University and held a postdoctoral position at Tsukuba University. In 1999 he was appointed as an Assistant Professor at Kanazawa University, and since 2003 he is affiliated with Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), as an RBRC Fellow of RIKEN, and later as an Assistant Scientist and RIKEN fellow of RIKEN-BNL Research Center. In 2010 he became an Associate Scientist at BNL, and since 2011 is the group leader of the Computing Group of RIKEN BNL Research Center. He is a recipient of the 2012 Ken Wilson Lattice Award, 2018 APS fellowship, 2019 BNL Science and Technology Award.

Xiangdong Ji received his bachelor's degree from Tongji University in 1982 and his Ph.D. from Drexel University in 1987. He was a postdoctoral researcher at Caltech and MIT. In 1991, he became Assistant Professor at the MIT, and in 1996 he moved to the University of Maryland, where he was the chair of the Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics from 2007 to 2009. He is also professor and chair of the Institute for Nuclear and Particle Physics at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Since 2005, he has also been a visiting professor at Peking University. In 2014 he won the Humboldt Prize and in 2015 he won the Outstanding Nuclear Physicists Award from the Jefferson Sciences Associates. In 2000, he became a fellow of the American Physical Society. In 2003, he won the Oversea Outstanding Chinese Scientist Award. In 2016 he won the Herman Feshbach Prize in Theoretical Nuclear Physics for pioneering work in developing tools to characterize the structure of the nucleon within QCD and for showing how its properties can be probed through experiments; this work not only illuminates the nucleon theoretically but also acts as a driver of experimental programs worldwide. In addition to his focus on nuclear physics, he also works on dark matter physics using liquid xenon detectors (a variety of neutrinos being candidates for dark matter), leptogenesis, neutrino mass, and neutrino oscillation in GUT models.

Jian Liang got his Ph.D. in 2015 from the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Then, he moved to the University of Kentucky as a postdoctoral fellow in the group of Prof. Keh-Fei Liu for 5 years. Since 2020, he is holding a faculty position at the Institute of Quantum Matter in South China Normal University.

Marina Marinkovic, currently an assistant professor at ETH Zurich, earned her Ph.D. in the computational physics group at the Humboldt University of Berlin. After a postdoctoral stay at the University of Southampton, she was awarded a prestigious CERN fellowship, which was followed by a Hitachi Assistant Professorship in High-Performance Computing, and a junior professorship at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. As one of the founding members of RC* collaboration, Marinkovic investigates the inclusion of isospin breaking effects to lattice simulations, while as a member of MUonE collaboration she uses lattice insights to augment results of CERN experiments. Her research on scalable algorithms for strong interaction aims to bring machine learning to the established areas of particle physics in simultaneous preparations for exascale computing and quantum computing era.

Tilo Wettig studied physics at the University of Tübingen and at SUNY Stony Brook, where he got his Ph.D. in 1994. After two postdocs at the Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg and at the Technical University of Munich he moved to Yale University as an assistant professor (1999) and associate professor (2003). In that period he was also a fellow of the RIKEN-BNL Research Center. In 2004 he moved to the University of Regensburg, where he is a full professor.

Savvas Zafeiropoulos is a researcher in the particle physics section of the Centre for Theoretical Physics - CNRS at the Aix-Marseille-Université et Université de Toulon. His research interests include Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics, Random Matrix Theory, Chiral Perturbation Theory, Non-Perturbative Renormalization, Phase Diagram of QCD, Quark-Gluon Plasma, Heavy Ions, Graphene, Parton Distribution Functions.

Speaker: Martha Constantinou (Temple University)

Academic_Careers_Panel_ALL.pdf

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Convener: Taku Izubuchi (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

491 Comparison of topology changing update algorithms

In modern lattice simulations, conventional update algorithms do not allow for tunneling between topological sectors at fine lattice spacings. We compare the viability of multiple (less commonly used) algorithms with respect to proper sampling of all topological sectors in the Schwinger model. We briefly comment on the prospects of applying these methods to 4-dimensional SU(3) simulations.

Speaker: Mr Timo Eichhorn (Wuppertal University)

540_R3Al_Timo_Eichhorn

Eichhorn_Lattice21_Talk.pdf

metapotential_anim.mp4

492 Improved topological sampling for lattige gauge theories

Standard sampling algorithms for lattice QCD suffer from topology freezing (or critical slowing down) when approaching the continuum limit, thus leading to poor sampling of the distinct topological sectors. I will present a modified Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm that triggers topological sector jumps during the assembly of Markov chain of lattice configurations. We study its performance in the 2D Schwinger model and compare it to alternative methods, such as fixing topology or master field. We then discuss the difficulties of the algorithm in a SU(2) gauge model in 4D.

Speaker: David Albandea Jordán (IFIC - University of Valencia)

65_R3Al_David_Albandea_Jordán

Albandea_Lattice-Conference-2021.pdf

493 Flow-based sampling for fermionic field theories

Flow models are emerging as a promising approach to sampling complicated probability distributions via machine learning in a way that can be made asymptotically exact. For applications to lattice field theory in particular, success has been demonstrated in proof-of-principle studies of scalar theories, gauge theories, and thermodynamic systems. This work develops approaches which enable flow-based sampling of theories with fermionic degrees of freedom, as is necessary for the technique to be applied to lattice field theory studies of the Standard Model of particle physics, and of many condensed matter systems. The method is demonstrated on Yukawa theory in 1+1 dimensions.

Speaker: Michael Albergo (New York University)

583_R3Al_Michael_Albergo

fermions_lattice2021.pdf

494 Neural Network Field Transformation and Its Application in HMC

We propose a continuous differentiable and invertible gauge field transformation parametrized with neural networks. We apply this technique to 2D U(1) pure gauge system, combine the transformation and HMC, and train the neural network field transformation for improved tunneling of topological sectors during the gauge generation. We present the properties of the trained transformation applied to the gauge fields with different gauge couplings and lattice volumes, and discuss the cost and benefit of this algorithm in tackling the critical slowing down of generating independent gauge configurations toward the continuum limit.

Speaker: Xiao-Yong Jin (Argonne National Laboratory)

613_R3Al_Xiao-Yong_Jin

talk.pdf

495 Sampling lattice gauge theory in four dimensions with normalizing flows

Flow-based models were previously successfully applied for the generation of configurations in lattice (gauge) field theories in two dimensions. In this work, we discuss further development of this approach for lattice gauge theories in four dimensions. We show several implementations and apply improvements to the approach. We study different masking patterns and choices of frozen loops, as well as improvements to the flow transformations. Also, we investigate different machine learning methods such as different architectures of neural networks and training protocols.

Speaker: Denis Boyda (ANL, MIT)

581_R3Al_Denis_Boyda

boyda.pdf

496 Riemannian Manifold Hybrid Monte Carlo in Lattice QCD

Critical slowing down presents a critical obstacle to lattice QCD calculation at the smaller lattice spacings made possible by Exascale computers. Inspired by the concept of Fourier acceleration, we study a version of the Riemannian Manifold HMC (RMHMC) algorithm in which the canonical mass term of the HMC algorithm is replaced by a rational function of the gauge-covariant, QCD Laplace operator. We have developed a suite of tools using Chebyshev filters based on the QCD Laplacian that provides the power spectra of both the gauge and fermion forces and determines the spectral dependence of the resulting RMHMC evolution of long- and short-distance QCD observables. These tools can be used to precisely tune the RMHMC mass term and to anticipate the resulting degree of Fourier acceleration that should be achieved.

Speaker: Tuan Nguyen (Columbia University)

2021_Lattice_Presentation.pdf

514_R3Al_Tuan_Nguyen

497 Gauge-Fixed Fourier Acceleration

For an asymptotically free theory, a promising strategy for eliminating Critical Slowing Down (CSD) is naïve Fourier acceleration. This requires the introduction of gauge-fixing into the action, in order to isolate the asymptotically decoupled Fourier modes. In this talk, we present our approach and results from a gauge-fixed Fourier-accelerated hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm, using an action that softly fixes the gauge links to Landau Gauge. We compare the autocorrelation times with those of the pure hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm. We work on a small-volume lattice at weak coupling. We use fixed, equilibrated boundary links to avoid $\mathbb{Z}_3$ and other topological barriers and to anticipate applying a similar acceleration to many small cells in a large, physically-relevant lattice volume.

Speaker: Ahmed Sheta (Columbia University)

451_R3Al_Ahmed_Sheta

Presentation - Gauge-Fixed Fourier Acceleration.pdf

498 LeapFrogLayers: A Trainable Framework for Effective Topological Sampling

We introduce LeapfrogLayers, an invertible neural network architecture that can be trained to efficiently sample the topology of a 2D U(1) lattice gauge theory. We show an improvement in the integrated autocorrelation time of the topological charge when compared with traditional HMC, and propose methods for scaling our model to larger lattice volumes.

Speaker: Sam Foreman (Argonne National Laboratory)

579_R3Al_Sam_Foreman

l2hmc_lattice2021.pdf

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Convener: Raul Briceno (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facillity)

499 Analytic Expansions of Two- and Three-Particle Excited-State Energies

The last years have seen significant developments in methods relating two- and three-particle finite-volume energies to scattering observables. These relations holds for both weakly and strongly interacting systems, and studying their predictions in limiting cases can provide important cross checks as well as giving useful insights to the general formulae. In this talk, I present analytic results for finite-volume excited states, including moving frames, recovered by expanding the general relations in powers of the interaction strength. In particular, I highlight the elegant patterns that are predicted, especially for excited three-particle energies, and discuss various applications of the results.

Speaker: Dr Dorota Maria Grabowska (CERN)

261_R3Sp_Dorota_Maria_Grabowska

Grabowska Lattice 2021.key

Grabowska Lattice 2021.pdf

500 Three-particle quantization condition for nondegenerate particles

We provide the generalization of the formalism needed to relate the three-particle
finite-volume spectrum to infinite-volume scattering amplitudes for the case of three nondegenerate scalar particles with arbitrary masses. The results can be expressed in a form similar to those for identical particles, except for the addition of an extra flavor index. We do so using a simplified method in which one first works in time-ordered perturbation theory, and obtains a three-particle quantization condition involving a three-particle kernel whose nine flavor-matrix entries correspond to different subclasses of diagrams. The second stage uses symmetrization identities to rewrite the quantization condition in a form with a single three-particle kernel that sums all diagrams and is Lorentz invariant. The relation of these kernels to the infinite-volume scattering amplitude is also given. A third form of the formalism, which is explicitly Lorentz invariant at every stage, is also derived using Feynman diagrams.

Speaker: Stephen Sharpe (University of Washington)

28_R3Sp_Stephen_Sharpe

sharpe_lat21.pdf

501 Three-hadron s- and d-wave interactions from lattice QCD

The past several years have seen significant progress in the theoretical developments for interpreting three-particle finite-volume energies. The successful application of these frameworks using lattice data for three-pion and three-kaon systems with maximal isospin has been demonstrated from several groups using a modest set of energies to constrain the three-particle interactions. Here we present results to push the limits of these finite-volume formalisms by extracting hundreds of energies in frames up to, and including, $L^2/(2\pi)^2 \boldsymbol{P}^2 = 9$ on three CLS ensembles with pion masses of 200, 285, and 345 MeV at fixed lattice spacing. To date, only the generic relativistic field theory approach (RFT) has included higher partial waves, and we find the inclusion of d-wave interactions in both the two- and three-particle systems to be necessary to describe our data, thus going beyond s-wave interactions in the three-particle sector for the first time.

Speaker: Dr Andrew Hanlon (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

488_R3Sp_Andrew_Hanlon

hanlon_lattice_2021.pdf

502 Parameters of the a1(1260) resonance from lattice QCD

We present the first determination of the universal parameters of the a1(1260) from QCD. This consists of three steps presented in the talk:
(1) Lattice QCD calculation including three-meson operators; (2) Generalization of three-body quantization condition including sub-systems with spin and coupled channels; (3) Analytic continuation of the infinite-volume amplitude and determination of the pole positions and branching ratios. Some comparison to phenomenology will be discussed as well.

Speaker: Maxim Mai (The George Washington University)

112_R3Sp_Maxim_Mai

LAT21-MM.pdf

503 Three pion interactions from the lattice

Much of the resonant spectrum of QCD consists of states which decay strongly into two- and three-body final states. Lattice QCD calculations have matured to the stage where these states can be reliably resolved in first principles numerical calculations. While connecting these finite-volume results to infinite-volume scattering is now commonplace in the two-body sector, three-body physics presents more difficulties.

On the back of the significant progress made in connecting three-body scattering in infinite-volume to finite-volume states, the first determinations of three-body interactions from lattice QCD have recently begun to appear. Building on success in the two-pion sector, I will present our recent lattice QCD calculations of three-pion systems in maximal isospin, with a focus on a recent extraction of the 3$\pi^+$ three-body force, and a comparison to other determinations.

Speaker: Ruairí Brett (George Washington University)

89_R3Sp_Ruairí_Brett

brettLattice21.pdf

504 Three-particle finite-volume formalism for $\pi^+ \pi^+ K^+$ and related systems

We consider three-particle systems consisting of two identical particles and a third that is different, with all being spinless, e.g. $\pi^+ \pi^+ K^+$. We generalize the formalism necessary to extract two- and three-particle infinite-volume scattering amplitudes from the spectrum of such systems in finite volume. We use a relativistic formalism based on an all-orders diagrammatic analysis in generic effective field theory, adopting the methodology used recently to study the case of three nondegenerate particles. We present both a direct derivation, and also a cross-check based on an appropriate limit and projection of the fully nondegenerate formalism. Lastly, we work out the threshold expansions for the three-particle K-matrix that will be needed in practical applications, both for systems with two identical particles plus a third, and also for the fully nondegenerate theory.

Speaker: Tyler Blanton (University of Washington)

31_R3Sp_Tyler_Blanton

Lattice_2021.pdf

505 Infinite volume, three-body scattering formalisms in the presence of bound states

Strong interactions produce a rich spectrum of resonances which decay into three or more hadrons. Understanding their phenomenology requires a theoretical framework to extract parameters from experimental data and lattice QCD simulations of hadron scattering. Two classes of relativistic three-body approaches are currently being pursued: the EFT-based and unitarity-based one. We consider a model of relativistic three-body scattering with an $S$-wave bound state in the two-body sub-channel using both formalisms. We present and discuss numerical solutions for the multi-hadron scattering amplitudes in different kinematical regions, obtained from integral equations of the EFT-based approach. We present the connection of our work to the ongoing program of computing three-body spectrum from the lattice. We also show how to generalize the unitarity-based framework to include all relevant open channels, discuss the nonphysical singularities near the physical region, and show how to eliminate them in a simple case.

Speaker: Sebastian Dawid (Indiana University Bloomington)

426_R3Sp_Sebastian_Dawid

SMDawid_Lattice 2021.pdf

Hadron Structure

Convener: Raza Sufian (William & Mary / Jefferson Lab)

506 Decomposition of the proton spin from lattice QCD

The origin of the proton spin has attracted a lot of attention since the first surprising result from the European Muon Collaboration about 30 years ago. We present a significant step towards solving the proton spin puzzle. The calculation is done using $N_f=2+1+1$ twisted mass fermions directly at the physical point. Both gluon and quark contributions to the proton spin are evaluated, where the latter are computed in high precision for both valence and sea quarks. The renormalization is performed non-perturbatively taking into account the mixing between the gluon and quark operators. We will present results for the up, down, strange and charm quark momentum fractions, intrinsic spin, angular momentum, and orbital angular momentum as well as the gluon contributions.

Speaker: Kyriakos Hadjiyiannakou (The Cyprus Institute)

137_R3St_Kyriakos_Hadjiyiannakou

507 Lattice Observables for Parton Distributions

We review recent theoretical developments concerning the definition and the renormalization of equal-time correlators that can be computed on the lattice and related to Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) through a factorization formula. We focus on the theoretical aspects in the context of a scalar field theory.

Speaker: Luigi Del Debbio (The University of Edinburgh (GB))

421_R3St_Luigi_Del_Debbio

508 Generalized parton distributions of the proton from lattice QCD

Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) are among the most fundamental quantities for describing the internal structure of hadrons, providing information about the momentum and spatial distributions of quarks and gluons. Exclusive scattering processes offer a natural framework to extract GPDs from experiments. However, the exclusivity of the process and their indirect relation to the corresponding cross-sections, through Compton form factors, make their determination very challenging.
In this talk, we discuss results on isovector GPDs of the proton obtained within lattice QCD. We use the quasi-distribution formalism, which relies on computations of correlation functions that, for sufficiently fast-moving hadrons, can be matched to light-cone distributions using Large Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET). The calculation is performed on an ensemble of $N_f=2+1+1$ maximally twisted mass fermions, with pion mass $M_{\pi}=260$ MeV and lattice spacing $a\simeq 0.093$ fm. The proton is boosted up to $1.67$ GeV, which exhibits convergence. Results are presented for unpolarized, helicity, and transversity GPDs at zero and non-zero skewness with controlled statistical uncertainties. Comparisons with their forward limit show qualitative features anticipated from model calculations.

Speaker: Aurora Scapellato (Temple University)

313_R3St_Aurora_Scapellato

509 Relating Euclidean correlators and light-cone correlators beyond leading twist

During recent years there has been a tremendous and exciting activity which aims at calculating the full x-dependence of parton distributions (PDFs) and related quantities in lattice QCD. To this end one needs to compute Euclidean correlators which through a perturbative matching procedure can be related to the light-cone correlation functions of interest. While the matching has already been studied in quite some detail for twist-2 light-cone PDFs, the twist-3 case was addressed only very recently for the first time. On the other hand, considering twist-3 PDFs is very important and promising as there exists very little experimental information in this field, mostly due to the kinematical suppression of twist-3 effects. We report on the status of matching calculations for twist-3 PDFs by highlighting the potential role played by singular zero-mode contributions and the need for considering 3-parton correlators. We will also show some pioneering lattice results in this field.

Speaker: Andreas Metz (Temple University)

500_R3St_Andreas_Metz

Lattice_2021_Metz.pdf

510 First study of twist-3 PDFs and GPDs for the proton from Lattice QCD

The non-perturbative part of the cross-section of high-energy processes may be expanded in terms of the process's large energy scale. This gives rise to a tower of distribution functions, labeled by their twist (mass dimension minus spin). The leading twist (twist-2) contributions have been at the center of experimental measurements, theoretical investigations, and lattice QCD calculations. It has been recognized that twist-3 contributions to distribution functions can be sizable and should not be neglected. However, it is challenging to disentangle them experimentally from their leading counterparts, posing limitations on the structure of the proton.

In this talk, we will present selected results on the x-dependence of the proton twist-3 PDFs gT(x) and hL(x). We will also show the first results on the twist-3 helicity GPDs for selected values of the momentum transfer. All calculations have been performed using the quasi-distributions method, and the lattice data are matched to the light-cone distributions using the LaMET framework. We use one ensemble of two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark (Nf=2+1+1) of maximally twisted mass fermions with a clover term, reproducing a pion mass of 260 MeV.

Speaker: Prof. Martha Constantinou (Temple University)

288_R3St_Martha_Constantinou

Lattice_2021_Constantinou.pdf

511 Charged and neutral pion magnetic polarisabilities using the background field method

The magnetic polarisability of the pion is calculated at a range of quark masses using the background field method. These results are facilitated by the use of the background-field corrected clover fermion action which removes the unphysical quark mass renormalisation due to the Wilson term in a background magnetic field. A magnetic-field dependent quark-propagator projector enables the ground state isolation necessary to construct the relativistic energy differences used to extract the magnetic polarisability. The excellent signal-to-noise properties of pion two-point correlation functions produces precise values for both the charged and neutral pion.

Speaker: Dr Ryan Bignell (Swansea University)

338_R3St_Ryan_Bignell

example.pdf

512 Charged Pion Electric Polarizability from Lattice QCD

Electric and magnetic polarizabilities are two of the fundamental properties of hadrons which help us understand the distribution of charge and currents inside hadrons and how they respond to external electromagnetic fields. For nucleons, these values are determined experimentally from Compton scattering. For charged pions, the experiments are more challenging since no free pion target is available and the results are less precise, but a number of experiments are planned that will improve the accuracy. Lattice QCD can be used to compute hadron properties as determined by quark and gluon dynamics, providing results that are complementary to other theoretical approaches. In this talk I will review the lattice QCD methods used to compute hadron polarizabilities, focusing on electric polarizability of charged pion, and present our results.

Speaker: Hossein Niyazi (The George Washington University)

118_R3St_Hossein_Niyazi

Presentation.pdf

513 Pion electric polarizabilities from lattice QCD

We report a first principle lattice calculation of the pion electric polarizablity $\alpha_\pi$. First, we derive the master formula, which relate the pion polarizabilies with the position space hadronic Compton tensor, $\langle \pi | J_\mu(x) J_\nu(0) | \pi \rangle$. Then, the hadronic tensor is calculated using Domain Wall fermions directly at physical pion mass. The gauge ensembles are generated by the RBC-UKQCD collaborations. The finite volume effects are exponentially suppressed by the spatial extent of the lattice. We have studied the finite volume and also the discretization effects with different lattice volumes and lattice spacings.

Speaker: Luchang Jin

184_R3St_Luchang_Jin

pion-polarizabilities-luchang.pdf

Particle physics beyond the Standard Model

Convener: Claudio Rebbi (Boston University)

514 Bulk-preventing actions for SU(N) gauge theories

We introduce a on-parameter family of SU(N) gauge actions which, when used in combination with an HMC update algorithm, prevent the gauge system from entering an artificial bulk-"phase". We briefly discuss the (presumed) mechanism behind the bulk-prevention and present test results for different SU(N) gauge groups.

Speaker: Tobias Rindlisbacher (University of Helsinki)

Bulk-preventing actions for SU(N) gauge theories

rindlisbacher_bulk_prevention.pdf

515 Thermal phase structure of dimensionally reduced super-Yang--Mills

I will present lattice investigations into the thermal phase structure of the Berenstein--Maldacena--Nastase deformation of maximally supersymmetric Yang--Mills quantum mechanics. The phase diagram of the theory depends on both the temperature $T$ and the deformation parameter $\mu$, through the dimensionless ratios $T / \mu$ and $g = \lambda / \mu^3$ with $\lambda$ the 't Hooft coupling. We determine the deconfinement $T / \mu$ for couplings $g$ that span three orders of magnitude, to interpolate between the weak-coupling perturbative prediction and large-$N$ dual supergravity calculations in the strong-coupling limit. Analyzing multiple lattice sizes up to $N_{\tau} = 24$ and numbers of colors up to $N = 16$ allows initial checks of the large-$N$ continuum limit.

Speaker: David Schaich (University of Liverpool)

2107Lattice.pdf

Parallel software for lattice supersymmetry

Thermal phase structure of dimensionally reduced super-Yang--Mills

516 Lattice N = 4 super Yang-Mills at strong coupling

In this talk we present results from numerical simulations of $\mathcal{N}$ = 4 super Yang-Mills for two color gauge theory over a wide range of ’t Hooft coupling $0 < \lambda ≤ 30$ using a supersymmetric lattice action. Numerical study of this lattice theory has been stymied until recently by both sign problems and the occurrence of lattice artifact phases at strong coupling. We have recently developed a new action that appears capable of solving both problems. The resulting action possesses just $SU(2)$ rather than $U(2)$ gauge symmetry. By explicit computations of the fermion Pfaffian we present evidence that the theory possesses no sign problem and exists in a single phase out to arbitrarily strong coupling. Furthermore, preliminary work shows that the logarithm of the supersymmetric Wilson loop varies as the square root of the ’t Hooft coupling $\lambda$ for large $\lambda$ in agreement with holographic predictions.

Speaker: Goksu Can Toga (Syracuse University)

lattice2021_goksu_toga.pdf

Lattice N = 4 super Yang-Mills at strong coupling

517 Exploring a composite Higgs scenario in a model with four light and six heavy flavors

Mass-split models are governed by a nearby conformal infrared fixed point and therefore feature by construction a large separation of scales. This makes them attractive candidates to explore beyond the standard model scenarios describing the Higgs boson as a composite particle. We report updates on our investigation based on an SU(3) gauge theory with four light and six heavy flavors in the fundamental representation. Using ratios of light over heavy flavor masses from 1 down to 0.08, we demonstrate the presence of conformal hyperscaling, explore the validity of dilaton chiral perturbation theory (dChPT) as an effective theory describing our model, and determine the anomalous mass dimension.

Speaker: Oliver Witzel (Universität Siegen)

Exploring a composite Higgs scenario in a model with four light and six heavy flavors

witzel_oliver.pdf

518 Goldstone Scattering with a Light Composite Scalar

In this talk, we present a lattice study of the scattering of pseudo-Goldstone Bosons in SU(3) gauge theory with $N_f=8$ light Dirac fermions, a theory which lies close to the boundary of the conformal window. The scattering phase shift is measured in the s-wave, maximal isospin channel for different values of the scattering momentum, as well as for different values of the underlying fermion mass. A light singlet scalar in the spectrum has been reported in earlier studies, and its effect on the scattering of pseudo-Goldstones is examined by comparing the lattice measurements to a dilaton EFT.

Speaker: James Ingoldby (ICTP (Trieste))

Goldstone Scattering with a Light Composite Scalar

Ingoldby_Lat21.pdf

519 Dilaton chiral perturbation theory and applications

We review dilaton chiral perturbation theory (dChPT), the low-energy theory for the light sector of near-conformal, confining theories. dChPT accounts for the pions and the light scalar,and provides a systematic expansion in both the fermion mass and the distance to the conformal window. Unlike ChPT, dChPT predicts a large-mass regime in which the theory exhibits hyperscaling,while the expansion nevertheless remains systematic. We discuss applications to lattice data, presenting successes as well as directions for future work.

Speaker: Maarten Golterman (San Francisco State University)

Dilaton chiral perturbation theory and applications

Lattice2021_Golterman.pdf

520 S parameter from a prototype composite-Higgs model

We calculate the low-energy constant $L_{10}$ in an SU(4) lattice gauge theory
with dynamical fermions in two representations. This theory is close to a particular composite-Higgs model. From this, we obtain the contribution of the new strong sector to the S parameter. The resulting upper bound on the vacuum misalignment parameter $\xi$ is similar to current estimates for this bound. We outline future directions for lattice calculations in near-conformal composite-Higgs models.

Speaker: Yigal Shamir (Tel Aviv University)

LATT21.pdf

S parameter from a prototype composite-Higgs model

521 Testing dilaton potentials for near conformal gauge theories

In the context of possible dilaton behavior in near conformal gauge theories, it has recently been proposed that a parametrized potential $V_\Delta$, interpolating between two limiting forms, might effectively describe the light particle spectrum. We tested two models, namely SU(3) gauge theory with $N_f = 8$ fermions in the fundamental rep or $N_f = 2$ fermions in the sextet rep, against this hypothesis. The data are found to be consistent with the $V_\Delta$ potential across a broad parametrization range, in contrast to claims by other groups that the $N_f = 8$ model prefers one limit over the other.

Speaker: chik him wong (University of Wuppertal)

presentation.pdf

Testing dilaton potentials for near conformal gauge theories

Standard Model Parameters

Convener: Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco (University of Utah)

522 Precision $B^*B\pi$ coupling from three flavor lattice QCD

We consider three-flavor QCD and perform a determination of the low energy coupling $\hat g$ of SU(2) Heavy Meson Chiral Perturbation Theory. It is the $B^*B\pi$ coupling in the limit of static heavy and chiral light quarks in $N_\mathrm{f}=2+1$ flavor QCD and has not been determined with precision thus far. The calculation is performed on the $2+1$ flavor CLS ensembles using the summed GEVP method.
The extrapolation to the limit of chiral light quarks is based on a number of gauge ensembles with pion masses in the range from $420\,$MeV down to $130\,$MeV. This allows us to significantly reduce the systematic uncertainty from the extrapolation compared to previous works. Only a weak dependence on the lattice spacing is visible in our results.
This work is a first step in the $2+1$ flavor HQET program of the ALPHA collaboration.

Speaker: Mr Simon Kuberski (Helmholtz-Institut Mainz)

231_R3Sm_Simon_Kuberski

lattice21_kuberski.pdf

523 Non-perturbative bounds for the semileptonic $B \to D^{(*)} \ell \nu_\ell$ decays and phenomenological applications

We apply a novel method to a non-perturbative determination of the hadronic form factors describing the exclusive semileptonic $B \to D^{(*)} \ell \nu_\ell$ decays. The method is based on the non-perturbative calculation of the dispersive bounds due to unitarity and analyticity, and it allows to determine in a model-independent way the form factors in the full kinematical range of the recoil, starting from existing lattice data which are available only at small recoil (including preliminary ones). We investigate the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa entry $|V_{cb}|$ from the experimental data on the semileptonic $B \to D^{(*)} \ell \nu_\ell$ decays, obtaining $|V_{cb}| = (40.7 \pm 1.2) \cdot 10^{-3}$ from $B \to D$ decays and $|V_{cb}| = (40.6 \pm 1.6) \cdot 10^{-3}$ from $B \to D^*$ decays. Our esclusive results are consistent within $\sim 1$ standard deviation with the most recent inclusive determination $|V_{cb}|_{incl} = (42.00 \pm 0.65) \cdot 10^{-3}$. We address also the issue of Lepton Flavor Universality thanks to new theoretical estimates of the ratios $R(D^{(*)})$, namely $R(D) = 0.289(8)$ and $R(D^*) = 0.249(21)$. Our findings differ respectively by $\sim 1.6 \sigma$ and $\sim 1.8 \sigma$ from the latest corresponding experimental determinations.

Speaker: Ludovico Vittorio (SNS, Pisa & INFN, Pisa)

50_R3Sm_Ludovico_Vittorio

Vcb_Lattice2021_LV_FINAL.pdf

524 SU(3) symmetry breaking in $f_B$ and $f_{B_s}$

Experimental precision for measurements of $B$ meson decays will continue to improve over the coming years as Belle II collects more data and the LHC returns to operation after its upgrade period. Independent measurements of $V_{ub}$ will soon be possible using rare $B\to\tau\nu$ decays, for which $B$ meson decay constants $f_B$ are a key input.

We present updates from UKQCD/QCDSF/CSSM on the $SU(3)_{f}$ breaking in $B$ meson decay constants, using weighted averaging methods during the correlator fitting process. The $b$-quarks are generated with an anisotropic clover-improved action, and are tuned to match properties of the physical $B$ and $B^*$ mesons. Configurations are generated with $\overline{m} = \frac{1}{3}(2m_l + m_s)$ kept constant to control symmetry breaking effects. Various sources of systematic uncertainty will be discussed, including those from continuum extrapolations and extrapolations to the physical point.

Speaker: Sophie Hollitt (Technische Universitaet Dortmund (DE))

405_R3Sm_Sophie_Hollitt

SU3infB_SHollitt.pdf

525 Semileptonic form factors for $B\to\pi\ell\nu$ decays

The desire for additional determinations of the CKM matrix element $V_{ub}$ and a long-standing 2-3$\sigma$ discrepancy between results from inclusive $B\to X_u$ and exclusive $B\to\pi$ processes motivate the study of $B\to\pi$ semileptonic form factors on the lattice. The status of our preliminary $B\to\pi\ell\nu$ results will be discussed by highlighting updates to our analysis. The analysis is carried out on a subset of the RBC/UKQCD 2+1f Iwasaki gauge action ensembles, with $b$ quarks simulated using the Columbia formulation of the relativistic heavy quark action, and the light valence-quarks simulated with domain wall fermions. We predict scalar and vector form factors over the entire range of allowed $q^2$ and use our results to test lepton universality $\textit{via}$ the R-ratio $\Gamma (B\to\pi\tau\nu) / \Gamma(B\to\pi\ell\nu)$​, where $\ell$ in the denominator is either an electron or muon.

Speaker: Ryan Hill

238_R3Sm_Ryan_Hill

ryan_hill.pdf

526 Form factors for semileptonic Bs to K and Bs to Ds decays

Semileptonic Bs to K and Bs to Ds decays provide additional channels to determine the CKM matrix elements |Vub| and |Vcb| or to investigate lepton flavour universality violation in R-ratios comparing decays with heavy or light final state leptons. We calculate the decay form factors using domain-wall light, strange and charm quarks, with the Columbia formulation of the RHQ action for the b-quark. Form factors f+ and f0 are obtained with full error budgets at q-squared values spanning the range accessible in our simulations. Fits to z-parametrisations extend our results to the entire allowed kinematic range. We compute differential branching fractions and two forms of R-ratios.

Speaker: Jonathan Flynn (University of Southampton)

282_R3Sm_Jonathan_Flynn

slides.pdf

527 Charmed semileptonics with twisted-mass valence quarks

Our charm program uses a mixed action with twisted-mass valence quarks over non-perturbatively improved Wilson sea quarks, in order to study various quantities in a relativistic and manifestly local framework of full QCD. The sea sector consists of $N_f=2+1$ ensembles generated by the CLS initiative. Thanks to open boundary conditions, this offers access to fine ensembles without topological freezing. In this talk I will more particularly present our current progress on $D \to K\nu l$ and $D\to\pi\nu l$ semileptonics. Those are mainly useful for the computation of the CKM matrix elements $|V_{cs}|$ and $|V_{cd}|$.
As we will see, all discretisation effects seem to be reasonably under control with this choice of action, in particular those related to hypercubic lattice artefacts. Eventually, we obtain preliminary results of the form factors as a very smooth curve on the whole range of momentum transfer, and in particular the signal at zero $q^2$ appears to have the potential to be competitive with earlier published results.

Speaker: Julien Frison (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

274_R3Sm_Julien_Frison

Presentation.pdf

528 Semileptonic $D \rightarrow \pi \ell \nu$, $D \rightarrow K \ell \nu$ and $D_s \rightarrow K \ell \nu$ decays with 2+1f Domain Wall Fermions

We present the status of a project to calculate $D \rightarrow \pi \ell \nu$, $D \rightarrow K \ell \nu$ and $D_s \rightarrow K \ell \nu$ semileptonic form factors with 2+1f Domain Wall Fermions for both heavy and light quarks. We plan to cover the full kinematic range and three point functions are being computed on the RBC-UKQCD Iwasaki gauge ensembles. Given the exponential growth of noise, good projection on the ground state is critical for success. We include an analysis of operator diagonalisation within several possible $2 \times 2$ operator bases and find an admixture of gauged fixed wall and $\mathbb{Z} \left( 2 \right)$ wall sources to be acceptable at both zero and non-zero momentum. Initial results for semileptonic form factors are presented for first ensembles.

Speaker: Michael Marshall (University of Edinburgh)

213_R3Sm_Michael_Marshall

Lat21Marshall.pdf

529 Non-Perturbative Bounds for Semileptonic Decays in Lattice QCD

We present a new method aiming at a non-perturbative, model-independent determination of the momentum dependence of the form factors entering hadronic semileptonic decays using unitarity and analyticity constraints. We extend the original proposal of Ref. [1] and, using suitable two-point functions computed non-perturbatively, we determine the form factors at low-momentum transfer $q^2$ from those computed explicitly on the lattice at large $q^2$, without making any assumption about their $q^2$ dependence. As a training ground we apply the new method to the analysis of the lattice data of the semileptonic $D \to K \ell \nu_\ell$ decays obtained in Ref. [2] both at finite values of the lattice spacing and at the physical pion point in the continuum limit. We show that, starting from a limited set of data at large $q^2$ it is possible to determine quite precisely the form factors in a model independent way in the full kinematical range, obtaining a remarkable agreement with the direct calculation of the form factors of Ref. [2]. This finding opens the possibility to obtain non-perturbatively the form factors entering the semileptonic $B$ decays in their full kinematical range.

References

[1] L. Lellouch, Nucl. Phys. B 479(1996), 353-391 doi:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00443-9 [arXiv:hep-ph/9509358 [hep-ph]]
[2] V. Lubicz et al. [ETM],Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) no.5, 054514 [erratum: Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) no.9, 099902; erratum: Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) no.7, 079901] doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.054514 [arXiv:1706.03017 [hep-lat]].

Speaker: Manuel Naviglio (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Pisa)

104_R3Sm_Manuel_Naviglio

Slides.pdf

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Non-academic careers panel

Conveners: Meifeng Lin (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)), Robert Mawhinney (Columbia University)

530 Non-academic careers panel

Speaker: Meifeng Lin (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Non-Academic Careers Panels-Opportunities.pdf

Non-Academic Careers Panels-Panelist Bios.pdf

Zoom Link

Discussion/social: Particle physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Discussion/social: Standard Model Parameters discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Convener: Fu-Jiun Jiang (National Taiwan Normal University)

531 The truncated U(1) Abelian Higgs model and implications for its quantum simulation

We have proposed a concrete experimental setup for quantum simulating the $(1+1)$-dimensional Abelian Higgs model in J. Zhang et al. (2018), where the Hamiltonian in the electric field representation can be implemented on a multi-leg ladder with a single atom in each rung. The finite-size scaling of the energy gap can be measured and its universal behavior can be extracted at large enough spin truncations. However, the O(2) limit of this representation is always gapped for any finite spin-$S$ truncation, and the dynamics of charges cannot be measured directly. We now study the charge representation of the O(2) model in detail with tensor renormalization group applied to the Lagrangian and level spectroscopy applied to the Hamiltonian. We find that there is an infinite-order Gaussian transition for spin-$1$ truncation, and there are Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transitions for $S \ge 2$ truncations. We find universal functions relating the mass gap, the gauge coupling, and the spatial size in the smallest spin truncations, which do not exist in the field representation. Possible experimental realizations are discussed.

Speaker: Jin Zhang (University of Iowa)

271_R4Al_Jin_Zhang

Charge_Hamiltonian_of_sQED.pdf

532 Tensor network simulations of a manifestly gauge-invariant SU(2) lattice gauge theory formulation

The tensor network framework is an alternative to traditional lattice-based methods where one can simulate the statics as well as dynamics of lattice gauge theories (LGTs) without encountering the sign problem.
So far, however, most tensor network studies of non-abelian LGTs have been restricted in scope to one spatial dimension with open boundary conditions.
This restriction is lifted in the loop-string-hadron (LSH) formulation of SU(2) LGT, in which one works with manifestly SU(2)-invariant local operators and states defined at each lattice site that are weaved together by a U(1) constraint along with the links to yield the original Wilson loop and string states of the theory.
Here, we construct a tensor network implementation of SU(2) LGT based on the LSH formulation. We recover the bulk and continuum limits of static properties such as the ground state energy and the vector mass gap, accounting for effects of a finite electric field cutoff. Our LSH-based tensor network approach generalizes naturally to higher dimensions, and may provide a path for tensor network-based quantum state preparation of the SU(2) LGTs for quantum simulation.

Speaker: Aniruddha Bapat (University of Maryland)

619_R4Al_Aniruddha_Bapat

[LATTICE21] SU(2) LGT in the LSH formulation.pdf

533 Truncation effects in dual representations of the O(2) model

The classical O(2) model is the zero-gauge-coupling limit of compact scalar quantum electrodynamics in Euclidean spacetime. We obtain two dual representations of the O(2) model, where the field quantum numbers on the plaquettes determine the charge quantum numbers on the links according to Gauss's law. Taking the time continuum limit, we study the Hamiltonians in the two representations with a truncation to "spin $S$", where the quantum numbers have an absolute value less or equal to $S$. In the infinite-$S$ limit the spectra of the two Hamiltonians are identical however for quantum simulations, truncations are needed. The field representation is always gapped for finite spin truncations, while the charge representation preserves the gapped-to-gapless transition even for the smallest spin truncation $S = 1$. We show that the essential singularity in the correlation length for the $S = 1$ truncation is different from that for $S \ge 2$ truncations, where there are real Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transitions. Using the ansatz for the scaling of the energy gap, the fidelity susceptibility, and the derivative of the entanglement entropy with respect to the coupling constant, we can extract the location of the infinite-order transitions with high accuracy.

Speaker: Shan-Wen Tsai

273_R4Al_Shan-Wen_Tsai

534 Clock model interpolation and symmetry breaking in O(2) models

The $q$-state clock model is a classical spin model that corresponds to the Ising model (when $q= 2$) and the XY model (when $q\rightarrow\infty$). The integer-$q$ clock model has been studied extensively and has been shown to have a single phase transition when $q = 2,3,4$ and two phase transitions when $q > 4$.We define an extended-$q$ clock model that reduces to the ordinary $q$-state clock model when $q$ is an integer and otherwise is a continuous interpolation of the clock model to non-integer $q$. We investigate this class of clock models in 2D using Monte Carlo (MC) and tensor renormalization group (TRG) methods, and we find that the model with non-integer $q$ has a crossover and a second-order phase transition. We also define an extended-O(2) model (with a parameter $\gamma$) that reduces to the XY model when $\gamma= 0$ and to the extended-$q$ clock model when $\gamma\rightarrow\infty$, and we begin to outline the phase diagram of this model. These models with non-integer $q$ serve as a testbed to study symmetry breaking with tensor methods where experimental parameters can be tuned continuously.

Speaker: Leon Hostetler (Michigan State University)

296_R4Al_Leon_Hostetler

hostetler.pdf

535 Lie group integrators and efficient integration of gradient flow

It has been recently shown how explicit low-storage Lie group integrators can be built from classical low-storage methods of Williamson's type. We discuss a one-parameter family of three-stage third-order methods and show how a coefficient scheme can be chosen specifically for optimal integration of the gradient flow. We also illustrate how two low-storage fourth-order integrators can be used as Lie group methods and compare the performance of various integrators. The low-storage schemes of this type can be easily implemented in the existing lattice codes.

Speaker: Oleksiy Bazavov (Michigan State University (US))

593_R4Al_Oleksiy_Bazavov

bazavov_lat2021.pdf

536 Prediction and compression of lattice QCD data using machine learning algorithms on quantum annealer

We present regression and compression algorithms for lattice QCD data utilizing the efficient binary optimization ability of quantum annealers. In the regression algorithm, we encode the correlation between the independent and dependent variables into a dictionary optimized for sparse reconstruction. The trained correlation pattern is used to predict lattice QCD observables of unseen lattice configurations from other observables measured on the lattice. In the compression algorithm, we define a mapping from lattice QCD data of floating-point numbers to the binary coefficients that closely reconstruct the input data from a set of basis vectors. Since the reconstruction is not exact, the mapping defines a lossy compression, but, a reasonably small number of binary coefficients are able to reconstruct the input vector of lattice QCD data with the reconstruction error much smaller than the statistical fluctuation. In both applications, we use D-Wave quantum annealers to solve the NP-hard binary optimization problems of the machine learning algorithms.

Speaker: Dr Boram Yoon (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

QML_for_LQCD.pdf

537 Investigating a Renormalization Group Multigrid Approach for Domain Wall Fermions

Previous work has shown that renormalization group blocking of a
2+1 flavor DWF ensemble with 1/a = 2 GeV can produce an ensemble
with 1/a = 1 GeV, with physical quantities on the blocked 1 GeV
ensemble within a few percent of their values on an independently
generated 1 GeV ensemble. This has led us to investigate using the
blocked ensemble DWF operator as a coarse-grid operator for a
multigrid DWF solver. We find that the low-mode space of the
coarse-grid operator spans the low-mode space of the original
operator quite well. However, in the simplest coarse-grid to
fine-grid interpolation step, fine-grid high modes are introduced
into a low-mode-accurate, coarse-grid solution. We have studied
various filtering schemes to reduce this contamination, with partial
success to date. We will review our overall approach and detail
our current status.

Speaker: Robert Mawhinney (Columbia University)

627_R4Al_Robert_Mawhinney

Mawhinney_Lattice2021.pdf

538 Algorithms for domain wall Fermions

I review multigrid algorithms for domain wall fermions and discuss the development status of a domain decomposed hybrid monte carlo appropriate for chiral fermions and tailored for use on GPU accelerated computing nodes.

Speaker: Peter Boyle (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

234_R4Al_Peter_Boyle

DDHMC_talk.pdf

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Convener: Nilmani Mathur

539 Investigations of decuplet baryons from meson–baryon interactions in the HAL QCD method

We study decuplet baryons from meson-baryon interactions. We report the analysis of the P-wave $\pi N$ interaction with isospin $I=3/2$ and the $\bar{K}\Xi$ interaction with $I=0$, which have channels to a $\Delta$ and $\Omega$ baryon, respectively. The interaction potentials are calculated in the HAL QCD method using 3-quark-type source operators at $m_{\pi} \approx 410~\text{MeV}$. We use the conventional stochastic estimation of all-to-all propagators combined with the all-mode averaging to reduce statistical fluctuation. The scattering phase shifts estimated by using the potentials indicate that the $\Delta$ and $\Omega$ baryon exist as bound states in this setup. The results of the binding energies are consistent with those estimated from the 2-point functions.

Speaker: Kotaro Murakami (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)

Investigations of decuplet baryons from meson–baryon interactions in the HAL QCD method

MK_NpiXiKbar_slide.pdf

540 Lambda-Nucleon and Sigma-Nucleon potentials from space-time correlation function on the lattice

The hyperon-nucleon interaction with the strangeness $S=-1$ region is complicated and difficult to investigate because its flavor sector involves all the irreducible representation except the flavor singlet and has the worst signal-to-noise ratio among the Strangeness regions [1-2]. Some efforts to overcome such difficulties will be discussed.

References:
[1] H. Nemura et al., AIP Conf.Proc. 2130 (2019) 1, 040005 [arXiv:1810.04046 [hep-lat]].
[2] H. Nemura, Comput. Phys. Commun. 207, 91 (2016) [arXiv:1510.00903 [hep-lat]].

Speaker: Hidekatsu Nemura (Osaka University)

Lambda-Nucleon and Sigma-Nucleon potentials from space-time correlation function on the lattice

LATTICE2021_nemura.pdf

541 Application of the Misner's method to the coupled-channel NΛ-NΣ potential in lattice QCD

The baryon-baryon interaction in the strangeness =-1 channel was recently analysed by using the lattice QCD data near the physical point combined with the HAL QCD method [1]. In the present contribution, we show our first attempt to extract the coupled-channel NΛ-NΣ potential from thesame data by using the Misner's method which is known to be a reliable way to perform the partial wave decomposition on the lattice [2,3]. The resultant potential is used to calculate scattering phase shifts and the mixing parameter for the low energy scattering in the 1S0 and 3SD1 channels.
[1] H. Nemura, AIP Conference Proceedings 2130, 040005 (2019).
[2] C. W. Misner, Class. Quant. Grav. 21 (2004) S243.
[3] T. Miyamoto et al., Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 074514.

Speaker: Takahiro Doi (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka university)

20210730_LATTICE2021_TMDoi.pdf

Application of the Misner's method to the coupled-channel NΛ-NΣ potential in lattice QCD

542 Finite volume analysis on systematics of the derivative expansion in HAL QCD method

We study the systematic error associated with the truncation of the derivative expansion for the potential in HAL QCD method. We introduce the Hamiltonian with the leading-order potential determined in the HAL QCD method and study the corresponding eigenmodes in a finite volume. We show that a temporal correlation function of a designated energy eigenstate can be obtained using the finite-volume eigenwavefunction as a projection operator. This enables us to make quantitative comparison between Luscher's method and HAL QCD method in terms of the energy spectra in a finite volume, avoiding the notorious pseudo-plateau problem in a temporal correlation function [1].
Numerical investigations are performed for the Omega_ccc - Omega_ccc (1S0) system near the physical point [2]. We observe consistency in finite volume spectra, which indicates that the truncation error of derivative expansion is small in this system. This study also gives clear demonstration that the potential (and thus phase shifts/binding energy) can be reliably extracted from the NBS wave function for elastic excited states.
[1] T. Iritani et al. (HAL QCD Coll.), JHEP 03 (2019) 007, arXiv:1812.08539 [hep-lat].
[2] Y. Lyu, H. Tong et al., arXiv:2102.00181 [hep-lat].

Speaker: Takumi Doi

doi_lat21.pdf

Finite volume analysis on systematics of the derivative expansion in HAL QCD method

543 Nuclear force with LapH smearing

The Laplacian Heaviside (LapH) smearing technique is proved to be useful in precision determination of multi-hadron spectrum. We apply the LapH source smearing to the nuclear force calculation by the HAL QCD method, finding that the 1S0 and 3S1-3D1 potentials are obtained with good precision. The parity-odd sector, including the LS force, are also discussed.

Speaker: Takuya Sugiura

lattice2021_t.sugiura.pdf

Nuclear force with LapH smearing

544 Emergence of the rho resonance from the HAL QCD potential

In this talk, we report the rho resonance study using the HAL QCD method. We calculate the $I=1$ $\pi \pi$ potential at $m_{\pi} \approx 410$ MeV by a combination of the one-end trick, sequential propagator and covariant approximation averaging (CAA). Thanks to those techniques, we determine the non-local $I=1$ $\pi\pi$ potential at the next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^2$LO) of the derivative expansion for the first time and obtain the pole of the S-matrix corresponding to the rho resonance.
We also discuss recent applications of the all-to-all techniques to other systems, such as the $NN$ interaction and $I=0$ $\pi\pi$ interaction.

Speaker: Yutaro Akahoshi (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)

Emergence of the rho resonance from the HAL QCD potential

545 HAL QCD potentials with non-zero total momentum and an application to the $I=2$ $\pi\pi$ scattering

We propose a method to extract the HAL QCD potential from correlation functions with non-zero total momentum (boosted system). After brief explanation of the formulation with non-zero total momentum ($P$), we apply it to the $I=2$ $\pi\pi$ system. Using 2+1 flavor PACS-CS configurations at $m_\pi=700$ MeV and $a=0.09$ fm on $32^3x64$ lattice, we calculate the $I=2$ $\pi\pi$ potential with $P= 2\pi/L$ and $4\pi/L$ as well as $P=0$ (center of mass frame). We show that potentials from all 3 cases agree well within statistical errors, which are however larger for larger $P$.
Not only scattering phase shifts obtained from these potentials agree well but they also agree with scattering phase shifts obtained from finite volume energy spectra through L\"uscher’s formula.
This shows that the HAL QCD potential method works well even with non-zero total momentum.
We briefly discuss future applications of the method to hadron interactions.

Speaker: Sinya Aoki (Kyoto University)

HAL QCD potentials with non-zero total momentum and an application to the $I=2$ $\pi\pi$ scattering

Lat20210729.pdf

546 Most charming dibaryon near unitarity

A pair of triply charmed baryons, $\Omega_{ccc}\Omega_{ccc}$, is studied as an ideal dibaryon system by (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with nearly physical light-quark masses and the relativistic heavy quark action with the physical charm quark mass. The spatial baryon-baryon correlation is related to their scattering parameters on the basis of the HAL QCD method. The $\Omega_{ccc}\Omega_{ccc}$ in the $^1S_0$ channel taking into account the Coulomb repulsion with the charge form factor of $\Omega_{ccc}$ leads to the scattering length $a^{\mathrm C}_0\simeq-19$ fm and the effctive range $r^{\mathrm C}_{\mathrm{eff}}\simeq0.45$ fm. The ratio $r^{\mathrm C}_{\mathrm{eff}}/a^{\mathrm C}_0\simeq-0.024$, whose magnitude is considerably smaller than that of the dineutron ($-0.149$), indicates that $\Omega_{ccc}\Omega_{ccc}$ is located in the unitary regime.

Speaker: Yan Lyu (Peking University)

Most charming dibaryon near unitarity

Yan LYU_LATTICE21.pdf

Hadron Structure

Convener: Yi-Bo Yang (CAS)

547 Calculation of the second moment of the pion light-cone distribution amplitude

The light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) of the pion carries information about the distribution of its quarks, which is an important input to various experiments. We present our proof-of-concept lattice calculation of the second Mellin moment of the LCDA using the heavy quark operator product expansion (HOPE) method. Our computation shows agreement with complementary methods of computation in the literature.

Speaker: Anthony Grebe (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

413_R4St_Anthony_Grebe

slides.pdf

548 Investigation of the fourth moment of the pion light-cone distribution amplitude

The light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) is a key object of interest in a range of high-energy, exclusive processes in QCD. In this talk, we describe the application of the heavy quark operator product expansion (HOPE) method to a preliminary study of the fourth Mellin moment of the pion LCDA. We present an exploratory investigation at a pion mass of 560 MeV in the quenched approximation.

Speaker: Robert Perry

336_R4St_Robert_Perry

549 Distribution Amplitudes of K∗ and φ from Lattice QCD

We present the first lattice QCD calculation of the distribution amplitudes of longitudinally and transversely polarized vector mesons K∗ and φ using large momentum effective theory. We use the clover fermion action on three ensembles with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) action, generated by MILC collaboration, at physical pion mass and {0.06, 0.09, 0.12} fm lattice spacings, and choose three different hadron momenta Pz = {1.29,1.72,2.15} GeV. The resulting lattice matrix elements are nonperturbatively renormalized in a hybrid scheme proposed recently. Also an extrapolation to the continuum and infinite momentum limit is carried out. We find that while the longitudinal distribution amplitudes tend to be close to the asymptotic form, the transverse ones deviate rather significantly from the asymptotic form. Our final results provide crucial ab initio theory inputs for analyzing pertinent exclusive processes.

Speaker: Jun Hua (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

508_R4St_Jun_Hua

550 Pion and kaon distribution amplitude at physical masses

We will present lattice QCD results for x-dependent distribution amplitudes for pion and kaon. The computations were carried out using valence Wilson Clover fermions on HISQ gauge configurations with 2+1 flavors, all with physical values of pion and kaon masses and at a lattice spacing of 0.076 fm. Computations used hadrons states boosted up to a momentum of 1.7 GeV. To arrive at the results we use improved perturbative QCD matching for the distribution amplitudes that goes beyond the conformal approximation.

Speaker: Philipp Scior (Universität Bielefeld)

622_R4St_Philipp_Scior

551 Pion Distribution Amplitudes in the Continuum Limit

We present a lattice-QCD calculation of the pion distribution amplitudes using large-momentum effective theory (LaMET). Our calculation is carried out using three ensembles with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ), generated by MILC collaboration, at 310 MeV pion mass with 0.06, 0.09, 0.12 and 0.15 fm lattice spacings. We use clover fermion action for the valence quarks and tune the quark mass to match the lightest light and strange masses in the sea. The resulting lattice matrix elements are nonperturbatively renormalized in regularization-independent momentum-subtraction (RI/MOM) scheme and extrapolated to the continuum. We compare different approaches to extract the x-dependence of the pion distribution amplitudes.

Speaker: Nicholas Juliano

463_R4St_Nicholas_Juliano

Pion Distribution Amplitudes in the Continuum Limit.pdf

552 Quark spin-orbit correlations in the proton

Generalized transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) provide a comprehensive framework for imaging the internal structure of the proton. In particular, by encoding the simultaneous distribution of quark transverse positions and momenta, they allow one to directly access longitudinal quark orbital angular momentum, and, moreover, to correlate it with the quark helicity. The relevant GTMD is evaluated through a lattice calculation of a proton matrix element of a quark bilocal operator (the separation in which is Fourier conjugate to the quark momentum) featuring a momentum transfer (which is Fourier conjugate to the quark position), as well as the Dirac structure appropriate for capturing the quark helicity. The weighting by quark transverse position requires a derivative with respect to momentum transfer, which is obtained in unbiased fashion using a direct derivative method. The lattice calculation is performed directly at the physical pion mass, using domain wall fermions to mitigate operator mixing effects. Both the Jaffe-Manohar as well as the Ji quark spin-orbit correlations are extracted, yielding evidence for a strong quark spin-orbit coupling in the proton.

Speaker: Michael Engelhardt

550_R4St_Michael_Engelhardt

talk_engelhardt.pdf

553 Proton momentum and angular momentum decomposition with overlap fermions

We present a calculation of the proton momentum and angular momentum decomposition using overlap fermions on a 2+1-flavor RBC/UKQCD domain-wall configuration at around 171 MeV which is close to the physical pion mass. A complete determination of the momentum and angular momentum fractions carried by up, down, strange and glue inside proton has been done with valence pion masses varying from 171 to 391 ${\rm{MeV}}$. We have utilized FFT on stochastic sandwith method for connected-insertion parts and the cluster-decomposition error reduction (CDER) technique for disconnected-insertion parts to reduce errors. We carried out the nonperturbative renormalization and mixing for all quantities and final results are reported at the physical pion mass with ${\overline{\rm {MS}}}(\mu = 2\ {\rm{GeV}})$.

Speaker: Gen Wang (University of Kentucky)

173_R4St_Gen_Wang

Gen_Wang_2021_EMT.pdf

554 Direct Measurement and Renormalisation of Quark and Gluon Momentum Fractions in the Quenched Approximation

With upcoming Electron-Ion Colliders, such as the eRHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory and a proposed upgrade to the LHC, the structure of the hadron from both the quark and gluon sectors is quickly becoming a readily accessible frontier in physical investigation. Such experiments are underpinned by a strong theoretical foundation, such as that provided by lattice QCD.

We will show progress in work by the QCDSF/UKQCD/CSSM collaboration to directly measure both quark and gluon momentum fractions in the quenched approximation, and obtain renormalisation factors to match such measurements onto phenomenological quantities in a typical scheme, such as MSbar. The necessary renormalisation matrix describing the mixing between quark and gluon contributions is constructed non-perturbatively, with the off-diagonal component obtained through mixed amputated vertex functions applied in an RI-MOM scheme. The measurements in the gluon sector make use of the Feynman-Hellmann method, to extract statistically significant signals from typically noisy gluon singlet operators.

Speaker: Tomas Howson

360_R4St_Tomas_Howson

Tomas Howson - Lattice 2021.pdf

Particle physics beyond the Standard Model

Convener: Hiroshi Suzuki (Kyushu Univ.)

555 Uses of the gradient-flow beta-function

We present various applications of the gradient-flow beta-function, including an extended study of the finite-volume version in the $N_f = 10$ fundamental rep SU(3) model, prompted by claims of possible conformality. We show how the infinite-volume beta-function can be reached through a sequence of stages, handling the correlation across gradient-flow time when taking the continuum limit, and investigate its behavior in the $N_f = 10$ model.

Speaker: Julius Kuti

178_R4Pp_Julius_Kuti

jkuti_Lattice2021.pdf

556 The non-perturbative RG $\beta$ function at the sill of the conformal window

The RG beta function describes the running of the renormalized coupling and connects the ultraviolet and infrared regimes of quantum field theories. We consider both the finite volume step scaling and the continuous beta function of the gradient flow coupling in SU(3) systems with fundamental fermions. Investigating theories with $N_f=6$, 8, 10 and 12 flavors allows us to study the onset of the conformal phase. Our simulations are based on Moebious domain wall fermions, but we also consider alternate actions in our quest to reveal the universal phase structure of near-conformal systems.

Speaker: Anna Hasenfratz (university of colorado boulder)

503_R4Pp_Anna_Hasenfratz

hasenfratz_lat2021.pdf

557 BB Scattering at N_c=4 for Stealth Dark Matter

We study baryon-baryon scattering with Luscher’s method for N_c = 4 gauge theory. To improve signal in our scattering observables, we employ the Laplacian Heaviside or Distillation method to construct low rank interpolating operators with good overlap with low lying energy states. Though of interest for large N_c QCD studies, the LSD collaboration has been investigating a dark matter candidate called stealth dark matter, which would be the neutral composite baryon of an SU(4) gauge theory. In order to place constraints on dark matter self-interactions in this theory, we study BB scattering, and present here our preliminary results.

Speaker: Ms Kimmy Cushman (Yale University)

620_R4Pp_Kimmy_Cushman

558 Interglueball potential in lattice SU(N) gauge theories

The dynamics of the glueballs is important in the context of their experimental search as well as for understanding non-Abelian theories. The glueballs of the dark SU(N) Yang-Mills theory are also good candidates of the dark matter [1,2].
The low energy effective Lagrangian of the 0++ glueball may be determined from the interglueball potential calculated on lattice. In this talk, we report on the result of the lattice calculations of the interglueball potential of the Yang-Mills theory with the color numbers N=2,3,4, with a detailed inspection of the systematics due to the discretization.

[1] N. Yamanaka, H. Iida, A. Nakamura, and M. Wakayama, Phys. Lett. B 813, 136056 (2021).
[2] N. Yamanaka, H. Iida, A. Nakamura, and M. Wakayama, Phys. Rev. D 102, 054507 (2020).

Speaker: Dr Nodoka Yamanaka (Kennesaw State University)

2021.07.29_yamanaka_lattice2021.pdf

69_R4Pp_Nodoka_Yamanaka

559 A method to estimate observables with infinite variance in fermionic systems

Numerical estimation of fermionic observables often requires introduction of auxiliary bosonic fields that have no direct physical relevance through a Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation. The variance of some fermionic observables (for example, appropriately constructed local four-fermion operators in 2d Gross-Neveu model) when they estimated using such auxiliary fields may not correspond to any physical observable and in particular it may diverge. In such cases it is not clear how one can reliably estimate the a physical observable. An important example may be found in the context of exceptional configurations in quenched qcd. We demonstrate other examples in some toy models by appropriately constructing some four-fermion operators. We then propose a suitably chosen discrete Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation that doesn't suffer from such divergences for these classes of observables.

Speaker: Cagin Yunus (MIT)

609_R4Pp_Cagin_Yunus

presentation.pdf

560 AdS/CFT Correspondece for Scalar Field Theory in Lattice AdS$_2$, AdS$_3$

We use a regular tessellation of AdS$_2$ based on the (2,3,7) triangle group, with an extension to Euclidean AdS$_3$, to study
the AdS/CFT correspondence. Perturbative calculations are verified and initial tests of monte carlo calculations for
non-perturbative $\phi^4$ theory exhibit critical phenomena on the boundary.

Speakers: Cameron Cogburn (Boston University), Evan Owen (Boston University), Richard Brower (Boston University)

659_R4Pp_Cameron_Cogburn

561 Large N limit of two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with four-supercharges

We study the two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with four supercharges in the large N limit. By using thermal boundary conditions, the distribution of scalars is studied at large N, in the limit of a vanishing scalar potential. We explore the extent of scalar distribution in this theory and look for behavior identical to its maximally supersymmetric cousin, which is known to admit holographic description. Our lattice results for the scalar distribution as a function of temperature show no visible dependence on N.

Speaker: Navdeep Singh Dhindsa (IISER Mohali)

534_R4Pp_Navdeep_Singh_Dhindsa

Navdeep_Lattice2021.pdf

562 Complex Langevin simulations for PT-symmetric models

Self-interacting scalar quantum field theories possessing PT-symmetry are physically admissible since their energy spectrum is real and bounded below. However, models with PT-invariant potentials can have complex actions in general. Thus, they cannot be studied using methods based on traditional Monte Carlo due to a sign problem. We use complex Langevin dynamics to study two-dimensional supersymmetric models exhibiting PT invariance. In the literature, using perturbative calculations, SUSY is intact in these models even though parity is broken. In order to answer the question on non-perturbative SUSY breaking, we perform simulations of these models using the complex Langevin method.

Speaker: Arpith Kumar (IISER Mohali)

586_R4Pp_Arpith_Kumar

lattice21_arpith.pdf

Standard Model Parameters

Convener: Takeshi Yamazaki

563 B-meson semileptonic decays with highly improved staggered quarks

We present new results on heavy meson semileptonic decays using the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action for both valence and 2+1+1 sea quarks. The use of the highly improved action, combined with the MILC collaboration's gauge ensembles with lattice spacings down to ~0.042 fm, allows the b quark to be treated with the same discretization as the lighter quarks. This unified treatment of the valence quarks allows for absolutely normalized currents (in some cases), bypassing the need for perturbative matching, which is a leading source of uncertainty in previous Fermilab/MILC calculations of B-meson decay form factors.

Speaker: Andrew Lytle (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

272 R4Sm Andrew Lytle

lytle_latt21_v1.pdf

564 $B \to D^\ast\ell\nu$ at nonzero recoil from lattice QCD

A very rich place to look for phenomena to challenge our current understanding of physics is the flavor sector of the Standard Model (SM). In particular, the $V_{cb}$ matrix element of the CKM matrix is the subject of a long standing tension, depending on whether it is determined using inclusive or exclusive methods. On top of that, the current average of $R(D^\ast)$ shows a 3$\sigma$ tension between experiment and the SM calculations. Theoretical support is urgently needed, and in this work I present the first lattice QCD calculation of the form factors for the decay $B\rightarrow D^\ast\ell\nu$ at non-zero recoil. This analysis includes 15 MILC asqtad ensembles with $N_f=2+1$ flavors of asqtad sea quarks. The lattice spacing ranges from $a\approx 0.15$ fm down to $0.045$ fm, whereas the ratio between the light and the strange quark mass ranges from 0.05 to 0.4. The valence $b$ and $c$ quarks are treated using the Wilson-Clover action with the Fermilab interpretation, whereas the light sector employs asqtad staggered fermions. After the form factors are extrapolated to the physical point and the continuum limit in the small recoil range, these are extended to the whole kinematic range by using a model-independent parametrization. Comparison with current experimental results coming from Belle and BaBar follows, as well as a joint fit to extract the matrix element $|V_{cb}|$. The lattice prediction for the differential decay rate can be integrated to determine $R(D^\ast)$ using only lattice data.

Speaker: Dr Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco (University of Utah)

168 R4Sm Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco

Lat21-Talk.pdf

565 D-to-pi semileptonic decays with highly improved staggered quarks

This talk will report recent results from ongoing calculations of the $D\to\pi$ semileptonic decay by the Fermilab lattice and MILC collaborations. Our calculation employs the HISQ action for both sea and valence quarks and includes several ensembles with physical-mass up, down, strange, and charm quarks and lattice spacings ranging from 0.15 fm down to 0.06 fm. At each lattice spacing, an ensemble with physical-mass light quarks is included. We present preliminary results for the scalar form factor $f_0$.

Speaker: William Jay (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)

518 R4Sm William Jay

lattice2021_D2X.pdf

566 Decay constants of $B_{(s)}$ and $D_{(s)}$ meson on MILC HISQ a12m220 ensemble using the OK action and sequential Bayesian method

We present our current progress on the lattice calculation of decay constants for $B_{(s)}$, $D_{(s)}$ mesons using sequential Bayesian method and the Oktay-Kronfeld (OK) action for the charm and bottom quarks (valence quarks). Here, the masses of charm and bottom quark are determined non-perturbatively. For the light spectator quarks (up, down and strange), we use HISQ action. Lattice calculation is done on MILC HISQ a12m220 ensemble ($N_f=2+1+1$ flavors). $f_{B_s} / f_B$ and $f_{D_s} / f_D$, the flavor $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking ratio, are presented. They are independent of the renormalization constants for the axial current.

Speaker: Mr Benjamin Jaedon Choi (Seoul National University)

196 R4Sm Benjamin Jaedon Choi

benji.lat2021.pdf

567 Lattice calculation of K->l nu l' l' decay width

We develop a methodology for the computation of the $K\to \ell\nu_\ell \ell'^+ \ell'^-$ decay width using lattice QCD and present an exploratory study. We use a scalar function method to account for the momentum dependence of the decay amplitude. We adopt infinite volume reconstruction (IVR) method to solve temporal truncation effects and general finite-volume effects in a systematic way. To be specifically, general finite-volume effect comes from using arbitrary momentum instead of lattice discrete momentum in phase space integration. Temporal truncation effects can either come from slowly converging exponential factor associated with soft photon region of $K\to K \ell'^+ \ell'^-\to \ell\nu_\ell \ell'^+ \ell'^-$ contribution, or from exponentially growing term in $K\to\pi\pi \ell\nu_\ell\to \ell\nu_\ell \ell'^+ \ell'^-$ contribution. We then perform a four-body phase-space integral to obtain the decay width. Using the developed methods mentioned above, we calculate the branching ratios for four channels of $K\to \ell\nu_\ell\ell'^+ \ell'^-$ in ensembles at physical pion mass generated by RBC/UKQCD collaborations. The results close to the experimental measurements and ChPT predictions are obtained. Our work demonstrates the capability of lattice QCD to improve Standard Model prediction in $K\to \ell\nu_\ell \ell'^+ \ell'^-$ decay width.

Speaker: Xin-yu Tuo

11 R4Sm Xin-yu Tuo

lat21.pdf

568 Calculating $\Delta m_K$ with lattice QCD

We have completed a lattice QCD calculation of $\Delta m_K$, the mass difference between the long- and short-lived K mesons. The calculation was performed on a $64^3 \times 128$ lattice using 152 configurations with physical quark masses and an inverse lattice spacing of $a^{-1}=2.36$ GeV. While the statistical error approaches a relatively small size of 9%, several sources of systematic errors may have more significant effects. In this talk we will address studies performed on smaller lattices to estimate the systematic errors in our result.

Speaker: Bigeng Wang (Columbia University)

331 R4Sm Bigeng Wang

Lattice_talk_2021_Bigeng_Wang_Delta_mK.pdf

569 Calculating $K_L\to\gamma\gamma$ using lattice QCD

Determining the standard model prediction for the decay amplitude of a long-lived neutral kaon into two photons is an important step toward the goal of calculating the two-photon contribution to $K_L\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decay. In this talk we will describe a computational strategy to determine this decay amplitude using lattice QCD. While the lattice QCD calculation is carried out in finite volume, the emitted photons are treated in infinite volume and the resulting finite-volume errors decrease exponentially in the linear size of the lattice volume. Only the CP conserving contribution to the decay is computed and we must subtract unphysical contamination resulting from single pion and eta intermediate states which grows exponentially as the time separation between the initial and final lattice operators is increased. First results from a calculation on a $24^3\times 64$ lattice volume with $1/a=1$ GeV and physical quark masses will be presented.

Speaker: Norman Christ (Columbia University)

509 R4Sm Norman Christ

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Hadron Structure discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Particle physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Discussion/social: Standard Model Parameters discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Friday 30 July

Plenary

Convener: Xu Feng (Peking University)

570 Spectroscopy and Hadron Interactions

Lattice QCD spectroscopy and subsequent determinations of scattering amplitudes are an active line of research with notable advances. In the two-hadron sector there has been significant progress in constraining more complicated scattering amplitudes as well as in controlling systematic uncertainties. A new frontier is the practical application of finite-volume formalisms to treat three-hadron interactions. I will review some of these recent developments.

Speaker: Ben Hoerz

640_F0Pl_Ben_Hoerz

hoerz.pdf

571 Recent developments in nuclear lattice effective field theory

In recent years, the lattice effective field theory, a lattice stochastic methods, were successfully applied in solving the nuclear many-body problems. It has shown great advantages in simulating from first principles the atomic nuclei at ground state and excited states, nuclear scattering and reaction, nuclear matter at zero and finite temperature, etc. In this talk, I will give a brief introduction to the method and an overview on recent important progress. Specifically, I will focus on two major breakthrough in this field. One is the investigation of the hidden spin-isospin exchange symmetry of the nuclear force, which also inspires us to develop new algorithms for implementing the chiral nuclear force as a perturbative expansion around a central force. Another topic will be the new pinhole-trace algorithm for simulating the nuclear thermodynamics, which can be as large as one thousand times faster than conventional algorithms based on grand-canonical ensemble.

Speaker: Bingnan Lu (Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics)

632_F0Pl_Bingnan_Lu

572 Software development and performance of Fugaku and ARM architectures

The supercomputer "Fugaku" was jointly developed by Fujitsu Limited and RIKEN, and is the latest supercomputer installed at the RIKEN Center for Computational Science in Kobe, Japan. In the recent Top500, HPCG, and HPL-AI benchmark rankings, it has been ranked No. 1 in the world for two consecutive terms (June 2020 and November 2020). The CPU installed in Fugaku is a 48-core + 2 assistant core processor called A64FX, which is an extension of the Arm v8-A instruction set architecture for high-performance computing, and was developed by Fujitsu as the processor for Fugaku. The CPU consists of four "core memory groups" (CMGs) of 12 cores, and the L2 cache is shared by the 12 cores in the CMG. The main memory per node is 32GiB. The interconnect is a Tofu interconnect D. In this talk, we will present an overview of Fugaku, development of LQCD code for A64FX and its performance, and large-scale benchmark results on Fugaku.

Speaker: Yoshifumi Nakamura

564_F0Pl_Yoshifumi_Nakamura

nakamura_lattice2021.pdf

573 Lattice Meets Lattice - Application of Lattice Cubature to Models in Lattice Gauge Theory

In this joint venture between mathematicians and physicists, we develop efficient recursive strategies to tackle a class of high dimensional integrals having a special product structure with low order couplings, motivated by models in lattice gauge theory. A novel element of this work is the potential benefit in using a family of numerical integration methods called "lattice cubature rules". The group structure within lattice rules combined with the special structure in the physics integrands may allow efficient computations based on Fast Fourier Transforms. Applications to the quantum mechanical rotor and compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in two and three dimensions are considered.

Co-authors: Tobias Hartung (The Cyprus Institute), Karl Jansen (DESY Zeuthen), Ian Sloan (UNSW Sydney), Hernan Leovey (AXPO Trading & Sales), Dirk Nuyens (KU leuven)

Speaker: Frances Kuo (University of New South Wales)

642_F0Pl_Frances_Kuo

574 A physicist-friendly reformulation of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index (on a lattice)

The Atiyah-Singer(AS) index theorem on a closed manifold is well understood and appreciated in physics. On the other hand, the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer(APS) index, which is an extension to a manifold with boundary, is physicist-unfriendly, in that it is formulated with a nonlocal boundary condition. Recently we (3 physicists and 3 mathematicians) proved that the same index as APS is obtained from the domain-wall fermion Dirac operator. Our theorem indicates that the index can be expressed without any nonlocal conditions, in such a physicist-friendly way that application to the lattice gauge theory is straightforward. The domain-wall fermion provides a natural mathematical foundation for understanding the bulk-edge correspondence of the anomaly inflow.

Speaker: Hidenori Fukaya (Osaka Univ.)

79_F0Pl_Hidenori_Fukaya

Fukaya-APSDW.pdf

575 Recent progress in the tensor renormalisation group

The tensor renormalization group (TRG) is a promising approach to study various models of lattice field theory.
In particular, we can easily realize numerical calculations
for theories with the sign problem, and on extremely large volume lattices, by the method. In this talk, I will review the recent progress in the TRG method.

Speakers: Daisuke Kadoh (Doshisha University, Japan), Daisuke Kadoh (Doshisha University)

650_F0Pl_Daisuke_Kadoh

kadoh_lattice2021.pdf

Discussion/social: In Gather

Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks)

Conveners: Gert Aarts (Swansea University), Karl Jansen

576 The Hubbard model with fermionic Tensor Networks

Graphene can be modeled by the Hubbard model on a honeycomb lattice. However, this system suffers strongly from the sign problem if a chemical potential is included.
Tensor network methods are not affected by this problem. We use the imaginary time evolution of a fermionic Projected Entangled Pair State, which allows to simulate both parity sectors independently. Incorporating the fermionic nature on the level of the tensor network allows to fix the particle number to be either even or odd. This way we can access the states at half filling and with one additional electron. We calculate the energy and other observables of both states, which was not possible before with Monte Carlo Methods.

Speaker: Manuel Schneider (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

ManuelSchneider_Lattice2021_TheHubbardModelWithTensorNetworks.pdf

The Hubbard model with fermionic Tensor Networks

577 Tensor network simulation of strongly coupled U(N)

We applied tensor network methods to study strongly coupled U(N) in its dimer formulation. We investigated the chiral condensate as a function of the quark mass and the degree of the symmetry group, and find good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.

Speaker: Pascal Milde (University of Regensburg)

Tensor network simulation of strongly coupled U(N)

U(N)2021-SeminarUR.pdf

578 Tensor renormalizaton group calculation for the phase structure of the CP(1) model in the presence of a topological term

We calculate the free energy of the CP(1) model with a topological term using the tensor renormalization group (TRG) method. TRG calculations allow to use large volumes and to determine the phase structure in the presence of the topological term. In this talk, we will focus on the systematic errors appearing in the calculations and compare our results to previous work. Our TRG calculations with controlled systematic errors can reach precise results for mapping out the phase diagram.

Speaker: Katsumasa Nakayama (DESY)

00_Lattice_2021_Kats.pdf

Tensor renormalizaton group calculation for the phase structure of the CP(1) model in the presence of a topological term

579 Towards sampling complex actions

For many physical systems, the computation of observables amounts to solving an integral over a strongly oscillating complex-valued function. This so-called sign problem renders the numerical evaluation of these integrals a hard computational problem. Complex Langevin dynamics is one numerical method for tackling the sign problem. In this talk, I introduce a generalized framework for this method, providing explicit access to problems hindering a general applicability of complex Langevin dynamics.

One of the key problems of complex Langevin dynamics is a potential convergence to unphysical solutions. Starting from first principles, I establish constraints on sampling processes facilitating a sampling of the physically correct solutions. The constraints are built on firm grounds by techniques of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods which warrant, as opposed to complex Langevin dynamics, explicit control of the underlying sampling process.

The approach opens up a perspective for tackling the sign problem by means of taylor-made sampling schemes.

Speaker: Lukas Kades (Universität Heidelberg)

Towards_Samping_Complex_Actions_LKades_ Lattice2021.pdf

Towards sampling complex actions

580 A numerical and theoretical study of multilevel performance for two-point correlator calculations

Multilevel techniques in lattice were introduced twenty years ago by Lüscher and Weisz as a way to overcome exponential signal-to-noise decay in lattice gauge theory. It is known that the algorithm performs well when the correlation length of the system is small, and less favourably when it is large. In this project, the transition between these regimes is studied. The 2D-Ising Model is used as a test system for calculating two-point functions across a range of correlation lengths. We go on to develop a theoretical framework that gives excellent predictions of the numerically observed performance boost.

Speaker: Ben Kitching-Morley (University of Southampton)

A numerical and theoretical study of multilevel performance for two-point correlator calculations

Lattice_2021_Talk.pdf

581 Calculation of the running coupling in non-Abelian gauge theories from Jarzynski's equality

We discuss the theoretical foundations of non-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations based on Jarzynski's equality and present, as an example of application, the determination of the running coupling in the Schrödinger-functional scheme.

Speaker: Marco Panero (University of Turin and INFN, Turin)

Calculation of the running coupling in non-Abelian gauge theories from Jarzynski's equality

Panero_lattice2021.pdf

582 Implementing noise reduction techniques into the OpenQxD package

To facilitate future efficient calculation of the connected and disconnected parts of the vector-vector correlator and other observables in QCD+QED with C* boundary conditions, dilution and distillation noise reduction techniques were implemented into the OpenQxD program. To find the low-lying eigenmodes of the gauge-covariant Laplacian that form the distillation sub-space, the PRIMME eigensolver was embedded into the package. I will present the dependence of the efficiency of the calculation on the dilution and distillation parameters.

Speaker: Lucius Bushnaq (TCD Dublin)

Implementing noise reduction techniques into the OpenQxD package

Lattice2021_Presentation.pdf

583 Performance optimizations for porting the openQ*D package to GPUs

OpenQ$^\ast$D code has been used by the RC$^\ast$ collaboration for the generation of fully dynamical QCD+QED gauge configurations with C$^\ast$ boundary conditions. In this talk, optimization of solvers provided with the openQ$^\ast$D package relevant for porting the code on GPU-accelerated supercomputing platforms is discussed. We present the analysis of the current implementations of the GCR solver preconditioned with Schwarz alternating procedure for ill-conditioned Dirac-operators. With the goal of enabling support for GPUs from various vendors, a novel method of adaptive CPU/GPU-hybrid implementation is proposed.

Speaker: Roman Gruber (ETH Zurich)

Performance optimizations for porting the openQ*D package to GPUs

Slides.pdf

584 Twisted mass gauge ensembles at physical values of the light, strange and charm quark masses

Lattice QCD simulations directly at physical masses of dynamical light, strange and charm quarks are highly desirable in order to remove systematic errors due to chiral extrapolations. However such simulations are still challenging. We discuss the adaption of efficient algorithms, like higher order integrators or multi-grid methods, within the molecular dynamics of the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm, that are enabling simulations of a new set of gauge ensembles by the Extended Twisted Mass collaboration (ETMC).

We will present the status of the on-going ETMC simulation effort that aim to enable studies of finite size and discretization effects. We work within the twisted mass discretization which is free of odd-discretization effects at maximal twist. We will discuss our tuning procedure and first physical results and give an outlook of future plans.

Speaker: Jacob Finkenrath (The Cyprus Institute)

Twisted mass gauge ensembles at physical values of the light, strange and charm quark masses

585 Coarsest-Level Improvements of Multigrid for Lattice QCD on Large-Scale Computers

Algebraic multigrid methods have become state of the art at solving discretizations of the Dirac equation in Lattice QCD, in particular, when systems are ill-conditioned. Lattice QCD is bound by the use of supercomputers to speed up their simulations, where algebraic multigrid methods have brought a way of pushing the computational boundaries at large-scale and they open the possibility of scalably simulating at the exascale.

Unfortunately, under certain extreme situations such as the use of many nodes, and/or very high condition of the linear system to be solved which happens when quark masses are small, coarsest-level solves end up representing most of the execution time of the overall multigrid solves. If the solver employed during coarsest-level solves is e.g. GMRES, in which case we see the appearance of many dot products, scalability is at risk. We therefore take on the task of understanding and improving the scalability of coarsest-level solves.

For this, we merge four techniques into a single solver for coarsest-level computations: block Jacobi, polynomial preconditioning, Krylov recycling and pipelining.

All of our implementations and tests are performed within our solver library DD-alphaAMG, tailored in particular for the twisted mass fermion formulation. Recycling has a great interplay with our solver due to changes in the coarser matrices during the setup phase of the AMG employed by DD-alphaAMG, and the matrix-vector multiplications contain nearest-neighbour communications which gives us the opportunity of better scalability.

Speaker: Gustavo Ramirez-Hidalgo (University of Wuppertal)

Coarsest-Level Improvements of Multigrid for Lattice QCD on Large-Scale Computers

seminar.pdf

586 Implementation of Simultaneous Inversion of a Multi-shifted Dirac Matrix for Twisted-Mass Fermions within DD$alpha$AMG

At physical light quark masses, efficient linear solvers are crucial for carrying out the millions of inversions of the Dirac matrix required for obtaining high statistics in quark correlation functions. Adaptive algebraic multi-grid methods have proven to be very efficient in such cases, exhibiting mild critical slowing down towards very light quark masses and outperforming traditional solver methods, such as the conjugate gradient method, at the physical point.

In this talk we will discuss our implementations of simultaneous inversion of a (degenerate) Dirac matrix for twisted-mass fermions for multiple right-hand-sides (rhs) with multi-shifts and block-Krylov solvers. The implementation is carried out within the community library DD$\alpha$AMG, which implements aggregation-based Domain Decomposition adaptive algebraic multi-grid methods. The block-Krylov solvers are provided via the Fast Accurate Block Linear krylOv Solver (Fabulous) library and can be used at coarser levels.

Our code inverts Dirac matrices with different twisted-mass terms and for multiple rhs simultaneously and is thus also suitable for components within a typical lattice QCD simulation workflow, such as the rational approximation. We show preliminary results on scalability and compare the performance of our implementation when using different Block-Krylov solver techniques.

Speaker: Shuhei Yamamoto (The Cyprus Institute)

Implementation of Simultaneous Inversion of a Multi-shifted Dirac Matrix for Twisted-Mass Fermions within DD$alpha$AMG

Multiple.pdf

Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions

Conveners: Akaki Rusetsky (Univerity of Bonn), Christopher Thomas (University of Cambridge)

587 Mass estimates of the SU(2) scalar glueball from spectral methods

The estimation of the Källén-Lehmann spectral density from gauge invariant lattice QCD two point correlation functions is proposed, and explored via an inversion strategy based on Tikhonov regularisation. As proof of concept the SU(2) glueball spectrum for the quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ is investigated, for various values of the lattice spacing, using the published data of arXiv:1910.07756. Our estimates for the ground state mass are in good agreement with the traditional approach, which is based on the large time exponential behaviour of the correlation functions. Furthermore, the spectral density also contains hints of excites states in the spectrum and is able to estimate their mass values. Spectroscopic analysis of glueball two-point functions therefore provides a straightforward and insightful alternative to the traditional method based on the large time exponential behaviour of the correlation functions.

Speaker: Prof. Orlando Oliveira (University of Coimbra)

408_F1Sp_Martin_Roelfs

588 Master-field simulations of QCD

We report on the first master-field simulations of QCD with 2+1 dynamical quark flavours using non-perturbatively improved stabilised Wilson fermions. Our simulations are performed at a lattice spacing of 0.095 fm with 96 and 192 points in each direction. With $Lm_\pi$=12.5 and 25, both lattices feature a pion and kaon mass of about 270 and 450 MeV. This setup is compatible with a chiral trajectory at fixed trace of the quark mass matrix and allows for comparisons to standard large-scale simulations. In this talk, we present our algorithmic setup and performance measures, and report about our experience in thermalising large master-field lattices with fermions.

Speaker: Patrick Fritzsch (Trinity College Dublin)

386_F1Sp_Patrick_Fritzsch

fritzsch_Lat2021.pdf

589 Approaching the master-field: Hadronic observables in large volumes

The master-field approach to lattice QCD envisions performing calculations on a small number of large-volume gauge-field configurations. Substantial progress has been made recently in the generation of such fields, and this must be joined with measurement strategies that take advantage of the large volume.
In this talk, we describe how to compute simple hadronic quantities efficiently and estimate their errors in the master-field approach, i.e. by studying cross-correlations of observables on a single configuration. We discuss the scaling of the uncertainty with the volume and compare extractions based on momentum-projected and position-space two-point functions. The latter show promising results, already at intermediate volumes, but come with additional technical complexities such as a more complicated manifestation of boundary effects, which we also address.

Speaker: Dr Marco Cè (CERN)

228_F1Sp_Marco_Cè

Cè_Lattice2021.pdf

590 Hypercubic symmetry restauration of Boriçi - Creutz fermions: costs and effects

Minimally doubled fermions, have been proposed as lattice fermions which preserve chiral symmetry and being strictly local too. In our previous works, we have studied how the broken hypercubic symmetry of Boriçi - Creutz fermions affect the light hadrons spectrum, have proposed a method of how to restore it and also made a simple test on the pion mass using the corrected action. In this work we calculate the light hadrons spectrum, after have restored the hypercubic symmetry, in two different lattice directions, and see how the spectrum is affected. Also we investigate the computational cost of the restauration and how effective the use of BC fermions can be.

Speaker: Rudina Osmanaj (Zeqirllari) (University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department o)

396_F1Sp_Rudina_Osmanaj_(Zeqirllari)

Osmanaj_Lattice_2021.pdf

591 Gradient-flow scale setting with $N_f=2+1+1$ Wilson-clover twisted-mass fermions

We present a determination of the gradient flow scales $w_0$, $\sqrt{t_0}$ and $t_0/w_0$ in isosymmetric QCD, making use of the gauge ensembles produced by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) with $N_f=2+1+1$ flavours of Wilson-clover twisted-mass quarks including configurations close to the physical point for all dynamical flavours. The simulations are carried out at three values of the lattice spacing and the scale is set through the PDG value of the pion decay constant, yielding $w_0 = 0.17383(63)$ fm, $\sqrt{t_0} = 0.14436(61)$ fm and $t_0/w_0 = 0.11969(62)$ fm. Finally, fixing the kaon mass to its isosymmetric value, we determine the ratio of the kaon and pion leptonic decay constants to be equal to $f_K/f_\pi = 1.1995(44)$.

Speaker: Bartosz Kostrzewa (University of Bonn)

596_F1Sp_Bartosz_Kostrzewa

kostrzewa_etmc_gf_scales_and_fK_ov_fpi.pdf

592 Lattice improvement of nuclear shape calculations using unitary transformations

We present a method to improve the lattice effective field theory description of the shape of atomic nuclei by applying unitary transformations to the Hamiltonian. The employed unitary operator is constructed as a reflection transformation from the original and the desired wave function. Similarly to a derivative expansion, it can be improved systematically so that one can tune the $\langle r^n \rangle$ expectation values order by order for the two-particle system. Moreover, the effects of the three-particle operators induced by the unitary transformation have been investigated. The method might be helpful to reduce lattice artifacts in radii and electromagnetic moments.

Speaker: Lukas Bovermann (Ruhr-Universität Bochum)

432_F1Sp_Lukas_Bovermann

Presentation_Lattice_2021_Bovermann.pdf

593 On the three-particle analog of the Lellouch-Lüscher formula

Back in 2000, Lellouch and Lüscher derived a formula, relating the
matrix element of the weak $K \rightarrow 2\pi$ decay in a finite
volume to its infinite-volume counterpart.
In contrast, albeit latest theoretical developments enable the
extraction of three-body scattering amplitudes on the lattice,
a three-particle analog of the Lellouch-Lüscher equation has not
been available until very recently. In this talk, we report on the
first attempt to close this gap.

The interest in the study of three-body decays on the lattice is large. While
the most obvious candidates for such a study are provided by the
three-pion decays of low-mass light-flavored mesons, like the weak
process $K \rightarrow 3\pi$, also the candidates for exotica,
$X(3872)$ and $X(4260)$, decay largely into three-particle final states
as well. Moreover, the proper treatment of the three-particle decay
channel of the Roper resonance might improve the extraction of its
parameters. Last but not least, the study of the electromagnetic process
$\gamma^* \rightarrow 3\pi$, contributing to the anomalous magnetic
moment of the muon, is certainly very interesting.

In order to avoid unnecessary technical complications in the derivation
of the three-particle analog of the Lellouch-Lüscher formula,
we consider the simplest case of a decay into three identical spinless
particles, which interact only in the S-wave. The derivation
is carried out within the explicitly covariant version of the non-relativistic
effective field theory, where relativistic corrections in the internal lines
are summed up to all orders. The non-relativistic formalism provides a very
transparent and simple framework -- especially, the use of the
particle-dimer picture drastically reduces the number of relevant
diagrams needed to describe the final-state interactions in the
three-particle decay. Further developments concerning particles
with spin, partial wave mixing, moving frames and an so on are
already in progress. These modifications will not affect our result at
the leading order which, as expected, will be sufficient for the first
generation of lattice calculations.

We demonstrate that, similar to
the two-particle sector, the relation between
the finite- and infinite-volume decay matrix elements is described by an
overall multiplicative factor, depending on the size of the cubic box and
the parameters of the final-state interactions only. In contrast, at higher
orders, the factor will become a matrix with the dimension equal
to the number of independent couplings, describing the three-particle
decay at this order.

Speaker: Fabian Müller (University of Bonn)

20_F1Sp_Fabian_Müller

mueller_lat21.pdf

594 Decay amplitudes to three hadrons from finite-volume matrix elements

In this talk, I will review our recent generalization of the Lellouch-Lüscher to study decays to three particles. First, the result in a simplified theory with three identical particles will be presented, and then the generalizations needed to study phenomenologically relevant three-pion decays will be discussed. Specific processes for which this formalism is applicable are the CP-violating $K \to 3\pi$ weak decay, the isospin-breaking $\eta \to 3\pi$ QCD transition, and the electromagnetic $\gamma^* \to 3\pi$ amplitudes that enter the calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to muonic g − 2.

Speaker: Fernando Romero-López

71_F1Sp_Fernando_Romero-López

kto3pi_FRL.pdf

595 Higher partial wave contamination in finite-volume formulae for 1-to-2 transitions

It is common practice to truncate the finite-volume formula for K to pi pi, and other one to two transitions, to only include the lowest partial wave, as in the original derivation by Lellouch and Lüscher. However, as the precision of lattice calculations increases, it may become important to asses the systematic effect of this approximation. With this motivation, we compare the S-wave-only ($\ell=0$) results with those truncated at the next lowest value of angular momentum. Using the general framework for $1+j\to2$ transitions we look at the zero-momentum case, with both periodic and twisted boundary conditions (both of which couple to $\ell=4$) and the moving frame case (which leads to mixing with $\ell=2$). In addition to general estimates for various scattering parameters, we also give quantitative results for realistic $\pi\pi$ amplitudes.

Speaker: Toby Peterken (University of Edinburgh)

269_F1Sp_Toby_Peterken

Higher partial wave contamination in the finite-volume formulae.pdf

596 Analyzing coupled-channel matrix elements in finite volume

Radiative transitions between stable hadrons and hadronic resonances can provide valuable insights into the composition of hadronic resonances. In this talk, we present a toy-model investigation regarding the feasibility of realistic lattice QCD calculations of reactions where a stable hadron undergoes a transition to one of several two-hadron channels. We describe the coupled-channel transition formalism relating the finite-volume matrix elements with the infinite volume transition amplitudes and provide a roadmap for performing the calculation. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach on a set of synthetic data generated for a non-trivial resonant toy model.

Speaker: Luka Leskovec (Old Dominion University)

501_F1Sp_Luka_Leskovec

leskovec_lattice1to2.pdf

597 Decays of an exotic $1^{-+}$ hybrid meson resonance from QCD

An exotic hybrid meson resonance appearing in $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ is determined for the first time from lattice QCD. Many finite volume energy levels are computed and used with the coupled-channel extension of the Lüscher formalism to determine the scattering amplitudes in the limit where SU(3) flavour symmetry is exact. The scattering amplitude contains a pole that has a large coupling to an axial-vector-pseudoscalar channel, suggestive of a broad $\pi_1$ resonance with a dominant $b_1\pi$ decay mode.

Based on A. J. Woss et al (for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration),
PRD 103 (2021) 5, 054502, arXiv: 2009.10034.

Speaker: David Wilson (University of Cambridge)

543_F1Sp_David_Wilson

DavidWilson_Lattice2021.pdf

598 Radiative Transitions in Charmonium from Lattice QCD

We present calculations of form factors and radiative transitions in the low-lying charmonium sector using Lattice QCD. Results for $J/\psi \to \eta_c \gamma$, $\chi_{c0} \to J/\psi \gamma $ partial widths are presented alongside other experimentally unobservable form factors. Comparisons are given to previous results in both lattice and experimental studies. Studying radiative transitions provides insights into the structure of charmonia and this study serves as a demonstration of techniques applicable to other more interesting transitions, such as those involving excited and exotic states.

Based on work in preparation by

J. Delaney, C. O’Hara, S.M. Ryan, C.E. Thomas

(for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration)

Speaker: James Delaney (University of Cambridge)

410_F1Sp_James_Delaney

Lattice21_Delaney.pdf

Particle physics beyond the Standard Model

Conveners: David Schaich (University of Liverpool), Enrico Rinaldi (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)

599 The Techni-Pati-Salam Model

Composite Higgs models can be extended to the Planck scale by means of the partially unified partial compositeness (PUPC) framework. We present in detail the Techni-Pati-Salam model, based on a renormalizable gauge theory SU(8)×SU(2)L×SU(2)R. We demonstrate that masses and mixings for all generations of standard model fermions can be obtained via partial compositeness at low energy, with four-fermion operators mediated by either heavy gauge bosons or scalars. The strong dynamics is predicted to be that of a confining Sp(4)HC gauge group, with hyper-fermions in the fundamental and two-index anti-symmetric representations, with fixed multiplicities. This motivates for Lattice studies of the Infra-Red near-conformal walking phase, with results that may validate or rule out the model. This is the first complete and realistic attempt at providing an Ultra-Violet completion for composite Higgs models with top partial compositeness.

Speaker: Giacomo Cacciapaglia

624_F1Pp_Giacomo_Cacciapaglia

LatticeTPS_Cacciapaglia.pdf

600 Sp(2N) gauge theories on the lattice: status and perspectives

Among novel strong interactions beyond the standard being currently investigated, the Sp(4) gauge theory with two fundamental and three antisymmetric fermions is compatible with the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-Boson (pNGB) mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and the implementation of partial top compositeness. Unlike in QCD, the lack of a manifest experimental counterpart and the scarcity of related works in the lattice literature require a cautious and safe approach to numerical studies of Sp(4) and, more in general, Sp(2N) gauge theories. This has resulted in recent wide explorations of the parameter space of Sp(2N) theories that also include regimes not directly connected with the original motivations related to the pNGB mechanism. In this contribution, I discuss previous calculations of Sp(2N) theories in pure gauge, in the quenched limit and with single-representation dynamical matter. I shall focus on the function of those investigations in connection with studies of the pNGB mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and partial top compositeness, highlighting the key milestones in our journey towards current calculations aimed to approach the phenomenologically relevant regime of the system. Potential applications to the SIMP origin of dark matter are also briefly discussed.

Speaker: Biagio Lucini (Swansea University)

200_F1Pp_Biagio_Lucini

lucini_lat21.pdf

601 Sp(4) lattice gauge theory with fermions in multiple representations

We study a four-dimensional lattice gauge theory with fermions transforming as the fundamental and antisymmetric representations of Sp(2N) gauge groups. More specifically, we consider the case of N=2 with two and three Dirac flavors for the fundamental and antisymmetric fermions, respectively, whose continuum limit serves as the microscopic theory for SU(4)/Sp(4) models of composite Higgs and top-partial compositeness. The standard Wilson gauge action and Wilson-Dirac fermions are used for the Euclidean formulation of the theory. We discuss the phase structure of the lattice theory, where we find strong evidence of a first-order bulk transition in the strong coupling regime. We also present a preliminary investigation of the mass spectrum of composite states including the Chimera baryon, a baryonic state composed of valence fermions in the two different representations, in addition to spin 0 and 1 (flavored) mesons.

Speaker: Jong-Wan Lee (Pusan National University)

225_F1Pp_Jong-Wan_Lee

Lattice_2021_BSM_Lee.pdf

602 Mesonic spectrum of Sp(4) gauge theory with Nf=3 dynamical antisymmetry fermions

We perform dynamical lattice studies for mesonic spectroscopy of Sp(4) gauge theory coupled to three flavours of Dirac fermions in the antisymmetric representation. In addition, mesons composed of valence fundamental Dirac fermions are considered in the partially-quenched setting. We employ the Wuppertal and APE smearing methods to improve the signals of effective masses. By combining the smearing techniques and a variational method, we are able to extract the first excited state of the rho meson. In the lattice calculation, we set the scale using the gradient flow and study continuum extrapolations and finite size effects. Besides, we present our exploratory investigations of chimera baryons.

Speaker: Ho Hsiao (NYCU)

226_F1Pp_Ho_Hsiao

Ho_slides_Lattice2021.pdf

603 $Sp(4)$ and $Sp(6)$ quenched meson spectrum

Motivated by studies of Composite Higgs models based on the $SU(4)/Sp(4)$ coset on the one hand and by large-$N$ limit investigations on the other, we analyse the quenched meson spectrum of Symplectic -- $Sp(2N)$ -- gauge theories on the lattice. We examine fermions in the symmetric representation of $Sp(4)$; we also study fermions in the fundamental, antisymmetric and symmetric representations of $Sp(6)$. The previously computed spectrum of $Sp(4)$ mesons in the fundamental and antisymmetric mesons is also discussed. The $Sp(6)$ spectrum is explored to supplement the work of $Sp(4)$ as well as a step along the way to computing the meson spectrum in the large-$N$ limit of $Sp(2N)$.

Speaker: Jack Holligan (Swansea University)

216_F1Pp_Jack_Holligan

Lattice2021.pdf

604 Topology and scale setting for $Sp(2N)$ pure gauge theories

$Sp(2N)$ gauge theories are potentially relevant in the context of Composite Higgs Models and provide an alternative sequence to the more widely studied $SU(N)$ and $SO(N)$ groups in the investigation of the large-N limit of Yang-Mills theories.
In this contribution, we report on our study of the scale setting and of the topological features of the vacuum of $Sp(2N)$ lattice (pure) gauge theories using the Wilson Flow. We measure the topological susceptibility and the value of the scales $t_0$ and $w_0$ for a range of inverse couplings at $N=1,2,3,4$. The continuum and large-N limits of these quantities are discussed and compared to the results obtained in $SU(N)$ lattice gauge theories.

Speaker: Davide Vadacchino (Trinity College Dublin)

265_F1Pp_Davide_Vadacchino

main.pdf

605 SU(2) gauge theory with Nf=2 fundamental fermions - a template for Composite Higgs models

We investigate a UV completion of a pseudo-Goldstone Composite Higgs model based on a SU(2) gauge theory with two fundamental flavours of Dirac fermions. The model is based on the SU(4) to Sp(4) chiral symmetry breaking pattern and can be view as a minimal template to explore the phenomenological signatures of Composite Higgs models. To characterize the model, lattice calculations are used to fix some of the low energy parameters that enter into the effective description of processes at energies explored by current accelerators. The scattering processes of Goldstone bosons are of particular interest, due to their sensitivity to the vector and scalar resonances of the strongly interacting sector. In this talk, we present our latest results concerning the scattering of Goldstone bosons in the scalar channel.

Speaker: Dr Vincent Drach (University of Plymouth (GB))

134_F1Pp_Vincent_Drach

talk_drach.pdf

606 Investigating the conformal behaviour of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ with one adjoint Dirac flavor

Motivated by recent scenarios of exotic infrared behaviour and by earlier lattice findings, we present results for the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ gauge theory with one Dirac flavor in the adjoint representation. This provides a major update on our previous investigation of this theory, including data for four values of the gauge coupling $\beta$, and for smaller masses and larger volumes than previously considered. Results for the particle spectrum, topological observables, and the anomalous dimension from both hyperscaling and the Dirac mode number are presented. At the finest coupling, we observe a large mass anomalous dimension of $\gamma_*$ ≳ $0.6$. Our findings are analysed in relation to possible infrared behaviours of the model. In particular, we show that our results are not compatible with a confining scenario in which chiral symmetry is broken.

Speaker: Ed Bennett (Swansea University)

26_F1Pp_Ed_Bennett

su2-1adj-2021.pdf

607 Exploring SU(3)+Higgs theories: the fundamental case

Many candidate theories for BSM physics involve Yang-Mills gauge fields coupled to scalars. By considering a 'toy model' of a GUT — an SU(3) gauge theory with a scalar 'Higgs' in the fundamental representation — we give analytical reasons to suspect qualitative discrepancies between the spectrum obtained from the conventional perspective of spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking compared to an approach which explicitly requires nonperturbative gauge invariance. We present lattice spectroscopy results which support this conclusion.

Speaker: Elizabeth Dobson (University of Graz)

SU3_Higgs_Fundamental_Lattice21.pdf

608 Exploring SU(3) + Higgs theories - The adjoint case

In GUT-like scenarios it is necessary to break the gauge group to the SM-group. This is usually achieved by adding scalars to the theory, which may introduce one or more possible breaking patterns to the theory. Additionally, a valid description of gauge-symmetry-breaking needs to be manifestly gauge-invariant, which is often neglected in standard phenomenology.
In our work we therefore study the lattice phase diagram of the simplest theory with two breaking patterns: a $SU(3)$ gauge theory with a Higgs in the adjoint representation. This allows us to analyse possible tensions between perturbative breaking patterns and actual possible ones.

Speaker: Mr Bernd Riederer (University of Graz)

40_F1Pp_Bernd_Riederer

Talk_Lattice21_Riederer.pdf

609 Spectral reconstruction in SU(4) gauge theory with fermions in multiple representations

The naturalness problem in the Higgs sector finds a popular solution in composite Higgs models. In such theories the Higgs boson emerges as the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson associated with the breaking of a global symmetry realised in a new, strongly interacting sector. In this talk we address a model arising in this context and well motivated by phenomenological arguments, a SU(4) gauge theory with fermions in two distinct representations. We present a novel lattice study of this theory, in which we address the non-perturbative reconstruction of spectral densities from lattice correlators.

Speaker: Alessandro Lupo (University of Edinburgh)

105_F1Pp_Alessandro_Lupo

v2.pdf

610 Isospin breaking for dark matter

In various theories of strongly-interacting dark matter non-degenerate flavors play an important role to satisfy constraints like relic abundance. To quantify the impact we investigate a candidate theory, Sp(4) gauge theory with two fundamental flavors. At the relevant quark mass scales we find interesting patterns in the pseudoscalar and vector channel, which mix behavior from chiral and non-chiral origins. This paves the way for testing such a scenario quantitatively in a phenomenological setting.

Speaker: Axel Torsten Maas (University of Graz)

83_F1Pp_Axel_Torsten_Maas

lattice21.pdf

QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density

Conveners: Alexander Rothkopf (University of Stavanger), Maria Paola Lombardo (INFN)

611 Estimation of the photon emission rate of the quark-gluon plasma

We present results for the photon emission rate determined from the transverse channel vector correlator at fixed spatial momentum using two-flavor dynamical Wilson fermions at T ~ 250 MeV. We estimate the transverse channel spectral function using the continuum extrapolated correlator by applying various fit ansätze with a smooth matching to the NLO perturbative result. We confront our estimate based on this channel with the latest results of our collaboration based on the difference of the transverse and longitudinal channels.

Speaker: Csaba Török (Helmholtz-Institut Mainz)

245_F1Th_Csaba_Török

CsTorok_LAT2021_v2.pdf

612 Deep inelastic scattering off quark-gluon plasma and its photon emissivity

The photon emissivity of quark-gluon plasma probes the interactions in
the medium and differs qualitatively between a weakly coupled and a
strongly coupled plasma in the soft-photon regime. The photon
emissivity is given by the product of kinematic factors and a spectral
function associated with the two-point correlator of the
electromagnetic current at lightlike kinematics. A certain Euclidean
correlator at imaginary spatial momentum can be calculated in lattice
QCD and is given by an integral over the relevant spectral function at
lightlike kinematics. I will present a first exploratory lattice
calculation of this correlator. Secondly, I will show how Euclidean
correlators at imaginary spatial momenta can also be used to probe the
regime of deep inelastic scattering off quark-gluon plasma, which
reveals its parton distribution function.

Speaker: Harvey Meyer (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz)

409_F1Th_Harvey_Meyer

meyerhLAT21.pdf

613 Electromagnetic conductivity of quark-gluon plasma at non-zero baryon density

We present our results on the study of the electromagnetic conductivity in
dense quark-gluon plasma obtained within lattice simulations with $N_f = 2 + 1$
dynamical quarks. We employ stout improved rooted staggered quarks at
the physical point and the tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action.
The simulations are performed at imaginary chemical potential and the
Backus-Gilbert method is used to extract the conductivity from
current-current correlators. Our preliminary results show
an increase of conductivity with real baryon density.

Speaker: Anton Trunin (Samara University)

293_F1Th_Anton_Trunin

Latt21_Trunin.pdf

614 An exploration of sphaleron rate in lattice QCD

In this talk we show our lattice QCD calculations for the sphaleron rate (the Minkowski rate for topological charge diffusion). It is determined by modeling the spectral function encoded in the Euclidean topological-charge-density two-point function. The Euclidean correlation functions are measured under gradient flow to reduce noise with improved operators which can more accurately measure topology. The calculations are carried out on large, fine lattices in the quenched approximation at $1.5\,T_c$. With these data we first perform a continuum extrapolation at fixed physical flow time and then extrapolate the continuum estimates to zero flow time. The extrapolated correlators are then used to study the sphaleron rate by spectral reconstruction based on perturbatively motivated models.

Speaker: Dr Hai-Tao Shu (Bielefeld University)

116_F1Th_Hai-Tao_Shu

QQ.pdf

615 Heavy quark diffusion in an overoccupied gluon plasma

We extract the heavy quark diffusion coefficient $\kappa$ and the resulting momentum broadening $\langle p^2 \rangle$ of a heavy quark embedded in a far-from-equilibrium gluon plasma using classical-statistical lattice simulations. We find several features in the time dependence of the momentum broadening: a short initial rapid growth of $\langle p^2 \rangle$, followed by linear growth with time due to Langevin-type dynamics and damped oscillations around this growth at the plasmon frequency. We show that these novel oscillations are not easily explained using perturbative techniques but result from an excess of gluons at low momenta. These oscillation are therefore a gauge invariant confirmation of the infrared enhancement we had previously observed in gauge-fixed correlation functions. We argue that the kinetic theory description of such systems becomes less reliable in the presence of this IR enhancement.

Speaker: Jarkko Peuron (Lund University)

160_F1Th_Jarkko_Peuron

Lattice2021.pdf

616 Chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic correlators at high temperature from gradient flow

The heavy quark diffusion coefficient is encoded in the spectral
functions of the chromo-electric and the chromo-magnetic correlators that are
calculable on the lattice. We study the chromo-electric and the chromo-magnetic correlator in the deconfined phase of SU(3) gauge theory using Symanzik flow at
two temperatures 1.5Tc and 10000Tc, with Tc being the phase transition
temperature. To control the lattice discretization errors and perform
the continuum limit we use several temporal lattice extents Nt=16,20,24,28 and 34. We observe that the flow time dependence of the chromo-magnetic correlator
is quite different from chromo-electric correlator most likely due to
the anomalous dimension of the former as has been pointed out recently in
the literature.

Speaker: Julian Mayer-Steudte (Technical University Munich)

382_F1Th_Julian_Mayer-Steudte

Lattice_Conference_Julian_Mayer-Steudte - handout.pdf

617 Heavy quark momentum diffusion from the lattice using gradient flow

Heavy quark transport coefficients calculated from first-principles QCD are a crucial input for transport models. Utilizing the heavy quark limit, we will discuss the results of a novel approach to nonperturbatively estimate the heavy quark diffusion coefficient in a hot gluonic medium from gradient-flowed color-electric correlators on the lattice. Unlike others, this approach can be extended to a medium with dynamical fermions. The correlation functions are computed on fine isotropic lattices at $1.5\,T_\text{c}$ and are extrapolated to yield continuum data at zero flow time that is fully renormalized. Through theoretically well-established model fits we estimate the corresponding spectral function and in turn the diffusion coefficient, which is consistent with previous studies.

Speaker: Luis Altenkort (Bielefeld University)

138_F1Th_Luis_Altenkort

Luis_Altenkort_Lattice-2021_Heavy_quark_diffusion_using_gradient_flow.pdf

618 In-medium static quark potential from spectral functions on realistic HISQ ensembles

We study the static energy between a quark anti-quark pair in a thermal medium based on ensembles with $N_f=2+1$ dynamical HISQ flavors. Our dataset spans the phenomenologically relevant temperature range between T=140MeV-2GeV based on lattice sizes $48^3$x10,12 and 16. The real- and imaginary part of the potential is determined from the spectral function of Wilson-line correlators in Coulomb gauge. We assess the information content in the correlation functions and deploy three complementary strategies to reconstruct spectral information: model fits, Pade approximation and the Bayesian BR method. Limitations of each approach are carefully assessed.

Speaker: Gaurang Parkar (University Of Stavanger)

512_F1Th_Gaurang_Parkar

present.pdf

619 The complex potential from 2+1 flavor QCD from HTL inspired approach

We have studied finite temperature complex static quark-antiquark potential for 2+1 flavor QCD using highly improved staggered action with pion mass 161 MeV. We extracted the potential using the Wilson line correlator fixed in Coulomb gauge. For the extraction, we have used a newly developed method [1] of splitting the correlator into symmetric and anti-symmetric parts. Using this method we found that the real part of the potential is screened above the crossover temperature, whereas the imaginary part is increasing with both distance and temperature.

[1] D. Bala and S. Datta, "Nonperturbative potential for the study of quarkonia in QGP", Phys. Rev. D 101, 034507

Speaker: Dibyendu Bala (Bielefeld University)

502_F1Th_Dibyendu_Bala

latt1.pdf

620 Thermal interquark potentials for bottomonium using NRQCD from the HAL QCD method

We report our calculation of the inter-quark potential of bottomonium at non-zero temperature using the HAL QCD method. This is applied to NRQCD non-local correlation functions generated from anisotropic FASTSUM ensembles. The correlation functions are initially calculated in momentum space for greater efficiency. Results will be presented for the interquark potential of various states as a function of temperature.

Speaker: Thomas Spriggs (Swansea University)

561_F1Th_Thomas_Spriggs

Thomas_Spriggs_lattice_21_nrqcd_poster.pdf

621 Spectral Reconstruction in NRQCD using the Backus-Gilbert Method

We present the Backus-Gilbert method as a means of reconstructing spectral functions from NRQCD meson correlator data at non-zero temperature. We focus in particular on the resolving power of the method, providing a demonstration of how the underlying resolution functions can be probed by exploiting the Laplacian nature of the NRQCD kernel. We conclude with estimates of the bottomonium ground state mass and widths obtained using the method on FASTSUM anisotropic ensembles, comparing the results with several other reconstruction techniques.

Speaker: Ben Page (Swansea University)

542_F1Th_Ben_Page

Lattice2021_Backus_Gilbert.pdf

622 Reconstruction of bottomonium spectral functions in thermal QCD using Kernel Ridge Regression

We discuss results for bottomonium at nonzero temperature obtained using NRQCD on FASTSUM Generation 2L ensembles. We give an update on results for spectral functions obtained using Kernel Ridge Regression, paying in particular attention to the generation of training data. We compare our findings to estimates of masses of both ground- and the first excited states obtained using multi-exponential fits.

Speaker: Mr Samuel Offler (Swansea University)

545_F1Th_Samuel_Offler

Lattice_2021_Talk.pdf

Standard Model Parameters

Conveners: Chris Bouchard (University of Glasgow ), Constantia Alexandrou

623 The decoupling strategy for the determination of $\alpha_s$

The decoupling strategy by the ALPHA collaboration uses simultaneous decoupling of $N_{\rm f}=3$ heavy quark flavours to obtain a controlled connection between the $\Lambda$-parameters in QCD with $N_{\rm f}=3$ and $N_{\rm f}=0$ quark flavours, respectively, in terms of a common decoupling scale. Corrections are either power suppressed in the heavy quark mass, or perturbatively suppressed by powers of $\alpha_s$ at the scale of the heavy quark mass. In this talk I review the theoretical formalism (for results cf.~subsequent talk by R.~H\"ollwieser).
The Symanzik effective theory and the heavy quark mass expansion are combined and analyzed using recent results by Husung et al. on the leading logarithmic modifications of powers in $a$ or the inverse quark mass. The application to finite volume couplings in a gradient flow scheme, together with perturbative 4-loop results on decoupling from the literature, then yield the basis for the analysis of the continuum and decoupling limits.

Speaker: Stefan Sint (Trinity College Dublin)

lat21_alphas_sint.pdf

624 Results for $\alpha_s$ from the decoupling strategy

We present analysis details and new results for the strong coupling $\alpha_s(m_Z)$, determined by the decoupling strategy detailed in the previous talk. Starting from a line of constant physics (LCP) from previous ALPHA Collaboration work, we simulate $N_f=3$ massless quarks to measure a set of renormalization and improvement constants which allow us to determine the simulation parameters for the LCP at non-zero mass. Then massive simulations were performed at different z=LM and L/a in order to measure the gradient flow couplings and extrapolate them to the continuum. The massive couplings are matched to effective couplings in pure gauge. Using the running in the pure gauge theory and the perturbative relation of the Lambda parameters, the Lambda parameter of the three flavor theory is obtained by an extrapolation to infinite M. Our final result is compatible both with the FLAG average and with the previous ALPHA result, albeit with a slightly smaller, yet still statistics dominated, error. This constitutes a highly non-trivial check, as the decoupling strategy is conceptually very different from the 3-flavor QCD step-scaling method, and so are most of its systematic errors. These include the uncertainties of the decoupling and continuum limits, which we discuss in some detail. Furthermore, by relying on decoupling once again, we could estimate the small O(a) and O(1/M) contaminations to the massive GF coupling stemming from the SF boundaries by means of pure gauge simulations.

Speaker: Roman Höllwieser (University of Wuppertal)

hoellwieser_latt21.pdf

625 Investigation of the Perturbative Expansion of Heavy Quark Correlators for $N_f=0$

The QCD-coupling is a necessary input in the computation of many observables, and the parametric error on input parameters can be a dominant source of uncertainty. The coupling can be extracted by comparing high order perturbative computations and lattice evaluated moments of mesonic two-point functions with heavy quarks, which provide a high energy scale for perturbation theory. The truncation of the perturbative series is an important systematic uncertainty.
We study this issue by measuring pseudo-scalar two-point functions in volumes of $L=2$ fm with twisted-mass Wilson fermions in the quenched approximation.
We use full twist, the non-perturbative clover term and lattice spacings down to $a=0.015$ fm to tame the sizable discretization effects. Our preliminary results indicate that higher order perturbative corrections lead to $\sim 10\%$ deviations of the extracted Lambda parameter from its asymptotic value when the quark mass is around $1.5\, m_\mathrm{charm}$.

Speaker: Leonardo Chimirri (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

HQ_moments_chimirri.pdf

626 Finite volume renormalization schemes and the fermionic gradient flow

Non-perturbative renormalization of composite operators can be achieved by combining the step-scaling method with an intermediate finite volume renormalization scheme. Matching to low energy physics requires that the finite volume scheme can be accurately evaluated at the bare couplings used in simulations of hadronic physics.
In this regime, the gradient flow for the gauge field has been essential for recent progress with the strong coupling, and one may hope for similar benefits when extending the flow to fermion fields.
Here we define finite volume renormalization schemes for fermionic bilinear operators. We use Schrodinger functionial (SF) and chirally rotated SF boundary conditions and consider different fermionic flow definitions, with and without spin structure. We present some results at leading order of perturbation theory and identify parameter choices with small discretization effects.

Speaker: Nico Battelli (Trinity College Dublin)

218_F1Sm_Nico_Battelli

lat21_battelli.pdf

627 Renormalization constants of quark bilinear operators in QCD with dynamical up, down, strange and charm quarks

We present a calculation of the QCD renormalization constants (RCs) for quark bilinear operators, evaluated non-perturbatively on the lattice in the RI'-MOM scheme. The calculation is performed by using dedicated ensembles with $N_f=4$ degenerate dynamical twisted mass (clover) fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action. A detailed analysis is reported, with emphasis on the control or subtraction of the hadronic contaminations occurring in the lattice estimators of RCs and the check of proper scaling with $a^2$ of the final RC results. Such a careful study of systematic errors is the counterpart of the high statistical precision reached by current calculations of RC's in the RI'-MOM scheme and is important in order to quote accurate results in phenomenological applications, such as the computation of quark masses.

Speaker: Matteo Di Carlo (University of Edinburgh)

444_F1Sm_Matteo_Di_Carlo

Lattice21_dicarlo.pdf

628 Non-perturbative renormalization of the flavour-singlet local vector current with $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermions

We determine non-perturbatively the renormalization constant of the flavour-singlet local vector current with $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermions in a moving reference frame. The renormalization constant is fixed by comparing the expectation values (one-point function) of the local vector current and of the conserved one in thermal QCD with a non-zero imaginary chemical potential and in the chiral limit. We implement the method in QCD with $N_f=3$ flavours discretized by the standard Wilson action for gluons and the non-perturbatively $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermions. By carrying out extensive numerical simulations, the renormalization constant is determined with a precision of a few permille for values of the bare coupling constant in the range $0.52 \leq g_0^2 \leq 1.13$.

Speaker: Dr Michele Pepe (INFN - Sezione Milano-Bicocca, Milan (Italy))

211_F1Sm_Michele_Pepe

Pepe.pdf

629 Non-perturbative renormalisation with interpolating momentum schemes

We explore various non-perturbative renormalisation schemes in the framework of the Rome-Southampton method. In particular, we implement several non-exceptional interpolating momentum schemes, where the momentum transfer is not restricted to the symmetric point defined in RI/SMOM. Using flavour non-singlet quark bilinears, we compute the renormalisation factors of the quark mass and wave function for Nf = 3 flavours of dynamical quarks. We investigate the perturbative and non-perturbative scale-dependence and give the corresponding one-loop matching factorto MS. Our numerical results are obtained from lattice simulations performed with Domain Wall fermions based on ensembles generated by RBC-UKQCD collaborations.

Speaker: Nicolas Garron

594_F1Sm_Nicolas_Garron

garron.pdf

630 Scale setting for CLS 2+1 simulations

We present an update of the scale setting for $N_f=2+1$ flavor QCD using gradient flow scales and pseudoscalar decay constants. We analyze the latest ensembles with $2+1$ flavors of non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions generated by CLS for improved precision. Special care is taken to correct for mistuning by measuring directly the mass derivatives of the various observables. We determine $t_0,\;w_0$ and $t_0/w_0^2$ with input taken from $f_\pi$ as well as from $f_K+f_\pi/2$.

Speaker: Ben Strassberger (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

407_F1Sm_Ben_Strassberger

631 Static force with and without gradient flow

Recently a method of measuring static force from the lattice using an insertion of chromoelectric field to an Wilson loop has been proposed to tackle the ambiguities of taking numerical derivative of the static potential. We present the current status of testing the viability of this approach and also expand the calculation for the first time to use gradient flow, which solves the problems with the renormalization of chromoelectric field on the lattice.

Speaker: Viljami Leino (Technical University of Munich (TUM))

362_F1Sm_Viljami_Leino

Viljami_Leino_lattice21.pdf

632 Light meson physics and scale setting from a mixed action with Wilson twisted mass valence quarks

We consider a mixed action approach where valence Wilson twisted mass
(Wtm) fermions at maximal twist are combined with CLS ensembles
consisting of $N_f$=2+1 flavours of O($a$)-improved Wilson sea quarks. We
present an update of the results of the matching of valence and sea
quarks, and of the subsequent continuum-limit scaling studies of
light-quark observables. A scale setting procedure combining the
O($a$)-improved Wilson and the Wtm regularisations will be discussed.

Speaker: Gregorio Herdoiza

389_F1Sm_Gregorio_Herdoiza

lattice2021_herdoiza.pdf

633 Logarithmic corrections to $a^2$ scaling in lattice QCD with Wilson and GW quarks

We analyse the leading logarithmic corrections to the $a^2$ scaling of lattice artefacts in QCD, following the seminal work of Balog, Niedermayer and Weisz in the O(n) non-linear sigma model. Limiting to contributions from the action, the leading logarithmic corrections can be determined by the anomalous dimensions of mass-dimension 6 operators. These operators form a minimal on-shell basis of the Symanzik Effective Theory. We present results for non-perturbatively O($a$) improved Wilson and Ginsparg-Wilson quarks.

Speaker: Nikolai Husung (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

252_F1Sm_Nikolai_Husung

Presentation.pdf

Discussion/social: Algorithms (including Machine Learning, Quantum Computing, Tensor Networks) discussion in Gather breakout room #5

Discussion/social: Hadron Spectroscopy and Interactions discussion in Gather breakout room #2

Discussion/social: Particle physics beyond the Standard Model discussion in Gather breakout room #4

Discussion/social: QCD at nonzero Temperature and Density discussion in Gather breakout room #1

Discussion/social: Standard Model Parameters discussion in Gather breakout room #3

Plenary

Convener: Christoph Lehner (University of Regensburg & Brookhaven National Laboratory)

634 Review of muon g-2

Speaker: Aida El-Khadra (UIUC)

648_F2Pl_Aida_El-Khadra

El-Khadra_Lattice2021.pdf

635 Muon g-2: BMW calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution

We compute the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The calculations are performed using four flavors of stout smeared staggered quarks, with quark masses at their physical values. The continuum limit is taken using six different lattice spacings ranging from $0.132\,\text{fm}$ down to $0.064\,\text{fm}$. All strong isospin breaking and electromagnetic effects are accounted for to leading order. A controlled infinite volume limit is taken thanks to dedicated simulations performed in box sizes up to $11\,\text{fm}$. Putting all these ingredients together, we find $[(g_\mu-2)/2]_\mathrm{LO-HVP}=707.5[5.5]\times 10^{-10}$, which has a total uncertainty of $0.8\,\%$. Compared to determinations based on the dispersive approach, our result significantly reduces the tension between the standard model prediction for the muon $g-2$ and its experimental value.

Speaker: Balint Toth (University of Wuppertal)

641_F2Pl_Balint_Toth

tothb_lat21.pdf

636 Computing System Trends and Performance Portability

In this talk I will review some of the trends in computing systems
including discussing the new and upcoming systems in the U.S. and elsewhere as information allows. I will also discuss some of the programming models to develop software for these systems with an emphasis on portable, and where possible, performance portable approaches.

Speaker: Balint Joo (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

649_F2Pl_Balint_Joo

Lattice2021.pdf

637 SU(3) gauge theory on quantum hardware

A beautiful description of nature’s fundamental forces has been devised through gauge fields introducing local symmetries or conserved charges. While classical techniques continue to provide invaluable information on the emergent properties of gauge field theories relevant to experimental programs throughout the scientific domains, some experimentally relevant parameter regimes (e.g., where coherent dynamics demand exponentially large Hilbert spaces) remain beyond current or foreseeable computational capabilities. Leveraging quantum architectures directly within a computational framework is expected to explore such parameter regimes more naturally. Unfortunately, the inefficient utilization of Hilbert space caused by local symmetries demands careful considerations while devices remain unprotected from quantum noise. In this talk, we will discuss current strategies and progress in representing gauge theories, from Abelian to SU(3) Yang-Mills, on qubit degrees of freedom and performing subsequent dynamical evolutions.

Speaker: Natalie Klco (Caltech)

638 Closing

Discussion/social: In Gather

Tutorial: Intel OneAPI Tutorial

Convener: Patrick Steinbrecher (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

639 Intel tutorial: Essentials of Data Parallel C++

Attendees should create a DevCloud account using below link and event code before the session:
https://sforms.intel.com/DevCloud/?eventcode=lattice-07302021

Event Code: lattice-07302021

The session includes a giveaway of 10 Intel GPU developer platforms.

Join our virtual workshop on Essentials of Data Parallel C++ to learn about oneAPI which aims to provide a unified, cross-industry, programming model to program heterogeneous architectures. In this workshop, you will learn oneAPI programming model and how it can solve the challenges of programming in a heterogeneous world. You will also learn the Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) language and familiarize yourself with using Jupyter notebooks on Intel® DevCloud. We will also go in-depth on SYCL fundamental classes and device selection to offload kernel workloads. You will learn new Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) features such as Unified Shared Memory to simplify programming and how to take advantages of using Subgroups and Reductions in DPC++.

Praveen Kundurthy is a Developer Evangelist at Intel with over 15 years of experience in software development and optimization on Intel platforms. In his current role, he works with universities and developers to help them learn and utilize oneAPI for their projects. He has expertise in C++, C#, and Python programing languages. Over the past few years at Intel, he has worked on topics spanning artificial intelligence, storage technologies, gaming, virtual reality and Android. Praveen has a Master's Degree in Computer Engineering from Mississippi State University.

Speaker: Patrick Steinbrecher (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

essentials.oneapi.lattice2021.pdf